Limiting type shock-absorbing bridge support

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of bridge or building bearing technology, specifically a limiting-type vibration-damping bridge bearing, comprising a base plate, a lower bearing plate, a middle bearing plate, and an upper bearing plate arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The bearing forms a multi-directional limiting structure by setting limiting structures in the horizontal movement direction, vertical direction, and rotation direction. This utility model provides a vibration-damping bridge bearing with multi-directional limiting function. By limiting the bearing in the horizontal movement direction, vertical direction, and rotation direction, it effectively avoids the problem of excessive bearing displacement under seismic action. The combination of tensile screws and tensile plates strengthens the connection with the upper and lower structures, preventing safety hazards caused by connection failure in traditional designs, and improving the overall stability and seismic performance of the bridge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of bridge or building bearing technology, and in particular to a limiting type shock-absorbing bridge bearing. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge bearings are an important component of bridge structural systems. Their main function is to connect the superstructure and substructure of the bridge, while simultaneously transmitting and bearing various forces and deformations generated by the superstructure. Spherical bearings have advantages such as high load-bearing capacity, simple structure, flexible rotation, and good durability, and are widely used in bridges, buildings, and other fields. During an earthquake, bridge bearings are subjected to the direct impact of seismic waves and the dynamic response generated by the bridge structure. Therefore, their seismic performance and the reliability of their connection with the superstructure and substructure are crucial to the safety and stability of the entire bridge.

[0003] my country is an earthquake-prone country with numerous active fault zones in its southwest and southeast coastal regions. During infrastructure construction, bridge structures inevitably lie within near-fault zones. Near-field earthquakes are characterized by shallow focal depths, short wave propagation distances, and high ground intensity, making their impact on bridge bearings more significant. Under seismic action, bridge bearings are subjected to various forces, including tension, compression, and shear forces. Specifically, near-field earthquakes may cause the following extended deformations and damage to bridge bearings:

[0004] Excessive bearing displacement: Under seismic loading, bridge bearings may experience significant displacement, including horizontal, vertical, and rotational displacement. These displacements can lead to connection failure between the bearing and the beam or pier, excessive rotation and ejection of the spherical bearing plate, thus affecting the overall stability and safety of the bridge. Anchor bolt pull-out: If the anchor bolts of the bridge bearings are poorly designed, bolt pull-out may occur under seismic loading. This will cause connection failure between the bearing and the beam or pier, significantly reducing the bridge's seismic performance. Shearing and detachment: Under strong earthquake loading, the limiting plate of ordinary rigid-type bridge bearings may shear or detach due to excessive shear force.

[0005] Currently, the widely used railway bridge bearings only consider their basic load-bearing, sliding, and rotational functions when designing them. The horizontal sliding direction and vertical rotation of the bearings are unlimited; without restrictions on sliding and rotation, the bearings are prone to excessive planar and rotational displacement under strong earthquakes, potentially leading to seat plate separation or the middle seat plate flying off. Simultaneously, the bearings lack vertical tensile strength, i.e., vertical restraint. Under tensile force, the components of the bearing seat plate may detach or fail, resulting in a vertical "beam jump" phenomenon, severely impacting the overall stability of the bridge structure. Furthermore, conventional bridge bearing designs do not consider their seismic energy dissipation function; to reduce resistance during normal bridge operation, the bearings have a low plane friction coefficient and weak energy dissipation capacity. (See structural schematic diagram below.) Figure 1 .

[0006] Publication No.: CN107142841B A shock-absorbing tension-compression spherical bearing with anti-beam-falling function comprises five major components: a base plate, a lower base plate, a middle base plate, an upper base plate, and a tensile bolt. Key components of the anti-beam-falling function include longitudinal and transverse anti-beam-falling blocks, tensile nuts, longitudinal and transverse tensile friction pairs, spherical compressive friction pairs, spherical tensile friction pairs, planar compressive friction pairs, longitudinal and transverse guiding friction pairs, transverse limiting friction pairs, and transverse limiting plates. However, this design still suffers from low reliability in its connection with the beam and pier. During excessive displacement in an earthquake, the components of the base plate may detach or fail, resulting in a vertical "beam-jumping" phenomenon.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing bridge spherical bearings in terms of their installation and structural design. The bearings should have horizontal, vertical and rotational limiting functions, and the anchorage connection between them and the beams and piers should be improved to enhance their overall integrity during earthquakes. The bearings should also have energy dissipation and damping functions to prevent the limiting plates of the rigid bearings from shearing off, thereby improving their functional reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a limiting type shock-absorbing bridge bearing to solve the problems of connection failure and insufficient reliability of traditional bridge bearings during earthquakes.

[0009] To compensate for the shortcomings of existing product structures, in addition to the conventional functions of transferring beam structural loads and accommodating beam displacement, the main components of the support, such as the upper, middle, and lower support plates, are designed as limiting structures with horizontal, vertical, and rotational limits. This allows the support to be limited in the horizontal, vertical, and rotational directions when it reaches its extreme position, improving the overall integrity of the support and preventing excessive displacement during earthquakes that could cause the support structure to detach and lose its basic function. The support also provides vertical tensile strength, preventing vertical "beam jumping" phenomena. Furthermore, it is connected to the beam via an upper anchor plate and upper anchor bolt assembly. The body is connected to the pier through the lower anchor plate and lower anchor components, making the anchoring more reliable. The above design effectively avoids the expansion deformation and damage to the bridge bearing that may occur due to near-field earthquakes. The anchoring connection between the bearing and the pier and beam is strengthened by combining shear keys and tensile bolts to prevent the bearing from separating from the upper and lower parts and to reduce the size of conventional shear bolts. An energy-dissipating plane is added to the bottom of the bearing to increase the friction surface with a high coefficient of friction, thereby improving the energy dissipation capacity during earthquakes, increasing the energy dissipation and shock absorption function, dissipating earthquake energy, and preventing the limit plate of ordinary rigid bearings from shearing or falling off.

