Energy storage power station thermal management control system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a thermal management control system for an energy storage power station, including a battery cluster, a compressor cooling circuit, a natural air cooling circuit, a three-way valve, a sensor module, and a controller. The three-way valve is used to switch the connection state between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural air cooling circuit. By distinguishing between the charging / discharging and static states of the battery cluster to execute differentiated first and second thermal management strategies, the three-way valve is controlled to switch between the compressor cooling circuit and the natural air cooling circuit based on temperature information, thereby reducing the overall operating energy consumption of the energy storage thermal management system. In the waiting state, the predicted start temperature of the next working cycle is determined based on future ambient temperature prediction and battery temperature rise trend, allowing for advance assessment of battery status and achieving time-dimensional optimization of energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, and in particular to a thermal management control system and method for energy storage power stations. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of new energy storage systems, thermal management technology for energy storage batteries is crucial for ensuring safe operation and extending battery life. Excessively high temperatures accelerate aging and may even trigger thermal runaway, while low temperatures can significantly degrade battery performance. To ensure batteries operate at their optimal state and extend their lifespan, a temperature control system is typically configured to strictly control the battery temperature within a preset ideal temperature range.

[0003] Most current battery thermal management technologies employ a real-time closed-loop control strategy based on the current battery state and ambient temperature. This means that once the battery temperature deviates from a preset ideal temperature range, a cooling or heating device is immediately activated to intervene and maintain a constant temperature. For example, Chinese patent CN119650964A discloses a temperature control system and method for a lithium-ion battery energy storage system, which determines whether to activate a heating device based on the battery temperature difference. Another example is Chinese patent CN115764079A, which discloses a temperature control method, device, equipment, and medium for a battery management system. Once the battery temperature exceeds a set range, a thermal management device is immediately activated to intervene and maintain the current temperature target.

[0004] However, this passive, real-time control strategy ignores the potential for energy optimization over time. This leads to frequent activation of the high-energy-consuming compressor cooling system during periods of high ambient temperature or peak electricity prices, even when the battery is in a static state with minimal heat generation, in order to maintain a lower ideal temperature, resulting in significant energy waste. In particular, the lack of predictive ability for future ambient temperature changes and the next operating cycle prevents the intelligent utilization of future free cooling sources for heat dissipation, and also hinders the strategic allowance of temporary temperature increases to achieve temporal heat transfer.

[0005] In view of the above, this application is hereby submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a thermal management control system and method for energy storage power stations, which solves the technical problem of high energy consumption in thermal management control of energy storage power stations in the prior art, and achieves the technical effect of reducing the energy consumption of thermal management control of energy storage power stations.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a thermal management control system for an energy storage power station, including: a battery cluster, a compressor cooling circuit, a natural wind cooling circuit, a three-way valve, a sensor module, and a controller; The three-way valve is used to switch the connection status between the battery pack and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural air cooling circuit. The controller is configured as follows: The control sensor module acquires ambient temperature, total current of the battery cluster, highest cell temperature, average cell temperature, and lowest cell temperature. The total current of the battery cluster determines whether the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state or in a static state. When the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state, the first thermal management strategy is executed; When the battery cluster is in a static state, a second thermal management strategy is implemented; the second thermal management strategy includes: The system determines whether to enter heat dissipation mode or heating mode based on ambient temperature, maximum cell temperature, average cell temperature and minimum cell temperature. Under heat dissipation conditions, if the highest temperature of the battery cell is lower than the preset safe cooling threshold, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature. According to the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit, and the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate. When the ambient temperature is higher than the preset heat dissipation temperature, the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to enter a waiting state. In the waiting state, the predicted starting temperature of the next working cycle of the battery cluster is determined based on the highest temperature of the battery cell, the average temperature of the battery cell, the temperature rise trend of the battery cluster and the future ambient temperature information. If the predicted starting temperature exceeds the preset safe starting temperature, the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate according to the predictive forced cooling condition.

[0008] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the first thermal management strategy includes: The system determines whether to enter heat dissipation mode or heating mode based on ambient temperature, maximum cell temperature, average cell temperature and minimum cell temperature. Under heat dissipation conditions, if the highest temperature of the battery cell is higher than the preset cooling activation threshold, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature. According to the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit, and the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate. The preset cooling activation threshold is lower than the preset safe cooling threshold.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, a target cooling mode is determined based on ambient temperature information. The connection state between the battery pack and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural air cooling circuit is switched using a three-way valve according to the target cooling mode, and the operation of the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled, including: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the natural air cooling mode will be used as the target cooling mode. The three-way valve will be switched to connect the battery cluster to the natural air cooling circuit, the natural air cooling circuit will be started, and the compressor cooling circuit will be shut down. If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information reaches the first preset temperature threshold but does not exceed the second preset temperature threshold, the hybrid cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode. The three-way valve is controlled to switch to the battery cluster and simultaneously connect to the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit. The natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit are then started. If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information exceeds the second preset temperature threshold, the compressor cooling mode will be used as the target cooling mode. The three-way valve will be switched to connect the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit, the compressor cooling circuit will be started, and the natural wind cooling circuit will be shut down.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the controller is further configured as follows: When the target cooling mode is the hybrid command mode or the compressor refrigeration mode, the target value of the condensing temperature is adjusted according to the ambient temperature information, and the compressor in the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to operate according to the target value of the condensing temperature, so that the compressor operates at the operating point corresponding to the highest energy efficiency ratio at the current ambient temperature.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the system further includes a PTC heater, and the first thermal management strategy and / or the second thermal management strategy further includes: If the lowest cell temperature does not exceed the preset minimum temperature and the average cell temperature does not exceed the preset minimum average temperature, the system enters the heating mode and controls the PTC heater to start.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, determining whether the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state or a static state based on the total current of the battery cluster includes: When the total current of the battery cluster reaches the preset current value, it is determined that the battery cluster is in a charging and discharging state; If the battery cluster is in a static state for a period of time when the total current of the battery cluster is less than the preset current value, the battery cluster is determined to be in a static state.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the controller is further configured as follows: When the maximum temperature of the battery cell reaches the preset safety threshold, a safety thermal management strategy is executed. The control commands of the safety thermal management strategy have a higher priority than the control commands of the first thermal management strategy and the second thermal management strategy. Safe thermal management strategies include: The three-way valve is switched to connect to the battery cluster and the natural air cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit. The water pump and fan in the natural air cooling circuit are controlled to run at maximum power, and the compressor in the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to run at maximum power. An alarm signal is generated, which is used to alert the monitoring center to an over-temperature warning.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, the predicted starting temperature of the next working cycle of the battery cluster is determined based on the highest cell temperature, the average cell temperature, the temperature rise trend of the battery cluster, and future ambient temperature information, including: Determine the remaining time between the expected start time of the next working cycle and the current working time. Use the ratio of the average ambient temperature in the remaining time to the average cell temperature in the future ambient temperature information as a coefficient, and determine the predicted starting temperature through formula (1). T_predict=Tmax+α×Vrise×Δt; (1) Where T_predict is the predicted starting temperature, Tmax is the highest temperature of the cell, α is the ratio of the average ambient temperature to the average cell temperature in the remaining time in the future ambient temperature information, Vrise is the average temperature rise rate in the battery cluster temperature rise trend, and Δt is the remaining time between the expected start time of the next working cycle and the current working time.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the system further includes a battery cluster liquid cooling plate, a water tank and a water pump connected in sequence, wherein the battery cluster liquid cooling plate is used to exchange heat with the battery cluster; The compressor cooling circuit includes a first heat exchanger, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve connected in sequence; the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and one channel of the first heat exchanger form a refrigerant circuit; the first output end of the three-way valve is connected to another channel of the first heat exchanger, so that the first heat exchanger, battery cluster liquid cooling plate, water tank, and water pump form a first coolant circuit; The natural air-cooled circuit includes a plate heat exchanger, a water pump, and a fan; the fan and one channel of the plate heat exchanger form an air circulation circuit; the second output end of the three-way valve is connected to another channel of the plate heat exchanger, so that the plate heat exchanger, battery cluster liquid cooling plate, water tank, and water pump form a second coolant circuit.

