High and low temperature environment fire simulation system and method, electronic device and storage medium

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of industrial combustion technology and discloses a high and low temperature environment fire simulation system, method, electronic device, and storage medium. The system includes: a combustion system, which includes a burner, and the burner has independent gas pipelines and accompanying air pipelines; a heat exchange unit, which includes a U-shaped sleeve structure, the U-shaped sleeve structure having coaxially fitted inner and outer pipelines, the outlet of the inner pipeline being connected to the accompanying air pipeline of the burner, and the outer pipeline having an inlet for introducing the heat exchange medium; a heating unit, which acts on the U-shaped sleeve structure to heat the accompanying air in the inner pipeline; and a control unit, which includes a control cabinet and a first temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor being used to monitor the temperature of the accompanying air and feed it back to the control cabinet, the control cabinet being configured to adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium introduced into the outer pipeline and / or adjust the power of the heating unit according to the temperature signal fed back by the first temperature sensor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial combustion technology, and in particular to a high and low temperature environment fire simulation system, a high and low temperature environment fire simulation method, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In fire and combustion research, jet flames are widely used in basic and applied research on flame morphology, combustion stability, and pollutant emissions due to their unique structure and controllability. Ambient temperature has a significant impact on the key characteristic parameters of jet flames.

[0003] However, current research methods often have significant shortcomings in environmental temperature control, failing to simultaneously achieve rapid switching and stable maintenance of extreme high and low temperature environments, severely limiting in-depth analysis of the thermal properties of flame structures under different thermal boundary conditions. Furthermore, some research methods fail to achieve automatic closed-loop control of gas temperature and flow rate, resulting in lag in temperature control response, low data accuracy, and reliance on manual adjustments, which is detrimental to large-scale data acquisition and reproducible experimental design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, the first objective of this invention is to provide a high and low temperature environment fire simulation system.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to propose a method for simulating fires in high and low temperature environments.

[0006] The third objective of this invention is to provide an electronic device.

[0007] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides a high and low temperature environment fire simulation system, comprising: a combustion system including a burner, the burner having independent gas pipelines and accompanying air pipelines; a heat exchange unit including a U-shaped sleeve structure having coaxially fitted inner and outer pipelines, the outlet of the inner pipeline being connected to the accompanying air pipeline of the burner, and the outer pipeline having an inlet for introducing a heat exchange medium to exchange heat with the accompanying air flowing through the inner pipeline; a heating unit acting on the U-shaped sleeve structure to heat the accompanying air in the inner pipeline; and a control unit including a control cabinet and a first temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor monitoring the temperature of the accompanying air and feeding it back to the control cabinet, the control cabinet being configured to adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the outer pipeline and / or adjust the power of the heating unit based on the temperature signal fed back by the first temperature sensor.

[0009] In addition, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the burner includes a stainless steel cylinder and a honeycomb ceramic body disposed on the top of the stainless steel cylinder, the gas pipeline is located on the central axis of the stainless steel cylinder, the accompanying air pipeline is arranged in a ring around the gas pipeline, and a first temperature sensor is installed in the accompanying air pipeline.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the combustion system further includes a gas cylinder, a gas pressure reducing valve, and a gas mass flow meter connected in sequence via pipelines, with the outlet of the gas mass flow meter connected to the gas pipeline.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system further includes an air cylinder, an air pressure reducing valve and an air mass flow meter connected in sequence by pipelines, wherein the outlet of the air mass flow meter is connected to the inlet of the inner pipeline.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange medium is liquid nitrogen; the system further includes a liquid nitrogen supply subsystem, which includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a vacuum insulated pipeline connected to the liquid nitrogen storage tank, a liquid nitrogen pressure reducing valve installed on the vacuum insulated pipeline, and a cryogenic solenoid valve, wherein the outlet of the cryogenic solenoid valve is connected to the inlet of the external pipeline.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the heating unit includes an electric heating belt and a nano-aerogel felt, the electric heating belt being wound around the outside of the U-shaped sleeve structure, and the nano-aerogel felt being wrapped around the outside of the electric heating belt as an insulation layer.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system further includes: an exhaust gas treatment subsystem, which includes a gas-liquid separator, a recovery storage tank, and an exhaust buffer tank. The inlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the outlet of an external pipeline for separating the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the external pipeline. The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the recovery storage tank, which is equipped with a pressure relief valve. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the exhaust buffer tank. The exhaust buffer tank is equipped with an interface for introducing ambient temperature gas and is connected to an air pump. The top of the exhaust buffer tank is connected to a high-altitude discharge pipe, and a second temperature sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor are installed at the outlet of the high-altitude discharge pipe.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for simulating fires in high and low temperature environments, applied to the aforementioned high and low temperature environment fire simulation system. The method includes: setting a target temperature for the accompanying air; activating a heat exchange unit and / or a heating unit to cool or heat the accompanying air flowing through the inner pipeline; using a first temperature sensor to collect the actual temperature of the accompanying air in real time; calculating the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, and dynamically adjusting the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the outer pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit according to the deviation; and, in response to the deviation satisfying a preset deviation range, controlling the combustion system to supply fuel to the gas pipeline and ignite it to conduct a fire simulation experiment.