[0010] This invention proposes a limiting type vibration-damping bridge bearing. During normal operation, the planar friction pair and spherical friction pair provide the bearing load; the guiding friction pair and planar friction pair provide the normal displacement and sliding function; the guiding friction pair provides the bearing resistance to lateral horizontal forces; and the spherical friction pair and planar friction pair provide the bearing rotation function. Under horizontal seismic forces, the beam drives the upper anchor plate and upper bearing plate to move horizontally. When the longitudinal limit displacement is reached, the upper bearing plate contacts the lower bearing plate, restricting longitudinal bridge slippage. Under seismic forces, the limiting screws on the lateral limiting plate are sheared, releasing the lateral constraint. The lower surface of the lower bearing plate and the upper surface of the base plate undergo lateral relative displacement, playing a role in vibration damping and energy dissipation. When the lateral limit displacement is reached, the lateral baffles on both sides of the base plate function, restricting transverse bridge slippage. Under seismic forces, the middle bearing plate rotates beyond the design angle, and the middle bearing plate contacts the lower bearing plate's platform, restricting rotation. When subjected to vertical seismic forces, the beam causes the upper seat plate to move upward and come into contact with the upper tension plate. The tension is then transmitted sequentially to the lower seat plate, the base plate, the lower anchoring components, and the pier, thus restricting vertical displacement. It has advantages such as good positioning, uniform structural force transmission, clear force transmission path, and strong energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

[0011] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a limiting type vibration damping bridge bearing includes a base plate, a lower bearing plate, a middle bearing plate, and an upper bearing plate arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The bearing forms a multi-directional limiting overall structure by setting limiting structures in the horizontal movement direction, vertical and rotational directions.

[0012] Furthermore, the limiting structure includes:

[0013] The base plate is provided with baffles on both sides of the longitudinal bridge and both sides of the transverse bridge to limit excessive displacement of the lower base plate;

[0014] The transverse limiting plate connected to the baffle along the longitudinal direction of the bridge can shear off the limiting screws on the transverse limiting plate when there is a lateral relative displacement between the lower surface of the lower seat plate and the upper surface of the base plate, thereby playing a role in shock absorption and energy dissipation.

[0015] A lower tension plate connected to the baffle along the transverse bridge direction is used to prevent the lower seat plate from separating from the base plate;

[0016] An upper tensile plate connected to the lower seat plate is used to prevent the middle seat plate from separating from the upper seat plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the support also includes:

[0018] The lower anchor plate connected to the bridge pier has a groove on its upper surface to match the boss on the bottom surface of the base plate;

[0019] The upper anchor plate connected to the beam has a groove on its lower surface to match the boss on the top surface of the upper seat plate.

[0020] Furthermore, the lower anchor plate is embedded in the pier pad stone and is fixed to the pier by the lower anchor bolt assembly. The upper surface of the lower anchor plate is provided with a keyway that matches the boss machined on the bottom surface of the base plate to ensure structural stability.

[0021] Furthermore, the baffle is integrally cast with the base plate, and the upper surface of the baffle is provided with threaded holes. Tensile screws pass through the lower tensile plate and match the threaded holes to fix the lower tensile plate to the base plate.

[0022] Furthermore, the upper transverse bridge of the lower seat plate is provided with limiting plates on both sides, and the inner surface of the limiting plates is welded with the flat stainless steel plate;

[0023] The lower seat plate has limiting protrusions on both sides of the middle section of the transverse bridge, which cooperate with the transverse limiting plate installed on the base plate to realize the transverse limiting function.

[0024] Furthermore, the lower surface of the middle seat plate is spherical, and the spherical surface covers the spherical stainless steel sliding plate;

[0025] The upper surface of the middle seat plate is flat, and a flat sliding plate and a sealing ring are inlaid therein. The middle seat plate is recessed into the spherical groove of the lower seat plate to provide rotational flexibility.

[0026] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the upper seat plate is welded with a flat stainless steel plate, and the upper seat plate is provided with guide bosses on both sides of the transverse bridge direction. Guide slide plates are welded to both sides of the guide bosses for guidance, and the upper surface is tensile-resistant.

[0027] Furthermore, the lower surface of the lower seat plate and the upper surface of the base plate are coated with a metal-based friction material to increase the coefficient of friction, form an energy-dissipating plane, and improve the energy dissipation capacity during earthquakes.

[0028] Furthermore, the upper anchor plate is embedded in the beam and fixed to the beam by the upper anchor bolt assembly;

[0029] The lower surface of the upper anchor plate is machined with a keyway that matches the boss machined on the top surface of the upper seat plate.