[0016] Secondly, this application provides a thermal management control method for an energy storage power station, which is compatible with the controller provided in the first aspect. The method includes: The control sensor module acquires ambient temperature, total current of the battery cluster, highest cell temperature, average cell temperature, and lowest cell temperature. The total current of the battery cluster determines whether the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state or in a static state. When the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state, the first thermal management strategy is executed; When the battery cluster is in a static state, a second thermal management strategy is implemented; the second thermal management strategy includes: The system determines whether to enter heat dissipation mode or heating mode based on ambient temperature, maximum cell temperature, average cell temperature and minimum cell temperature. Under heat dissipation conditions, if the highest temperature of the battery cell is lower than the preset safe cooling threshold, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature. According to the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit, and the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate. When the ambient temperature is higher than the preset heat dissipation temperature, the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to enter a waiting state. In the waiting state, the predicted starting temperature of the next working cycle of the battery cluster is determined based on the highest temperature of the battery cell, the average temperature of the battery cell, the temperature rise trend of the battery cluster and the future ambient temperature information. If the predicted starting temperature exceeds the preset safe starting temperature, the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate according to the predictive forced cooling condition.

[0017] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. By distinguishing between the charging / discharging and resting states of battery clusters and implementing differentiated first and second thermal management strategies, it is possible to ensure the safe operation of batteries during charging / discharging and to fully tap the energy-saving potential during resting, thereby effectively improving the overall operational economy of the energy storage thermal management system.

[0018] 2. In the waiting state, the predicted start temperature of the next working cycle is calculated based on the future ambient temperature prediction and battery temperature rise trend. This allows for early assessment of the battery status, which not only avoids the battery temperature from exceeding the standard in the next working cycle, but also achieves time-dimensional optimization of energy consumption.

[0019] 3. In the hybrid refrigeration and compressor refrigeration modes, the target value of the condensing temperature is adjusted according to the ambient temperature, so that the compressor always operates at the highest energy efficiency ratio operating point under the current environment, which further improves the operating efficiency of the compressor under changing ambient temperature and minimizes the power consumption in the refrigeration process.

[0020] 4. By switching between the compressor cooling circuit and the natural air cooling circuit via a three-way valve, the system can intelligently select pure natural air cooling, hybrid cooling, or compressor cooling mode according to the ambient temperature. This fully utilizes the natural cold source in low-temperature environments, reducing the overall operating energy consumption of the energy storage thermal management system.

[0021] 5. Based on the minimum and average temperatures of the battery cells, the heating mode is precisely triggered and the operation of the PTC heater is controlled. This can promptly raise the temperature when the battery temperature is too low, ensuring the normal charging and discharging performance of the battery in low-temperature environments and extending the battery's service life.

[0022] 6. Set the highest priority safety thermal management strategy. When the cell temperature reaches the safety threshold, force the dual cooling circuit to open and operate at maximum power, and send an alarm signal at the same time to provide reliable safety protection for battery operation and avoid safety hazards caused by overheating. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a thermal management control system for an energy storage power station provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a thermal management control method for an energy storage power station provided in an embodiment of this application; In the above diagram: 11. First heat exchanger; 12. Compressor; 13. Condenser; 14. Expansion valve; 2. Plate heat exchanger; 21. Fan; 3. Three-way valve; 4. PTC heater; 5. Battery cluster liquid cooling plate; 6. Water tank; 7. Water pump. Detailed Implementation

[0025] This application provides a thermal management control system and method for energy storage power stations, which solves the technical problem of high energy consumption in the thermal management control of energy storage power stations in the prior art.

[0026] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0027] Example 1 This application provides embodiments such as Figure 1 The thermal management control system of the energy storage power station shown includes: a battery cluster (not shown in the figure), a compressor cooling circuit, a natural wind cooling circuit, a three-way valve 3, a sensor module (not shown in the figure), and a controller (not shown in the figure).

[0028] Furthermore, the system also includes a PTC heater 4, a battery cluster liquid cooling plate 5, a water tank 6, and a water pump 7 connected in sequence. The output end of the water pump 7 is connected to the input end of the three-way valve 3. The battery cluster liquid cooling plate 5 is used for heat exchange with the battery cluster. The three-way valve 3 is used to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit.

[0029] Figure 1 Solid lines represent coolant circuits, and arrows indicate the direction of coolant flow; dashed lines represent refrigerant circuits, and arrows indicate the direction of refrigerant flow.

[0030] The compressor cooling circuit includes a first heat exchanger 11, a compressor 12, a condenser 13, and an expansion valve 14 connected in sequence. The compressor 12, condenser 13, expansion valve 14, and one channel of the first heat exchanger 11 form a refrigerant circuit; the first output end of the three-way valve 3 is connected to another channel of the first heat exchanger 11, so that the first heat exchanger 11, the battery cluster liquid cooling plate 5, the water tank 6, and the water pump 7 form a first coolant circuit.

[0031] The natural air cooling circuit includes a plate heat exchanger 2, a water pump 7, and a fan 21. The fan 21 forms an air circulation circuit with one channel in the plate heat exchanger 2; the second output end of the three-way valve 3 is connected to another channel in the plate heat exchanger 2, so that the plate heat exchanger 2, the battery cluster liquid cooling plate 5, the water tank 6, and the water pump 7 form a second coolant circuit.