[0017] In addition, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation method according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features: According to some embodiments of the present invention, dynamically adjusting the flow rate of the heat exchange medium introduced into the external pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit based on the deviation value includes: determining whether the actual temperature is not less than a first preset temperature and less than a second preset temperature; in response to the actual temperature being not less than the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature, determining that the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in cooling mode, inputting the deviation value into a PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller, calculating a first control signal, and converting the first control signal into an opening command for the low temperature solenoid valve to adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium introduced into the external pipeline.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, dynamically adjusting the flow rate of the heat exchange medium introduced into the external pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit based on the deviation value further includes: determining whether the actual temperature is not less than a second preset temperature and less than a third preset temperature; wherein the third preset temperature is greater than the second preset temperature, and the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature; in response to the actual temperature being not less than the second preset temperature and less than the third preset temperature, confirming that the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in heating mode, inputting the deviation value into the PID controller, calculating the second control signal, and converting the second control signal into a heating power command for the electric heating belt to adjust the power of the heating unit.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: cutting off the fuel supply in response to the end of the experiment; closing the cryogenic solenoid valve if the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in cooling mode at the end of the experiment; closing the electric heating belt if the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in heating mode at the end of the experiment; monitoring the safe temperature of the second temperature sensor, and closing the air pump in response to the safe temperature reaching the safe temperature threshold.

[0020] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instructions that can run on the processor, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the above-described high and low temperature environment fire simulation method are implemented.

[0021] To achieve the above objectives, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a program or instructions are stored, and when the program or instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the above-described high and low temperature environment fire simulation method are implemented.

[0022] According to embodiments of the present invention, a high and low temperature environment fire simulation system, method, electronic device, and storage medium firstly sets a target temperature for the accompanying air; further, a heat exchange unit and / or a heating unit are activated to cool or heat the accompanying air flowing through the inner pipeline; the actual temperature of the accompanying air is collected in real time using a first temperature sensor; then, the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature is calculated, and the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the outer pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit are dynamically adjusted according to the deviation; finally, in response to the deviation meeting a preset deviation range, the combustion system is controlled to supply fuel to the gas pipeline and ignite it to conduct a fire simulation experiment. Therefore, the present invention can precisely control the temperature of fuel gas and accompanying air, conduct full-cycle experimental observation and data acquisition for fires in high and low temperature environments, achieve efficient conversion and real-time monitoring of gas heating and cooling, improve data consistency and repeatability, enhance high and wide temperature control capabilities, and improve experimental efficiency and safety.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a high and low temperature environment fire simulation system according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a burner according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 A flowchart of a high and low temperature environment fire simulation method according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 A flowchart of a high and low temperature environment fire simulation method according to other embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a block diagram of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100-High and Low Temperature Environment Fire Simulation System, 1-Burner, 2-Inner Piping, 3-Outer Piping, 4-Air Cylinder, 5-Air Pressure Reducing Valve, 6-Air Mass Flow Meter, 7-Liquid Nitrogen Storage Tank, 8-Vacuum Insulated Piping, 9-Liquid Nitrogen Pressure Reducing Valve, 10-Cryogenic Solenoid Valve, 11-Electric Heating Belt, 12-Nano Aerogel Felt, 13-Gas-Liquid Separator, 14-Recovery Storage Tank, 15-Exhaust Buffer Tank, 16-Air Pump, 17-Gas Cylinder, 18-Gas Pressure Reducing Valve, 19-Gas Mass Flow Meter, 20-Stainless Steel Cylinder, 21-Gas Pipeline, 22-Tracing Air Pipeline, 23-Honeycomb Ceramic Body, 510-Processor, 520-Memory, 530-Input / Output Interface, 540-Communication Interface, 550-Bus. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed after the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0028] As mentioned in the background section, in fire and combustion research, jet flames are widely used in basic and applied research on flame morphology, combustion stability, and pollutant emissions due to their unique structure and controllability. Ambient temperature has a significant impact on the key characteristic parameters of jet flames.

[0029] The accelerating global warming and frequent extreme weather events, including extreme high and low temperatures, pose potential risks to my country's industrial and urban development, major projects, and infrastructure construction. They also present severe challenges to disaster prevention and pollution control under extreme weather conditions. Fire behavior and pollution generation under extreme temperature environments are significant factors affecting social stability and economic development, and are core challenges in implementing major national strategies. Traditional methods for fire risk assessment and carbon emission control are insufficient in these areas.