[0030] Compared with existing technologies, the limiting type vibration damping bridge bearing of this utility model has the following advantages:

[0031] 1. This utility model provides a shock-absorbing bridge bearing with multi-directional limiting function. By limiting the bearing in the horizontal movement direction, vertical bridge direction and rotation direction, it effectively avoids the problem of excessive displacement of the bearing under seismic action. The connection with the upper and lower structures is enhanced by combining tensile screws and tensile plates, which prevents the safety hazards caused by connection failure in traditional designs and improves the overall stability and seismic performance of the bridge.

[0032] 2. This utility model introduces an energy-dissipating plane design. By coating the upper surface of the support base plate and the lower surface of the lower support plate with a high friction coefficient material, it achieves the energy dissipation function during earthquakes, significantly enhances the shock absorption capacity of the support, reduces the impact of earthquake energy on the bridge structure, ensures the safety and reliability of the bridge under strong earthquake conditions, and also extends the service life of the support.

[0033] 3. This utility model, through optimized design of various components of the bearing, such as the upper bearing plate, middle bearing plate, and lower bearing plate, and especially the application of the longitudinal guiding friction pair composed of the guide stainless steel plate and the guide slide plate, enables the bearing to not only withstand large vertical loads but also maintain good stability under lateral forces. Furthermore, this design greatly simplifies the maintenance of the bearing, improves its durability and ease of maintenance, ensures the long-term safe operation of the bridge while reducing maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this utility model, are used to provide a further understanding of the utility model. The illustrative embodiments of the utility model and their descriptions are used to explain the utility model and do not constitute an undue limitation of the utility model. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the existing support longitudinal direction of the bridge;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the existing supports in the transverse direction of the bridge.

[0037] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the transverse direction of the support in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal direction of the support in Example 1;

[0039] Figure 5 A three-dimensional view of the entire support;

[0040] Figure 6 A three-dimensional view of the upper support plate;

[0041] Figure 7 A 3D view of the support base plate;

[0042] Figure 8 A three-dimensional view of the support plate below;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse direction of the support in Example 2;

[0044] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal direction of the support in Example 3.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0046] 1. Lower anchor plate; 2. Base plate; 3. Energy dissipation plane; 4. Lateral limiting plate; 5. Limiting screw; 6. Lower seat plate; 7. Upper tensile plate; 8. Guide stainless steel plate; 9. Guide slide plate; 10. Middle seat plate; 11. Upper seat plate; 12. Upper anchor plate; 13. Upper anchor bolt assembly; 14. Flat stainless steel plate; 15. Flat slide plate; 16. Spherical stainless steel slide plate; 17. Spherical slide plate; 18. Sealing ring; 19. Tensile screw; 20. Lower tensile plate; 21. Lower anchor bolt assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the technical means and objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific figures.

[0048] It should be noted that all directional and positional terms used in this utility model, such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "top," "lower," "lateral," "longitudinal," and "center," are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and connection arrangements between components in a specific state. They are merely for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not require that this utility model be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., in this utility model are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0049] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0050] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0051] Vibration-damping bridge spherical bearings generally include, from bottom to top, a base plate 2, a lower bearing plate 6, a middle bearing plate 10, and an upper bearing plate 11. The upper bearing plate 11 is fixed to the beam body through an anchoring device, and the base plate 2 is fixed to the pier through an anchoring structure. The top surface of the middle bearing plate 10 is a plane, and its bottom surface is a convex spherical surface. The top surface of the lower bearing plate 6 is a concave spherical surface that matches the convex spherical surface, and its bottom surface is a plane. A sliding friction pair is provided between the upper bearing plate 11 and the middle bearing plate 10, and a rotational friction pair is provided between the middle bearing plate 10 and the lower bearing plate 6. It has the function of transmitting the load of the beam structure and accommodating the displacement of the beam body.

[0052] This utility model discloses a limiting type shock-absorbing bridge bearing. The bearing forms an overall structure with multi-directional limiting and enhanced seismic performance by setting limiting structures in the horizontal movement direction, vertical and rotational directions.

[0053] By implementing limiting designs in the horizontal movement direction, vertical bridge direction, and rotation direction, the problem of excessive displacement of the bearings under seismic action is effectively prevented, ensuring the stability of the bridge structure under extreme conditions. According to different application scenarios, three implementation methods are provided: longitudinal movement limiting type, multi-directional movement limiting type, and fixed limiting type, to meet the design requirements of different bridge structures and have wide applicability.

[0054] This multi-directional limiting design effectively avoids excessive displacement of the bearings during earthquakes, enhances the overall safety of the bridge, reduces the risk of beam collapse, significantly enhances the bearings' shock absorption capacity, reduces earthquake damage to the bridge structure, extends the service life of the bearings, improves the safety, reliability and durability of the product, and ensures long-term stable operation.

[0055] Specifically, the limiting structure includes:

[0056] The base plate 2 is equipped with baffles on both sides of the longitudinal bridge and both sides of the transverse bridge to limit the excessive displacement of the lower base plate 6;

[0057] The transverse limiting plate 4, which is connected to the baffle along the longitudinal bridge direction, can be sheared when the lower surface of the lower seat plate 6 and the upper surface of the base plate 2 undergo transverse relative displacement, thus playing the role of shock absorption and energy dissipation.

[0058] The lower tensile plate 20, which is connected to the baffle along the transverse bridge direction, is used to prevent the lower seat plate 6 from separating from the base plate 2;

[0059] The upper tensile plate 7, which is connected to the lower seat plate 6, is used to prevent the middle seat plate 10 from separating from the upper seat plate 11.