[0032] The sensor module includes: a current sensor for acquiring the total current of the battery cluster; a cell temperature sensor group for acquiring the highest cell temperature, the average cell temperature, and the lowest cell temperature; and an ambient temperature sensor group, which includes at least two ambient temperature sensors with radiation shields deployed at different locations on the outside of the container of the energy storage power station (e.g., the sun-facing side of the container and the air inlet of the unit condenser 13 and the natural air-cooled radiator) for acquiring the ambient temperature.

[0033] The controller is configured to execute steps S1-S4.

[0034] Step S1: Control the sensor module to acquire ambient temperature, total current of battery cluster, highest cell temperature, average cell temperature and lowest cell temperature; Step S2: Determine whether the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state or a stationary state based on the total current of the battery cluster. Step S3: When the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state, execute the first thermal management strategy; Step S4: When the battery cluster is in a quiescent state, execute the second thermal management strategy.

[0035] Regarding step S1, the control sensor module acquires the ambient temperature, the total current of the battery cluster, the highest temperature of the cell, the average temperature of the cell, and the lowest temperature of the cell.

[0036] Ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the air outside the energy storage container. It is usually collected by an ambient temperature sensor with a radiation shield, which is deployed in a specific location on the outside of the container (such as the shaded side and the air inlet of the unit condenser 13 and the natural air-cooled radiator). It is used to reflect the current external climate conditions of the battery and the availability of natural cold sources.

[0037] The total current of a battery cluster refers to the magnitude of the current output or input of the battery cluster as a whole under working conditions. It is monitored by a current sensor to determine whether the battery cluster is currently in an active charging / discharging state or in a static, non-charging / discharging state.

[0038] The highest temperature of a battery cell refers to the highest temperature value among all individual cells in a battery cluster. It is obtained through monitoring by a group of temperature sensors and is used to reflect the hot spot status inside the battery.

[0039] The average cell temperature refers to the statistical average of the current temperature data of all individual cells in the battery cluster. It is used to represent the average heat load level of the battery as a whole and to reflect the overall operating temperature environment of the battery.

[0040] The lowest cell temperature refers to the lowest temperature value among all individual cells in a battery cluster. It reflects the low-temperature limit inside the battery and prevents the battery from being affected by excessively low temperatures, thus protecting its charging and discharging performance or causing damage.

[0041] In step S1, the controller instructs the sensor module to initiate a data acquisition program. Specifically, the controller reads the total current of the battery cluster in real time from the current sensor connected to the battery cluster to monitor its operating status. Simultaneously, it obtains the highest, average, and lowest cell temperatures from the cell temperature sensor array deployed inside the battery module, thereby comprehensively understanding the temperature distribution between individual battery cells and the overall thermal state. The controller also synchronously reads data collected by ambient temperature sensors located at different positions on the outside of the energy storage container (e.g., the shaded side and the unit's air inlet) equipped with radiation shields to obtain accurate ambient temperature data.

[0042] Regarding step S2, the total current of the battery cluster determines whether the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state or in a static state.

[0043] Specifically, when the total current of the battery cluster reaches a preset current value, the battery cluster is determined to be in a charging / discharging state. When the actual duration for which the total current of the battery cluster is less than the preset current value reaches a preset duration, the battery cluster is determined to be in a stationary state.

[0044] For example, if |I| ≥ 5A, the battery is determined to be in a charging / discharging state. If the state of |I| < 5A lasts for 60 seconds, the battery is determined to be in a resting state. Here, |I| is the total current of the battery cluster, with a preset current value of 5A and a preset duration of 60 seconds.

[0045] Regarding step S3, when the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state, the first thermal management strategy is executed.

[0046] In this state, the system's primary goal is to ensure battery safety under high-power charging and discharging, control the battery temperature within a normal safe range (such as 20°C to 33°C), and reduce energy consumption by optimizing the operation of the thermal management unit.

[0047] The first thermal management strategy includes steps S31-S33.

[0048] Step S31: Determine whether to enter heat dissipation mode or heat generation mode based on ambient temperature, highest cell temperature, average cell temperature and lowest cell temperature. Step S32: If the lowest temperature of the battery cell does not exceed the preset minimum temperature and the average temperature of the battery cell does not exceed the preset minimum average temperature, the heating mode is entered and the PTC heater 4 is started. Step S33: Under heat dissipation conditions, if the highest temperature of the battery cell is higher than the preset cooling start threshold, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature. The three-way valve 3 is controlled to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit according to the target cooling mode, and the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate. The preset cooling start threshold is lower than the preset safe cooling threshold.

[0049] The target cooling modes in the first thermal management strategy include natural air cooling mode, hybrid cooling mode, and compressor cooling mode.

[0050] In other words, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature, and the connection status between the battery pack and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit is switched according to the target cooling mode, and the operation of the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled, including steps S331-S333.

[0051] Step S331: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the natural air cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve 3 is controlled to switch to the connection between the battery cluster and the natural air cooling circuit, the natural air cooling circuit is started, and the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to be shut down. Step S332: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information reaches the first preset temperature threshold and does not exceed the second preset temperature threshold, the hybrid cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve 3 is controlled to switch to the battery cluster and connect to the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit, and the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit are controlled to start. Step S333: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information exceeds the second preset temperature threshold, the compressor cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve 3 is controlled to switch to the connection between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit, the compressor cooling circuit is started, and the natural wind cooling circuit is closed.

[0052] When the target cooling mode is the hybrid command mode or the compressor refrigeration mode, the target value of the condensing temperature is adjusted according to the ambient temperature information and the compressor 12 in the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to operate according to the target value of the condensing temperature, so that the compressor 12 operates at the operating point corresponding to the highest energy efficiency ratio at the current ambient temperature.

[0053] For example, the preset cooling start threshold is 33℃, Tmin is the lowest temperature of the battery cell, Tmax is the highest temperature of the battery cell, Tavg is the average temperature of the battery cell, Tenv is the ambient temperature, the first preset temperature threshold is 5℃, and the second preset temperature threshold is 20℃.

[0054] If Tmin ≤ 12℃ and Tavg ≤ 15℃, the unit enters heating mode until Tmin ≥ 20℃, at which point it exits heating mode. If 15℃ ≤ Tmax < 33℃, the cooling unit does not operate. If Tmax ≥ 33℃ and Tavg ≥ 27℃, the unit enters cooling mode, starting the compressor cooling circuit. However, it does not operate at a fixed power; instead, it dynamically adjusts the condensing temperature to control the compressor 12's power: the controller dynamically calculates and sets the target condensing temperature value (Tset = Tenv + ΔT, where Tset is the target condensing temperature value and ΔT is an adjustable heat transfer temperature difference of 5-10℃) based on the real-time ambient temperature (Tenv), ensuring that the compressor 12 always operates within the highest COP range under the current environment. This efficient cooling strategy based on ambient temperature cools the battery cells until Tmax < 27℃ or Tavg ≤ 24℃, at which point it exits this cooling mode.

