Bridge bearing vulnerable part quick replacement system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a rapid replacement system and method for vulnerable bridge bearing components. The system includes a lower bearing plate, a spherical crown, an upper bearing plate, a pull-out mechanism, a lifting mechanism, and a replacement mechanism. The pull-out mechanism, located between the spherical crown and the upper bearing plate, consists of a base plate, a pull-out plate, a sliding plate, and a stop block. The lifting mechanism is equipped with an adjusting nut, an adjusting screw, and a top plate. A replacement mechanism is located at each end of the lower bearing plate, including a support assembly, a support rod assembly for lifting the pull-out plate, and a pulling assembly. The pulling assembly includes a movable pulley, a fixed pulley, and a rope assembly. The system lifts the bridge structure using the lifting mechanism, pulls the pull-out plate to the support rod assembly by pulling the rope, and when space is limited, half of the pull-out plate can be pulled out from one side to replace the sliding plate separately. After resetting and fixing the pull-out plate, the bridge structure is lowered to complete the operation. The system adopts a modular and adjustable design, enabling efficient and safe replacement of sliding plates for bearings of different specifications, solving the problem of limited operating space, reducing replacement difficulty, and improving work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge bearing technology, and more specifically, relates to a system and method for quick replacement of vulnerable parts of bridge bearings. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge bearings are core load-bearing components in bridge structures, and their vulnerable parts are mainly planar, segmented sliding plates that directly participate in friction and pressure. During bridge operation, bearings are susceptible to multiple factors such as vehicle loads, temperature deformation, and foundation settlement. The sliding plates are under continuous frictional contact and dynamic pressure, making them prone to wear, aging, deformation, and other failures. The condition of these vulnerable parts directly determines the rotation and sliding performance of the bearings. Failure to replace them in time will lead to uneven stress on the bearings, thereby affecting the stability and durability of the overall bridge structure. Therefore, sliding plates are the core vulnerable parts in the daily maintenance and replacement of bridge bearings.

[0003] In the existing technology, solutions for replacing vulnerable parts such as bridge bearing slide plates have been formed, including overall lifting of the bearing followed by disassembly and replacement, partial disassembly of bearing components and simple support for pulling and replacement. Some solutions use a simple steel support structure and manual prying and pulling to complete the disassembly and installation of the slide plate. The lifting operation mostly uses a fixed specification lifting device to adapt to small and large bearings respectively. However, these existing solutions have obvious defects: (1) The support structure has poor adjustability, cannot achieve stepless height adjustment and flexible position adjustment, and is difficult to adapt to the replacement needs of bearings of different specifications. Moreover, the stability design of the support frame is insufficient; (2) The pulling force ratio of the pulling device is fixed and has poor adjustability. For large bearings or scenarios where the manual operation space is limited, it is easy to encounter problems such as jamming of the pull-out parts and unsmooth pulling out, making manual operation difficult; (3) The lifting system cannot take into account the lifting needs of small and large bearings, lacks a reasonable pressure sharing design, and the safety and work efficiency of the replacement process are low.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rapid replacement system for vulnerable parts of bridge bearings, which can enable efficient, safe and convenient replacement of vulnerable parts in bearings of different specifications and in complex operating spaces, while reducing the difficulty of manual operation and improving the efficiency and safety of replacement of vulnerable parts of bearings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of poor adjustability, poor adaptability, and inconvenient operation of existing bridge bearing vulnerable component replacement devices, this invention provides a rapid replacement system and method for bridge bearing vulnerable components to solve these problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a quick replacement system for vulnerable parts of bridge bearings, comprising an upper bearing plate, a spherical crown, and a lower bearing plate arranged sequentially from top to bottom; A pull-out mechanism located between the spherical crown and the upper seat plate includes a base plate, a pull-out plate with a sliding limit on the top of the base plate, multiple sets of sliding plates arrayed and embedded on the top of the pull-out plate, and stops symmetrically fixed at both ends of the pull-out plate; a lifting mechanism for lifting the beam includes an adjusting nut rotatably mounted on the lower seat plate, an adjusting screw with its lower end threadedly connected to the adjusting nut and the lower seat plate, and a top plate rotatably connected to the top of the adjusting screw; and a replacement mechanism, which has one set at each end of the lower seat plate, including a support assembly, a support rod assembly, and a pulling assembly. The support assembly is a triangular frame structure, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower seat plate end; the two ends of the support rod assembly are respectively connected to two sets of supports. The top of the support assembly is connected to lift the pulled-out plate. The pulling assembly includes a movable pulley fixed on the stop block, a fixed pulley on the support rod assembly, and a pull rope. The lifting mechanism precisely lifts the beam and creates working space. The pull rope is pulled through the pulley assembly to guide the pull-out plate to the support rod assembly for stable lifting. When the manual operation space is limited, half of the pull-out plate is pulled out on one side to complete the removal and installation of the half-plate step by step. Then, the pull rope at the other end of the lower seat plate is pulled in the opposite direction to pull out the other half of the pull-out plate to complete the replacement of the remaining plate. After the pull-out plate is reset and fixed, the beam is smoothly lowered to the preset working position of the support. The lifting mechanism and the replacement mechanism are then removed to complete the operation.

[0007] Furthermore, the base plate is fixedly mounted on the top of the spherical crown liner, and limiting blocks are fixedly mounted on both sides of its top to limit the lateral displacement of the pull-out plate; the base plate has a slot along its longitudinal direction, and there is one or more slots with a longitudinally continuous structure, which precisely fits into the locking strip on the lower surface of the pull-out plate; the base plate has two sets of mounting holes symmetrically provided at both ends for use with bolts to install and fix the two sets of stops at both ends of the base plate to limit the longitudinal movement of the pull-out plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom of the pull-out plate is provided with a longitudinally continuous locking strip, with second positioning holes at both ends of the longitudinal direction, and multiple sets of sliding plate grooves arranged in an array on the top; the locking strip is adapted to the slot structure, and is inserted into the slot and slides along the slot; the second positioning hole cooperates with the bolt group to realize the fixed connection between the two ends of the pull-out plate and the stop block respectively; the sliding plate groove is adapted to a single sliding plate and is used to fit and fix multiple sets of sliding plates.