[0030] However, current research methods often have significant shortcomings in environmental temperature control, failing to simultaneously achieve rapid switching and stable maintenance of extreme high and low temperature environments, severely limiting in-depth analysis of the thermal properties of flame structures under different thermal boundary conditions. Furthermore, some research methods fail to achieve automatic closed-loop control of gas temperature and flow rate, resulting in lag in temperature control response, low data accuracy, and reliance on manual adjustments, which is detrimental to large-scale data acquisition and reproducible experimental design.

[0031] Specifically, ambient temperature is one of the key factors affecting flame behavior, especially under extreme temperature conditions (such as below -40℃ or above 50℃), where the combustion characteristics, soot generation, and radiation behavior of the flame change significantly. However, current experimental devices suffer from the following problems in temperature control: limited temperature control range: traditional equipment struggles to achieve continuous adjustment from extreme low temperatures (such as -130℃) to high temperatures (such as 300℃) within the same system; low temperature control accuracy and slow response: relying on manual adjustment, it cannot achieve closed-loop automatic control of gas temperature and flow; low system integration: temperature control, gas supply, and data acquisition modules are scattered, making operation complex and repeatability poor; lack of extreme environment simulation capabilities: unable to meet the needs of fire safety research in extreme environments such as polar regions, plateaus, and high-temperature industries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fire simulation experimental device capable of achieving wide temperature range, high precision, and automated control.

[0032] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system, high and low temperature environment fire simulation method, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium proposed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] refer to Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a high and low temperature environment fire simulation system according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] The high and low temperature environment fire simulation system 100 of the present invention includes a combustion system, a heat exchange unit, a heating unit, a control unit, an air cylinder 4, an air pressure reducing valve 5, an air mass flow meter 6, a liquid nitrogen supply subsystem, and an exhaust gas treatment subsystem.

[0035] Furthermore, the combustion system includes a burner 1, which is equipped with an independent gas pipeline 21 and a tracing air pipeline 22. The burner 1 can be replaced or upgraded independently, which is conducive to later maintenance and expansion of functions.

[0036] Specifically, refer to Figure 2The present invention is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a burner according to some embodiments of the present invention. The burner 1 includes a stainless steel cylinder 20 body and a honeycomb ceramic body 23 disposed on the top of the stainless steel cylinder 20 body. The stainless steel cylinder 20 body is a cylindrical sealed structure. The gas pipeline 21 is located on the central axis of the stainless steel cylinder 20 body. The accompanying air pipeline 22 is arranged in a ring around the gas pipeline 21. The first temperature sensor is inserted and installed in the accompanying air pipeline 22 of the burner 1.

[0037] Specifically, the combustion system also includes a gas cylinder 17, a gas pressure reducing valve 18, and a gas mass flow meter 19 connected in sequence via pipelines. The outlet of the gas mass flow meter 19 is connected to the gas pipeline 21, the gas cylinder 17 is connected to the gas pipeline 21, and the gas pressure reducing valve 18 and the gas mass flow meter 19 are installed on the gas pipeline 21.

[0038] Furthermore, the heat exchange unit includes a U-shaped sleeve structure, which has an inner pipe 2 and an outer pipe 3 coaxially fitted together. The outer pipe 3 has an inlet for introducing the heat exchange medium, located above the U-shaped sleeve structure, and an outlet located below it. The inlet of the outer pipe 3 can exchange heat with the accompanying air flowing through the inner pipe 2 through the heat exchange medium, which can be liquid nitrogen. The outlet of the inner pipe 2 is connected to the accompanying air pipe 22 of the burner 1. The inlet of the inner pipe 2 is located below the U-shaped sleeve structure, and the outlet is located above it. The inner pipe 2 of the U-shaped sleeve structure can be vented with accompanying air, and the outer pipe 3 can be vented with the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange unit may also include a plate heat exchanger. The heat exchange unit can be independently replaced or upgraded, facilitating future maintenance and functional expansion.

[0039] Furthermore, the heating unit acts on the U-shaped sleeve structure, and the heating unit can heat the accompanying air in the inner pipe 2.

[0040] Specifically, the heating unit includes an electric heating belt 11 and a nano aerogel felt 12. The electric heating belt 11 is wrapped around the outside of the U-shaped sleeve structure. The electric heating belt 11 can directly heat the accompanying air in the inner pipe 2. The nano aerogel felt 12 is wrapped around the outside of the electric heating belt 11 as a heat insulation layer. The use of a nano aerogel heat insulation layer (or vacuum insulation layer) can significantly reduce energy loss and ensure temperature response speed.

