Adjustable water collecting afforestation method for cypress in rocky desertification area

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for afforestation of slash pine in rocky desertification areas with adjustable water collection chambers, relating to the field of passive dew collection and water supply technology. The method includes: determining the effective catchment area and overflow edge height, CBR gradation, paper seed box pore gradient, and SHG strips based on slope, aspect, bedrock exposure rate, rainfall, humidity, and wind rose parameters; off-site prefabricated PDRC-Janus water collection covers, paper seed boxes, and sealed drainage channels, with quality inspection and retention; lightly disturbing the land for preparation and laying a ring-shaped CBR and geotextile ring; after planting, sealing the drip edge and drainage channel for direct supply with two adjustable settings, configuring a one-time bottom water supply and strips; passively maintaining long-term monitoring of root zone water content, deep infiltration rate, and radial-to-vertical timing. This method suppresses heat and promotes dew, limits infiltration distribution, and provides slow-release direct supply, reducing leakage, deep infiltration, and irrigation frequency. It is suitable for sites with slopes of 15 to 30 degrees, thin topsoil, and well-developed fissures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of passive dew collection and water supply technology, specifically a method for afforestation of slash pine in rocky desertification areas with adjustable water collection without a water storage cavity. Background Technology

[0002] The karst rocky desertification area in Southwest China is characterized by exposed bedrock, thin and fragmented soil layers, and spatial discontinuity. Soil is patchy, with well-developed fissures and solution grooves. After rainfall, surface runoff and deep infiltration occur simultaneously, resulting in short near-surface water storage time. Rainfall distribution is uneven throughout the year, with concentrated, short-duration heavy rainfall during the rainy season and a dry season that often lasts 5–6 months. Slopes are mostly 15°–30° and shady / semi-shady, leading to strong evapotranspiration due to the combined effects of radiation and wind. Engineering and management typically require retaining at least 5cm of litter and minimizing topsoil disturbance. However, due to low soil water holding capacity and low field water holding capacity, rainfall is difficult to retain in the 0–10cm layer. Container seedlings often have poor hydraulic contact with the surrounding soil, leading to water stress after planting, manifested as low survival rates, high replanting rates, slow initial diameter at breast height (DBH) growth, and prolonged restoration periods. The large water intake radius and high cost of manual water transport in mountainous areas, coupled with a short working window during the dry season, further amplify the impact of these water constraints on early afforestation.

[0003] Current afforestation and water management practices include small-scale land preparation (fish-scale pits, horizontal terraces), mulching to conserve moisture, container seedling planting and one-time bottom watering, moderate rain / dew collection and slow-release water supply, and supplementary irrigation and tending when necessary. These measures are effective in general mountainous areas, but they still have shortcomings in rocky desertification sites: First, peak runoff and fissure infiltration cause rainwater to bypass the root zone, limiting the micro-topographic retention capacity; second, long dry seasons and dry air lead to near-surface evaporation and temperature rise, accelerating water loss, making a single bottom watering insufficient to support a dry season; third, shallow soil layers and slopes limit the layout and maintenance of pipe networks or complex devices, and sealing failures or silt blockages can cause unstable water supply; fourth, weakening land preparation to reduce disturbance is difficult to reconcile with the need for interception, collection, and stable water supply; fifth, constructing and maintaining micro-topography in areas with fractured rock and discontinuous soil layers presents objective challenges.

[0004] If the aforementioned contradictions persist, common consequences include a survival rate below 60%, frequent replanting leading to secondary disturbances and increased costs, and a decline in the timeliness of ecological restoration. Therefore, the current technical challenge is: under moderate site conditions in karst rocky desertification slopes (slope 15°–30°, aspect 135°–225°, litter layer ≥5cm, shallow soil, and well-developed fissures), how can natural precipitation and small amounts of condensate be effectively collected and retained in the 0–10cm root zone near the surface, without damaging the topsoil or relying on conventional irrigation, to suppress water loss caused by deep infiltration and evaporation from fissures, thus ensuring early survival and initial growth water supply for containerized pine seedlings after planting? Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for afforestation of slash pine in rocky desertification areas with adjustable water collection chambers. This method determines the effective catchment area and overflow edge height, CBR gradation, paper seed box pore gradient, and SHG strips based on parameterized parameters such as slope, aspect, bedrock exposure rate, rainfall, humidity, and wind rose. Pre-fabricated PDRC-Janus water collection covers, paper seed boxes, and sealed drainage channels are prepared off-site and stored for quality inspection. The land is prepared with minimal disturbance, and a ring-shaped CBR and geotextile ring are laid. After planting, the drip edge and drainage channel are sealed for direct supply with two adjustable settings, and a single-use bottom watering and strips are configured. Passive maintenance is implemented for long-term monitoring of root zone water content, deep infiltration rate, and the radial-to-vertical sequence. This method suppresses heat and promotes dew, limits infiltration distribution, and provides slow-release direct supply, reducing leakage, deep infiltration, and irrigation frequency; thus solving the technical problems described in the background art.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for afforestation of slash pine in rocky desertification areas without water storage chambers and with adjustable water collection includes determining two levels of effective water collection area and overflow edge height, CBR gradation, paper seed box pore gradient and SHG strip position based on slope, aspect, bedrock exposure rate, topsoil thickness, fissure density, design rainfall intensity, relative humidity and wind rose. A PDRC-Janus water collection cover was prepared, with a passive radiation cooling layer on the upper surface and a sealing and flow guiding layer on the lower surface. The longitudinal seam and micropore pore gradient of the paper incubation box were formed and SHG strips were embedded. A flow guiding groove was set inside the paper incubation box. Lightly disturb the ground, retain fallen debris, lay and compact a CBR annular capillary barrier layer on the outer perimeter, lay a geotextile ring on the outer edge and anchor it, and use the anisotropic conductivity ratio and the radial-to-vertical infiltration sequence as the basis for on-site acceptance. Place the seedlings into the paper seedling box, make sure the PDRC-Janus water collection cover is sealed to the upper edge of the paper seedling box and aligned with the guide channel, set two levels according to the season, attach the SHG strip, and do not set up an independent water storage chamber, guide tube or siphon rope. The effective catchment area and overflow edge height are adjusted according to the season, and the sealing and diversion are checked. The surface of fallen debris and the diversion channel are kept clean during inspections. The root zone water content, deep infiltration rate and infiltration sequence are used as acceptance parameters and archived.

[0007] Furthermore, using slope, aspect, bedrock exposure rate, topsoil thickness, fissure density, 30-minute design rainfall intensity, relative humidity, and wind rose as inputs, the effective catchment area and overflow edge height, CBR gradation, and paper-grown box pore gradient are determined after caliber conversion and then solidified in the construction details and BOM.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper surface of the PDRC-Janus water collection cover is a passive radiation cooling layer with an atmospheric window average emissivity of not less than 0.95 and a solar reflectivity of not less than 0.90. The bottom surface integrates a sealing surface and a flow guiding component and is equipped with an annular drip edge. The upper edge of the paper box is formed with a flow guiding groove and a sealing step that match the water collection cover to achieve a structural relationship of sealing fit and inflow docking.

[0009] Furthermore, the microgrooves and wetting gradient on the surface of the water collection cover are designed in a coordinated manner to allow water droplets to converge to the edge of the droplet along a predetermined direction; During installation, align the main direction of the grooves with the prevailing wind direction of the wind rose, and align them circumferentially with locating pins or engravings to ensure that the drip edge and the guide groove remain concentric and have a constant gap, thus ensuring a continuous inflow path.

[0010] Furthermore, the CBR annular capillary retardation layer adopts two layers of fine and coarse layers, or three layers of fine, coarse and fine layers, with the ring thickness ranging from 15 to 30 mm as determined by the construction details and controlled by relative compaction. The CBR and the paper box are set concentrically, and the outer edge overlaps with the ground fabric ring and is treated with circumferential joints, with the joints staggered on the slope.

[0011] Furthermore, the sidewall of the paper incubator is formed with a hierarchical structure of longitudinal seams and micropores, with the longitudinal seam width being 0.2 to 0.5 mm, the micropore diameter being 50 to 150 micrometers, and the opening rate being 5% to 12%. During installation, after the guide groove and the drip edge are sealed together, the inflow first enters the sidewall layer and then enters the soil inside the paper incubator.

[0012] Furthermore, the moisture-absorbing gel strips are designed as narrow strips and embedded in the inner lining of the paper seed box side wall. The strip width is no more than 8 mm. They are made of calcium chloride and polysaccharides or polyvinyl alcohol to form a dense surface layer. An isolation layer is set between the strips and the root system, which are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference and correspond to the side wall layers in height to form a water supply path for daily absorption and release.

[0013] Furthermore, the seal uses an elastic sealing ring that fits into the upper edge of the paper box. The sealing ring material is ethylene propylene rubber or thermoplastic vulcanized rubber, and the hardness is selected within the specified range. During installation, the interference fit is controlled, and the positioning structure is aligned with the guide groove and the drip edge to make the sealing surface fit with the inflow interface as one.

[0014] Furthermore, a geotextile ring is laid on the outer edge of the CBR and anchored with anchors. The geotextile ring is made of jute or coconut fiber, and its width is determined by the construction details within the range of 20 to 30 centimeters. The overlap is arranged along the slope and interlocks with the outer edge of the CBR. The anchoring spacing and soil penetration depth are implemented according to the construction drawings and are connected with the litter layer.

