Mountain high drop high voltage cable intelligent laying device

Abstract

A smart high-voltage cable laying device for high-altitude mountainous areas relates to the field of power cable laying technology. It addresses the problem of uncontrolled slippage force of high-voltage cables during existing high-altitude cable laying processes. The invention employs a conveyor located at the high-altitude cable laying location, with a cable reel mounted on the conveyor via a rotating shaft. A tension sensor collects the actual tension of the high-voltage cable; a gravity compensation module outputs the compensated tension of the high-voltage cable in real time; a tension controller generates an excitation current based on the collected and compensated signals; a magnetic powder brake is mounted on the cable reel's rotating shaft, and the tension controller is connected to the magnetic powder brake; a traction machine is located at the low-altitude high-voltage cable termination point, with its traction rope passing through multiple guide supports before connecting to the high-voltage cable on the cable reel; multiple guide supports are spaced apart along the high-voltage cable laying path. The beneficial effect is the precise control of the slippage force of the high-voltage cable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power cable laying technology, and in particular to an intelligent high-voltage cable laying system suitable for mountainous urban areas with steep slopes and high elevation differences. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the in-depth development of power grid construction in China, the demand for high-voltage cable laying in mountainous cities is increasing. These cities generally have the characteristics of "sloping terrain and high elevation difference", and the elevation difference of high-voltage cable laying can reach more than 90 meters, which brings severe technical challenges to high-voltage cable construction.

[0003] Although existing high-voltage cable laying technology is relatively mature in flat urban areas, it still has the following technical shortcomings in mountainous terrain with high elevation differences:

[0004] (1) Problem of uncontrolled downward force; In terrain with high drop (such as 90 meters), the downward force generated by the cable's own weight is huge; If it is not precisely controlled, the cable will slide too fast, making it difficult to brake; At the same time, the side pressure increases sharply, and the side pressure of a single-core cable may exceed the safety limit of 3kN / m, resulting in damage to the internal structure of the cable (insulation layer, shielding layer, conductor); The existing manual traction method is difficult to sense and adjust the downward force in real time, which poses a serious safety hazard.

[0005] (2) Difficulty in controlling the bending radius; at the bend, the bending radius of the high-voltage cable is easily reduced to less than the standard requirement due to gravity traction. The bending radius of the high-voltage cable should be ≥20D when it is laid and ≥15D when it is running. However, the existing guiding device has poor adaptability and is difficult to cope with large slope changes, and cannot ensure that the bending radius of the cable always meets the standard requirements in complex terrain.

[0006] (3) Uneven tension distribution; the cable experiences large differences in stress at different points on the slope, resulting in severe local stress concentration. The existing fixing clamps have unreasonable spacing (usually arranged at equal intervals), which cannot effectively disperse stress and easily leads to local overstress damage to the cable.

[0007] In summary, existing cable laying technologies are insufficient to meet the safety, quality, and efficiency requirements under mountainous terrain conditions with high elevation differences. There is an urgent need for a high-elevation cable laying device and method that integrates intelligent tension control, segmented braking, flexible guidance, and real-time monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of uncontrolled sliding force of high-voltage cables during the existing cable laying process in mountainous areas with high elevation differences, and to propose an intelligent cable laying device for high-voltage cables in mountainous areas with high elevation differences.

[0009] The intelligent high-voltage cable laying device for mountainous terrain with high elevation difference described in this invention includes a conveyor, a traction machine, and multiple guide supports;

[0010] The conveyor is set at the high-voltage cable laying location in the mountains. The cable reel of the high-voltage cable is mounted on the conveyor via a rotating shaft. The conveyor is equipped with a tension controller, a tension sensor, a gravity compensation module, and a magnetic powder brake.

[0011] The tension sensor is used to collect the actual tension of the released high-voltage cable, and the acquisition signal output terminal of the tension sensor is connected to the acquisition signal input terminal of the tension controller; the gravity compensation module is used to output the compensation tension of the high-voltage cable in real time, and the compensation signal output terminal of the gravity compensation module is connected to the compensation signal input terminal of the tension controller; the tension controller generates an excitation current based on the acquisition signal output by the tension sensor and the compensation signal output by the gravity compensation module; the magnetic powder brake is installed on the shaft end of the cable reel rotation shaft, and the excitation current output terminal of the tension controller is connected to the excitation current input terminal of the magnetic powder brake;

[0012] The traction machine is set at the high-voltage cable termination point in the low-lying mountain area, and the traction rope of the traction machine passes through multiple guide supports in sequence and then connects with the high-voltage cable on the cable reel.

[0013] The multiple guide brackets are arranged at intervals along the high-voltage cable laying path to support and guide the high-voltage cable.

[0014] Furthermore, the gravity compensation module includes an encoder and an industrial control computer;

[0015] The encoder is used to measure the length of the high-voltage cable released from the cable reel; and the length signal output terminal of the encoder is connected to the length signal input terminal of the industrial control computer.

[0016] The industrial control computer calculates the compensation tension of the high-voltage cable based on the length signal output by the encoder.

[0017] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the compensation tension by the industrial control computer is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] in, For compensating tension of high-voltage cables; Weight per unit length of high-voltage cable; The length of high-voltage cable is released from the cable reel; The slope angle of the mountain.

[0020] Furthermore, the conveyor is equipped with an adjusting bracket;

[0021] The adjusting bracket is set on the cable reel outlet side, and an auxiliary roller is provided in the middle of the adjusting bracket. The high-voltage cable is mounted on the auxiliary roller, and the high-voltage cable outlet angle of the cable reel is changed by adjusting the vertical height of the auxiliary roller.