[0041] Furthermore, the control unit includes a control cabinet, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and an oxygen concentration sensor. The first and second temperature sensors can be PT100 platinum resistance thermometers, employing a PTFE silver-plated shielded wire and a stainless steel probe structure.

[0042] Specifically, the first temperature sensor is connected to the control cabinet. The first temperature sensor can monitor the temperature of the accompanying air and feed it back to the control cabinet. The control cabinet can adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline 3 and / or adjust the power of the heating unit according to the temperature signal fed back by the first temperature sensor.

[0043] Specifically, the second temperature sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor are installed at the outlet end of the high-altitude exhaust pipe. The second temperature sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor are connected to the control cabinet. The second temperature sensor can monitor the temperature of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the high-altitude exhaust pipe and feed it back to the control cabinet. The oxygen concentration sensor can monitor the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the high-altitude exhaust pipe and feed it back to the control cabinet.

[0044] Furthermore, the air cylinder 4, the air pressure reducing valve 5, and the air mass flow meter 6 are connected in sequence through pipelines. The outlet of the air mass flow meter 6 is connected to the inlet of the inner pipeline 2. The air cylinder 4 supplies the accompanying air through the inlet of the inner pipeline 2 so that the accompanying air passes through the inner pipeline 2.

[0045] Furthermore, the liquid nitrogen supply subsystem includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank 7, a vacuum insulated pipeline 8 connected to the liquid nitrogen storage tank 7, a liquid nitrogen pressure reducing valve 9 installed on the vacuum insulated pipeline 8, and a cryogenic solenoid valve 10. The outlet of the cryogenic solenoid valve 10 is connected to the inlet of the external pipeline 3. The liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 7 is injected into the external pipeline 3 in liquid form through the liquid nitrogen pressure reducing valve 9 and the cryogenic solenoid valve 10 and completes phase change and heat absorption in the pipeline to achieve rapid cooling. Then the liquid nitrogen is discharged from the outlet of the external pipeline 3. The vacuum insulated pipeline 8 can be a high-pressure metal hose.

[0046] Furthermore, the exhaust gas treatment subsystem includes a gas-liquid separator 13, a recovery storage tank 14, an exhaust gas buffer tank 15, and an air pump 16. The inlet of the gas-liquid separator 13 is connected to the outlet of the external pipeline 3, and the gas-liquid separator 13 can separate the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the external pipeline 3. The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 13 is connected to the recovery storage tank 14, which is equipped with a pressure relief valve. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 13 is connected to the exhaust gas buffer tank 15, which is equipped with an interface for introducing ambient temperature gas. The bottom of the exhaust gas buffer tank 15 is connected to the air pump 16, and introducing ambient temperature gas can buffer the exhaust temperature. The top of the exhaust gas buffer tank 15 is connected to a high-altitude emission pipe to ensure safe emission.

[0047] Furthermore, the cryogenic solenoid valve 10, the liquid nitrogen pressure reducing valve 9, the gas mass flow meter 19, the air mass flow meter 6, and the oxygen concentration sensor are all interlocked with the control cabinet.

[0048] In some embodiments, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) closed-loop control system and a PT100 platinum resistance temperature sensor can be introduced to achieve real-time dynamic control of gas temperature and flow rate, improving the stability and consistency of experimental data. Parameter setting, data recording, and anomaly alarms can be completed through a graphical human-machine interface, improving experimental efficiency and enhancing safety.

[0049] In summary, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a combustion system, the combustion system including a burner, the burner having independent gas pipelines and accompanying air pipelines; a heat exchange unit, the heat exchange unit including a U-shaped sleeve structure, the U-shaped sleeve structure having an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline coaxially fitted, the outlet of the inner pipeline communicating with the accompanying air pipeline of the burner, the outer pipeline having an inlet for introducing a heat exchange medium, so as to exchange heat with the accompanying air flowing through the inner pipeline through the heat exchange medium; a heating unit, the heating unit acting on the U-shaped sleeve structure for heating the accompanying air in the inner pipeline; and a control unit, the control unit including a control cabinet and a first temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the accompanying air and feeding it back to the control cabinet, the control cabinet being configured to adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium introduced into the outer pipeline and / or adjust the power of the heating unit according to the temperature signal fed back by the first temperature sensor. Therefore, this system can precisely control the temperature of fuel gas and accompanying air, conduct full-cycle experimental observation and data acquisition of fires in high and low temperature environments, realize efficient conversion and real-time monitoring of gas heating and cooling, improve data consistency and repeatability, enhance high and wide temperature control capabilities, improve experimental efficiency and safety, and increase system integration.

[0050] refer to Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a high and low temperature environment fire simulation method according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation method of this invention may include the following steps: S301, set the target temperature of the accompanying air.