[0055] Triggering condition for natural air cooling mode: Tenv ≤ 5℃. Action: The controller outputs a command to switch the three-way valve 3 to the natural cooling circuit. Compressor 12 is completely shut down; only the water pump and fan in the natural cooling circuit are activated, utilizing the low-temperature ambient air to dissipate heat from the battery coolant through the plate heat exchanger 2. Exit condition: If Tenv > 5℃, and the natural cooling capacity is insufficient, the natural air cooling mode is exited.

[0056] Triggering condition for hybrid cooling mode: Tenv ≤ 20℃. Actions: Coolant can be controlled to flow simultaneously through both the natural air-cooled radiator and the heat exchanger, achieving hybrid heat dissipation. The compressor cooling circuit is activated, but instead of simply setting the condensing temperature to a fixed value, a dynamic condensing temperature adjustment strategy is adopted: Tset = Tenv + ΔT (where ΔT is an adjustable heat transfer temperature difference of 5-10℃). This strategy forces compressor 12 to operate at the point where its coefficient of performance (COP) is highest under the current ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the natural air-cooling circuit is opened to maximize energy savings. Exit condition: If Tenv > 20℃, and the natural air cooling capacity is insufficient, the hybrid cooling mode is exited.

[0057] Triggering condition for compressor cooling mode: Tenv > 20℃. Action: Close the natural air cooling circuit and start the compressor cooling circuit. A dynamic condensing temperature adjustment strategy is used instead of setting the condensing temperature to a fixed value, ensuring that compressor 12 operates at the point of highest energy efficiency ratio (COP) under the current ambient temperature, rather than blindly operating at high intensity. Exit condition: When the battery temperature reaches the set target, the compressor cooling mode is exited.

[0058] Regarding step S4, when the battery cluster is in a quiescent state, the second thermal management strategy is executed.

[0059] The second thermal management strategy reduces cooling energy consumption through a heat dissipation waiting mechanism and predictive control. At this time, the battery does not generate heat, and considering that a certain degree of high-temperature storage has little impact on battery life, the thermal management unit is given priority to make efficient use of the ambient cold source to reduce unit energy consumption, and predictive control is introduced to ensure availability in the next cycle.

[0060] Based on the ambient temperature, the liquid cooling system lowers the battery temperature to and maintains it at the ideal starting temperature for the next charge / discharge cycle (e.g., 25°C). Compared to the preset cooling activation threshold corresponding to the first thermal management strategy, the preset safe cooling threshold corresponding to the second thermal management strategy is higher (e.g., 45°C). Taking advantage of the fact that the battery generates less heat at this temperature, the heat dissipation of the battery is delayed. When the ambient temperature is high, heat dissipation is temporarily suspended, and after the ambient temperature decreases, the battery can make full use of the ambient cold source for cooling.

[0061] The second thermal management strategy includes steps S41-S44.

[0062] Step S41: Determine whether to enter heat dissipation mode or heating mode based on ambient temperature, highest cell temperature, average cell temperature and lowest cell temperature. Step S42: If the lowest temperature of the battery cell does not exceed the preset minimum temperature and the average temperature of the battery cell does not exceed the preset minimum average temperature, the heating mode is entered and the PTC heater 4 is started. Step S43: Under heat dissipation conditions, if the highest temperature of the battery cell is lower than the preset safe cooling threshold, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature. The three-way valve 3 is controlled to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit according to the target cooling mode, and the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate. Step S44: When the ambient temperature is higher than the preset heat dissipation temperature, control the corresponding cooling circuit to enter the waiting state; in the waiting state, determine the predicted starting temperature of the next working cycle of the battery cluster based on the highest temperature of the battery cell, the average temperature of the battery cell, the temperature rise trend of the battery cluster and the future ambient temperature information; when the predicted starting temperature exceeds the preset safe starting temperature, control the corresponding cooling circuit to operate according to the predictive forced cooling condition.

[0063] Specifically, the predicted starting temperature of the next working cycle of the battery cluster is determined based on the highest temperature of the battery cell, the average temperature of the battery cell, the temperature rise trend of the battery cluster and the future ambient temperature information. This includes: determining the remaining time between the expected start time of the next working cycle and the current working time, using the ratio of the average ambient temperature in the remaining time to the average temperature of the battery cell in the future ambient temperature information as a coefficient, and determining the predicted starting temperature through formula (1). T_predict=Tmax+α×Vrise×Δt; (1) Where T_predict is the predicted starting temperature, Tmax is the highest temperature of the cell, α is the ratio of the average ambient temperature to the average cell temperature in the remaining time in the future ambient temperature information, Vrise is the average temperature rise rate in the battery cluster temperature rise trend, and Δt is the remaining time between the expected start time of the next working cycle and the current working time.

[0064] For example, if Tmin≤12℃ and Tavg≤15℃, heating is enabled until Tmin≥20℃ and heating mode is exited; if Tmax≥45℃, an efficient cooling strategy based on ambient temperature is immediately activated until the temperature is below this threshold.

[0065] If Tmax < 45℃, then the ambient temperature Tenv is checked, and the appropriate cooling strategy is determined based on the ambient temperature. If Tenv ≤ 28℃: a free cooling source exists, and the system enters heat dissipation mode. Further options include pure natural cooling (Tenv ≤ 5℃), dynamic adjustment of compressor 12 cooling, or a hybrid cooling mode, depending on the Tenv level. If Tenv > 28℃: heat dissipation energy consumption is high, therefore the heat dissipation system remains shut down, and the system enters a waiting state.

[0066] While in a waiting state, the system obtains the weather temperature forecast for the next 24 hours, the estimated start time of the next work cycle, and calculates the remaining time Δt between the current time and the estimated start time. The system also reads the battery's highest temperature change data over the past 30 minutes and calculates its average temperature rise rate Vrise (unit: ℃ / min). Based on the current battery Tmax, Tenv, and the historical average temperature rise rate, a linear extrapolation method is used to predict the battery temperature T_predict after Δt. The calculation formula is as follows: T_predict=Tmax+α×Vrise×Δt. Where α is the ratio of the average ambient temperature predicted based on the future Δt to the average battery temperature over the historical 30 minutes.

[0067] If the prediction indicates that T_predict will be higher than the safe starting temperature for the next cycle, the corresponding cooling circuit will be controlled to operate under the predictive forced cooling condition, that is, forced cooling will be started in advance (e.g., entering natural air cooling mode, hybrid cooling mode, and compressor cooling mode in advance) to ensure that the battery is in optimal condition at the start of the next cycle; if the predicted temperature is safe, then continue to wait.

[0068] The target cooling modes in the second thermal management strategy include natural air cooling mode, hybrid cooling mode, and compressor cooling mode.

[0069] In other words, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature, and the connection status between the battery pack and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit is switched according to the target cooling mode, and the operation of the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled, including steps S431-S433.