[0015] Furthermore, by seasonally adjusting the effective catchment area and overflow edge height, and verifying the sealing and diversion, fixed-time point monitoring was conducted on near-root zone water content, leakage volume, infiltration sequence, and temperature difference between the cover and bare soil. When the monitored values ​​exceeded the contractual threshold, adjustments were made to the two levels, sealing, CBR, and geotextile ring in priority. (III) Beneficial Effects This invention provides a method for afforestation of slash pine in rocky desertification areas without water storage chambers and with water-harvesting capabilities, which has the following beneficial effects: The PDRC-Janus water collection cover is directly and sealed to the upper edge of the paper seed box, with superimposed micro-grooves and wetting gradients, which allows dew and light rain to flow in directionally along the drip edge and into the guide channel; the boundary conditions of heat suppression on the upper surface and nighttime condensation reduce evaporation between the cover surface and the ground surface, allowing water to enter the soil smoothly without the need for a separate water storage chamber and conduit.

[0016] The effective catchment area and overflow edge height form two levels of adjustment, which are linked to the site coefficient in step one; during the dry season, the overflow edge is widened and lowered to accommodate small pulses; during the rainy season, the overflow edge is narrowed and raised to release heavy rainfall; the geometric scale runs through the design, construction and operation, facilitating switching and verification.

[0017] The CBR annular capillary barrier layer induces radial distribution near the ground surface and inhibits deep infiltration through fissures in an unsaturated state; in synergy with the pore gradient of the paper seedling box, it forms an approach path from the sidewall to the root zone, extending the residence time of the shallow root zone; the geotextile ring and litter reduce runoff and erosion, stabilizing the planting tray.

[0018] The SHG strips are embedded in the sidewall lining in a narrow strip form. They absorb moisture at night and release water during the day, matching the intraday temperature and humidity rhythm. The strips are isolated from the roots and correspond to the pore gradient at height, allowing water to diffuse along the sidewall before entering the root zone, reducing the need for irrigation and maintaining stable soil moisture in the container.

[0019] The initial water supply is calculated based on soil volume and field water holding capacity window, and a continuous pathway is initiated through the sealed interface and pore gradient. Subsequent replenishment relies on dew collection and light rain. The sealed direct supply link allows the collected water to enter the soil directly without passing through the retention chamber, resulting in a short path, fewer loss points, and suitability for fractured bedrock and thin topsoil sites. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for the afforestation method of slash pine without water storage chamber according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a method for afforestation of slash pine in rocky desertification areas without water storage chambers and with water-harvesting capabilities, comprising, Step 1: Without disturbing or with minimal disturbance to the original surface, implement the hydraulic link of increasing sewer flow, limiting infiltration, slow release, and direct supply to the root zone using calculable, verifiable, and constructible dimensions and material specifications on the site of each seedling, and directly generate 1:50 construction details, corresponding BOM, and sampling inspection table.

[0023] Among these factors, slope gradient, slope aspect, bedrock exposure, topsoil thickness, and fissure density collectively determine the near-surface runoff generation-infiltration-deep infiltration distribution; simultaneously, the design rainfall intensity... Seasonal relative humidity Together with wind roses, they constrain the conditions for condensation formation, evaporation drive, and light rain recovery pathways. If these are not quantified to the same hydraulic diameter on-site first, it will be impossible to subsequently match the PDRC Janus water collection cap, CBR annular capillary barrier layer, paper incubation box pore gradient, and sidewall hygroscopic gel (SHG) strips on the same scale.

[0024] PDRC-Janus upper surface optical parameters and lamination: It is recommended that the film thickness be 50 to 150 µm, the substrate be a microstructured polymer or porous polyethylene; the laminating adhesive should be an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive with a solid content of 35% to 45% and a coating amount of 10 to 20 g m⁻², to avoid adhesive flow clogging the microgrooves.

[0025] The diagnosis proceeded along two parallel lines: the slope energy-water boundary and the near-surface seepage boundary. The first line considered the slope angle... Angle of slope Seasonal relative humidity The angle between the slope and the prevailing wind direction in the wind rose. Wind speed The outer boundary of condensation and evaporation is equalized to the effective water collection area of ​​the PDRC Janus water collection cover. With overflow edge height The target recovery range is set; the second main line targets the bedrock exposure rate. Topsoil thickness Crack density Establish the anisotropic requirements for unsaturated infiltration, and determine the gradation and thickness of the CBR annular capillary barrier layer accordingly, so that the ratio of vertical hydrodynamic conductivity to radial permeability coefficient is optimized. The value was controlled at 0.25 and below under a matrix suction of 20 kPa ± 2 kPa.

[0026] The two main lines act as inputs to each other: when the first main line gives a higher upper limit for the recovery flow rate, the second main line simultaneously increases the radial priority requirement to avoid deep penetration.

[0027] Among them, the site hydraulic setpoint coefficient is defined by converting multiple factors into a single scalar as the design entry point. For subsequent effective catchment area Overflow edge height Rapid selection of CBR gradation and paper box pore gradient. The following calculation formula is established:

[0028] In the formula: Slope correction factor according to Linear mapping from 15° to 30° to 0.9-1.1; wind direction and speed correction coefficients. Using the angle between the slope aspect and the prevailing wind direction Δα and the prevailing wind speed U as inputs, a monotonically decaying mapping of Δα and a linear correction of U are preferably adopted, where Δα decays from 1.1 to 0.9 from 0° to 90°, and U decays from 0.95 to 1.05 from 1 to 6 m·s⁻¹. Humidity correction factor With humidity The bedrock correction factor increased from 0.9 to 1.1 in the 30%-80% range; bedrock exposure rate (30%-60%), fracture density (Statistics based on the number of seams per unit length) and topsoil thickness (Profiling measurement, accuracy 1 cm) is mapped to a weighted sum after normalization, and then mapped to 0.85 to 1.15; the above correction coefficients are all dimensionless coefficients, so that topographic, meteorological and geological data of different dimensions are converted to the same scale before multiplicative coupling.

[0029] Where: Design rainfall intensity : Taken from the district / station rainfall intensity formula or local specifications; slope angle Inclinometer or DEM inversion; angle between slope and prevailing wind direction. : From wind rose statistics; prevailing wind speed : Annual seasonal average wind speed at a height of 10 m; Seasonal relative humidity Monthly-quarterly scale statistics; bedrock exposure rate Visual interpretation of sample plots; crack density Linear count of rock surface; topsoil thickness : Measured with a steel ruler or probe.

[0030] Using the site hydraulic setting coefficient By compressing meteorological and geomorphological-geological variables into a unified entry point, selection deviations caused by independent adjustment of multiple parameters are avoided, and the dimensions and gradations of each component in subsequent parametric design are directly linked.

[0031] Furthermore, based on bedrock exposure rate Topsoil thickness Crack density The radial priority level that the CBR annular capillary barrier layer must achieve was determined. Planar and vertical point infiltration was performed in the field using a small infiltration instrument under a matrix suction of 20 kPa ± 2 kPa to infer the natural... The current status level; if natural In this case, a three-layer design (fine-coarse-fine) is used; if natural... At a pH of 0.25-0.4, a two-layer system (fine-coarse) is sufficient. In areas with exposed rock and dense fissures, a lateral water distribution system is first implemented within a 0-10 cm radius of the paper culture box, using a pore gradient with sparser inner layers and denser outer layers, to complement the CBR ring. This results in quantifiable and traceable water. With nature The current status is classified, and the meteorological and geological boundaries are translated into anisotropic indicators of water volume, head, and permeability required by subsequent components, ensuring that the parameter link is closed on paper.

[0032] Furthermore, in terms of site hydraulic setting coefficient With nature Once the current situation is clear, it is necessary to make the PDRC Janus water collection cover, CBR annular capillary barrier layer, paper seed box pore gradient and SHG strip into a water-free link that is coupled with each other: to amplify condensation and light rain recovery in the dry season, to restrict water collection and force radial distribution in the rainy season, and to maintain the obtained trace moisture in the 0-10 cm root zone in a time sequence of first radial and then vertical.

[0033] First, the radiation and catchment boundary: the upper surface of the PDRC Janus catchment cover must meet the average emissivity of the atmospheric window. Solar reflectivity It suppresses heat during the day and prevents condensation at night and in the morning; the seal between the lower surface and the upper edge of the paper incubator ensures a direct supply route without an independent water storage chamber.

[0034] Secondly, the anisotropic infiltration boundary: the CBR annular capillary barrier layer, through its fine-coarse (-fine) gradation and annular thickness of 15-30 mm, converts vertical seepage into radial distribution, thus... (Matrix suction 20 kPa ± 2 kPa), inhibiting deep penetration of fissures.

[0035] Secondly, there is the porosity sequence near the root zone: the hierarchical opening of the longitudinal seams and micropores on the side wall of the paper seed box, and the pattern of sparse inside and dense outside or sparse on top and dense on bottom, guide the water flow to the periphery of the box wall first and then slowly penetrate into the root zone; the SHG strips absorb moisture at night and release water during the day, achieving slow release within the day without direct contact with the roots.

[0036] The specific implementation methods are as follows: Material selection and inspection: The upper surface uses a polymer film or porous polyethylene film with a microstructure to ensure the average emissivity of the atmospheric window. (Fourier infrared integrating sphere method, wavelength 8-13 µm, room temperature 20-25 °C), solar reflectivity (Integrating sphere UV-Vis-NIR reflectance measurement).