[0009] Furthermore, the stop blocks are symmetrically fixed at both ends of the pull-out plate, and multiple sets of third positioning holes are provided on them; by passing bolts through the corresponding third positioning holes on the stop blocks, the stop blocks are fixedly connected to the base plate and the pull-out plate respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the adjusting nut is rotatably located at the adjusting hole of the lower seat plate; the lower end of the adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the adjusting nut and the lower seat plate respectively, and the top is rotatably connected to the top plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism also includes jacks and lifting seats; the jacks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support pad stone and installed on the bridge pier; the lifting seats are located on top of the jacks and below the beam.

[0012] Furthermore, the support assembly includes a vertical rod, a horizontal rod, and an inclined rod; the vertical rod is arranged vertically and abuts against the end of the support pad stone, and has strip grooves on it, which can be infinitely adjusted in height through a connecting assembly; the horizontal rod is arranged horizontally, one end of which is fixedly connected to the first positioning hole on the side of the lower base plate, and the other end of the rod extending outside the support pad stone has multiple sets of strip grooves at intervals, which are connected and fixed through a connecting assembly, so that the other end of the horizontal rod is fixedly connected to the vertical rod and the inclined rod respectively; the inclined rod has one or more inclined rods on the outside of the vertical rod, and its upper and lower ends are respectively provided with strip grooves, which are fixedly connected to the outer end of the horizontal rod and the lower end of the vertical rod through a connecting assembly, thereby forming a triangular stable structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the support rod group includes a first support rod, a second support rod, and a third support rod. The two ends of the first support rod are respectively fixed to the top of the two sets of vertical rods, and the second and third support rods are respectively fixed to the top of the corresponding inclined rods. The three are arranged in parallel.

[0014] Furthermore, the movable pulley is fixed to the corresponding third positioning hole on the stop block by a threaded connection, forming a synchronously moving whole with the pull plate; the fixed pulley is slidably installed on the third support rod of the support rod assembly, and its position can be adjusted freely along the support rod, with the number corresponding to the movable pulley; the pull rope is wound around the movable pulley and the fixed pulley.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for quick replacement of vulnerable parts of bridge bearings is also provided, comprising the following steps: S1: Fix the support components of the tripod structure to both ends of the lower base plate by connecting the components, and adjust the positions of the vertical rod, horizontal rod and diagonal rod against the support pad to form a stable triangular frame, and adjust the height steplessly to the preset height; S2: Fix the support rod assembly to the top of the support components on both sides, and adjust its height so that the upper surface is flush with the lower surface of the pull-out plate; S3: Fix the movable pulley to the blocks at both ends of the pull-out plate, and slide the fixed pulley on the third support rod of the support rod assembly. Adjust the number of pulleys according to the support specifications and wind the pull rope to set the corresponding tension ratio. S4: Small supports lift the beam by rotating the adjusting nut and driving the adjusting screw; large supports, together with jacks and lifting seats, complete the lifting of the beam, freeing up working space. S5: Remove the first screw to release the connection constraint between the stop block and the base plate, allowing the pull plate to slide longitudinally along the slot of the base plate; S6: Pull the rope to pull the pull plate along the slot through the pulley block composed of movable and fixed pulleys. The pull plate gradually falls onto the support rod block to achieve horizontal lifting. When space is limited, only half of the pull plate is pulled out on one side. On the pull plate supported by the support rod block, the operator completes the removal of the old slide plate and the fitting and installation of the new slide plate. When pulled out on one side, only half of the slide plate is replaced. S7: Pull the pull rope in the opposite direction to guide the pull-out board along the original trajectory to the initial position through the pulley system. In space-constrained scenarios, push back half of the pull-out board and pull it out from the other side to complete the replacement of the remaining skateboard. S8: Insert the second screw into the third positioning hole of the stop block, the second positioning hole of the pull plate, and the mounting hole of the base plate respectively, and tighten them to fix the pull plate and the stop block into a whole; S9: Operate the lifting mechanism to smoothly lower the beam to the preset working position of the support, dismantle the lifting mechanism and replacement mechanism, and complete the replacement of the entire support's vulnerable parts.

[0016] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. The quick replacement system of the present invention adopts a stepless adjustment design for the corresponding functional mechanisms. The lifting mechanism can be adapted to the lifting needs of small and large bearings through screw adjustment and jack dual mode. The support components of the replacement mechanism can achieve flexible adjustment of height and position. The full-length sliding structure of the pull-out mechanism is adapted to the pull-out operation of bearings of different sizes. One system can meet the replacement needs of vulnerable parts of bridge bearings of various specifications, avoiding the problem of equipping different bearings with multiple sets of fixed specification equipment in traditional solutions, and reducing equipment investment and storage costs.

[0017] 2. The quick-change system of the present invention features a support component of the replacement mechanism that achieves stepless height adjustment through the cooperation of a screw and a slotted groove. This allows for precise alignment of the upper surface of the support rod assembly with the lower surface of the pull-out plate, providing horizontal support for the pull-out plate and preventing scraping or jamming during the pulling process. The pulley assembly of the pulling component allows for flexible adjustment of the number of moving and fixed pulleys and the winding method of the pull rope, enabling adjustment of the pulling force ratio to 1, 2, 3, or even higher. This allows for matching the traction force according to the weight of the pull-out plate, solving the problems of unsmooth pull-out of large support pull-out plates and the difficulty of manual pulling.

[0018] 3. The quick replacement system of the present invention features a longitudinally continuous design for both the pull-out mechanism's locking strips and slots. Combined with the bidirectional traction function of the replacement mechanism, it enables a step-by-step operation mode where half of the pull-out plate is pulled out on one side and the slide plate is replaced in scenarios where manual operation space is limited. That is, after pulling out one side to replace half of the slide plate, it is pushed back, and then pulled out from the other side to complete the remaining part. This completely solves the problem that the entire replacement cannot be completed in narrow spaces in traditional solutions. At the same time, all mechanisms of the system are modular and detachable, which facilitates assembly and operation in confined spaces on site.

[0019] 4. The quick replacement system of this invention features a planar segmented design for the slide plate, which fits into the array of grooves in the pull-out plate. Replacement does not require complete disassembly of the support; simply pulling out the pull-out plate completes the assembly and disassembly of a single slide plate. The system's pulley system traction and stepless adjustment significantly reduce the physical exertion of manual operation, eliminating the need for laborious prying or pulling. The coordinated operation of various mechanisms forms an integrated workflow of lifting, supporting, traction, replacement, and resetting. The simplified operation steps effectively shorten the replacement period for easily damaged support parts and improve on-site work efficiency.