[0052] Specifically, the target temperature of the accompanying air can be set according to the application scenario, fuel characteristics, flame stability, and equipment performance. Enter the target temperature in the human-machine interface of the control cabinet.

[0053] S302, start the heat exchange unit and / or heating unit to cool or heat the accompanying air flowing through the inner pipeline; use the first temperature sensor to collect the actual temperature of the accompanying air in real time.

[0054] Specifically, the heat exchange unit and / or heating unit are activated to cool or heat the accompanying air flowing through the inner pipeline. The actual temperature of the accompanying air can be collected in real time by a first temperature sensor installed in the accompanying air pipeline of the burner. For example, when the target temperature is lower than the actual temperature, the heat exchange unit is activated to cool the air flowing through the inner pipe; when the target temperature is higher than the actual temperature, the heating unit is activated to heat the air flowing through the inner pipe.

[0055] S303 calculates the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, and dynamically adjusts the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit based on the deviation.

[0056] Specifically, after obtaining the target temperature and the actual temperature, the control cabinet calculates the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature. In other words, the absolute value of the difference between the target temperature and the actual temperature calculated by the control cabinet. The flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit are dynamically adjusted according to the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, so that the actual temperature is as close as possible to and stabilized at the target temperature.

[0057] S304, in response to the deviation value meeting the preset deviation value range, controls the combustion system to supply fuel to the gas pipeline and ignite it to conduct a fire simulation experiment. The preset deviation value range can be calibrated according to actual conditions.

[0058] Specifically, after obtaining the deviation value, it is determined whether the deviation value meets the preset deviation value range. When the deviation value meets the preset deviation range, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system enters steady-state mode, maintaining the opening of the low temperature solenoid valve or the heating power of the electric heating belt unchanged. At this time, the combustion system is controlled to supply fuel to the gas pipeline and ignite it to conduct a fire simulation experiment. This enables precise control of the temperature of fuel gas and accompanying air, full-cycle experimental observation and data acquisition of fires in high and low temperature environments, and achieves efficient conversion and real-time monitoring of gas heating and cooling.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, dynamically adjusting the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit based on the deviation value includes: determining whether the actual temperature is not less than a first preset temperature and less than a second preset temperature; in response to the actual temperature being not less than the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature, determining that the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in cooling mode, inputting the deviation value into a PID controller, calculating a first control signal, and converting the first control signal into an opening command for the low-temperature solenoid valve to adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline. The first preset temperature and the second preset temperature can be calibrated according to actual conditions.

[0060] Specifically, after obtaining the actual temperature, it is compared with a first preset temperature (e.g., -130℃) and a second preset temperature (e.g., 25℃) to determine whether the actual temperature is not less than the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature. If the actual temperature is not less than the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature, the heat exchange unit is activated, and the low-temperature solenoid valve is controlled according to the initial opening command. Turn on the system and ensure the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in cooling mode. Input the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature into the PID controller (or use fuzzy control or adaptive PID). The PID controller will then execute the preset parameters. , , Parameters, calculate the first control signal ,Right now

[0061] in, As a proportional term, when the deviation value When it increases, the first control signal Increase; The integral term accumulates small deviations to eliminate steady-state error; As the differential term, the output is adjusted according to the rate of change of the deviation to suppress overshoot.

[0062] The first control signal is converted into an opening command for the cryogenic solenoid valve. The cryogenic solenoid valve adjusts the flow rate of the heat exchange medium (such as liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide) entering the external pipeline according to the opening command. That is, the cryogenic solenoid valve opens according to the opening command, and the heat exchange medium flows through the vacuum-insulated pipeline and exits from the outlet of the external pipeline. The liquid nitrogen / nitrogen mixture in the external pipeline flows out from the outlet of the external pipeline and enters the gas-liquid separator. The gas-liquid separator separates the unvaporized liquid nitrogen and the vaporized nitrogen. The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to a recovery storage tank, and the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to an exhaust buffer tank. Ambient temperature gas is introduced into the exhaust buffer tank to raise the nitrogen temperature to a higher level.

[0063] When the actual temperature of the accompanying air meets the preset deviation range, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system enters steady state mode. The PID controller maintains the opening of the low temperature solenoid valve unchanged, and the first temperature sensor continuously monitors the actual temperature of the accompanying air. If the actual temperature of the accompanying air deviates from the target temperature due to external interference, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system will repeatedly calculate the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, and dynamically adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline according to the deviation value to maintain temperature stability.