[0037] The outer edge of the cover plate is equipped with a replaceable EPDM / TPV sealing ring, which is interference-tightened with the upper edge of the paper box. The clamping force is checked to ensure that the seal retention rate is not less than 90% after 20 cycles of dry and wet heat. The hardness is Shore A50 to 60, and the interference amount is... The seal retention rate should be no less than 90% after 20 cycles of wet and dry heat, up to 0.5 mm; a supplementary compression set test should be conducted as a factory inspection.

[0038] Dual-stage regulating mechanism: centered around the effective catchment area With overflow edge height Set up dry season and rainy season slots.

[0039] During the dry season, the area is enlarged by rotating the shading. (For example, cover the outer ring opening to a 20% transparency rate), and... Lower the setting to 8-12 mm to allow light rain and condensation to enter the incubation box first; reverse the setting for the rainy season. Shrink to 50%-60%, Increase to 22-30 mm, prioritizing the overflow of heavy rainfall into the geotextile ring at the outer edge of the CBR.

[0040] Directional droplet collection: The upper surface is machined with microgrooves (groove depth 30-80 µm, pitch 0.3-0.8 mm) and superimposed with a radial contact angle gradient (gradually decreasing from 80° to 30°). The main direction of the grooves is aligned with the prevailing wind direction of the wind rose to improve the recovery efficiency along the guide channel when there is a small amount of moisture. The gradient can be achieved through plasma selective treatment or fluorine / hydroxyl-containing surface energy coating; the droplet size is on the same order of magnitude as the groove depth, which is beneficial for directional droplet collection.

[0041] Sensitivity and Tolerance: and For sensitive variables, the tolerances are no more than ±0.01 and ±0.02 respectively; The processing and installation tolerances are controlled within ±2 mm; the microgroove pitch tolerance is ±0.05 mm, and the groove depth tolerance is ±10 µm.

[0042] Thus, the energy boundary and the hydraulic boundary are separated by... , Two intuitive knobs are placed on the ground, and the micro-texture-wetting gradient makes the recycling of trace amounts of water a predictable action.

[0043] Furthermore, as one implementation method: CBR gradation and thickness: designed according to a fine-coarse-fine or fine-coarse configuration; the particle size distribution of the fine material is preferably 0.1 / 0.3 / 0.6 mm (calculated by laser diffraction or sieve analysis) for D10 / D50 / D90, and 1 / 3 / 6 mm for the coarse material; the ring thickness is 15-30 mm, and the compaction degree reaches 90%-93% of the maximum dry density (standard compaction). The goal is to achieve the following under a matrix suction of 20 kPa ± 2 kPa: Compress to 0.25 or below.

[0044] Pore ​​gradient of paper incubator: longitudinal slit width set on sidewall Vertical slits with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 mm and micropore diameter It consists of circumferential micropores ranging from 50 to 150 µm, with an open porosity of The infiltration rate is controlled between 5% and 12%, with a looser top and denser bottom or a looser inside and denser outside design to achieve radial infiltration followed by vertical infiltration. Wet strength is verified using ring crush and tensile tests (25 °C, after 2 hours of water immersion), and air permeability is measured using the Gurley air permeability standard. (TAPPIT460) is used as a sampling indicator.

[0045] SHG strip arrangement: SHG strips, no wider than 8 mm, are attached to the inner wall of the paper seed box, with 3-4 strips evenly spaced circumferentially. A 2-3 mm gap is maintained between the strips and the root system, and a thin layer of paper base is used for isolation. SHG's intraday uptake and release are at 25 °C and 60%. The temperature and humidity chamber is periodically calibrated to ensure there is no salt solution leakage.

[0046] Soil stabilization and moisture retention at the outer edge: The outer edge of the CBR is covered with a ring of jute or coconut fiber nonwoven ground fabric, 20-30 cm wide, with a surface density of 400-600 g·m⁻², and anchored with bamboo nails. It is designed to degrade naturally in 12-18 months.

[0047] Sensitivity and Tolerance: For absolutely sensitive variables, if the value exceeds 0.25, it is necessary to re-check the gradation or compaction degree; seam Tolerance ±0.05 mm, hole Tolerance ±10 µm, opening Tolerance ±1 percentage point; performance fluctuations of CBR within ±2 percentage points of optimum moisture content are acceptable.

[0048] In order to Direct mapping to and Using the target water replenishment amount for each event as the design criterion, a closed loop is established:

[0049]

[0050] Where: Target water replenishment amount for the root zone Determined by tree species and seedling age; effective catchment area Switching between dry season and rainy season; recycling efficiency : 0.35-0.65, affected by microtexture and sealing fit; off-site, constant drop method (0.5–1.0 mm min) -1 Drip volume along the center of the cover surface Measure the volume of water entering the channel at the inlet of the guide channel. ,Pick Using a light rain event as a window, the synchronous measurement method was used to backtrack within the venue. .

[0051] Effective rainfall Based on the design intensity of the rainstorm The effective rainfall for light rain events is calculated based on the duration of typical events at this site; when the duration of a rain event is... minutes and , retrieve event ;when Take the cumulative rainfall in the 30 minutes before the event. If designed according to the regional station strength formula, take (Unit: millimeters).

[0052] Based on the design intensity of the rainstorm The effective rainfall of the light rain event is converted according to the typical event duration t event of this site; when Take when ≤30 minutes = × / 30; when When the rainfall exceeds 30 minutes, take event R as the cumulative rainfall in the 30 minutes preceding the event; if the district / station rainfall intensity formula is used for design, then take... The design rainfall for 30 minutes was verified using on-site rain gauge recordings (unit: millimeters).

[0053] Condensation Equivalent : Relative humidity varies with the season With wind speed The combination is given by empirical curves; a flat plate (area plate) of the same material as the upper surface of the PDRC is fixed at the representative position. The mass increment measured from night to sunrise Conversion board (Unit: millimeters), take the median over 3 consecutive days; discard if invalidated due to wind or rain.

[0054] Overflow hold function A dimensionless coefficient of 0-1, which varies with the overflow edge height. Incremental; Calibration method: Under room temperature conditions and horizontal installation, water is introduced along the center of the cover at a constant small flow rate, and overflow samples are taken respectively. mm records the volume fraction entering the tank, and the least squares fitting is used to calculate... .

[0055] When in use, the PDRC Janus water collection cover provides... and Sampling methods and Two size options; the CBR annular capillary retardant layer provides gradation, ring thickness, and compaction windows to achieve The pore gradient of the paper incubation box and the SHG strips provide details on the openings, pattern, strip positions, and isolation. The cooling-condensation boundary of the energy boundary is preferentially coupled with the radial flow boundary, forming a direct supply path without a water storage chamber.

[0056] To ensure the reproducibility of the process of determining the effective catchment area and overflow edge height, CBR gradation, paper seed box pore gradient, and SHG strip location based on site parameters, this implementation method uses a lookup table to establish a site grading table. Only four indicators need to be measured on-site: slope, exposure rate, fissure density, and topsoil thickness. The afforestation site can then be classified into grades I / II / III according to the grading table, and the corresponding range of structural parameters and the combination of the two parameter grades can be directly selected accordingly.

[0057] I. Site Classification Indicators and Rules 1) Slope S: Determined by on-site slope measuring instrument or topographic measurement results; 2) Exposure rate R: determined by the area of ​​bare rock within the sample plot / the area of ​​the sample plot; 3) Fracture density F: determined by the number of fractures per unit length or per unit area; 4) Topsoil thickness D: Determined by the effective topsoil thickness measured by probe or borehole.

[0058] The following rules apply to the classification: if at least three criteria for a certain level are met, the level is classified as that level; if two criteria for each of two adjacent levels are met simultaneously, the level is classified as the higher level.

[0059] II. Site Classification Table (Level I / II / III) Level I (Good water supply conditions or low risk of water loss): Judgment criteria: S is smaller; or R is lower; or F is lower; or D is larger.

[0060] Parameter selection: a) Two levels of effective water collection area A and overflow edge height H: A is taken as the small or medium level, and H is taken as the low level. b) CBR gradation: 1 layer, with a smaller thickness range; c) Pore gradient of paper culture box: equal porosity or weak gradient, with a medium porosity window; d) SHG strips: The number of strips should be small, and the height Z should be slightly above or in the middle to ensure ventilation.

[0061] Level II (Water supply conditions are average or there is a moderate risk of water loss): Judgment criteria: S is moderate; or R is moderate; or F is moderate; or D is moderate.

[0062] Parameter selection: a) Two-level A / H: A selects the medium range and has a preset "high / low" setting for switching; H selects the medium to high range and has a preset "high / low" setting for switching. b) CBR gradation: 2 layers, with a medium thickness, the outer layer being coarser and the inner layer being finer; c) Pore gradient: medium gradient, the porosity window takes a medium gradient range of "larger at the top and smaller at the bottom" or "larger at the outside and smaller at the inside"; d) SHG stripes: The number is of medium range, and the height Z covers the vicinity of the main root distribution layer.

[0063] Level III (poor water supply conditions or high risk of water loss, typical rocky desertification site): Judgment criteria: S is larger; or R is higher; or F is higher; or D is smaller.

[0064] Parameter selection: a) Two-level A / H: A selects the larger range and presets the two-level switching; H selects the larger range and presets the two-level switching, in order to prolong the retention time and reduce the erosion during the rainstorm period; b) CBR gradation: 3 layers, with a relatively large thickness, and the layers gradually become finer from coarse to fine or from the outside to the inside to enhance capillary resistance and feedback. c) Pore gradient: Strong gradient, the porosity window is taken as a strong gradient range of "larger at the top and smaller at the bottom" or "larger at the outside and smaller at the inside", so as to achieve both air exchange at the top and water retention at the bottom. d) SHG strips: The number of strips should be large, and the height Z should be prioritized to be placed near the root zone water-sensitive layer, and continuous circumferential cover should be restricted to avoid hypoxia.