[0070] Step S431: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the natural air cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve 3 is controlled to switch to the connection between the battery cluster and the natural air cooling circuit, the natural air cooling circuit is started, and the compressor cooling circuit is turned off. Step S432: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information reaches the first preset temperature threshold and does not exceed the second preset temperature threshold, the hybrid cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve 3 is controlled to switch to the battery cluster and connect to the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit, and the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit are controlled to start. Step S433: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information exceeds the second preset temperature threshold, the compressor cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve 3 is controlled to switch to the connection between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit, the compressor cooling circuit is started, and the natural wind cooling circuit is closed.

[0071] When the target cooling mode is the hybrid command mode or the compressor refrigeration mode, the target value of the condensing temperature is adjusted according to the ambient temperature information and the compressor 12 in the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to operate according to the target value of the condensing temperature, so that the compressor 12 operates at the operating point corresponding to the highest energy efficiency ratio at the current ambient temperature.

[0072] For example, the first preset temperature threshold is 5°C and the second preset temperature threshold is 20°C.

[0073] Triggering condition for natural air cooling mode: Tenv ≤ 5℃. Action: The controller outputs a command to switch the three-way valve 3 to the natural cooling circuit. Compressor 12 is completely shut down; only the water pump and fan in the natural cooling circuit are activated, utilizing the low-temperature ambient air to dissipate heat from the battery coolant through the plate heat exchanger 2. Exit condition: If Tenv > 5℃, and the natural cooling capacity is insufficient, the natural air cooling mode is exited.

[0074] Triggering condition for hybrid cooling mode: Tenv ≤ 20℃. Actions: Coolant can be controlled to flow simultaneously through both the natural air-cooled radiator and the heat exchanger, achieving hybrid heat dissipation. The compressor cooling circuit is activated, but instead of simply setting the condensing temperature to a fixed value, a dynamic condensing temperature adjustment strategy is adopted: Tset = Tenv + ΔT (where ΔT is an adjustable heat transfer temperature difference of 5-10℃). This strategy forces compressor 12 to operate at the point where its coefficient of performance (COP) is highest under the current ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the natural air-cooling circuit is opened to maximize energy savings. Exit condition: If Tenv > 20℃, and the natural air cooling capacity is insufficient, the hybrid cooling mode is exited.

[0075] Triggering condition for compressor cooling mode: Tenv > 20℃. Action: Close the natural air cooling circuit and start the compressor cooling circuit. A dynamic condensing temperature adjustment strategy is used instead of setting the condensing temperature to a fixed value, ensuring that compressor 12 operates at the point of highest energy efficiency ratio (COP) under the current ambient temperature, rather than blindly operating at high intensity. Exit condition: When the battery temperature reaches the set target, the compressor cooling mode is exited.

[0076] Furthermore, the controller is also configured to execute a safety thermal management strategy when the maximum temperature of the battery cell reaches a preset safety threshold, wherein the control command of the safety thermal management strategy has a higher priority than the control command of the first thermal management strategy and the second thermal management strategy.

[0077] The safe thermal management strategy includes: controlling the three-way valve 3 to switch to the battery cluster and connect it to both the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit; controlling the water pump and fan in the natural wind cooling circuit to operate at maximum power; and controlling the compressor 12 in the compressor cooling circuit to operate at maximum power; generating an alarm signal, which is used to alert the monitoring center to an over-temperature warning.

[0078] Example 2 Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application also provide, as follows: Figure 2 The method shown is a thermal management control method for an energy storage power station, which is compatible with the controller provided above. The method includes steps S1-S4.

[0079] Step S1: Control the sensor module to acquire ambient temperature, total current of battery cluster, highest cell temperature, average cell temperature and lowest cell temperature; Step S2: Determine whether the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state or a stationary state based on the total current of the battery cluster. Step S3: When the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state, execute the first thermal management strategy; Step S4: When the battery cluster is in a quiescent state, execute the second thermal management strategy.

[0080] Regarding step S1, the control sensor module acquires the ambient temperature, the total current of the battery cluster, the highest temperature of the cell, the average temperature of the cell, and the lowest temperature of the cell.

[0081] Ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the air outside the energy storage container. It is usually collected by an ambient temperature sensor with a radiation shield, which is deployed in a specific location on the outside of the container (such as the shaded side and the air inlet of the unit's condenser and natural air-cooled radiator). It is used to reflect the current external climate conditions of the battery and the availability of natural cold sources.

[0082] The total current of a battery cluster refers to the magnitude of the current output or input of the battery cluster as a whole under working conditions. It is monitored by a current sensor to determine whether the battery cluster is currently in an active charging / discharging state or in a static, non-charging / discharging state.

[0083] The highest temperature of a battery cell refers to the highest temperature value among all individual cells in a battery cluster. It is obtained through monitoring by a group of temperature sensors and is used to reflect the hot spot status inside the battery.

[0084] The average cell temperature refers to the statistical average of the current temperature data of all individual cells in the battery cluster. It is used to represent the average heat load level of the battery as a whole and to reflect the overall operating temperature environment of the battery.

[0085] The lowest cell temperature refers to the lowest temperature value among all individual cells in a battery cluster. It reflects the low-temperature limit inside the battery and prevents the battery from being affected by excessively low temperatures, thus protecting its charging and discharging performance or causing damage.

[0086] In step S1, the controller instructs the sensor module to initiate a data acquisition program. Specifically, the controller reads the total current of the battery cluster in real time from the current sensor connected to the battery cluster to monitor its operating status. Simultaneously, it obtains the highest, average, and lowest cell temperatures from the cell temperature sensor array deployed inside the battery module, thereby comprehensively understanding the temperature distribution between individual battery cells and the overall thermal state. The controller also synchronously reads data collected by ambient temperature sensors located at different positions on the outside of the energy storage container (e.g., the shaded side and the unit's air inlet) equipped with radiation shields to obtain accurate ambient temperature data.

[0087] Regarding step S2, the total current of the battery cluster determines whether the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state or in a static state.

[0088] Specifically, when the total current of the battery cluster reaches a preset current value, the battery cluster is determined to be in a charging / discharging state. When the actual duration for which the total current of the battery cluster is less than the preset current value reaches a preset duration, the battery cluster is determined to be in a stationary state.

[0089] For example, if |I| ≥ 5A, the battery is determined to be in a charging / discharging state. If the state of |I| < 5A lasts for 60 seconds, the battery is determined to be in a resting state. Here, |I| is the total current of the battery cluster, with a preset current value of 5A and a preset duration of 60 seconds.

[0090] Regarding step S3, when the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state, the first thermal management strategy is executed.

[0091] In this state, the system's primary goal is to ensure battery safety under high-power charging and discharging, control the battery temperature within a normal safe range (such as 20°C to 33°C), and reduce energy consumption by optimizing the operation of the thermal management unit.