[0020] 5. The quick replacement system of the present invention is composed of independent modules such as a lower base plate, a spherical crown, a pull-out mechanism, a lifting mechanism, and a replacement mechanism. The internal components of each module are also designed for detachable assembly, and the weight and volume facilitate on-site transportation and handling. The modules are precisely connected through positioning holes, bolts, etc. On-site assembly does not require complex auxiliary equipment and can be completed manually. It is suitable for the working conditions on the bridge site and reduces the requirements for construction equipment and site.

[0021] 6. The quick replacement system of the present invention has a structure and size depth that are well adapted between the various mechanisms. The positioning holes and adjustment holes of the lower base plate provide a precise installation benchmark for the replacement mechanism and the lifting mechanism. The stop of the pull-out mechanism provides a fixed traction node for the pulling component of the replacement mechanism. The lifting height of the lifting mechanism can be precisely matched with the working space requirements of the replacement mechanism and the pull-out mechanism. The various mechanisms cooperate without interference, ensuring that the entire replacement operation is carried out smoothly and reducing the time for on-site debugging and adjustment. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a bridge bearing vulnerable component quick replacement system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the pull-out mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the replacement mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component and support rod assembly in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pulling component in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the pulling assembly applicable to small supports in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the pulling assembly applicable to large supports in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the lifting mechanism portion of the structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism lifting a small support in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism performing the lifting of a large support in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1-Lower base plate, including: 101-first positioning hole, 102-adjustment hole; 2-Spherical crown, including: 21-Spherical sliding plate, 22-Spherical crown liner; 3-Upper seat plate; 4-Anchor bolts; 5-Pull-out mechanism, including: 51-Base plate, 511-Limit block, 512-Slot, 513-Mounting hole, 52-Pull-out plate, 521-Clamping strip, 522-Second positioning hole, 53-Slide plate, 54-Stop block, 541-Third positioning hole, 55-Bolt assembly, 551-First screw, 552-Second screw; 6-Lifting mechanism, including: 61-Adjusting nut, 62-Adjusting screw, 63-Top plate, 64-Jack, 65-Lifting seat; 7- Replacement mechanism, including: 71- Support assembly, 711- Vertical rod, 712- Horizontal rod, 713- Diagonal rod, 72- Support rod group, 721- First support rod, 722- Second support rod, 723- Third support rod, 73- Pulling assembly, 731- Movable pulley, 732- Fixed pulley, 733- Pull rope, 74- Connecting assembly, 741- Connecting screw, 742- Connecting nut; 8-Support pad stone; 9-Bridge pier. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0025] like Figure 1-10As shown, the present invention provides a quick replacement system for vulnerable parts of bridge bearings, including a lower bearing plate 1, a spherical crown 2, an upper bearing plate 3, a pull-out mechanism 5, a lifting mechanism 6, and a replacement mechanism 7. The pull-out mechanism 5 is located between the spherical crown 2 and the upper bearing plate 3, and includes a base plate 51, a pull-out plate 52 that is slidably limited at the top of the base plate 51, multiple sets of sliding plates 53 arrayed and embedded at the top of the pull-out plate 52, and stops 54 symmetrically fixed at both ends of the pull-out plate 52; the lifting mechanism 6 includes an adjusting nut 61 rotatably mounted on the lower bearing plate 1, an adjusting screw 62 whose lower end is threadedly connected to the adjusting nut 61 and the lower bearing plate 1 respectively, and a top plate 63 rotatably connected to the top of the adjusting screw 62; The replacement mechanism 7 is provided at each end of the lower seat plate 1, including a support assembly 71, a support rod assembly 72 and a pulling assembly 73. The support assembly 71 is a triangular frame structure, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the lower seat plate 1. The two ends of the support rod assembly 72 are respectively connected to the top of the two support assemblies 71 to support the pulled-out pull plate 52. The pulling assembly 73 includes a movable pulley 731 fixed on the stop block 54, a fixed pulley 732 on the support rod assembly 72, and a pull rope 733. The replacement system of this invention uses a lifting mechanism 6 to lift the beam, pull the rope 733 to pull out the pull plate 52 onto the support rod assembly 72. When space is limited, half of it can be pulled out from one side to replace part of the slide plate 53. After that, it is pushed back, and then the remaining part of the pull plate 52 is pulled out from the other side to replace the slide plate 53. After the pull plate 52 is reset and fixed, the beam is lowered to complete the replacement of the entire bearing slide plate. The system of this invention achieves efficient and safe replacement of bridge bearing slide plates through modular and adjustable component design. It is compatible with bridge bearings of different specifications, solves the problem of limited space for manual operation, reduces the difficulty of replacement, and improves on-site operation efficiency.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of the invention, the lower base plate 1 is anchored on the support pad 8 to support the upper structural components; a ball groove is provided at the center of the top of the lower base plate 1 for installing the spherical crown 2; furthermore, adjustment holes 102 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the ball groove, which are adapted to the adjustment screw 62 and adjustment nut 61 of the lifting mechanism 6. The lower end of the adjustment screw 62 can pass through the adjustment hole 102 to form a threaded connection with the lower base plate 1. The adjustment screw 62 can be raised or lowered by rotating the adjustment nut 61 at the adjustment hole 102. This leads to the top plate 63 completing height adjustment; furthermore, the lower base plate 1 is provided with first positioning holes 101 symmetrically on both sides. The first positioning holes 101 are adapted to the adjusting screw 62 and adjusting nut 61 of the lifting mechanism 6. The lower end of the adjusting screw 62 can pass through the adjusting hole 102 to form a threaded connection with the lower base plate 1. By rotating the adjusting nut 61 at the adjusting hole 102, the adjusting screw 62 is raised and lowered, thereby driving the top plate 63 to complete height adjustment, realizing the stepless height adjustment function of the lifting mechanism 6.

[0027] The spherical crown 2 includes a spherical sliding plate 21 and a spherical crown liner 22. The spherical sliding plate 21 is fixedly disposed in a spherical groove provided at the top center of the lower seat plate 1, forming a friction pair with the spherical crown liner 22. When the spherical crown liner 22 rotates, it provides a low-friction sliding interface, reduces rotational resistance, and ensures flexible and durable rotation.

[0028] The upper seat plate 1 is slidably disposed on the top of the pull-out mechanism 5, and is anchored to the upper beam body by anchor bolts 4.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of the invention, the pull-out mechanism 5 is located between the spherical crown 2 and the upper seat plate 3. Through a sliding adaptation design, it enables the pull-out plate to slide freely longitudinally. This, combined with the replacement mechanism 7, allows for the pull-out replacement of the sliding plate, balancing structural stability during normal operation of the support with ease of operation during replacement. This effectively solves the problems of component jamming and limited operating space in traditional replacement methods. The pull-out mechanism 5 includes a base plate 51, a pull-out plate 52, a sliding plate 53, a stop block 54, and a bolt assembly 55.