[0060] The longitudinal and transverse baffles of the base plate 2 are used to limit the excessive horizontal displacement of the lower base plate 6 under the action of external forces such as earthquakes or wind. The transverse limiting plate 4 and the limiting screw 5 are installed on the longitudinal baffle. When the lower base plate 6 and the base plate 2 slide laterally relative to each other beyond the set value, the limiting screw 5 is sheared, realizing the dual functions of limiting and energy dissipation. The lower tensile plate 20 is connected to the top of the lower base plate 6 to prevent the middle base plate 10 and the upper base plate 11 from separating under the action of vertical tension.

[0061] The baffle acts as a physical boundary, mechanically limiting the horizontal displacement of the lower bearing plate 6 to prevent it from exceeding the safe range and avoiding support failure or damage to bridge components. When a strong earthquake causes significant lateral relative sliding between the lower bearing plate 6 and the base plate 2, the limiting screws 5 on the lateral limiting plate 4 are sheared, absorbing some of the seismic energy and acting as a buffer and damping agent. This "destructible" design provides both rigid limiting and energy release under extreme conditions, preventing continuous structural failure. The lower tension plate 20 and the upper tension plate 7 work together to prevent the separation of components during vertical earthquakes or vibrations that cause a "beam jumping" effect, effectively preventing "beam falling" accidents. The cooperation of multiple limiting components keeps the support stable under various stress conditions, improving the overall seismic performance and safety of the bridge.

[0062] This system has multi-directional limiting capabilities in the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical directions, comprehensively improving the stability of the bearing. It combines the advantages of rigid limiting and flexible energy dissipation, effectively preventing the bearing components from detaching due to tensile forces. It constructs a composite limiting system that integrates limiting, energy dissipation, and anti-detachment, enhancing the stability of the bearing under extreme loads such as earthquakes and strong winds, and significantly improving the safety and seismic performance of the bridge structure.

[0063] Preferably, the lower tensile plate 20 is a rectangular plate with a width greater than the sidewall, and the transverse cross section of the upper tensile plate 7 is an irregular U-shaped plate. One sidewall of the upper tensile plate 7 is used to restrict the separation of the upper seat plate 11 and the middle seat plate 10, and the other sidewall is engaged with the middle seat plate 10 to improve the tensile strength.

[0064] Specifically, the support also includes:

[0065] The lower anchor plate 1, which is connected to the pier, has a groove on its upper surface to match the protrusion on the bottom surface of the base plate 2.

[0066] The upper anchor plate 12, which is connected to the beam, has a groove on its lower surface to match the boss on the top surface of the upper seat plate 11.

[0067] The combination of grooves and bosses creates a mechanically interlocking connection, further enhancing the connection strength between the support and the piers and beams. Adding this interlocking structure to the traditional bolted connection significantly improves the support's horizontal shear resistance, preventing anchorage failure due to shear damage. Under extreme loads such as earthquakes or strong winds, it effectively prevents slippage or detachment between the support and the piers or beams. Furthermore, the groove and boss design facilitates precise positioning during on-site installation, reducing construction errors, improving installation efficiency and quality, and creating a tighter overall connection between the support and the upper and lower structural piers and beams. This results in better coordinated response during earthquakes and improved seismic performance.

[0068] Specifically, the lower anchor plate 1 is embedded in the pier pad stone and is fixed to the pier by the pull-out resistant lower anchor bolt assembly 21. The upper surface of the lower anchor plate 1 is machined with a keyway to match the boss machined on the bottom surface of the base plate 2, so as to ensure structural stability.

[0069] The lower anchor plate 1 has a keyway machined on its upper surface, and the base plate 2 has a matching boss on its bottom. The two form a mechanical interlocking structure, effectively preventing the base plate 2 from sliding along the pier surface under horizontal earthquakes or wind loads. The lower anchor plate 1 is fixed to the pier pad stone by pull-out resistant lower anchor bolt assemblies 21, effectively resisting the risk of upward pull-out of the support under vertical earthquakes or beam impacts, ensuring a reliable connection between the support and the pier. The keyway and boss mating structure has excellent guiding and positioning functions, facilitating quick and accurate alignment during on-site installation and reducing construction errors. The contact surface between the boss and the keyway distributes external forces more evenly across the entire connection area, avoiding structural fatigue or damage caused by excessive local stress. This creates a tighter overall connection between the support and the pier, achieving better coordinated response under extreme conditions such as earthquakes, improving seismic performance and structural safety. Furthermore, the size and shape of the keyway and boss can be adjusted according to different bridge types, allowing for flexible application in various engineering scenarios.

[0070] This setup employs a dual connection method of keyway-bowl mechanical engagement and pull-out bolts, resulting in high connection reliability, strong shear resistance, improved construction efficiency and installation quality, reduced construction difficulty, and excellent long-term stability and fatigue resistance.

[0071] Specifically, the baffle and the base plate 2 are integrally cast. The upper surface of the baffle is machined with threaded holes. The tensile screw 19 passes through the lower tensile plate 20 and matches the threaded holes to fix the lower tensile plate 20 to the base plate 2, thereby enhancing the tensile strength.