[0092] The first thermal management strategy includes steps S31-S33.

[0093] Step S31: Determine whether to enter heat dissipation mode or heat generation mode based on ambient temperature, highest cell temperature, average cell temperature and lowest cell temperature. Step S32: If the lowest temperature of the battery cell does not exceed the preset minimum temperature and the average temperature of the battery cell does not exceed the preset minimum average temperature, the heating mode is entered and the PTC heater is started. Step S33: Under heat dissipation conditions, if the highest temperature of the battery cell is higher than the preset cooling start threshold, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature. The three-way valve is controlled to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit according to the target cooling mode, and the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate. The preset cooling start threshold is lower than the preset safe cooling threshold.

[0094] The target cooling modes in the first thermal management strategy include natural air cooling mode, hybrid cooling mode, and compressor cooling mode.

[0095] In other words, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature, and the connection status between the battery pack and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit is switched by controlling the three-way valve according to the target cooling mode, and the operation of the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled, including steps S331-S333.

[0096] Step S331: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the natural air cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch the battery cluster to the natural air cooling circuit, the natural air cooling circuit is started, and the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to shut down. Step S332: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information reaches the first preset temperature threshold and does not exceed the second preset temperature threshold, the hybrid cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch to the battery cluster and connect to the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit, and the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit are controlled to start. Step S333: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information exceeds the second preset temperature threshold, the compressor cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch to the connection between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit, the compressor cooling circuit is started, and the natural wind cooling circuit is closed.

[0097] When the target cooling mode is the hybrid command mode or the compressor refrigeration mode, the target value of the condensing temperature is adjusted according to the ambient temperature information, and the compressor in the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to operate according to the target value of the condensing temperature, so that the compressor operates at the operating point corresponding to the highest energy efficiency ratio at the current ambient temperature.

[0098] For example, the preset cooling start threshold is 33℃, Tmin is the lowest temperature of the battery cell, Tmax is the highest temperature of the battery cell, Tavg is the average temperature of the battery cell, Tenv is the ambient temperature, the first preset temperature threshold is 5℃, and the second preset temperature threshold is 20℃.

[0099] If Tmin ≤ 12℃ and Tavg ≤ 15℃, the unit enters heating mode until Tmin ≥ 20℃, at which point it exits heating mode. If 15℃ ≤ Tmax < 33℃, the cooling unit does not operate. If Tmax ≥ 33℃ and Tavg ≥ 27℃, the unit enters cooling mode, starting the compressor cooling circuit. However, it does not operate at a fixed power; instead, it dynamically adjusts the condensing temperature to control the compressor power. The controller dynamically calculates and sets the target condensing temperature value (Tset = Tenv + ΔT, where Tset is the target condensing temperature value and ΔT is an adjustable heat transfer temperature difference of 5-10℃) based on the real-time ambient temperature (Tenv), ensuring the compressor always operates within the highest COP range under the current environment. This efficient cooling strategy based on ambient temperature cools the battery cells until Tmax < 27℃ or Tavg ≤ 24℃, at which point the unit exits cooling mode.

[0100] Triggering condition for natural air cooling mode: Tenv ≤ 5℃. Action: The controller outputs a command to switch the three-way valve to the natural cooling circuit. The compressor is completely shut down; only the water pump and fan in the natural cooling circuit are activated, utilizing the low-temperature ambient air to dissipate heat from the battery coolant through the plate heat exchanger. Exit condition: If Tenv > 5℃, and the natural cooling capacity is insufficient, the natural air cooling mode will exit.

[0101] Triggering condition for hybrid cooling mode: Tenv ≤ 20℃. Actions: Coolant can be controlled to flow simultaneously through both the natural air-cooled radiator and the heat exchanger, achieving hybrid heat dissipation. The compressor refrigeration circuit is activated, but instead of simply setting the condensing temperature to a fixed value, a dynamic condensing temperature adjustment strategy is employed: Tset = Tenv + ΔT (where ΔT is an adjustable heat transfer temperature difference of 5-10℃). This strategy forces the compressor to operate at its highest COP (Coefficient of Performance) point under the current ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the natural air-cooling circuit is opened to maximize energy savings. Exit condition: If Tenv > 20℃, and the natural air cooling capacity is insufficient, the hybrid cooling mode is exited.

[0102] Triggering condition for compressor cooling mode: Tenv > 20℃. Action: Close the natural air cooling circuit and start the compressor cooling circuit. A dynamic condensing temperature adjustment strategy is used instead of setting the condensing temperature to a fixed value, ensuring the compressor operates at its highest COP (Coefficient of Performance) point under the current ambient temperature, rather than blindly running at high intensity. Exit condition: The compressor cooling mode exits when the battery temperature reaches the set target.

[0103] Regarding step S4, when the battery cluster is in a quiescent state, the second thermal management strategy is executed.

[0104] The second thermal management strategy reduces cooling energy consumption through a heat dissipation waiting mechanism and predictive control. At this time, the battery does not generate heat, and considering that a certain degree of high-temperature storage has little impact on battery life, the thermal management unit is given priority to make efficient use of the ambient cold source to reduce unit energy consumption, and predictive control is introduced to ensure availability in the next cycle.

[0105] Based on the ambient temperature, the liquid cooling system lowers the battery temperature to and maintains it at the ideal starting temperature for the next charge / discharge cycle (e.g., 25°C). Compared to the preset cooling activation threshold corresponding to the first thermal management strategy, the preset safe cooling threshold corresponding to the second thermal management strategy is higher (e.g., 45°C). Taking advantage of the fact that the battery generates less heat at this temperature, the heat dissipation of the battery is delayed. When the ambient temperature is high, heat dissipation is temporarily suspended, and after the ambient temperature decreases, the battery can make full use of the ambient cold source for cooling.

[0106] The second thermal management strategy includes steps S41-S44.

[0107] Step S41: Determine whether to enter heat dissipation mode or heating mode based on ambient temperature, highest cell temperature, average cell temperature and lowest cell temperature. Step S42: If the lowest temperature of the battery cell does not exceed the preset minimum temperature and the average temperature of the battery cell does not exceed the preset minimum average temperature, the heating mode is entered and the PTC heater is started. Step S43: Under heat dissipation conditions, if the highest temperature of the battery cell is lower than the preset safe cooling threshold, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature. The three-way valve is controlled to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit according to the target cooling mode, and the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate. Step S44: When the ambient temperature is higher than the preset heat dissipation temperature, control the corresponding cooling circuit to enter the waiting state; in the waiting state, determine the predicted starting temperature of the next working cycle of the battery cluster based on the highest temperature of the battery cell, the average temperature of the battery cell, the temperature rise trend of the battery cluster and the future ambient temperature information; when the predicted starting temperature exceeds the preset safe starting temperature, control the corresponding cooling circuit to operate according to the predictive forced cooling condition.