[0065] III. On-site selection rules for two parameter levels Within the same site grade, both A and H are preset to two levels (small / large or low / high), and the level is selected according to rainfall conditions and soil seepage performance: During the dry season or periods of little rain: prioritize options A (large) and H (high). During the rainy season, there may be erosion, overflow, and sand-laden water: switch to A low gear and H low gear; The switching is achieved through an "adjustable overflow edge height structure" and an "adjustable effective water collection area structure". The switching action and gear position markings are recorded in the construction and maintenance log.

[0066] Step 2: Without entering the construction site, create traceable and qualified batches of PDRC-Janus water collection covers, paper incubation box pore gradients, sidewall moisture-absorbing gel strips, and CBR annular capillary barrier layers. Use a unified photothermal-permeability-mechanical-weather resistance sampling method to solidify the target amounts of increased sinking, limited permeability, and slow release into verifiable parameters and process cards, ensuring that the two settings given in Step 1 can be implemented immediately upon arrival at the site without the need for on-site modifications.

[0067] Among them, the two on-site operating conditions rely on the synergy of radiation cooling on the upper surface and sealing and guiding on the lower surface; if material and geometric errors are out of control, overflow and evaporation losses will be directly amplified, resulting in the inability to realize the two-level adjustment of effective water collection area and overflow edge height.

[0068] Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unified light and heat balance and three links of sealing-weathering-flow guidance outside the field to connect materials, structure and process, so that the matching of radiation parameters and sealing becomes an entry threshold with evidence.

[0069] Pre-treatment focuses on materials and molds: microstructured polymers or porous polyethylene films are selected for the upper surface of PDRC, and it is confirmed that the average emissivity and solar reflectivity of the atmospheric window can stably reach the target range; the sealing interface between the lower surface and the upper edge of the paper box is determined to be a composite sealing ring of ethylene propylene rubber and thermoplastic vulcanized rubber, with the hardness window locked between Shore A50 and 60.

[0070] The core steps are performed in the following order: substrate injection molding, PDRC layer lamination, microtexturing, wetting gradient treatment, sealing ring assembly, and overflow edge mechanism assembly. All processes are carried out at room temperature of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius.

[0071] Post-processing and testing involve three types of tests: spectral and thermal tests to verify radiation cooling capacity, sealing and weathering cycle tests to verify that the sealing retention rate is not less than 90%, and simulated rainfall-condensation coupling tests to verify the consistency of the two flow conduction efficiencies.

[0072] Furthermore, the upper surface of the PDRC-Janus water collection cover uses the average emissivity of the atmospheric window and solar reflectivity as acceptance criteria, with the upper limit determined by the material and the lower limit by the manufacturing process. Two flow guidance modes (dry season and rainy season) are used to change the effective water collection area and overflow edge height via rotating baffles or lifting rings, while maintaining the directional drip groove orientation consistent with the wind rose. To couple the material, structure, and environment to the same criterion, a net radiative flux balance method is used to determine the daytime and nighttime energy balance of the cover surface.

[0073] Where: net radiative flux The net heat flux per unit area of ​​the cover surface is determined by the environmental conditions and material parameters on the test day; the average emissivity of the atmospheric window. Average emissivity in the 8 to 13 micrometer wavelength band, not less than 0.95, determined by Fourier transform infrared integrating sphere method; Stefan-Boltzmann constant. The radiation law constant converts the fourth-order temperature difference into flux; the cover temperature. The instantaneous temperature of the upper surface of the PDRC is measured by infrared thermography or a contact thermometer. Sky radiation temperature Effective radiation temperature of the sky horizon, derived from atmospheric longwave models or measured inversion; solar reflectivity. Integral reflectance in the 300 to 2500 nanometer wavelength band, not less than 0.90, measured by the integrating sphere method; solar irradiance. Incident solar irradiance, measured by an on-site radiometer; convective heat transfer coefficient. The convective heat transfer coefficient between the cover and the air is determined by wind speed and geometry; the radiative heat transfer coefficient... The linearized radiative heat transfer coefficient between the cover and the environment is estimated from the surface emissivity and temperature range; air temperature. Ambient air temperature, a reference for the linear difference between convection and radiation, measured by a thermometer.

[0074] The criterion is that when the daytime net radiation flux is not greater than zero and the nighttime net radiation flux is negative, the cover surface has the ability to suppress heat and promote dew. Under this condition, the two diversion levels are adjusted to increase or decrease the effective water collection area and overflow edge height respectively, so as to meet the root zone net increase water volume target given in step one.

[0075] When in use, the photothermal parameters and the two flow levels are mapped to the same net flux criterion. Before entering the construction site, the continuous feasibility of energy-free cooling-night condensation-directional droplet collection can be proven by spectral and thermal evidence. The adjustment of the effective water collection area and overflow edge height is translated into a response to the net radiation flux criterion.

[0076] The lower surface and the upper edge of the paper incubation box use a composite sealing ring of ethylene propylene rubber and thermoplastic vulcanized rubber, forming a one-time sealing interface through interference-compression fit. The threshold for acceptance is a seal retention rate of no less than 90% after 20 cycles of wet and dry heat. The cycling conditions alternate between a dry stage at room temperature (20-25 degrees Celsius) and a high-humidity stage. The wet stage uses a controlled humidity environment, and the dry stage uses a constant-temperature oven, with each stage lasting no less than 2 hours. After cycling, the results are verified using hydrostatic pressure and dyed water leakage methods, and then confirmed by a visual water droplet movement test on the membrane to ensure that the wetting gradient and grooves maintain directional droplet collection under both conditions, and that the flow path is stably aligned with the flow channel of the paper incubation box. Therefore, the seal retention rate and flow consistency still meet the requirements after cycling, meaning that the switching between the two stages will not change the water collection efficiency due to seal decay, nor will it direct the recycled water to the soil outside the paper incubation box, ensuring that the direct supply route without an independent water storage chamber remains valid throughout its lifespan.

[0077] Furthermore, the radial-to-vertical infiltration timeline relies on the longitudinal slit-micropore hierarchical structure of the paper incubation box sidewalls to receive the radial flux redirected by the CBR annular capillary barrier layer, and the absorption-release coordination is completed by the hygroscopic gel strips on the sidewalls throughout the day and night. If the pore size distribution, porosity, or strip position deviates, both radial priority and intraday sustained release will be disrupted. At the same time, the gradation and compaction of the CBR determine the anisotropic water conductivity at a matrix suction of 20 kPa; if the material or moisture content is not properly controlled, vertical release will occur prematurely.

[0078] In one implementation method, the pretreatment focuses on formulation and gradation: the paper incubator uses a fiber-wax-bio-based composite wet strength formulation, with longitudinal seam width of 0.2 to 0.5 mm, micropore diameter of 50 to 150 micrometers, and porosity of 5% to 12%; the sidewall hygroscopic gel strips are mainly composed of calcium chloride-polysaccharide or polymer composites, with a strip width not exceeding 8 mm and isolated from the root zone; the CBR gradation is prepared as two layers of fine-coarse or three layers of fine-coarse-fine, with a ring thickness of 15 to 30 mm and a compaction degree of 90% to 93% of the maximum dry density.

[0079] Composition window (dry basis mass fraction): Calcium chloride 25% to 40%; Polyvinyl alcohol 10% to 20% (number average molecular weight 80,000 to 140,000, degree of hydrolysis 87% to 98%); Anionic polysaccharides 10% to 20% (sodium alginate molecular weight 100,000 to 300,000 or carboxymethyl cellulose molecular weight 200,000 to 700,000); balance water and plasticizers such as glycerol. A dense surface layer of 10 to 30 µm is formed by crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol with citric acid or glutaraldehyde to inhibit free salt migration; band width... Up to 8 mm, keep with roots The isolation is 3 mm. The diameter of the water intake and exhaust circulation ports has been determined in the aforementioned steps.

[0080] The core step involves assembling the three components into a circumferentially aligned ring system, aligning the longitudinal seams and microporous areas of the paper incubator with the CBR fine layer to shorten the radial channels; and equidistant strips are placed on the inner lining. Post-processing and testing are conducted in a closed loop using four types of tests: pore size distribution, air permeability, water absorption and release circulation, and infiltration anisotropy, forming an acceptance package for incoming materials.

[0081] The longitudinal seams of the paper incubator are formed by die-cutting and calibrated to a fixed width. Micropores are formed by laser drilling or needle roller perforation. The open area ratio is verified by a dual-track method of image processing and weighing. The wet strength is verified by ring crush and tensile tests. The air permeability is measured using Gurley permeability as a window indicator. Regarding the moisture-absorbing gel strips on the side walls, the water absorption and release cycle is completed in the box at 25 degrees Celsius and 60% relative humidity, with a daily circulation volume of not less than 0.1 kg per square meter per day. At the same time, an isolation liner is used to maintain a 2 to 3 mm gap between the strips and the root zone.

[0082] The pore gradient and strip position should be able to guide water to the periphery first and then slowly enter the 0 to 10 cm layer under both working conditions. If direct penetration characteristics appear under simulated light rain conditions, immediately return to the porosity and longitudinal seam width window for recalibration, and re-examine the synergy between the strip and pore gradient in the water intake and exhaust cycle.