[0072] Tensile screws 19 pass through the lower tensile plate 20 and are fixed in place by threaded holes machined on the baffle, ensuring a firm connection between the lower tensile plate 20 and the base plate 2. This effectively prevents the lower base plate 6 from detaching from the base plate 2 under earthquakes or vertical tensile forces. The baffle, as part of the lateral limiting structure, is integrally cast with the base plate 2, improving the overall rigidity and limiting effect of the structure. Simultaneously, the tensile screws 19 further enhance its stability under complex stress conditions. The connection between the threaded holes and the tensile screws 19 is a detachable structure, facilitating on-site installation and subsequent maintenance without affecting the overall structural strength. Furthermore, the tensile screws 19 evenly distribute the tensile force to the base plate 2, avoiding localized stress concentration and extending the structural service life.

[0073] The baffle and base plate 2 are integrally cast, with no weak points in the welding, making the structure more stable, with stronger fatigue resistance, and facilitating construction, installation and later maintenance, thus reducing maintenance costs.

[0074] Specifically, limit plates are machined on both sides of the upper transverse bridge of the lower base plate 6, and flat stainless steel plates 14 are welded to the inner surface of the limit plates; limit bosses are machined on both sides of the middle of the transverse bridge, which cooperate with the transverse limit plates 4 installed on the base plate 2 to realize the transverse limit function.

[0075] By machining limiting plates and limiting bosses on the lower base plate 6, and cooperating with the transverse limiting plate 4 and stainless steel sliding plate on the base plate 2, a composite system is formed that combines limiting, guiding, and sliding friction energy dissipation. Limiting plates are set on both sides of the transverse bridge of the lower base plate 6, and cooperate with the transverse limiting plate 4 on the base plate 2. When the support displacement exceeds the set value, the two contact and prevent further transverse movement, preventing excessive displacement of the support. A flat stainless steel plate 14 is welded to the inner surface of the limiting plate, allowing the support to slide freely in the transverse bridge direction before reaching the limit displacement, thus playing a guiding role. To adapt to normal displacement caused by temperature changes or wind loads, the friction between the stainless steel sliding plate and the relatively moving parts can absorb some of the seismic energy, playing a certain role in damping and energy dissipation, and improving the overall seismic performance of the support. A limiting boss is machined in the middle of the transverse bridge, which cooperates with the transverse limiting plate 4 on the base plate 2 to further enhance the transverse connection stability and prevent the components from detaching due to violent shaking during an earthquake. Under the action of earthquake or wind load, this structure enables the components of the support to work together, avoid local stress concentration, and improve the overall response capability and safety of the structure.

[0076] This setting can precisely control the lateral limit threshold according to engineering needs, ensuring reliable limit action, ensuring free sliding of the support under normal working conditions, strong durability, and resistance to aging.

[0077] Preferably, the height of the lower surface of the limiting boss from the base plate 2 is greater than the height of the baffle.

[0078] Specifically, the lower surface of the middle seat plate 10 is spherical, and the spherical surface covers the spherical stainless steel sliding plate 16; the upper surface is flat, and a flat sliding plate 15 and a sealing ring 18 are inlaid therein. The middle seat plate 10 is recessed into the spherical groove of the lower seat plate 6 to provide rotational flexibility.

[0079] The lower surface of the middle bearing plate 10 is spherical and covered with a spherical stainless steel sliding plate 16, which is embedded in the spherical groove within the lower bearing plate 6. This allows the bearing to rotate freely in any direction, adapting to the complex rotational requirements of the bridge beam under temperature changes, braking forces, or seismic loads. The spherical structure enables the middle bearing plate 10 to rotate at small angles in three-dimensional space, meeting the deformation requirements of the bridge structure under various stress states and avoiding local stress concentration and structural damage caused by limited rotation angles. A spherical friction pair is formed between the spherical stainless steel sliding plate 16 and the spherical groove. Under extreme loads such as earthquakes, this friction pair can dissipate some seismic energy through sliding friction, thus providing a damping effect. The upper surface of the middle bearing plate 10 is flat and inlaid with a flat sliding plate 15 and a sealing ring 18, allowing for a sliding connection with the upper bearing plate 11. This allows for longitudinal or lateral sliding while bearing vertical loads, achieving bearing displacement adaptability. The sealing ring 18 is located between the upper surface of the middle bearing plate 10 and the upper bearing plate 11, effectively preventing external impurities such as dust and rainwater from entering the friction pair, extending service life, and ensuring long-term stable operation of the bearing.

[0080] This design enables the support to rotate in all directions, adapting to the deformation requirements of bridges under complex stress conditions. The friction pair can dissipate energy during earthquakes, improving seismic performance. It has high load-bearing capacity, effectively isolates external pollutants, protects the friction pair from corrosion, and enhances durability.

[0081] Preferably, the flat slide plate 15 can be a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet.

[0082] Specifically, the bottom surface of the upper seat plate 11 is welded with a flat stainless steel plate 14; tensile bosses, also known as guide bosses, are processed on both sides of the transverse bridge. The sides of the bosses are guided, the upper surface is tensile, and guide slide plates 9 are welded on both sides of the guide bosses, which improves the longitudinal guiding capability.

[0083] The guide boss has a guide slide plate 9 welded to its side, which forms a longitudinal guide friction pair with the guide structure on the lower seat plate 6 or the middle seat plate 10. This ensures that the support maintains good alignment and stability while sliding freely in the longitudinal direction, preventing offset and instability. The upper surface of the tensile boss is used to bear vertical tensile force. Under extreme loads such as earthquakes, when the beam tends to move upward, the boss can contact the upper tensile plate 7 to transfer the tensile force to the lower structure, preventing the support components from separating and playing a role in preventing detachment and beam falling. The sliding friction between the guide slide plate 9 and the guide structure can absorb some energy during an earthquake, playing a certain role in damping and energy dissipation, and improving the overall seismic performance of the support.