[0108] Specifically, the predicted starting temperature of the next working cycle of the battery cluster is determined based on the highest temperature of the battery cell, the average temperature of the battery cell, the temperature rise trend of the battery cluster and the future ambient temperature information. This includes: determining the remaining time between the expected start time of the next working cycle and the current working time, using the ratio of the average ambient temperature in the remaining time to the average temperature of the battery cell in the future ambient temperature information as a coefficient, and determining the predicted starting temperature through formula (1). T_predict=Tmax+α×Vrise×Δt; (1) Where T_predict is the predicted starting temperature, Tmax is the highest temperature of the cell, α is the ratio of the average ambient temperature to the average cell temperature in the remaining time in the future ambient temperature information, Vrise is the average temperature rise rate in the battery cluster temperature rise trend, and Δt is the remaining time between the expected start time of the next working cycle and the current working time.

[0109] For example, if Tmin≤12℃ and Tavg≤15℃, heating is enabled until Tmin≥20℃ and heating mode is exited; if Tmax≥45℃, an efficient cooling strategy based on ambient temperature is immediately activated until the temperature is below this threshold.

[0110] If Tmax < 45℃, then the ambient temperature Tenv is checked, and the appropriate cooling strategy is determined based on the ambient temperature. If Tenv ≤ 28℃: a free cooling source exists, and the system enters heat dissipation mode. Further options include pure natural cooling (Tenv ≤ 5℃), dynamic compressor cooling, or a hybrid cooling mode, depending on the Tenv level. If Tenv > 28℃: heat dissipation energy consumption is high, therefore the heat dissipation system remains shut down, and the system enters a standby state.

[0111] While in a waiting state, the system obtains the weather temperature forecast for the next 24 hours, the estimated start time of the next work cycle, and calculates the remaining time Δt between the current time and the estimated start time. The system also reads the battery's highest temperature change data over the past 30 minutes and calculates its average temperature rise rate Vrise (unit: ℃ / min). Based on the current battery Tmax, Tenv, and the historical average temperature rise rate, a linear extrapolation method is used to predict the battery temperature T_predict after Δt. The calculation formula is as follows: T_predict=Tmax+α×Vrise×Δt. Where α is the ratio of the average ambient temperature predicted based on the future Δt to the average battery temperature over the historical 30 minutes.

[0112] If the prediction indicates that T_predict will be higher than the safe starting temperature for the next cycle, forced cooling will be initiated in advance to ensure that the battery is in optimal condition at the start of the next cycle; if the predicted temperature is safe, then we continue to wait.

[0113] The target cooling modes in the second thermal management strategy include natural air cooling mode, hybrid cooling mode, and compressor cooling mode.

[0114] In other words, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature, and the connection status between the battery pack and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit is switched by controlling the three-way valve according to the target cooling mode, and the operation of the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled, including steps S431-S433.

[0115] Step S431: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the natural air cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch the connection between the battery cluster and the natural air cooling circuit, the natural air cooling circuit is started, and the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to shut down. Step S432: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information reaches the first preset temperature threshold and does not exceed the second preset temperature threshold, the hybrid cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch to the battery cluster and connect to the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit, and the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit are controlled to start. Step S433: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information exceeds the second preset temperature threshold, the compressor cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch to the connection between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit, the compressor cooling circuit is started, and the natural wind cooling circuit is closed.

[0116] When the target cooling mode is the hybrid command mode or the compressor refrigeration mode, the target value of the condensing temperature is adjusted according to the ambient temperature information, and the compressor in the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to operate according to the target value of the condensing temperature, so that the compressor operates at the operating point corresponding to the highest energy efficiency ratio at the current ambient temperature.

[0117] For example, the first preset temperature threshold is 5°C and the second preset temperature threshold is 20°C.

[0118] Triggering condition for natural air cooling mode: Tenv ≤ 5℃. Action: The controller outputs a command to switch the three-way valve to the natural cooling circuit. The compressor is completely shut down; only the water pump and fan in the natural cooling circuit are activated, utilizing the low-temperature ambient air to dissipate heat from the battery coolant through the plate heat exchanger. Exit condition: If Tenv > 5℃, and the natural cooling capacity is insufficient, the natural air cooling mode will exit.

[0119] Triggering condition for hybrid cooling mode: Tenv ≤ 20℃. Actions: Coolant can be controlled to flow simultaneously through both the natural air-cooled radiator and the heat exchanger, achieving hybrid heat dissipation. The compressor refrigeration circuit is activated, but instead of simply setting the condensing temperature to a fixed value, a dynamic condensing temperature adjustment strategy is employed: Tset = Tenv + ΔT (where ΔT is an adjustable heat transfer temperature difference of 5-10℃). This strategy forces the compressor to operate at its highest COP (Coefficient of Performance) point under the current ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the natural air-cooling circuit is opened to maximize energy savings. Exit condition: If Tenv > 20℃, and the natural air cooling capacity is insufficient, the hybrid cooling mode is exited.

[0120] Triggering condition for compressor cooling mode: Tenv > 20℃. Action: Close the natural air cooling circuit and start the compressor cooling circuit. A dynamic condensing temperature adjustment strategy is used instead of setting the condensing temperature to a fixed value, ensuring the compressor operates at its highest COP (Coefficient of Performance) point under the current ambient temperature, rather than blindly running at high intensity. Exit condition: The compressor cooling mode exits when the battery temperature reaches the set target.

[0121] Furthermore, the controller is also configured to execute a safety thermal management strategy when the maximum temperature of the battery cell reaches a preset safety threshold, wherein the control command of the safety thermal management strategy has a higher priority than the control command of the first thermal management strategy and the second thermal management strategy.

[0122] The safe thermal management strategy includes: controlling the three-way valve to switch to the battery cluster and connect it to both the natural air cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit; controlling the water pump and fan in the natural air cooling circuit to operate at maximum power; controlling the compressor in the compressor cooling circuit to operate at maximum power; and generating an alarm signal to alert the monitoring center to an over-temperature warning.

[0123] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0124] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An energy storage plant thermal management control system, characterized by, include: Battery clusters, compressor cooling circuit, natural air cooling circuit, three-way valve, sensor module and controller; The three-way valve is used to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit. The controller is configured to: The control sensor module acquires ambient temperature, total current of the battery cluster, highest cell temperature, average cell temperature, and lowest cell temperature. The total current of the battery cluster determines whether the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state or in a static state. When the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state, the first thermal management strategy is executed; When the battery cluster is in a static state, a second thermal management strategy is implemented; the second thermal management strategy includes: The system determines whether to enter heat dissipation mode or heating mode based on ambient temperature, maximum cell temperature, average cell temperature and minimum cell temperature. Under heat dissipation conditions, if the highest temperature of the battery cell is lower than the preset safe cooling threshold, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature. According to the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit, and the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate. When the ambient temperature is higher than the preset heat dissipation temperature, the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to enter a waiting state. In the waiting state, the predicted starting temperature of the next working cycle of the battery cluster is determined based on the highest temperature of the battery cell, the average temperature of the battery cell, the temperature rise trend of the battery cluster and the future ambient temperature information. If the predicted starting temperature exceeds the preset safe starting temperature, the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate according to the predictive forced cooling condition.