[0083] Furthermore, the pore gradient and the strips form complementary time-space control on the same sidewall: the longitudinal slits and micropores ensure radial priority and low-flux penetration, and the strips release the water absorbed at night during the day. Both can achieve slow-release direct supply without relying on an independent water storage chamber.

[0084] To ensure that the ratio of vertical to radial hydraulic conductivity is no greater than 0.25 at a matrix suction of 20 kPa, a calculable-measurable consistency criterion is met, the Mualem-van Genuchten hydraulic conductivity model is used to calculate the equivalent unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in both the vertical and radial directions, and a ratio criterion is established:

[0085] Where: Vertical hydrodynamic force The vertical equivalent unsaturated hydraulic conductivity under a matrix suction of 20 kPa is the numerator of the seepage limitation criterion, obtained by substituting the sample parameters into the model; radial hydraulic conductivity... Radial equivalent unsaturated hydraulic conductivity under a matrix suction of 20 kPa is obtained by substituting the sample parameters into the model; vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity... With radial saturated hydraulic conductivity The saturated water conductivity in both directions, the upper limit of the calibration channel, is measured by the permeation test of the compacted cylindrical specimen; Vertical effective saturation With radial effective saturation : Directionally correlated effective saturation at 20 kPa, mapping the water state to hydraulic conductivity, with values ​​between 0 and 1, calculated from the soil-water characteristic curve; Vertical connectivity index Radial connectivity index : Pore connectivity index, corrects for channel contribution in the low-saturation region, value determined based on gradation and structure; Vertical shape parameter With radial shape parameters The shape parameter of the soil-water characteristic curve controls the curvature of the transition section, and the range of values ​​is determined by the pressure plate test.

[0086] Representative compacted cylindrical specimens (70 mm in diameter, 20–30 mm in height) of three types (fine-layer, coarse-layer, and fine-layer) were taken from the CBR ring. Directionality was defined as axial = vertical and radial = radial. The shape parameters of the soil-water characteristic curve were determined using a pressure plate at 20 kPa, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured using the constant / variable head method. Substitute into the model , And calculate the ratio. Reason: Specifying the directionality and specimen geometry ensures the ratio can be verified. The Mualem-van Genuchten unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is used as the expression:

[0087] Taking different parameter sets for vertical and radial directions, we obtain the following results. and The ratio was taken at a matrix suction of 20 kPa. Specimen: compacted cylinder (70 mm in diameter), with the axial direction defined as vertical and the radial direction as radial. Constant / variable head method Fit was determined using a pressure plate. .

[0088] The model parameters were derived from samples with the same moisture content and compaction degree as those on site. When the ratio criterion did not meet the requirement of not exceeding 0.25, the model reverted to the gradation curve and moisture content control, prioritizing the increase of the fine layer thickness or the adjustment of the D10, D50, and D90 quantile particle sizes of the fine layer to enhance the hydraulic conductivity gradient at 20 kPa. At the same time, the ring thickness and compaction degree were checked and kept within the window of 15 to 30 mm and 90% to 93% to avoid short-circuiting of water conduction due to abnormal pore connectivity.

[0089] When in use, the CBR annular capillary barrier layer achieves an anisotropic conductivity ratio of no more than 0.25 under the dual constraints of model and experiment. When laid in alignment with the pore gradient of the paper seed box, the radial wetting zone can stably transfer the flux into the 0 to 10 cm root zone, avoid deep infiltration into fissures, and close the distribution-slow release-direct supply near the ground surface.

[0090] Step 3: While preserving the structure of the fallen leaves and topsoil, construct a near-surface hydraulic boundary around the planting point that restricts seepage, spreads, and stabilizes the soil. This boundary is then measured on-site. The timing of light rain infiltration is set as an acceptable indicator, enabling subsequent planting and installation / adjustment to directly close the link from increased infiltration to limited infiltration to slow release to direct supply to the root zone.

[0091] When the slope is between 15 and 30 degrees and the aspect is between 135 and 225 degrees, the distribution of natural runoff and infiltration is subject to the dual pull of gravity and bedrock fissures. If planting is done directly, vertical deep infiltration will bypass the 0 to 10 cm root zone. To ensure the controlled diffusion of the small flux introduced by the PDRC-Janus catchment cover near the surface, a CBR annular capillary barrier layer must first be constructed around the outer periphery of the paper seed box. The vertical channels are converted into radial channels using a fine-coarse (or fine-coarse-fine) gradation, and the preferential radial anisotropy is solidified into structural properties using the annular thickness and compaction degree window. The engineering intent is to establish a hydraulic boundary of the same diameter as the parametric design in step one, without disturbing the topsoil and debris, through a sequence of lightly disturbed land preparation, gradation, and quantitative compaction.

[0092] The process includes the following three steps: Step 1: Surface morphology correction. The goal is to retain a thickness of at least 5 cm of fallen debris. At the same time, level the plate surface with a 2 cm layer of soil around the planting point with a radius of 0.5 meters to ensure the circumferential continuity and elevation of the CBR ring.

[0093] Step 2: Lay out the CBR annular capillary barrier layer, forming a radial potential gradient from high capillary suction to low capillary suction with two layers of fine-coarse or three layers of fine-coarse-fine. The ring thickness is locked at 15 to 30 mm, and the inner edge is kept concentric with the side wall of the paper incubation box to avoid step-like abrupt changes.

[0094] Step 3: Compaction and Moisture Control. On-site, use a compaction cylinder or light compactor to control the relative compaction degree to 90% to 93%. The moisture content of the material during laying should be controlled within ±2 percentage points of the optimum moisture content to ensure that pore connectivity and the water film rupture threshold are within the design window. If compaction is performed before leveling, weak rings will be introduced; if laying is done directly without leveling, the ring thickness will fluctuate beyond the limit, both of which will lead to discontinuous radial distribution.

[0095] Furthermore, the operation is carried out at a room temperature of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. First, use a toothed rake to remove large stones and hard clumps along the contour lines, with the working depth not exceeding 2 centimeters. Then, fill the small depressions with fine soil to ensure that the slope of the plate is not greater than 3%.

[0096] The litter layer is lifted in sections with a cutter, leveled, and then returned to its original position and lightly pressed to form a continuous cover between the litter and the outer edge of the CBR ring. If the litter thickness is less than 5 cm, a mixture of jute fiber and humus is added to the outer edge, with a surface density controlled at 400 to 600 grams per square meter. Sensitive variables are leveling thickness and surface slope, with a tolerance of ±0.5 cm for leveling thickness and ±0.5 percentage points for surface slope. The robust variable is the mixing ratio of the litter layer, which can be adjusted within the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mass ratio of jute fiber to humus.

[0097] The fine layer uses a D10 / D50 / D90 gradation of 0.1 / 0.3 / 0.6 mm, while the coarse layer uses a D10 / D50 / D90 gradation of 1 / 3 / 6 mm. In a three-layer configuration, the inner and outer sides are fine layers, and the middle layer is a coarse layer. When the ring thickness is selected as 25 mm, it is distributed as follows: inner fine 10 mm - middle coarse 10 mm - outer fine 5 mm; in a two-layer configuration, it is distributed as follows: inner fine 12 to 15 mm - outer coarse 10 to 15 mm. The laying is carried out in circumferential sections, with each section lightly tapped to compact it radially. A smooth, non-particle-contaminated insulating surface is set between the layers to prevent fine particles from seeping down and clogging the pores of the coarse layer.

[0098] After compaction, the dry density is checked using a portable cylinder method. If the relative compaction degree reaches 90% to 93%, it is considered qualified. If the density is too low, return to the moisture content window, sprinkle a small amount of water, and compact again.

[0099] To ensure radial distribution is dominant, the flux ratio threshold is used as an immediate criterion in the field:

[0100] Where: radial volumetric flux density Radial flux per unit area per unit time, used to determine radial dominance, calculated from percolator readings; vertical volumetric flux density. Vertical flux per unit area per unit time is used to determine the tendency for deep infiltration, calculated from a percolation dish or buried cylinder gauge; radial flux is measured by arranging a small annular infiltrator (200 mm inner diameter, 30 mm ring width) around the paper incubation box, with fixed-head infiltration, and averaging the readings at three equidistant points in the ring; vertical flux... Calculated using the volume of the leakage dish at the bottom of the box and the water-receiving area; calculation within the same event window. .

[0101] radial water conductivity With vertical hydrodynamic rate The equivalent unsaturated hydraulic conductivity under a matrix suction of 20 kPa is used to measure structural anisotropy and is derived from the curves of a small infiltration meter and a pressure plate. Radial hydraulic gradient With vertical hydraulic gradient The head gradient in the corresponding direction is a geometric-head driving term, which is determined by the overflow edge height, annular thickness, and infiltration head.

[0102] When the flux ratio is not less than 1, the circumferential distribution is considered sufficient; if it is less than 1, the thickness of the fine layer or the D50 of the coarse layer is increased first to reconstruct the pore size difference, while the circumferential thickness and compaction degree are checked to see if they deviate from the window.

[0103] In use, through surface geometric constraints and gradation-compaction linkage, the CBR annular capillary barrier layer achieves a radially preferential hydraulic response under a matrix suction of 20 kPa. The flux ratio criterion transforms whether the radial flow is sufficient into a single observable quantity. As a result, vertical deep penetration is delayed, and minute infiltration diffuses circumferentially within a range of 0 to 10 cm, thus providing a stable inlet for the radial-to-vertical time history of the paper incubator sidewall.