[0064] Set the target flow rate on the control cabinet. The system adjusts the gas pressure reducing valve to make the actual flow reach the target flow, controls the combustion system to supply fuel to the gas pipeline and ignites it, and conducts a fire simulation experiment. If the actual temperature of the accompanying air deviates from the target temperature due to the reset (when the actual temperature is not less than the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature), the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system will repeatedly calculate the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, and dynamically adjust the opening of the low temperature solenoid valve according to the deviation value to dynamically adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present invention, dynamically adjusting the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit based on the deviation value further includes: determining whether the actual temperature is not less than a second preset temperature and less than a third preset temperature; wherein the third preset temperature is greater than the second preset temperature, and the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature; in response to the actual temperature being not less than the second preset temperature and less than the third preset temperature, confirming that the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in heating mode, inputting the deviation value into the PID controller, calculating a second control signal, and converting the second control signal into a heating power command for the electric heating belt to adjust the power of the heating unit. The third preset temperature can be calibrated according to actual conditions.

[0066] Specifically, the actual temperature is compared with the second and third preset temperatures (e.g., 300℃) to determine whether the actual temperature is not less than the second or third preset temperature. If the actual temperature is not less than the second or third preset temperature, the heating unit is activated and the initial heating power is applied. Turn on the heating to ensure the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in heating mode. Input the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature into the PID controller. The PID controller will then adjust the settings according to the preset parameters. , , Parameters, calculate the second control signal ,Right now

[0067] in, As a proportional term, when the deviation value When it increases, the second control signal Increase; The integral term accumulates small deviations to eliminate steady-state error; As the differential term, the output is adjusted according to the rate of change of the deviation to suppress overshoot.

[0068] The second control signal is converted into a heating power command for the electric heating belt. The electric heating belt adjusts the power of the heating unit according to the heating power command.

[0069] When the actual temperature of the accompanying air meets the preset deviation range, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system enters steady state mode. The PID controller maintains the heating power of the electric heating belt unchanged, and the first temperature sensor continuously monitors the actual temperature of the accompanying air. If the actual temperature of the accompanying air deviates from the target temperature due to external interference, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system will repeatedly calculate the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, and dynamically adjust the heating power of the electric heating belt according to the deviation to maintain temperature stability.

[0070] Set the target flow rate on the control cabinet. The system adjusts the gas pressure reducing valve to make the actual flow reach the target flow, controls the combustion system to supply fuel to the gas pipeline and ignites it, and conducts a fire simulation experiment. If the actual temperature of the accompanying air deviates from the target temperature due to the reset (the actual temperature is not less than the second preset temperature and less than the third preset temperature), the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system will repeatedly calculate the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, and dynamically adjust the heating power of the electric heating belt according to the deviation.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: cutting off the fuel supply in response to the end of the experiment; closing the cryogenic solenoid valve if the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in cooling mode at the end of the experiment; closing the electric heating belt if the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in heating mode at the end of the experiment; monitoring the safe temperature of the second temperature sensor, and turning off the air pump in response to the safe temperature reaching the safe temperature threshold. The safe temperature threshold can be calibrated according to actual conditions.

[0072] Specifically, at the end of the experiment, the fuel supply is cut off. It is then determined whether the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in cooling mode at the end of the experiment. If it is in cooling mode (meaning the actual temperature is not lower than the first preset temperature and is lower than the second preset temperature), the low-temperature solenoid valve and the gas mass flow meter are shut off. If it is not in cooling mode (meaning it is in heating mode, meaning the actual temperature is not lower than the second preset temperature and is lower than the third preset temperature), the electric heating belt and the gas mass flow meter are shut off. The safe temperature of the gas emitted from the outlet of the high-altitude exhaust pipe can be monitored by a second temperature sensor installed at the outlet end of the high-altitude exhaust pipe. This safe temperature is compared with a safe temperature threshold (e.g., 25°C) to determine if the safe temperature has reached the threshold. If the safe temperature has reached the threshold, the air pump is shut off, and the experiment ends.

[0073] As a specific embodiment, refer to Figure 4 The flowchart below shows a high and low temperature environment fire simulation method according to other embodiments of the present invention. The high and low temperature environment fire simulation method of the present invention may include the following steps: S401, set the target temperature of the accompanying air.

[0074] S402, Set the target flow rate of the accompanying air and introduce the accompanying air.

[0075] S403 uses the first temperature sensor to collect the actual temperature of the accompanying air in real time.

[0076] S404, determine whether the actual temperature is not less than the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature. If yes, proceed to step S405; if no, proceed to step S408.

[0077] S405, start the heat exchange unit and control the low-temperature solenoid valve to open according to the initial opening command.

[0078] S406 calculates the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, inputs the deviation value into the PID controller, calculates the first control signal, and converts the first control signal into an opening command for the cryogenic solenoid valve.

[0079] S407, the cryogenic solenoid valve adjusts the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline according to the opening command.

[0080] S408, start the heating unit and start heating according to the initial heating power.

[0081] S409 calculates the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, inputs the deviation value into the PID controller, calculates the second control signal, and converts the second control signal into a heating power command for the electric heating belt.