2. The energy storage plant thermal management control system of claim 1, wherein, The first thermal management strategy includes: The system determines whether to enter heat dissipation mode or heating mode based on ambient temperature, maximum cell temperature, average cell temperature and minimum cell temperature. Under heat dissipation conditions, if the highest temperature of the battery cell is higher than the preset cooling activation threshold, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature. According to the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit, and the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate. The preset cooling activation threshold is lower than the preset safe cooling threshold.

3. The energy storage plant thermal management control system of claim 1, wherein, The process of determining the target cooling mode based on ambient temperature information, controlling the three-way valve to switch the connection status between the battery pack and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural air cooling circuit according to the target cooling mode, and controlling the operation of the corresponding cooling circuit includes: If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the natural air cooling mode will be used as the target cooling mode. The three-way valve will be switched to connect the battery cluster to the natural air cooling circuit, the natural air cooling circuit will be started, and the compressor cooling circuit will be shut down. If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information reaches the first preset temperature threshold but does not exceed the second preset temperature threshold, the hybrid cooling mode is used as the target cooling mode. The three-way valve is controlled to switch to the battery cluster and simultaneously connect to the natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit. The natural wind cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit are then started. If the current ambient temperature in the ambient temperature information exceeds the second preset temperature threshold, the compressor cooling mode will be used as the target cooling mode. The three-way valve will be switched to connect the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit, the compressor cooling circuit will be started, and the natural wind cooling circuit will be shut down.

4. The energy storage plant thermal management control system of claim 1 or 3, wherein, The controller is also configured to: When the target cooling mode is the hybrid command mode or the compressor refrigeration mode, the target value of the condensing temperature is adjusted according to the ambient temperature information, and the compressor in the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to operate according to the target value of the condensing temperature, so that the compressor operates at the operating point corresponding to the highest energy efficiency ratio at the current ambient temperature.

5. The energy storage plant thermal management control system of claim 1, wherein, The system further includes a PTC heater, and the first thermal management strategy and / or the second thermal management strategy further includes: If the lowest cell temperature does not exceed the preset minimum temperature and the average cell temperature does not exceed the preset minimum average temperature, the system enters the heating mode and controls the PTC heater to start.

6. The energy storage plant thermal management control system of claim 1, wherein, The method of determining whether a battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state or a static state based on the total current of the battery cluster includes: When the total current of the battery cluster reaches the preset current value, it is determined that the battery cluster is in a charging and discharging state; If the battery cluster is in a static state for a period of time when the total current of the battery cluster is less than the preset current value, the battery cluster is determined to be in a static state.

7. The energy storage plant thermal management control system of claim 1, wherein, The controller is also configured to: When the maximum temperature of the battery cell reaches a preset safety threshold, a safety thermal management strategy is executed. The control commands of the safety thermal management strategy have a higher priority than the control commands of the first thermal management strategy and the second thermal management strategy. The safety thermal management strategy includes: The three-way valve is switched to connect to the battery cluster and the natural air cooling circuit and the compressor cooling circuit. The water pump and fan in the natural air cooling circuit are controlled to run at maximum power, and the compressor in the compressor cooling circuit is controlled to run at maximum power. An alarm signal is generated, which is used to alert the monitoring center to an over-temperature warning.

8. The thermal management control system for an energy storage power station as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of determining the predicted starting temperature of the battery cluster for the next operating cycle based on the highest cell temperature, average cell temperature, battery cluster temperature rise trend, and future ambient temperature information includes: Determine the remaining time between the expected start time of the next working cycle and the current working time. Use the ratio of the average ambient temperature in the remaining time to the average cell temperature in the future ambient temperature information as a coefficient, and determine the predicted starting temperature through formula (1). T_predict=Tmax+α×Vrise×Δt; (1) Where T_predict is the predicted starting temperature, Tmax is the highest temperature of the cell, α is the ratio of the average ambient temperature to the average cell temperature in the remaining time in the future ambient temperature information, Vrise is the average temperature rise rate in the battery cluster temperature rise trend, and Δt is the remaining time between the expected start time of the next working cycle and the current working time.

9. The thermal management control system for an energy storage power station as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a liquid cooling plate for the battery cluster, a water tank and a water pump connected in sequence, wherein the liquid cooling plate for the battery cluster is used to exchange heat with the battery cluster. The compressor cooling circuit includes a first heat exchanger, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve connected in sequence; The compressor, condenser, expansion valve and one channel of the first heat exchanger form a refrigerant circuit; the first output end of the three-way valve is connected to another channel in the first heat exchanger, so that the first heat exchanger, battery cluster liquid cooling plate, water tank and water pump form a first coolant circuit. The natural air cooling circuit includes a plate heat exchanger, a water pump, and a fan; the fan and one channel of the plate heat exchanger form an air circulation circuit; the second output end of the three-way valve is connected to another channel of the plate heat exchanger, so that the plate heat exchanger, battery cluster liquid cooling plate, water tank, and water pump form a second coolant circuit.

10. A thermal management control method for an energy storage power station, characterized in that, The method is compatible with the controller according to any one of claims 1-9, and the method includes: The control sensor module acquires ambient temperature, total current of the battery cluster, highest cell temperature, average cell temperature, and lowest cell temperature. The total current of the battery cluster determines whether the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state or in a static state. When the battery cluster is in a charging / discharging state, the first thermal management strategy is executed; When the battery cluster is in a static state, a second thermal management strategy is implemented; the second thermal management strategy includes: The system determines whether to enter heat dissipation mode or heating mode based on ambient temperature, maximum cell temperature, average cell temperature and minimum cell temperature. Under heat dissipation conditions, if the highest temperature of the battery cell is lower than the preset safe cooling threshold, the target cooling mode is determined based on the ambient temperature. According to the target cooling mode, the three-way valve is controlled to switch the connection status between the battery cluster and the compressor cooling circuit and the natural wind cooling circuit, and the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate. When the ambient temperature is higher than the preset heat dissipation temperature, the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to enter a waiting state. In the waiting state, the predicted starting temperature of the next working cycle of the battery cluster is determined based on the highest temperature of the battery cell, the average temperature of the battery cell, the temperature rise trend of the battery cluster and the future ambient temperature information. If the predicted starting temperature exceeds the preset safe starting temperature, the corresponding cooling circuit is controlled to operate according to the predictive forced cooling condition.

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