[0104] Once the radial flux diffuses around the outer edge of the CBR ring, without a stabilizing soil and moisture-retaining layer, surface shearing and evaporation will disrupt the continuity of the wetting zone, preventing the infiltration of light rain events from forming a closed loop around the paper-based incubator. Therefore, a jute or coconut fiber geotextile ring needs to be laid around the outer edge of the CBR ring and anchored at equal angles with bamboo nails, giving it the triple functions of delaying runoff, inhibiting evapotranspiration, and resisting erosion. The engineering intent is to use biodegradable fibers to form a flexible boundary immediately upon construction, which, during a natural decay period of 12 to 18 months, will work in conjunction with the CBR to maintain the radial wetting zone.

[0105] Upon arrival, materials are assessed based on a surface density of 400-600 grams per square meter and a width of 20-30 centimeters. Fiber strength and needle-punch density are randomly checked, and materials with loose needles or hardened knots are discarded. During installation, the fabric loops are tightly fitted to the outer edge of the CBR, with an overlap length of at least 10 centimeters. The overlap seams are stacked along the slope to prevent edge lifting in the water-facing direction. Anchoring is done with bamboo nails spaced 30-40 centimeters apart, with a minimum embedment depth of 10 centimeters. The anchor caps are tightened but do not cut the fibers. During acceptance... The verification result is still no greater than 0.25, and the infiltration of light rain shows a time-series curve of first radial and then vertical, with the deep infiltration rate meeting the standard. If any of these conditions are not met, then the investigation should be carried out in reverse order of fabric loop-CBR-surface geometry, and local rework should be carried out.

[0106] Specifically, before laying the fabric ring, the CBR surface is moistened with a spray bottle until no free water is generated. Then, the fabric ring is unfolded and rolled down the slope with a soft roller to interlock the fibers with the slightly rough surface. Anchoring is completed immediately after laying, with the anchoring angle controlled between 15 and 25 degrees and the slope normal to ensure pull-out resistance while avoiding cutting the soil. At the fabric-soil interface, evapotranspiration suppression mainly relies on reducing surface wind speed and increasing the thickness of the surface boundary layer; therefore, a second layer of fabric strips, 10 to 15 cm wide, can be superimposed in windward sections, covering only the windward arc. Sensitive variables are the anchoring spacing and embedment depth, with tolerances of ±5 cm and ±1 cm, respectively; the robust variable is the width of the superimposed strips, which can be determined on-site within the above ranges.

[0107] Furthermore, the acceptance criteria focus on the deep infiltration rate and temporal characteristics. The deep infiltration rate is defined using a simplified water balance method, and the judgment is based on event measurement.

[0108] Where: Deep infiltration rate The ratio of the volume penetrating below the root domain in a single event to the inflow volume is not greater than 0.15; leakage volume. The penetration volume collected by embedding a seepage dish or placing a water collection bag is calculated from the graduated cylinder reading. Design of rainstorm equivalent quantities Effective rainfall of a light rain event, calculated based on the design storm intensity, is recorded by on-site rain gauges; condensation equivalent. The depth of condensate water formed by radiation cooling within the same event is estimated by the collection plate or weighing method; effective catchment area. The effective water collection area of ​​the PDRC-Janus water collection cover at its designated position is determined by the construction details. After assembling the rotating shield, the effective exposed area is measured using a visual method in a horizontal position. Fitting scale-area linear relationship set ,in This is the occlusion rate scale (0 to 1). The area is the fully open area.

[0109] The time-series acceptance is based on simultaneous recording of soil moisture content by probes at two depths: 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm. The judgment criterion is that the upper layer moisture content rises first and shows a uniform lateral expansion, followed by a slow rise in the lower layer with a delayed peak. If the deep infiltration rate is greater than 0.15 or the time-series characteristics are not met, the fabric ring overlap and anchoring are checked first, followed by the CBR ring thickness and compaction. If necessary, the fabric should be backfilled and repaved.

[0110] In use, the geotextile rings and CBR rings together form a flexible-rigid composite boundary: the flexible fibers reduce surface shear and evapotranspiration, while the rigid gradation maintains pore size difference and water film continuity. The combination of these two elements achieves a stable radial-to-vertical infiltration curve under light rain conditions. The acceptance process, combined with the dual-depth probe timing sequence, transforms the seepage limitation-distribution-soil stabilization into a quantifiable and traceable on-site indicator system.

[0111] As an example: In the same planting strip, after the CBR and fabric ring were completed, an acceptance test was conducted during a 40-minute light rain event. The PDRC-Janus water collection cover was set to the dry season setting, the effective water collection area was read, and the upper limit of the seepage dish volume was set accordingly. After the event, no continuous water accumulation appeared in the seepage dish, and the deep infiltration rate calculated by the formula met the threshold. The moisture content probe showed that the rise of the 0 to 5 cm layer was first and spread evenly around the perimeter, while the peak value of the 5 to 10 cm layer showed a significant lag.

[0112] Subsequently, a small-scale retest with red tracer solution revealed a thin water curtain seeping along the longitudinal seams of the paper incubator sidewall, which connected with the moistened zone at the outer edge of the CBR. The on-site record included geometric photographs, gradation batch numbers, compaction curves, fabric areal density certificates, anchor point coordinates, and time-series curves. All of this was bound into the on-site installation process card – Step 3 – as a handover document, for direct reference in Step 4 for planting and the installation / archiving of the PDRC-Janus water collection cover.

[0113] Step 4: Without setting up an independent water storage chamber and conduit, the dew and light rain collected by the PDRC-Janus water collection cover are directly sent into the soil of the paper seed box through the sealed interface, forming a closed loop of seepage restriction, distribution, slow release and direct supply to the root zone with the CBR annular capillary barrier layer; the root zone water content is locked at the acceptable target window through two-level adjustment and one-time bottom watering, so that subsequent passive maintenance can maintain stable operation with only low-frequency manual operation.

[0114] For direct water supply without an independent storage chamber to be established on-site, the sealing-guiding geometry of the seedling, the upper edge of the paper seedling box, and the PDRC-Janus water collection cover must be aligned in one go: the root collar elevation of the seedling must maintain a 1 cm backfill margin with the upper edge of the paper seedling box; the sealing ring on the upper edge of the paper seedling box and the lower surface of the water collection cover must form a stable pressing surface; and the drip edge must be concentric with the guide groove inside the box, allowing condensation and light rain to directly enter the pore gradient zone without leakage. If the alignment accuracy or the interference fit of the sealing ring is not properly controlled, the recovery flux will overflow and be diverted by evaporation, negating the subsequent advantages of limited permeability and distribution.

[0115] First, control watering for three consecutive days on the container seedlings of *Pinus slashii* and soak their roots in rooting powder at a predetermined concentration for 30 minutes to improve root surface water absorption after transplanting. Then, remove the soil bag and place the seedlings into a paper nursery box, backfilling to 1 cm from the top edge and lightly pressing in three circles with your fingers to ensure the pore gradient is not disrupted. Finally, press a sealing ring between the lower surface of the water collection cover and the upper edge of the paper nursery box, ensuring a tight fit. Control the diameter to 0.3 to 0.5 mm; then, align the drip edge with the guide groove inside the box, ensuring the main direction of the grooves aligns with the prevailing wind direction of the wind rose, and set the effective water collection area according to the season. With overflow edge height The dry season and rainy season are recorded on-site, including photos, dimensions, and inspection forms, to ensure traceability.

[0116] As a specific implementation method, the three-layer interface of the seedling-paper nursery box-water collection cover is controlled by three factors: height, concentricity, and interference fit. The height difference between the seedling root collar and the upper edge of the paper nursery box is fixed at 1 cm to isolate the sealing surface from the soil surface; when the paper nursery box is placed into the CBR ring, it is centered using a plastic template with an error of no more than ±2 mm; the sealing ring is made of ethylene propylene rubber or thermoplastic vulcanized rubber with a hardness of Shore A 50 to 60, and the interference fit of the sealing ring is... Control the gap to 0.3 to 0.5 mm and check with a feeler gauge; after pressing, perform a ring injection test with dyed water along the inner side of the cover surface, and observe whether continuous water droplets form at the drip edge and enter the soil along the guide groove. If leakage or drip deviation occurs, immediately adjust the distance between the guide groove and the drip edge or replace the sealing ring. The sensitive variable is the interference fit of the sealing ring. The tolerances for the centering difference are no greater than ±0.05 mm and ±1 mm, respectively; the robust variable is the crimping force, which allows for fine-tuning within the range that ensures the seal does not damage the paper edge.

[0117] Furthermore, the goal during the dry season is to maximize condensation and light rain recovery, thus increasing the effective catchment area. Over a larger area, the overflow edge height Set at a lower range to allow early inflow to preferentially enter the guide channel; The goal of the rainy season is to prevent flooding and suppress erosion, therefore shrink, The water level is raised to allow excess water to overflow along the outside of the cover to the outer edge of the CBR's fabric ring. The scales of the rotating baffle and the lifting ring are calibrated with each division representing 5% of the effective area and 2 mm of overflow height, respectively. After assembly, these are confirmed point-by-point using feeler gauges and vernier calipers. To ensure that the two selection settings are not based on experience but correspond one-to-one with the on-site water volume target, the root zone target water replenishment volume is used as the setting guideline:

[0118] Among them: root domain target water replenishment amount Align the demand side with the structural side, with the interval determined by tree species and seedling age; recycling efficiency. The value is determined by the fit between the microgrooves and the seal, ranging from 0.35 to 0.65, and is extrapolated from on-site event measurements; the design storm intensity is calculated accordingly. Calculated by converting the design rainfall intensity with the duration of a typical event; condensation equivalent The effective water collection area is estimated by weighing the water collection plates of the water collection cover or by the mass difference method. Determined by two structural scales; overflow holding function The proportion of overflow entering the tank corresponding to the overflow edge height varies with... The curve is monotonically increasing and selected using a small-sample calibration curve.