[0084] This design can effectively control the longitudinal sliding direction of the bearing, prevent displacement, adapt to the expansion and contraction deformation of the bridge, withstand large vertical tensile forces, prevent the bearing components from detaching during earthquakes, ensure the overall safety of the bridge, consume some energy during earthquakes, reduce structural response, and improve seismic performance.

[0085] Specifically, the lower surface of the lower base plate 6 and the upper surface of the base plate 2 are coated with a metal-based friction material to increase the friction coefficient and form an energy-dissipating plane 3, thereby improving the energy dissipation capacity during an earthquake.

[0086] When the bearing slides horizontally under seismic loading, the metal-based friction material contact surface between the lower bearing plate 6 and the base plate 2 generates a large sliding friction force, which absorbs and dissipates the energy input by the seismic load, reduces the structural response, and the high friction coefficient can play a certain role in damping the bearing displacement, preventing the bearing from sliding too much during the earthquake and preventing it from exceeding the limit range and failing.

[0087] This setup constructs an efficient and stable seismic energy dissipation system by setting an energy-dissipating plane 3 formed by a metal-based friction material between the lower support plate 6 and the base plate 2. This enhances the shock absorption capacity of the support during earthquakes and strengthens the stability and safety of the structure.

[0088] Specifically, the spherical stainless steel sliding plate 16 and the spherical sliding plate 17 form a spherical friction pair; the flat stainless steel plate 14 and the flat sliding plate 15 form a flat friction pair; and the guide stainless steel plate 8 and the guide sliding plate 9 form a longitudinal guide friction pair, providing a variety of friction pairs to adapt to different stress conditions.

[0089] By setting three different types of friction pairs—spherical friction pairs, planar friction pairs, and longitudinal guiding friction pairs—the bearings can achieve good sliding performance and energy dissipation capacity under various stress conditions. Under the action of external forces such as earthquakes and wind loads, the various friction pairs generate relative sliding, consume the input energy through friction, reduce structural response, improve overall seismic performance, and also make the stress more evenly distributed on each contact surface, reduce local wear, and extend the service life of the bearings.

[0090] Specifically, the upper anchor plate 12 is embedded in the beam and fixed to the beam by the pull-out resistant upper anchor bolt assembly 13; the lower surface is machined with a keyway to match the boss machined on the top surface of the upper seat plate 11.

[0091] The pull-out resistant upper anchor bolt assembly 13 ensures strong pull-out resistance between the upper anchor plate 12 and the beam, preventing detachment under vertical seismic forces or wind loads. The upper anchor plate 12 is embedded in the beam, increasing the connection area and contact tightness, and improving the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the overall structure.

[0092] This design significantly improves the connection strength and stability between the support and the beam, and optimizes the installation process and stress performance.

[0093] Example 1

[0094] The longitudinally movable limiting type vibration damping bridge bearing is shown in the figure. It mainly consists of a lower anchor plate 1, a base plate 2, an energy dissipation plane 3, a transverse limiting plate 4, a limiting screw 5, a lower seat plate 6, an upper tensile plate 7, a middle seat plate 10, an upper seat plate 11, an upper anchor plate 12, an upper anchor bolt assembly 13, a flat stainless steel plate 14, a flat sliding plate 15, a spherical stainless steel sliding plate 16, a spherical sliding plate 17, a sealing ring 18, a tensile screw 19, a lower tensile plate 20, and a lower anchor bolt assembly 21.

[0095] The lower anchor plate 1 of the support is embedded in the pier pad stone and is fixed to the pier by the pull-out resistant upper anchor bolt assembly 13; the upper surface is machined with a keyway to match the boss machined on the bottom surface of the base plate 2. The upper anchor plate 12 of the support is embedded in the beam and is fixed to the beam by the pull-out resistant upper anchor bolt assembly 13.

[0096] The spherical stainless steel sliding plate 16 and spherical sliding plate 17 of the support form a spherical friction pair; the flat stainless steel plate 14 and flat sliding plate 15 form a flat friction pair; the guide stainless steel plate 8 and the guide sliding plate 9 form a longitudinal guide friction pair; the upper surface of the support base plate 2 and the lower surface of the lower base plate 6 form an energy dissipation plane 3.

[0097] During normal operation, the planar friction pair and the spherical friction pair provide the bearing function of the support; the guide friction pair and the planar friction pair provide the normal displacement sliding function of the support; the guide friction pair provides the function of resisting the lateral horizontal force of the support; and the spherical friction pair and the planar friction pair provide the rotation function of the support. The upper bearing plate 11 and the lower bearing plate 6 have a sliding gap in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to release the normal longitudinal displacement of the beam.