[0030] The base plate 51 is fixedly mounted on the top of the spherical crown liner 22, providing a stable mounting support surface for the entire pull-out mechanism. Limiting blocks 511 are fixedly provided on both sides of the top of the base plate 51 to limit the lateral displacement of the pull-out plate 52 and prevent the pull-out plate 52 from sliding excessively and detaching from the base plate 51. Furthermore, the top of the base plate 51 has a slot 512 along the longitudinal direction. The slot 512 has one or more sets and adopts a longitudinal continuous structure. It is precisely engaged with the locking strip 521 on the lower surface of the pull-out plate 52 to form the core guiding structure for the sliding of the pull-out plate 52, ensuring that the pull-out plate 52 slides smoothly along the longitudinal direction of the slot 512. Furthermore, the base plate 51 has two sets of mounting holes 513 symmetrically provided at both ends for cooperating with the bolt group 55 to install and fix the two sets of stop blocks 54 at both ends of the base plate 51, thereby limiting the longitudinal movement of the pull-out plate 52.

[0031] The base plate 51 bears the load of the upper components such as the pull-out plate 52 and the slide plate 53, and provides precise sliding guidance and limit for the pull-out plate through the slot 512 to prevent the pull-out plate from deviating or getting stuck during the sliding process. At the same time, the limit block 511 limits the maximum sliding stroke of the pull-out plate to ensure the safety of operation.

[0032] The pull-out plate 52 is slidably limited at the top of the base plate 51, serving as a direct mounting carrier for the slide plate 53. A longitudinally continuous retaining strip 521 is provided at the corresponding location on the bottom of the pull-out plate 52. This retaining strip 521 is adapted to the structure of the retaining groove 512. By embedding into and sliding along the retaining groove 512, the pull-out plate 52 can slide freely longitudinally on the support. Its continuous design is suitable for work scenarios with limited operating space, enabling bidirectional pull-out. Furthermore, the pull-out plate 52 has second positioning holes 522 at both longitudinal ends. These holes, in conjunction with bolt groups 55, allow for the fixed connection of both ends of the pull-out plate 52 to the stop blocks 54. Further, the top of the pull-out plate 52 is arrayed with multiple sets of slide plate grooves. These grooves are adapted to individual slide plates 53, used to fit and fix multiple sets of slide plates 53, ensuring the installation stability of the slide plates during operation on the support, and facilitating the removal of old slide plates and the insertion of new ones during replacement operations.

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, the pull-out plate 52 is generally square in shape, which is adapted to the bearing area of ​​the support. The interlocking design of the locking strip 521 and the locking groove 512 ensures that the pull-out plate 52 slides without shaking or jamming. The continuous structure breaks through the limitation of operating space, and even in a large support and narrow working environment, it can realize the step-by-step replacement mode of pulling out half of one side. The pull-out plate 52 carries and fixes multiple sets of sliding plates 53. Through the sliding cooperation of the locking strip 521 and the locking groove 512, it realizes longitudinal free sliding, which drives the sliding plate 53 to complete the operation of pulling out and resetting.

[0034] The sliding plate 53 is a core vulnerable component of the bridge bearing. It is arrayed and embedded in the sliding plate grooves on the top of the pull-out plate 52. It is a functional component that directly participates in the friction and pressure bearing of the bridge bearing. Together with the spherical sliding plate 21 of the spherical crown 2, it forms the friction protection system of the bearing. The sliding plate 53 adopts a planar segmented design, which corresponds one-to-one with the arrayed sliding plate grooves of the pull-out plate 52. The single-piece structure facilitates disassembly and replacement without the need to disassemble the entire bearing, greatly reducing the difficulty of replacement. Its material is a special material with wear-resistant and low-friction properties, which is suitable for the dynamic pressure bearing and rotational sliding requirements of the bridge bearing. During the operation of the bearing, the sliding plate 53 directly contacts the upper bearing plate 3 to form a friction pair, reducing frictional loss during the rotation and sliding of the bearing and ensuring the rotational flexibility and structural durability of the bearing. As the core object of the replacement operation, its segmented design combined with the sliding function of the pull-out plate realizes efficient and rapid disassembly and replacement.

[0035] The stop block 54 is symmetrically fixed at both ends of the pull plate 52, and has multiple sets of third positioning holes 541. It serves as both a traction connection component and a fixed connection component of the pull mechanism 5, and has multiple functions including pull-out traction, bolt connection, and pulley installation. When the stop block 54 is connected to the pull plate 52, the second screw 552 of the bolt group 55 passes through the corresponding third positioning hole 541 and is threadedly connected to the second positioning hole 522 of the pull plate 52, connecting the stop block 54 and the pull plate 52 into a whole, forming the force-bearing end of the pull-out traction. The stop block 54 and the base plate 51 During connection, the first screw 511 of the fixing bolt 55 passes through the corresponding third positioning hole 541 and is threadedly connected to the mounting hole 513, fixing the stop 54 to both ends of the base plate 51. This longitudinally limits the pull plate 52, preventing it from slipping under force during normal operation. It ensures that the pull plate 52 and the sliding plate 53 are always in the preset working position, maintaining the normal rotation and sliding performance of the support. This avoids problems such as uneven force on the support and increased wear of the sliding plate caused by the pull plate's movement, ensuring the overall operational safety and durability of the bridge support. When the stop 54 is connected to the replacement mechanism 7, it connects the corresponding third positioning hole 541 to the mounting bracket of the movable pulley 731, becoming the traction node for pulling out and resetting the pull plate, transmitting the traction force of the pull rope.