[0119] When the root zone target water replenishment Lock the setting when the target window given in step one is reached; if it is too low, increase the effective water collection area. Or lower the overflow edge height If it is too high, then adjust accordingly.

[0120] To transform the absorption-release mechanism into a slow-release-direct supply, a diurnal absorption-release cycle needs to be established on the sidewall of the paper seed box. Simultaneously, a single-use bottom water application rapidly draws the root zone water potential into the target window, ensuring subsequent maintenance is entirely driven by passive recovery and strip-based water release. If the strip-based water distribution does not match the pore gradient, root spacing, or sealing interface, water release will deviate from the root zone. Excessive or insufficient single-use bottom water application will lead to interfacial water suspension and early drought, respectively. First, based on the strip width... Cut the moisture-absorbing gel strips on the sidewalls to a diameter no larger than 8 mm, and chamfer the ends to avoid stress concentration; then position the strips in three to four equal sections along the inner lining of the paper incubation box, with the strip roots spaced at a distance of... The thickness is controlled to 2 to 3 mm, and a thin paper-based isolation layer is used to separate the strip from the root surface; water-based acrylic adhesive is applied and bonded at room temperature. The viscosity is measured using a Brookfield viscometer with a #3 rotor at 25 degrees Celsius and 60 revolutions per minute, and is controlled within a window of 1500 to 2500 mPa·s to ensure that it does not penetrate into the micropores; after bonding for 24 hours, an adsorption-release cycle check is performed, and then a one-time bottom water test is performed to complete the water content acceptance.

[0121] The strips are evenly spaced along the circumference of the inner wall of the paper incubator, and the strip width is... Controlled to 6 to 8 mm, strip root spacing The thickness of the bonding layer should be controlled at 2 to 3 mm, and the longitudinal length should cover 0 to 10 cm of soil, with the end at least 5 mm above the bottom of the box to allow for free drainage. After bonding, the strip should be placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 25 degrees Celsius and 60% relative humidity for 24 hours for absorption-release cycles to confirm that there is no salt seepage on the surface of the strip and the bonding line is intact. Then, a fixed amount of water should be added along the strip position inside the box to observe that a uniform wet halo appears in the micropore area and does not penetrate outside the paper. If deviation or leakage occurs, the strip position should be adjusted or the isolation layer should be replaced and rechecked. The sensitive variable is the strip root distance. With the adhesive viscosity, the tolerances are no greater than ±0.5 mm and ±200 mPa·s, respectively; the robustness variable is the number of strips, which can be selected as three or four strips.

[0122] Furthermore, the initial bottom water is injected slowly from the center, ensuring that the guide channel, pore gradient, and lower edge of the strip are sequentially wetted without any residual water on the surface; its volume is calculated based on the root zone soil volume fraction from the initial volume. Increase to field water holding capacity volume fraction field The required quantity, plus the small volume required for sealing and pore interface activation. calculate:

[0123] Among them: volume of bottom water at one time Used for controlling the amount of water injected at one time; field water holding capacity (volume fraction) The target upper limit is calculated using the drying method or field water holding capacity curve; initial volume fraction. Root zone volume, measured before water injection by TDR or drying method. Take the volume of soil from 0 to 10 cm inside the paper-growing box; measure the volume of moisture drawn into the interface. The wetting and start-up requirements of the guide groove-sealing surface-micropore-strip are characterized and given after small sample calibration.

[0124] The injection flow rate should be controlled to no more than 0.5 liters per minute to avoid scouring. After injection, check that the cover surface is free of residual water, the inner wall of the guide channel is uniformly moistened, and there is no finger-like leakage from the outer CBR ring. Then, verify the injection with a TDR at two depths: 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm. The TDR should fall into the acceptance window of 50% to 70% and 40% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, respectively, and take photos for record-keeping. If the standard is not met, repeat the injection, TDR retest, and record the cause once in a closed loop. If the standard is still not met, check the strip position and the interference fit of the sealing ring. During use, ensure that the hygroscopic gel strips on the sidewalls are geometrically and materially synchronized with the pore gradient, corresponding to the slow-release rhythm of nighttime absorption and daytime release; at the same time, convert the one-time bottom water into volume calculation and window acceptance, so that the root zone water content can quickly fall into the target window and be maintained in coordination with the strip water release, achieving stable near-root zone retention and time-sequential water supply under the direct supply route without an independent water storage chamber.

[0125] Step 5: Maintain the target window for root zone water content and the long-term stability of the root zone link of increasing sinking-limiting infiltration-slow release-direct supply with low-frequency manual operation. Based on the two-level settings and on-site measurements, complete the adjustment and verification during seasonal changes, and conduct data-based acceptance and handover using contractual KPIs.

[0126] After the planting and assembly in step four, the system is capable of directly supplying dew and light rain to the root zone without the need for a separate water storage chamber. During long-term operation, the meteorological drivers at the outer boundary show significant differences between the dry and rainy seasons: the combination of relative humidity and wind speed in the dry season is more conducive to nighttime absorption-daytime release and condensation, but precipitation events are sparse; while the short-duration, heavy rainfall in the rainy season easily triggers overflow and shallow erosion. If the two settings and operating thresholds are not clearly defined, the system may experience insufficient recovery or excessive deep infiltration during seasonal changes, thus disrupting the synergistic effect of limited infiltration-distribution-slow release.

[0127] The operational motivation therefore focuses on two points: first, binding the adjustment action to a single criterion; and second, chaining low-frequency inspection actions so that every on-site action is supported by traceable measurement results. In the event recording phase, rain gauges and temperature and humidity recorders are uniformly deployed on-site, and aligned according to the work circle. , The current gear level is used for account creation. The threshold determination process uses a unified inverse formula for the root domain target water replenishment volume to map the outer boundary event quantities and structural quantities back to the target level. or This ensures that file adjustments are based on quantitative needs rather than empirical judgments.

[0128] Immediately after switching between the two gears, perform a seal check and a concentric check of the drip edge and guide channel to prevent damage caused by repeated loading and unloading. Drifting. Inspection actions are performed at a low frequency rhythm, including resetting the debris surface, cleaning the flow channel, and tightening the bamboo nail anchor points. These actions are ultimately archived in the maintenance log with photos, dimensions, and criterion values ​​in a closed loop. This logic is strictly executed sequentially; only debris resetting and flow channel cleaning can be performed concurrently within the same inspection. Threshold determination precedes any structural adjustment and rearrangement is not allowed.

[0129] Furthermore, the basis for seasonal adjustments is fixed on the inverse formula of the root domain target water replenishment, using the current event's rainfall and condensation equivalent to extrapolate the appropriate effective catchment area. This inverse calculation criterion allows operators to simply measure the event quantity and read the current... Then the required settings can be obtained. Scale values:

[0130] Where: Target root zone water replenishment As a reference for demand in the current season; recycling efficiency The calculation is derived from the sampling and backtesting of materials from the same batch in step two; the design storm intensity conversion quantity. From event-specific rainfall records or converted based on typical duration; dew equivalent Obtained using the collection plate weighing method or the mass difference method; overflow retention function It is dimensionless and is read from the small sample calibration curve.

[0131] When the target value of effective catchment area If the value is higher than the current mark, switch to the dry season direction (increase). ,reduce When the effective catchment area target value If the value is below the current mark, switch to the rainy season setting (contract). ,improve ).

[0132] Each division of the device's scale corresponds to 5% of the effective area and 2 mm of overflow height. Switching is verified using vernier calipers and feeler gauges, with tolerance controlled within ±0.5 mm. The sensitive variable is... and The drift of these two will directly change the result of the inverse calculation.

[0133] Furthermore, low-frequency inspections are based on inspection frequency. The baseline is once a month, with an additional inspection following consecutive heavy rainfalls or strong winds; the inspection procedures must be strictly performed in the following order: Inspect the cover surface for deposits and fallen leaves; check the interference fit of the sealing ring with a feeler gauge. Check if the gap between the drip edge and the guide channel is maintained at 0.3 to 0.5 mm using a ruler; clean the fine deposits in the microgrooves and guide channels with a soft brush to avoid altering the design distance. , The effective inflow path; restore the wind-disturbed debris surface to a thickness of 5 cm, and if necessary, cover with a mixture of jute fiber and humus, with a surface density of 400 to 600 grams per square meter; record the adjustment scale, measurement readings, and the state after restoration with photos, and link them to the work circle in the operation log. and Gear position number. Sensitive variable is... Depending on the cleanliness of the flow channel, exceeding the tolerance limit or siltation inside the channel will lead to bypass and overflow.

[0134] When using it, the file adjustment based on the inverse criterion is... and It can always converge to the point of satisfaction. The solution; low-frequency inspection keeps the seal and surface geometry within the design window for a long time, preventing the synergy of seepage restriction, distribution and slow release from the accumulation of small deviations. It can offset seasonal weather fluctuations with structural action without adding hardware, and maintain the stability of near-root domain retention and time-series water supply.