[0098] When subjected to horizontal seismic forces, the beam causes the upper anchor plate 12 and the upper seat plate 11 to move horizontally. When the ultimate displacement of the longitudinal sliding gap is reached, the upper seat plate 11 contacts the lower seat plate 6, restricting the longitudinal sliding of the bridge. Under the action of seismic forces, the limiting screws 5 on the transverse limiting plate 4 are sheared, releasing the transverse constraint. The lower surface of the lower seat plate 6 and the upper surface of the base plate 2 undergo transverse relative displacement. The energy dissipation plane 3 plays a role in damping and dissipating energy. When the transverse ultimate displacement is reached, the transverse baffles on both sides of the base plate 2 play a role in restricting the transverse sliding of the bridge. Under the action of seismic forces, the middle seat plate 10 rotates beyond the design rotation angle. The middle seat plate 10 contacts the platform of the lower seat plate 6, restricting the rotation.

[0099] When subjected to vertical seismic force, the beam causes the upper seat plate 11 to move upward and come into contact with the upper tension plate 7. The tension is then transmitted sequentially to the lower seat plate 6, the base plate 2, the lower anchor bolt assembly 21, and the pier, thus restricting vertical displacement.

[0100] Example 2

[0101] The multi-directional movable limiting type vibration damping bridge bearing, based on the longitudinal movable limiting type vibration damping energy dissipation bridge bearing, eliminates the guide friction pair, as shown in the figure. It mainly consists of a lower anchor plate 1, a base plate 2, an energy dissipation plane 3, a transverse limiting plate 4, limiting screws 5, a lower seat plate 6, an upper tensile plate 7, a middle seat plate 10, an upper seat plate 11, an upper anchor plate 12, an upper anchor bolt assembly 13, a flat stainless steel plate 14, a flat sliding plate 15, a spherical stainless steel sliding plate 16, a spherical sliding plate 17, a sealing ring 18, tensile screws 19, a lower tensile plate 20, and a lower anchor bolt assembly 21.

[0102] The lower anchor plate 1 of the support is embedded in the pier pad stone and is fixed to the pier by the pull-out resistant upper anchor bolt assembly 13; the upper surface is machined with a keyway to match the boss machined on the bottom surface of the base plate 2. The upper anchor plate 12 of the support is embedded in the beam and is fixed to the beam by the pull-out resistant upper anchor bolt assembly 13.

[0103] The spherical stainless steel sliding plate 16 and spherical sliding plate 17 of the support form a spherical friction pair; the flat stainless steel plate 14 and flat sliding plate 15 form a flat friction pair; the upper surface of the support base plate 2 and the lower surface of the lower base plate 6 form an energy-dissipating plane 3.

[0104] During normal operation, the planar friction pair and the spherical friction pair realize the bearing function of the support; the spherical friction pair and the planar friction pair realize the rotation function of the support. The upper bearing plate 11 and the lower bearing plate 6 have a sliding gap in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to release the normal longitudinal displacement of the beam; the upper bearing plate 11 and the lower bearing plate 6 have a sliding gap in the transverse direction of the bridge to release the normal transverse displacement of the beam.

[0105] When subjected to horizontal seismic forces, the beam causes the upper anchor plate 12 and the upper seat plate 11 to move horizontally. When the ultimate displacement of the longitudinal sliding gap is reached, the upper seat plate 11 contacts the lower seat plate 6, restricting the longitudinal sliding of the bridge. Under the action of seismic forces, the limiting screws 5 on the transverse limiting plate 4 are sheared, releasing the transverse constraint. The lower surface of the lower seat plate 6 and the upper surface of the base plate 2 undergo transverse relative displacement. The energy dissipation plane 3 plays a role in damping and dissipating energy. When the transverse ultimate displacement is reached, the transverse baffles on both sides of the base plate 2 play a role in restricting the transverse sliding of the bridge. Under the action of seismic forces, the middle seat plate 10 rotates beyond the design rotation angle. The middle seat plate 10 contacts the platform of the lower seat plate 6, restricting the rotation.

[0106] When subjected to vertical seismic force, the beam causes the upper seat plate 11 to move upward and come into contact with the upper tension plate 7. The tension is then transmitted sequentially to the lower seat plate 6, the base plate 2, the lower anchor bolt assembly 21, and the pier, thus restricting vertical displacement.

[0107] Example 3

[0108] The fixed-position limiting type vibration-damping bridge bearing, based on the multi-directional movable limiting type vibration-damping energy-dissipating bridge bearing, eliminates the longitudinal and transverse movement gaps, as shown in the figure. It mainly consists of a lower anchor plate 1, a base plate 2, an energy-dissipating plane 3, a transverse limiting plate 4, limiting screws 5, a lower seat plate 6, an upper tensile plate 7, a middle seat plate 10, an upper seat plate 11, an upper anchor plate 12, an upper anchor bolt assembly 13, a flat stainless steel plate 14, a flat sliding plate 15, a spherical stainless steel sliding plate 16, a spherical sliding plate 17, a sealing ring 18, tensile screws 19, a lower tensile plate 20, and a lower anchor bolt assembly 21.

[0109] The lower anchor plate 1 of the support is embedded in the pier pad stone and is fixed to the pier by the pull-out resistant upper anchor bolt assembly 13; the upper surface is machined with a keyway to match the boss machined on the bottom surface of the base plate 2. The upper anchor plate 12 of the support is embedded in the beam and is fixed to the beam by the pull-out resistant upper anchor bolt assembly 13.

[0110] The spherical stainless steel sliding plate 16 and spherical sliding plate 17 of the support form a spherical friction pair; the flat stainless steel plate 14 and flat sliding plate 15 form a flat friction pair; the upper surface of the support base plate 2 and the lower surface of the lower base plate 6 form an energy-dissipating plane 3.