[0036] The bolt assembly 55 includes a first screw 551 and a second screw 552. The first screw 551 is used to fix the stop block 54 to both ends of the base plate 51. After passing through the third positioning holes 541 provided at both ends of the stop block 54, it is threadedly connected to the mounting holes 513 of the base plate 51 to complete the fixed connection between the stop block 54 and the base plate 51. The second screw 552 is used to fix the stop block 54 to the pull plate 52. After passing through the corresponding three positioning holes 541 provided in the middle of the stop block 54, it is threadedly connected to the second positioning hole 522 of the pull plate 52 to complete the fixed connection between the stop block 54 and the pull plate 52. Furthermore, the second screw 552 is longer than the first screw 551, which increases the connection strength with the pull-out plate 52 and prevents the pull-out plate from loosening or detaching from the stop block during sliding and load-bearing. After the second screw 552 is screwed into the second positioning hole 522, there is still a relatively long rod body remaining outside the stop block 54, which can be used for supports with particularly small tonnage. The pull-out plate 52 can be pulled out by hand by pulling the second screw 552 directly. Furthermore, the exposed rod body of the second screw 552 is limited and connected to the mounting bracket of the movable pulley 731. After the second screw 552 passes through the bottom of the U-shaped mounting bracket, it is connected to the pull-out plate 52. The bolt head is used for limiting the force, thereby cooperating with the pulling assembly 73 to pull out the pull-out plate 52 for replacement.

[0037] like Figure 8-10As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the lifting mechanism 6 is used to lift the beam body, providing the necessary working space for the replacement of vulnerable parts of the support. It can flexibly adapt to the working mode according to the lifting requirements of supports of different sizes, and has the functions of stepless height adjustment and pressure sharing. It effectively solves the problems of poor adaptability and lack of pressure sharing design of traditional lifting devices, greatly improves the safety, adaptability and operation convenience of lifting operations, and reduces the difficulty of manual operation.

[0038] The lifting mechanism 6 includes an adjusting nut 61, an adjusting screw 62, and a top plate 63. The adjusting nut 61 is rotatably located at the adjusting hole 102 of the lower base plate 1 and is fully compatible with the thread specification of the adjusting screw 62. By rotating the adjusting nut 61, the adjusting screw 62 is driven to move vertically up and down, thereby transmitting power to the top plate 63 to achieve height adjustment. At the same time, the self-locking characteristic of the thread can fix the height of the top plate after it is lifted into place, preventing the top plate 63 from falling back and ensuring the safety of the lifting operation. The adjusting screw 62 is the power transmission and load-bearing component of the lifting mechanism. Its lower end is threadedly connected to the adjusting nut 61 and the lower seat plate 1, and its top end is rotatably connected to the top plate 63. The top plate 63 is the load-bearing and transmission component of the lifting mechanism. It is rotatably connected to the top of the adjusting screw 62 and distributes the lifting force transmitted by the adjusting screw 62 evenly to the beam or lifting beam, avoiding local pressure damage to the structure. In the lifting of small supports, it directly serves as the lifting end to achieve stepless height adjustment of the beam. In the lifting of large supports, it bears part of the load of the jack, realizes pressure sharing, and improves the overall stability of the lifting system.

[0039] Furthermore, for large supports, the lifting mechanism 6 also includes jacks 64 and lifting seats 65; the jacks 64 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support pad 8 and installed on the pier 9; the lifting seats 65 are located on top of the jacks 64 and below the beam; during operation, the jacks 64 and the lifting seats 65 are assembled to the preset position, and the lifting seats 65 and the beam are lifted to the preset height by hydraulic control of the jacks 64.

[0040] like Figure 3-7 As shown, the replacement mechanism 7 is used to slide and lift the pull-out plate 52. It is symmetrically arranged at both ends of the lower seat plate 1, working in conjunction with the pull-out mechanism 5 and the lifting mechanism 6 to provide stable support and convenient traction power for plate replacement. This solves the problems of poor support adjustability, fixed traction force, and limited operating space leading to jamming and high operational difficulty in traditional replacement methods. This mechanism allows for stepless adjustment of support height and flexible switching of traction force ratio, adapting to the operational needs of different support specifications and complex operating spaces. It significantly reduces manual operation intensity and improves the efficiency and safety of plate replacement. It includes a support assembly 71, a support rod assembly 72, a pulling assembly 73, and a connecting assembly 74.

[0041] The support component 71 is the mounting and bearing base for the support rod group 72 and the pulling component 73, providing stable vertical and horizontal support for the entire replacement mechanism. It is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower seat plate 1, adopts a triangular frame structure, and includes a vertical rod 711, a horizontal rod 712 and a diagonal rod 713.

[0042] The vertical rod 711 is arranged in a vertical direction and abuts against the end of the support pad 8 to ensure a vertical state; the vertical rod 711 is provided with a strip groove, and its height can be flexibly adjusted through the connecting component 74 to adapt to various types of supports.

[0043] The horizontal bar 712 is arranged in a horizontal direction. One end of it is fixedly connected to the first positioning hole 101 provided on the side of the lower seat plate 1. The other end of the bar extending to the outside of the support pad 8 is provided with multiple sets of strip grooves at intervals. It is connected and fixed by the connecting component 74, so that the other end of the horizontal bar 712 is fixedly connected to the vertical bar 71 and the diagonal bar 713 respectively, providing lateral positioning and horizontal load bearing for the support component 71.

[0044] The inclined rod 713 has one or more inclined sections on the outside of the vertical rod 711. The upper and lower ends of the rod are respectively provided with strip grooves. The connecting components 74 are used to fix the rod to the outer end of the horizontal rod 712 and the lower end of the vertical rod 711, thereby forming a triangular stable structure, dispersing the vertical and horizontal loads, improving the overall stability of the support components, and preventing tilting and collapse during operation.

[0045] The support rod group 72 is used to support the pull-out plate 52. Its two ends are fixedly connected to the top of the support components 71 on both sides of the lower seat plate 1, and it includes two or more sets of parallel support rods. Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the support rods are provided in three sets, including a first support rod 721, a second support rod 722 and a third support rod 723. The two ends of the first support rod 721 are fixed to the top of two sets of vertical rods 711, and the second support rod 722 and the third support rod 723 are fixed to the top of the corresponding diagonal rods 713. The three are arranged in parallel and form a horizontal frame structure. The rod body is made of high-strength steel and has sufficient bending and compressive strength to withstand the overall weight of the pull-out plate 52 and multiple sets of sliding plates 53.

[0046] The connecting component 74 is used to fix the support component 71. It includes a connecting screw 741 and connecting nuts 742 that are threaded to both ends of the connecting screw 741. By inserting the connecting screw 741 into the corresponding slot, adjusting the relative position of the rods by sliding the screw, and tightening the nuts to complete the fixation, the support height and position of the support rod assembly 72 can be infinitely adjusted. This allows for modular and detachable assembly of the support rod assembly 72, facilitating on-site transportation, installation, and storage. Through the sliding of the connecting screw 741 and the locking of the connecting nuts 742, the support component can be infinitely heightened and its position flexibly adjusted, enabling the replacement mechanism 7 to accurately adapt to the needs of different specifications of supports and different working spaces. At the same time, it ensures the rigidity and stability of the connection of each component, distributes the load during operation, and improves the structural reliability of the entire replacement mechanism.