[0135] Furthermore, the goal of passive maintenance is not simply to maintain structural integrity, but to demonstrate, through quantitative indicators, that the chain of increasing sewer capacity, limiting seepage, slow release, and direct supply to the root zone remains effective over time. For owners and contractors, it is essential to provide contractually quantifiable KPIs and a replicable measurement methodology to ensure comparability and traceability of performance under different seasons and event conditions.

[0136] The root zone water content can be maintained within the target range of field capacity during the no-rainfall window. When a representative light rain or a design rainstorm intensity event occurs, the deep infiltration rate does not exceed the threshold and shows a time sequence of first radial and then vertical. Temperature and growth indicators corroborate the response of evapotranspiration inhibition and condensation gain at the crop scale, forming a closed loop from the physical boundary to the organism.

[0137] In the sensing stage, TDR probes are embedded at depths of 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm to collect soil temperature data in situ; the sampling stage uses a ring cutter-drying method for calibration. and The field correction coefficients were determined, and the temperatures of the cover and bare soil were simultaneously collected using infrared thermography or patch thermocouples. Two types of windows were selected for the event phase: 20 days without rain and the design rainstorm intensity conversion event. The calculation phase obtained the criteria for water content maintenance and deep infiltration rate, and examined the radial and then vertical characteristics using time-series curves. The judgment phase made a qualified / required review conclusion by comparing with the contract threshold. The archiving phase bound the original data, criteria values ​​and field images into a booklet.

[0138] Furthermore, during a 20-day rainless window, the volume fraction of TDR at two depths was read at fixed times each day and corrected using the conversion coefficient established in the previous ring cutter-drying method; at the same time, the surface temperature of the PDRC-Janus water collection cover and the temperature of the adjacent bare soil were recorded to ensure that the field of view of the two measuring points was consistent.

[0139] The acceptance criteria are as follows: the volume fraction of the 0-5 cm layer should be maintained at 50%-70% of field capacity, and the volume fraction of the 5-10 cm layer should be maintained at 40%-60%; simultaneously, the temperature difference between the topsoil and bare soil should reach or exceed 3 degrees Celsius at midday on sunny days. To avoid misjudgment due to individual extreme weather events, fluctuations within this window are allowed to be described using the median and interquartile range, but each reading must be recorded and updated accordingly. , Gear number binding. The sensitive variables are the installation posture of the TDR probe and its contact with the soil. During installation, it is necessary to fill with fine sand and vent with light pressure to avoid air gaps causing reading deviations. Temperature measurements must be performed using the same instrument and the same surface emissivity setting to eliminate differences between instruments.

[0140] Furthermore, when a light rain lasting 30 minutes or an event equivalent to the design rainstorm intensity occurs, the seepage dish or the lower water collection bag is activated to simultaneously measure the penetration volume, and the deep infiltration rate is calculated based on the event inflow through the water collection cover. Simultaneously, infiltration time-series curves were acquired using two-depth TDRs to examine the order of uplift in the upper layer followed by the lower layer. The deep infiltration ratio used for handover is defined as follows:

[0141] Among them, leakage volume The volume reading is obtained from the seepage dish or water collection bag; the design storm intensity is calculated. The condensation equivalent is obtained by integrating the rain gauge over the duration of the event. The effective water collection area is obtained by weighing the collection plates or by the mass difference method. The unit is square meters, which is verified by comparing the on-site gear scale with the construction details.

[0142] The criterion is the deep infiltration rate. Less than or equal to 0.15, and the TDR curve shows a characteristic of radial followed by vertical on the time axis, that is, the peak appears first in the 0 to 5 cm layer and the amplitude is more uniform, while the peak appears later in the 5 to 10 cm layer and is smoother. If the deep permeability is... If the threshold is exceeded or the timing criteria are not met, the fabric ring-CBR-sealing-two-stage reverse check is initiated, and if necessary, the process is rolled back to the corresponding process in step three or four for verification.

[0143] When in use, the two dimensions of water content and temperature are combined into the same measurement process, so that evapotranspiration inhibition and water content maintenance can be aligned in time; at the same time, the event quantity, penetration quantity and curve shape are bundled into a one-time acceptance, directly verifying the true performance of seepage limitation and distribution in light rain or equivalent events.

[0144] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0145] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0146] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0147] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0148] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for afforestation of slash pine in rocky desertification areas without water storage chambers and with water-harvesting capability, characterized in that: include, Based on slope, aspect, bedrock exposure rate, topsoil thickness, fissure density, design rainfall intensity, relative humidity, and wind rose, two levels of effective catchment area and overflow edge height, CBR gradation, paper seed box pore gradient, and SHG strip position were determined. A PDRC-Janus water collection cover was prepared, with a passive radiation cooling layer on the upper surface and a sealing and guiding layer on the lower surface. The pore gradient of the longitudinal seam and micropores of the paper seed box was formed and SHG strips were embedded. A guide groove was set inside the paper seed box. Lightly disturb the ground, retain fallen debris, lay and compact a CBR annular capillary barrier layer on the outer perimeter, lay a geotextile ring on the outer edge and anchor it, and use the anisotropic conductivity ratio and the radial-to-vertical infiltration sequence as the basis for on-site acceptance. Place the seedlings into the paper seedling box, make sure the PDRC-Janus water collection cover is sealed to the upper edge of the paper seedling box and aligned with the guide channel, set two levels according to the season, attach the SHG strip, and do not set up an independent water storage chamber, guide tube or siphon rope. The effective catchment area and overflow edge height are adjusted according to the season, and the sealing and diversion are checked. The surface of fallen debris and the diversion channel are kept clean during inspections. The root zone water content, deep infiltration rate and infiltration sequence are used as acceptance parameters and archived.

2. The method for afforestation of slash pine without water storage chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Using slope, aspect, bedrock exposure rate, topsoil thickness, fissure density, 30-minute design rainfall intensity, relative humidity, and wind rose as inputs, the effective catchment area and overflow edge height, CBR gradation, and paper incubator pore gradient are determined after caliber conversion and then solidified in the construction details and BOM.

3. The method for afforestation of slash pine without water storage chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surface of the PDRC-Janus water collection cover is a passive radiation cooling layer with an atmospheric window average emissivity of not less than 0.95 and a solar reflectivity of not less than 0.

90. The bottom surface integrates a sealing surface and a flow guiding component and is equipped with an annular drip edge. The upper edge of the paper box is formed with a flow guiding groove and a sealing step that match the water collection cover to achieve a structural relationship of sealing fit and inlet connection.

4. The method for afforestation of slash pine without water storage chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that: The microgrooves and wetting gradient on the surface of the water collection cover are designed in a coordinated manner to allow water droplets to converge to the edge of the droplet along a predetermined direction; During installation, align the main direction of the grooves with the prevailing wind direction of the wind rose, and align them circumferentially with locating pins or engravings to ensure that the drip edge and the guide groove remain concentric and have a constant gap, thus ensuring a continuous inflow path.

5. The method for afforestation of slash pine without water storage chambers according to claim 4, characterized in that: The CBR annular capillary barrier layer adopts two layers of fine and coarse layers, or three layers of fine, coarse and fine layers. The ring thickness is determined by the construction details within the range of 15 to 30 mm and controlled by the relative compaction degree. The CBR and the paper box are set concentrically, and the outer edge overlaps with the ground fabric ring and is treated with a circumferential joint. The joints are staggered on the slope.

6. The method for afforestation of slash pine without water storage chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sidewall of the paper incubator has a hierarchical structure of longitudinal seams and micropores. The width of the longitudinal seams is 0.2 to 0.5 mm, the diameter of the micropores is 50 to 150 micrometers, and the porosity is 5% to 12%. During installation, the flow channel and the drip edge are sealed together so that the inflow first enters the sidewall layer and then enters the soil inside the paper incubator.

7. The method for afforestation of slash pine without water storage chambers according to claim 6, characterized in that: The moisture-absorbing gel strips are designed as narrow strips and embedded in the inner lining of the paper seed box. The strip width is no more than 8 mm. They are made of calcium chloride and polysaccharides or polyvinyl alcohol to form a dense surface layer. An isolation layer is set between the strips and the root system. The strips are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference and correspond to the side wall layers in height to form a water supply path for daily absorption and release.

8. The method for afforestation of slash pine without water storage chamber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The seal uses an elastic sealing ring that fits into the upper edge of the paper box. The sealing ring material is ethylene propylene rubber or thermoplastic vulcanized rubber, and the hardness is selected within the specified range. During installation, the interference fit is controlled, and the positioning structure is aligned with the guide groove and the drip edge to make the sealing surface fit with the inflow interface as one.

9. The method for afforestation of slash pine without water storage chamber according to claim 8, characterized in that: A geotextile ring is laid on the outer edge of the CBR and anchored with anchors. The geotextile ring is made of jute or coconut fiber, and its width is determined by the construction details within the range of 20 to 30 centimeters. The overlap is arranged along the slope and interlocks with the outer edge of the CBR. The anchoring spacing and the depth of penetration into the soil are implemented according to the construction drawings and are connected with the litter layer.

10. The method for afforestation of slash pine without water storage chambers according to claim 9, characterized in that: By seasonally changing the effective catchment area and overflow edge height and verifying the sealing and diversion, the water content, leakage volume, infiltration sequence and temperature difference between the cover and bare soil are monitored at fixed time points. When the monitored values ​​exceed the contractual threshold, the two levels, sealing, CBR and geotextile ring are adjusted in priority order.

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