[0111] During normal operation, the planar friction pair and the spherical friction pair realize the bearing function of the support; the spherical friction pair and the planar friction pair realize the rotation function of the support. The upper bearing plate 11 and the lower bearing plate 6 have no sliding clearance in the longitudinal direction of the bridge, only rotation clearance; the upper bearing plate 11 and the lower bearing plate 6 have no sliding clearance in the transverse direction of the bridge, only rotation clearance.

[0112] When subjected to horizontal seismic forces, the beam causes the upper anchor plate 12 and the upper seat plate 11 to move horizontally. When the ultimate displacement is reached, the upper seat plate 11 contacts the lower seat plate 6, restricting the longitudinal slippage of the bridge. Under the action of seismic forces, the limiting screws 5 on the transverse limiting plate 4 are sheared, releasing the transverse constraint. The lower surface of the lower seat plate 6 and the upper surface of the base plate 2 undergo transverse relative displacement. The energy dissipation plane 3 plays a role in damping and dissipating energy. When the transverse ultimate displacement is reached, the transverse baffles on both sides of the base plate 2 play a role in restricting the transverse slippage of the bridge. Under the action of seismic forces, the middle seat plate 10 rotates beyond the design rotation angle. The middle seat plate 10 contacts the platform of the lower seat plate 6, restricting the rotation.

[0113] When subjected to vertical seismic force, the beam causes the upper seat plate 11 to move upward and come into contact with the upper tension plate 7. The tension is then transmitted sequentially to the lower seat plate 6, the base plate 2, the lower anchor bolt assembly 21, and the pier, thus restricting vertical displacement.

[0114] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A position-limiting shock-absorbing bridge support, comprising, from bottom to top, a base plate (2), a lower seat plate (6), a middle seat plate (10), and an upper seat plate (11), characterized in that, The support forms a multi-directional limiting structure by setting limiting structures in the horizontal movement direction, vertical direction and rotation direction.

2. The position-limiting shock-absorbing bridge support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting structure includes: The base plate (2) is provided with baffles on both sides of the longitudinal bridge and both sides of the transverse bridge to limit the excessive displacement of the lower base plate (6); The transverse limiting plate (4) connected to the baffle along the longitudinal bridge direction can cut off the limiting screw (5) on the transverse limiting plate (4) when the lower surface of the lower seat plate (6) and the upper surface of the base plate (2) undergo transverse relative displacement, thereby playing the role of shock absorption and energy dissipation. A lower tensile plate (20) connected to the baffle along the transverse bridge direction is used to prevent the lower seat plate (6) from separating from the base plate (2); An upper tensile plate (7) connected to the lower seat plate (6) is used to prevent the middle seat plate (10) from separating from the upper seat plate (11).

3. The limited travel shock bridge bearing of claim 1, wherein, The support also includes: The lower anchor plate (1) connected to the pier has a groove on its upper surface to match the boss on the bottom surface of the base plate (2); The upper anchor plate (12) connected to the beam has a groove on its lower surface to match the boss on the top surface of the upper seat plate (11).

4. The limited travel shock bridge bearing of claim 3, wherein, The lower anchor plate (1) is embedded in the pier pad stone and is fixed to the pier through the lower anchor bolt assembly (21). The upper surface of the lower anchor plate (1) is provided with a keyway, which matches the boss machined on the bottom surface of the base plate (2) to ensure structural stability.

5. The limited travel shock bridge bearing of claim 2, wherein, The baffle and the base plate (2) are integrally cast. The upper surface of the baffle is provided with a threaded hole. The tensile screw (19) passes through the lower tensile plate (20) and matches the threaded hole to fix the lower tensile plate (20) on the base plate (2).

6. The limiting type vibration damping bridge bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower seat plate (6) has limiting plates on both sides of the upper transverse bridge, and the inner surface of the limiting plates is welded with a flat stainless steel plate (14). The lower base plate (6) has limiting protrusions on both sides of the transverse bridge, which cooperate with the transverse limiting plate (4) installed on the base plate (2) to realize the transverse limiting function.

7. The limiting type vibration damping bridge bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower surface of the middle seat plate (10) is spherical, and the spherical stainless steel sliding plate (16) is covered by the spherical plate. The upper surface of the middle seat plate (10) is flat, and a flat sliding plate (15) and a sealing ring (18) are inlaid therein. The middle seat plate (10) is recessed into the spherical groove of the lower seat plate (6) to provide rotational flexibility.

8. The limited travel shock bridge bearing of claim 1, wherein, The bottom surface of the upper seat plate (11) is welded with a flat stainless steel plate (14). The upper seat plate (11) has guide bosses on both sides of the transverse bridge. Guide slide plates (9) are welded on both sides of the guide bosses for guidance. The upper surface is tensile.

9. The limited travel shock bridge bearing of claim 1, wherein, The lower surface of the lower seat plate (6) and the upper surface of the base plate (2) are coated with a metal-based friction material to increase the friction coefficient and form an energy-dissipating plane (3) to enhance the energy dissipation capacity during earthquakes.

10. The limiting type vibration damping bridge bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper anchor plate (12) is embedded in the beam and is fixed to the beam by the upper anchor bolt assembly (13); The lower surface of the upper anchor plate (12) is machined with a keyway, which matches the boss machined on the top surface of the upper seat plate (11).

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