[0047] The installation height of the support rod assembly 72 is precisely adjustable via the stepless height adjustment of the support component 71, ensuring that the upper surface of the support rod assembly is flush with the lower surface of the pull-out plate 52. This prevents jamming or scraping during the pull-out process and ensures smooth sliding of the pull-out plate. After the pull-out plate 52 is pulled out from the pull-out mechanism 5, it is directly supported on the support rod assembly 72, keeping the pull-out plate 52 in a horizontal and stable state. This provides ample operating space for operators to remove the old slide plate and install the new one. At the same time, it bears the weight load of the pull-out plate 52, preventing deformation or displacement caused by the pull-out plate 52 being suspended in the air, and ensuring the smooth progress of the slide plate replacement operation.

[0048] The pulling assembly 73 is used to smoothly pull out and reset the pull-out plate 52. It includes a movable pulley 731, a fixed pulley 732, and a pull rope 733. The movable pulley 731 is fixed to the corresponding third positioning hole 541 on the stop block 54 by a threaded connection, forming a synchronously moving whole with the pull-out plate 52. Its number can be adjusted according to the weight of the pull-out plate 52. The fixed pulley 732 is slidably installed on the third support rod 723 of the support rod assembly 72. It can slide freely along the support rod to adjust its position. Its number corresponds one-to-one with the movable pulley 731 and maintains the same horizontal and vertical plane as the movable pulley to ensure smooth force on the pull rope. The pull rope 733 is wound around the pulley assembly composed of the movable pulley 731 and the fixed pulley 732.

[0049] like Figure 6-7 As shown in the embodiment of the invention, different tension ratios can be achieved by changing the winding method of the pull rope 733 and the pulley block to adapt to the operational requirements of small, large, and extra-large supports: When the end of the pull rope is bound to a fixed pulley and it wraps around the movable pulley once: the pull-out force of the pull plate = 2 × the pull rope tension (1 / 2P, where P is the tension on the pull plate), which is suitable for conventional small supports; When the end of the pull rope is bound to a movable pulley and it wraps around both the movable and fixed pulleys once: the pull-out force of the pull plate = 3 × the pull rope tension (1 / 3P), which is suitable for large and heavy supports; for extra-large supports, the number of pulley blocks can be increased to achieve more efficient tension ratio adjustment.

[0050] By incorporating a pulling component 73, the manual traction force is amplified through a pulley system, significantly reducing the manual operation intensity of pulling out and resetting the pull-out panel. The sliding characteristics of the pulleys and the flexible adjustment of the pulling force ratio ensure that the pull-out panel is subjected to uniform force and moves smoothly during the sliding process, effectively solving the problems of the pull-out panel getting stuck or not pulling out smoothly in scenarios with large supports or limited space. At the same time, the pulley system can be used to achieve bidirectional traction of the pull-out panel, adapting to step-by-step replacement operations in space-constrained scenarios.

[0051] In this embodiment of the invention, when the replacement mechanism 7 is in operation, the support assembly 71 is fixed to both ends of the lower base plate 1 by the connecting assembly 74. The positions of the vertical rod 711, horizontal rod 712, and diagonal rod 713 are adjusted against the support pad 8 to form a triangular stable frame. The top of the support assembly is adjusted to a preset height by stepless height adjustment. The support rod group 72 is installed on the top of the support assemblies 71 on both sides, and its height is adjusted to be flush with the lower surface of the pull-out plate 52. The movable pulley 731 is installed on the stop block 54, and the fixed pulley 732 is installed on the support rod group 72. The pull rope 733 is wound according to the support specifications and the tension ratio is adjusted. After the lifting mechanism 6 lifts the beam, the constraint between the pull-out plate 52 and the base plate 51 is released. The pull rope 733 is pulled manually, and the pull-out plate 52 is driven along the pulley group by the traction force of the pulley group. The base plate 51 slides longitudinally through the slot 512, and the pull-out plate 52 gradually falls onto the support rod group 72 during the pulling process, which is then horizontally supported by the support rod group 72. After the pull-out plate 52 is supported by the support rod group 72, the operator removes the old slide plate 53 and installs the new slide plate. After installation, the pull rope 733 is pulled in the opposite direction, and the pull-out plate 52 is pulled back along the original track by the pulley group. Then, the pull-out plate 52 is fixed to the base plate 51 and the stop block 54 as a whole by the bolt group 55. If the working space is limited and the pull-out plate cannot be fully pulled out from one side, half of the pull-out plate can be pulled out from one side first. After replacing half of the slide plate, it can be pushed back to its original position. Then, the pull rope 733 is pulled out from the other side to complete the replacement of the remaining half of the slide plate. The two-way traction characteristics of the pulley group are used to realize the step-by-step operation.

[0052] The quick replacement system of this invention features a stepless adjustment design for its corresponding functional mechanisms. The lifting mechanism can adapt to the lifting needs of small and large bearings through both screw adjustment and jack dual-mode operation. The support components of the replacement mechanism can achieve flexible adjustment of height and position. The continuous sliding structure of the pull-out mechanism is adapted to the pull-out operation of bearings of different sizes. One system can meet the replacement needs of vulnerable parts of bridge bearings of various specifications, avoiding the problem of equipping different bearings with multiple sets of fixed specification equipment in traditional solutions, and reducing equipment investment and storage costs.

[0053] The quick-change system of this invention features a support component for the replacement mechanism that achieves stepless height adjustment through the cooperation of a screw and a slotted groove. This allows for precise alignment of the upper surface of the support rod assembly with the lower surface of the pull-out plate, providing horizontal support for the pull-out plate and preventing scraping or jamming during the pull-out process. The pulley assembly of the pulling component allows for flexible adjustment of the number of moving and fixed pulleys and the winding method of the pull rope, enabling 1x, 2x, 3x, or even higher pulling force ratio adjustments. This allows for matching the traction force according to the weight of the pull-out plate, solving the problems of unsmooth pull-out of large support pull-out plates and the difficulty of manual pulling.