[0082] S410, the electric heating belt adjusts the power of the heating unit according to the heating power command.

[0083] Therefore, this invention provides a precise and rapid-response method for simulating fires in high and low temperature environments, enabling temperature regulation within a range of 130-300℃, and facilitating full-cycle experimental observation and data acquisition for fires in high and low temperature environments. By combining a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a high-efficiency electric heating belt and liquid nitrogen cooling, precise temperature control of the fuel gas and accompanying air is achieved. This allows for the study of the morphology and thermal distribution characteristics of combustible gas-air jet flames under different temperature conditions, making it suitable for fire safety research and assessment in extreme environments such as polar regions, high-altitude areas, and high-temperature industrial settings.

[0084] In summary, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation method according to embodiments of the present invention firstly sets the target temperature of the accompanying air; further, it activates the heat exchange unit and / or heating unit to cool or heat the accompanying air flowing through the inner pipeline; it then uses a first temperature sensor to collect the actual temperature of the accompanying air in real time; next, it calculates the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, and dynamically adjusts the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the outer pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit based on the deviation; finally, in response to the deviation meeting a preset deviation range, it controls the combustion system to supply fuel to the gas pipeline and ignite it to conduct a fire simulation experiment. Therefore, this method can precisely control the temperature of fuel gas and accompanying air, conduct full-cycle experimental observation and data acquisition for fires in high and low temperature environments, achieve efficient conversion and real-time monitoring of gas heating and cooling, improve data consistency and repeatability, enhance high and wide temperature control capabilities, and improve experimental efficiency and safety.

[0085] It should be noted that the method of this embodiment can be executed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method of this embodiment can also be applied to a distributed scenario, where multiple devices cooperate to complete the task. In such a distributed scenario, one of these devices may execute only one or more steps of the method of this embodiment, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the above method.

[0086] It should be noted that the above description describes some embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps described in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0087] For ease of description, the above system is described by dividing it into various modules based on their functions. Of course, in implementing this invention, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware components.

[0088] The system described in the above embodiments is used to implement the corresponding method in any of the foregoing embodiments and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0089] Corresponding to the above embodiments, the present invention also proposes an electronic device.

[0090] refer to Figure 5The diagram below is a block diagram of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present invention. It illustrates a more specific hardware structure of the electronic device provided in this embodiment. The device may include: a processor 510, a memory 520, an input / output interface 530, a communication interface 540, and a bus 550. The processor 510, memory 520, input / output interface 530, and communication interface 540 are interconnected internally via the bus 550.

[0091] The processor 510 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0092] The memory 520 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 520 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 520 and is called and executed by the processor 510.

[0093] Input / output interface 530 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. Input / output modules can be configured as components in the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, touch screens, microphones, various sensors, etc., and output devices may include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0094] The communication interface 540 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0095] Bus 550 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 510, memory 520, input / output interface 530, and communication interface 540.

[0096] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 510, memory 520, input / output interface 530, communication interface 540, and bus 550, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this specification, and not necessarily all the components shown in the figures.

[0097] The electronic devices described above are used to implement the corresponding methods in any of the foregoing embodiments and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0098] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the methods of any of the above embodiments.

[0099] The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium or data storage device that a computer can access, including but not limited to magnetic storage (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, magneto-optical disks (MOs), etc.), optical storage (e.g., CDs, DVDs, BDs, HVDs, etc.), and semiconductor storage (e.g., ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, non-volatile memory (NAND flash), solid-state drives (SSDs)).

[0100] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiments are used to cause the computer to perform the methods of any of the above exemplary method sections, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0101] Furthermore, although the operations of the method of the present invention are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in that specific order, or that all of the operations shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Rather, the steps depicted in the flowchart may be performed in a different order. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be broken down into multiple steps.

[0102] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0103] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed after the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0104] While the spirit and principles of the invention have been described with reference to several specific embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed specific embodiments, and the division of aspects does not imply that features in these aspects cannot be combined for benefit; such division is merely for ease of description. The invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The scope of the appended claims is to be interpreted in the broadest sense, thereby encompassing all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.

Claims

1. A high and low temperature environment fire simulation system, characterized in that, include: The combustion system includes a burner (1), which is provided with independent gas pipelines (21) and accompanying air pipelines (22). The heat exchange unit includes a U-shaped sleeve structure, which has an inner pipe (2) and an outer pipe (3) coaxially sleeved. The outlet of the inner pipe (2) is connected to the accompaniment air pipe (22) of the burner (1). The outer pipe (3) is provided with an inlet for introducing the heat exchange medium so as to exchange heat with the accompaniment air flowing through the inner pipe (2) through the heat exchange medium. A heating unit, which acts on the U-shaped sleeve structure, is used to heat the accompanying air in the inner pipe (2); The control unit includes a control cabinet and a first temperature sensor. The first temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the accompanying air and feed it back to the control cabinet. The control cabinet is configured to adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline (3) and / or adjust the power of the heating unit according to the temperature signal fed back by the first temperature sensor.