[0054] The quick-change system of this invention features a longitudinally continuous design for both the pull-out mechanism's locking strips and slots. Combined with the bidirectional traction function of the change mechanism, it enables a step-by-step operation mode where half of the pull-out plate is pulled out on one side and the slide plate is changed in scenarios where manual operation space is limited. That is, after pulling out one side to replace half of the slide plate, it is pushed back, and then pulled out from the other side to complete the remaining part. This completely solves the problem that traditional solutions cannot complete the overall replacement in narrow spaces. At the same time, all mechanisms of the system are modular and detachable, which facilitates assembly and operation in confined spaces on site.

[0055] The quick replacement system of this invention features a planar segmented design for the slide plate, which fits into the array of grooves in the pull-out plate. Replacement does not require complete disassembly of the support; simply pulling out the pull-out plate completes the assembly and disassembly of a single slide plate. The system's pulley system traction and stepless adjustment significantly reduce the physical exertion required for manual operation, eliminating the need for laborious prying or pulling. The coordinated mechanisms form an integrated operation process of lifting, supporting, traction, replacement, and resetting, simplifying the operation and effectively shortening the replacement period for vulnerable support components, thus improving on-site work efficiency.

[0056] The quick replacement system of the present invention is composed of independent modules such as a lower base plate, a spherical crown, a pull-out mechanism, a lifting mechanism, and a replacement mechanism. The internal components of each module are also designed for detachable assembly, and the weight and volume facilitate on-site transportation and handling. The modules are precisely connected through positioning holes, bolts, etc. On-site assembly does not require complex auxiliary equipment and can be completed manually. It is suitable for the working conditions on bridge sites and reduces the requirements for construction equipment and sites.

[0057] The quick replacement system of this invention features a structure and size depth that are well-matched between various mechanisms. The positioning holes and adjustment holes of the lower base plate provide a precise installation reference for the replacement mechanism and the lifting mechanism. The stop block of the pull-out mechanism provides a fixed traction node for the pulling component of the replacement mechanism. The lifting height of the lifting mechanism can be precisely matched with the working space requirements of the replacement mechanism and the pull-out mechanism. All mechanisms work together without interference, ensuring a smooth replacement process and reducing the time for on-site debugging and adjustment.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, a method for quick replacement of vulnerable parts of bridge bearings is also provided, comprising the following steps: S1: Fix the support component 71 of the tripod structure to both ends of the lower base plate 1 by connecting component 74, and adjust the position of vertical rod 711, horizontal rod 712 and diagonal rod 713 against the support pad 8 to form a triangular stable frame, and infinitely adjust the height to the preset height. S2: Fix the support rod assembly 72 to the top of the two side support components 71, and adjust its height so that the upper surface is flush with the lower surface of the pull-out plate 52. S3: Fix the movable pulley 731 to the stop blocks 54 at both ends of the pull-out plate 52, and slide the fixed pulley 732 on the third support rod 723 of the support rod group 72. Adjust the number of pulleys according to the support specifications and wind the pull rope 733 to set the corresponding tension ratio. S4: The small support lifts the beam by rotating the adjusting nut 61 and driving the adjusting screw 62 to lift the beam body by the top plate 63; the large support, together with the jack 64 and the lifting seat 65, completes the lifting of the beam body and frees up the working space. S5: Remove the first screw 551, release the connection constraint between the stop block 54 and the base plate 51, and allow the pull plate 52 to slide longitudinally along the slot 512 of the base plate 51. S6: Pull the rope 733, and the pull plate 52 will slide along the slot 512 through the pulley group composed of the movable pulley 731 and the fixed pulley 732. The pull plate 52 will gradually fall onto the support rod group 72 to achieve horizontal lifting. When space is limited, only half of the pull plate 52 can be pulled out on one side. The operator can complete the removal of the old slide plate 53 and the fitting and installation of the new slide plate 53 on the pull plate 52 supported by the support rod group 72. When pulled out on one side, only half of the slide plate 53 can be replaced. S7: Pull the pull rope 733 in the opposite direction to pull the pull plate 52 along the original trajectory to the initial position through the pulley group. In the case of limited space, push back half of the pull plate 52 and pull it out from the other side to complete the replacement of the remaining skateboard 53. S8: Insert the second screw 552 into the third positioning hole 541 of the stop block 54, the second positioning hole 522 of the pull plate 52 and the mounting hole 513 of the base plate 51 respectively, tighten them and then fix the pull plate 52 and the stop block 54 into a whole. S9: Operate the lifting mechanism 6 to smoothly lower the beam to the preset working position of the support, remove the lifting mechanism 6 and the replacement mechanism 7, and complete the replacement of the entire support's vulnerable parts.

[0059] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick replacement system for vulnerable parts of bridge bearings, characterized in that, include: The upper seat plate (3), the spherical crown (2) and the lower seat plate (1) are arranged from top to bottom. The pull-out mechanism (5) located between the spherical crown (2) and the upper seat plate (3) includes a base plate (51), a pull-out plate (52) with sliding limit set on the top of the base plate (51), multiple sets of sliding plates (53) embedded in the top of the pull-out plate (52), and stops (54) symmetrically fixed at both ends of the pull-out plate (52). The lifting mechanism (6) for lifting the beam includes an adjusting nut (61) rotatably mounted on the lower seat plate (1), an adjusting screw (62) whose lower end rod is threadedly connected to the adjusting nut (61) and the lower seat plate (1) respectively, and a top plate (63) rotatably connected to the top of the adjusting screw (62). The replacement mechanism (7) is provided at both ends of the lower seat plate (1), including a support assembly (71), a support rod assembly (72) and a pulling assembly (73). The support assembly (71) is a triangular frame structure, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower seat plate (1). The two ends of the support rod assembly (72) are respectively connected to the top of the two support assemblies (71) to support the pulled-out pull plate (52). The pulling assembly (73) includes a movable pulley (731) fixed on the stop block (54), a fixed pulley (732) on the support rod assembly (72), and a pull rope (733). The beam is precisely lifted by the lifting mechanism (6) to create working space. The pull rope (733) is pulled through the pulley block to pull the pull plate (52) to the support rod group (72) to achieve stable lifting. When the manual operation space is limited, the pull plate (52) is pulled out half on one side. The removal and installation of the half slide plate (53) are completed step by step. Then, the pull rope (733) at the other end of the lower seat plate (1) is pulled out to pull out the other half of the pull plate (52) to complete the replacement of the remaining slide plate (53). After the pull plate (52) is reset and fixed, the beam is smoothly lowered to the preset working position of the support. The lifting mechanism (6) and the replacement mechanism (7) are removed to complete the operation.

2. The bridge bearing wear part quick replacement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base plate (51) is fixedly mounted on the top of the spherical crown liner (22), and limit blocks (511) are fixedly mounted on both sides of its top to limit the lateral displacement of the pull plate (52). The base plate (51) has a slot (512) along the longitudinal direction. The slot (512) has one or more slots and adopts a longitudinal through-length structure. It is precisely fitted with the strip (521) on the lower surface of the pull plate (52). The base plate (51) has two sets of mounting holes (513) symmetrically mounted at both ends for use with bolt groups (55) to install and fix the two sets of stops (54) at both ends of the base plate (51) to limit the longitudinal displacement of the pull plate (52).

3. The bridge bearing wear part quick replacement system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the pull-out plate (52) is provided with a longitudinally continuous locking strip (521), and the two ends of the longitudinal strip are provided with second positioning holes (522). The top is provided with multiple sets of sliding plate grooves in an array. The locking strip (521) is adapted to the structure of the slot (512) and is inserted into the slot (512) and slides along the slot (512). The second positioning hole (522) is cooperated with the bolt group (55) to realize the fixed connection between the two ends of the pull-out plate (52) and the stop block (54). The sliding plate groove is adapted to a single sliding plate (53) and is used to fit and fix multiple sets of sliding plates (53).

4. A quick replacement system for vulnerable bridge bearing parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The stop block (54) is symmetrically fixed at both ends of the pull plate (52), and multiple sets of third positioning holes (541) are provided on it; by passing the bolt group (55) through the corresponding third positioning holes (541) on the stop block (54), the stop block (54) is fixedly connected to the base plate (51) and the pull plate (52) respectively.

5. A quick replacement system for vulnerable bridge bearing parts according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The adjusting nut (61) is rotatably located at the adjusting hole (102) of the lower seat plate (1); the lower end of the adjusting screw (62) is threadedly connected to the adjusting nut (61) and the lower seat plate (1), and the top end is rotatably connected to the top plate (63).

6. A quick replacement system for vulnerable bridge bearing parts according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism (6) also includes a jack (64) and a lifting seat (65); the jack (64) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support pad (8) and installed on the pier (9); the lifting seat (65) is located on top of the jack (64) and below the beam.

7. A quick replacement system for vulnerable bridge bearing parts according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The support assembly (71) includes a vertical rod (711), a horizontal rod (712), and a diagonal rod (713). The vertical rod (711) is arranged in the vertical direction and is attached to the end of the support pad (8). It is provided with a strip groove and can be infinitely adjusted in height through the connecting component (74). The horizontal bar (712) is arranged in a horizontal direction. One end of it is fixedly connected to the first positioning hole (101) provided on the side of the lower seat plate (1). The other end of the bar extending to the outside of the support pad (8) is provided with multiple sets of strip grooves. It is connected and fixed by the connecting assembly (74) so ​​that the other end of the horizontal bar (712) is fixedly connected to the vertical bar (711) and the diagonal bar (713) respectively. The inclined bar (713) is provided with one or more inclined sections on the outside of the vertical bar (711), and the upper and lower ends of the bar are respectively provided with strip grooves. Through the connecting component (74), it is fixedly connected to the outer end of the horizontal bar (712) and the lower end of the vertical bar (711) to form a triangular stable structure.

8. A quick replacement system for vulnerable parts of bridge bearings according to claim 7, characterized in that, The support rod group (72) includes a first support rod (721), a second support rod (722) and a third support rod (723). The first support rod (721) is fixed at both ends to the top of two sets of vertical rods (711), and the second support rod (722) and the third support rod (723) are fixed at the top of the corresponding diagonal rods (713). The three are arranged in parallel.

9. A quick replacement system for vulnerable bridge bearing parts according to claim 8, characterized in that, The movable pulley (731) is fixed to the corresponding third positioning hole (541) on the stop block (54) by a threaded connection, forming a synchronously moving whole with the pull plate (52); the fixed pulley (732) is slidably installed on the third support rod (723) of the support rod group (72), and its position is adjusted freely along the support rod (723), and its number corresponds to the movable pulley (731); the pull rope (733) is wound around the movable pulley (731) and the fixed pulley (732).

10. A method for quick replacement of vulnerable parts of bridge bearings, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Fix the support component (71) of the tripod structure to both ends of the lower base plate (1) by connecting component (74), and adjust the position of the vertical rod (711), horizontal rod (712), and diagonal rod (713) against the support pad (8) to form a triangular stable frame, and infinitely adjust the height to the preset height; S2: Fix the support rod assembly (72) to the top of the two side support components (71) and adjust its height so that the upper surface is flush with the lower surface of the pull plate (52); S3: Fix the movable pulley (731) on the stop blocks (54) at both ends of the pull plate (52), and slide the fixed pulley (732) on the third support rod (723) of the support rod assembly (72). Adjust the number of pulleys according to the support specifications and wind the pull rope (733) to set the corresponding tension ratio. S4: The small support lifts the beam by rotating the adjusting nut (61) and driving the adjusting screw (62) to lift the top plate (63); the large support, together with the jack (64) and the lifting seat (65), completes the lifting of the beam and frees up the working space. S5: Remove the first screw (551), release the connection constraint between the stop block (54) and the base plate (51), and let the pull plate (52) slide longitudinally along the slot (512) of the base plate (51); S6: Pull the pull rope (733), and the pull plate (52) will slide along the slot (512) through the pulley group composed of the movable pulley (731) and the fixed pulley (732). The pull plate (52) will gradually fall on the support rod group (72) to achieve horizontal lifting. When space is limited, only half of the pull plate (52) can be pulled out on one side. The operator can complete the removal of the old slide plate (53) and the fitting and installation of the new slide plate (53) on the pull plate (52) supported by the support rod group (72). When pulled out on one side, only half of the slide plate (53) can be replaced. S7: Pull the pull rope (733) in the opposite direction to pull the pull plate (52) along the original trajectory to the initial position through the pulley group. In the case of limited space, push back half of the pull plate (52) and pull out the pull plate (52) from the other side to complete the replacement of the remaining skateboard (53). S8: Insert the second screw (552) into the third positioning hole (541) of the stop block (54), the second positioning hole (522) of the pull plate (52) and the mounting hole (513) of the base plate (51), tighten them, and then fix the pull plate (52) and the stop block (54) into a whole again; S9: Operate the lifting mechanism (6) to smoothly lower the beam to the preset working position of the support, remove the lifting mechanism (6) and the replacement mechanism (7) to complete the replacement of the entire support's vulnerable parts.

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