2. The high and low temperature environment fire simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The burner (1) includes a stainless steel cylinder (20) and a honeycomb ceramic body (23) disposed on the top of the stainless steel cylinder (20). The gas pipeline (21) is located on the central axis of the stainless steel cylinder (20). The accompanying air pipeline (22) is arranged in a ring around the gas pipeline (21). The accompanying air pipeline (22) is equipped with a first temperature sensor.

3. The high and low temperature environment fire simulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The combustion system also includes a gas cylinder (17), a gas pressure reducing valve (18), and a gas mass flow meter (19) connected in sequence by pipelines, with the outlet of the gas mass flow meter (19) connected to the gas pipeline (21).

4. The high and low temperature environment fire simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an air cylinder (4), an air pressure reducing valve (5) and an air mass flow meter (6) connected in sequence by a pipeline, with the outlet of the air mass flow meter (6) connected to the inlet of the inner pipeline (2).

5. The high and low temperature environment fire simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange medium is liquid nitrogen; The system also includes a liquid nitrogen supply subsystem, which includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank (7), a vacuum insulated pipeline (8) connected to the liquid nitrogen storage tank (7), a liquid nitrogen pressure reducing valve (9) installed on the vacuum insulated pipeline (8), and a cryogenic solenoid valve (10). The outlet of the cryogenic solenoid valve (10) is connected to the inlet of the external pipeline (3).

6. The high and low temperature environment fire simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating unit includes an electric heating band (11) and a nano aerogel felt (12). The electric heating band (11) is wrapped around the outside of the U-shaped sleeve structure, and the nano aerogel felt (12) is wrapped around the outside of the electric heating band (11) as a heat insulation layer.

7. The high and low temperature environment fire simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The exhaust gas treatment subsystem includes a gas-liquid separator (13), a recovery storage tank (14), and an exhaust buffer tank (15). The inlet of the gas-liquid separator (13) is connected to the outlet of the external pipeline (3) to separate the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the external pipeline (3). The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator (13) is connected to the recovery storage tank (14), and the recovery storage tank (14) is equipped with a pressure relief valve. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator (13) is connected to the exhaust buffer tank (15). The exhaust buffer tank (15) is equipped with an interface for introducing ambient temperature gas and is connected to an air pump (16). The top of the exhaust buffer tank (15) is connected to a high-altitude discharge pipe, and a second temperature sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor are installed at the outlet of the high-altitude discharge pipe.

8. A method for simulating fires in high and low temperature environments, characterized in that, The method, applied to the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprises: Set the target temperature for the accompanying airflow; Start the heat exchange unit and / or the heating unit to cool or heat the accompanying air flowing through the inner pipeline; use the first temperature sensor to collect the actual temperature of the accompanying air in real time; Calculate the deviation between the target temperature and the actual temperature, and dynamically adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit based on the deviation. In response to the deviation value meeting the preset deviation value range, the combustion system is controlled to supply fuel to the gas pipeline and ignite it to conduct a fire simulation experiment.

9. The high and low temperature environment fire simulation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of dynamically adjusting the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit based on the deviation value includes: Determine whether the actual temperature is not less than a first preset temperature and is less than a second preset temperature; In response to the actual temperature being not less than the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is determined to be in cooling mode. The deviation value is input into the PID controller to calculate the first control signal, and the first control signal is converted into an opening command for the low temperature solenoid valve to adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline.

10. The high and low temperature environment fire simulation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The step of dynamically adjusting the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the external pipeline and / or the power of the heating unit based on the deviation value further includes: Determine whether the actual temperature is not less than the second preset temperature and less than the third preset temperature; wherein the third preset temperature is greater than the second preset temperature, and the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature; In response to the actual temperature being not less than the second preset temperature and less than the third preset temperature, the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is confirmed to be in heating mode. The deviation value is input into the PID controller to calculate the second control signal, and the second control signal is converted into a heating power command for the electric heating belt to adjust the power of the heating unit.

11. The high and low temperature environment fire simulation method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to the end of the experiment, the fuel supply was cut off; If the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in cooling mode at the end of the experiment, close the low temperature solenoid valve. If the high and low temperature environment fire simulation system is in heating mode at the end of the experiment, turn off the electric heating belt; Monitor the safe temperature of the second temperature sensor, and shut down the air pump when the safe temperature reaches the safe temperature threshold.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the high and low temperature environment fire simulation method as described in any one of claims 8 to 11.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the high and low temperature environment fire simulation method as described in any one of claims 8 to 11.

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