[0022] Furthermore, the guide bracket is equipped with an electromagnetic braking clamp;

[0023] The electromagnetic braking clamp adopts a tiered braking strategy, with the electromagnetic braking clamp located in the upper section taking priority, and the electromagnetic braking clamp located in the lower section following in sequence.

[0024] Furthermore, the electromagnetic braking clamp is equipped with an emergency protection mechanism;

[0025] The emergency protection mechanism includes:

[0026] Overspeed protection: When the sliding speed of the high-voltage cable exceeds the set value of 15m / min, the electromagnetic brake clamp will automatically trigger braking;

[0027] Stall protection: When the tension sensor detects a sudden drop in the tension of the high-voltage cable exceeding 20%, the electromagnetic brake clamp immediately applies the brakes.

[0028] Manual emergency braking: An emergency stop wireless remote control is provided on site. When the switch of the emergency stop wireless remote control is pressed, the electromagnetic brake clamp will immediately apply the brakes.

[0029] Furthermore, the guide bracket is equipped with three-dimensional adjustable guide wheels;

[0030] The horizontal adjustment range of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is ±30°; the vertical adjustment range of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is ±15°; the outer diameter of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is ≥20 times the outer diameter of the high-voltage cable.

[0031] Furthermore, the interval between adjacent guide supports is 10m to 15m, and the larger the slope angle of the mountain, the smaller the interval between adjacent guide supports.

[0032] Furthermore, the initial traction speed of the traction machine is 3 m / min, and the initial traction time of the traction machine 2 is 1 min to 3 min;

[0033] The traction speed of the traction machine 2 is 5 m / min to 10 m / min.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0035] This invention uses a tension sensor to collect actual tension in real time, and a gravity compensation module automatically calculates the compensation tension based on the cable's length. The tension controller then generates an excitation current to control the magnetic powder brake for precise braking, effectively preventing excessive cable side pressure and protecting the integrity of the insulation layer, shielding layer, and conductor structure. This achieves precise control of the downward force of high-voltage cables. The spaced arrangement of the guide brackets and the setting of three-dimensional adjustable guide wheels ensure that the bending radius meets the standard requirements. The graded braking strategy and the variable spacing arrangement of the guide brackets achieve uniform distribution of cable tension. This invention fundamentally solves the three core problems of uncontrolled downward force, difficulty in controlling the bending radius, and uneven tension distribution in existing technologies. It also provides a complete safety protection mechanism and an efficient construction method, making it particularly suitable for intelligent laying of high-voltage cables in mountainous urban areas with steep slopes and high elevation differences. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent high-voltage cable deployment device for mountainous terrain with high elevation difference, as described in Specific Implementation Method 1.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the braking principle of the magnetic powder brake in Specific Implementation Method 1;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the conveyor in Specific Implementation Method 1. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Specific Implementation Method 1: Combination Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment describes an intelligent high-voltage cable deployment device for mountainous terrain with high elevation differences, comprising a conveyor 1, a traction machine 2, and multiple guide supports 3.

[0040] The conveyor 1 is set at the high-voltage cable laying location in the mountains. The cable reel 5 of the high-voltage cable is mounted on the conveyor 1 via a rotating shaft. The conveyor 1 is equipped with a tension controller 1-1, a tension sensor 1-2, a gravity compensation module 1-3, and a magnetic powder brake 1-4.

[0041] The tension sensor 1-2 is used to collect the actual tension of the released high-voltage cable, and the signal output terminal of the tension sensor 1-2 is connected to the signal input terminal of the tension controller 1-1; the gravity compensation module 1-3 is used to output the compensation tension of the high-voltage cable in real time, and the compensation signal output terminal of the gravity compensation module 1-3 is connected to the compensation signal input terminal of the tension controller 1-1; the tension controller 1-1 generates an excitation current based on the collected signal output by the tension sensor 1-2 and the compensation signal output by the gravity compensation module 1-3; the magnetic powder brake 1-4 is installed on the shaft end of the rotating shaft of the cable reel 5, and the excitation current output terminal of the tension controller 1-1 is connected to the excitation current input terminal of the magnetic powder brake 1-4;

[0042] The traction machine 2 is set at the high-voltage cable termination point in the low-lying mountain area, and the traction rope of the traction machine 2 passes through multiple guide supports 3 in sequence and then connects with the high-voltage cable on the cable reel 5.

[0043] The multiple guide brackets 3 are arranged at intervals along the high-voltage cable laying path to support and guide the high-voltage cable.

[0044] In this embodiment, BIM technology is used to simulate the laying path, optimize the turning radius and the fixed point positions of multiple guide supports 3, and avoid the risk of insufficient turning radius in advance. Guide supports 3 are set up in the concave and convex points of the mountain to adapt to complex terrain changes. The real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of the cable sliding force are realized through the tension controller 1-1, tension sensor 1-2, gravity compensation module 1-3 and magnetic powder brake 1-4, and a complete intelligent laying system architecture is established.

[0045] In this embodiment, conveyor 1 is used to actively transport the cable and control the reel exit speed, traction machine 2 is used to provide reverse pulling force to control the descent speed of the high-voltage cable; multiple guide supports 3 are used to support and guide the cable. The excitation current output by magnetic powder brake 1-4 and tension controller 1-1 has a linear relationship:

[0046]

[0047] in, This refers to the output torque of magnetic powder brakes 1-4; This is the torque constant, which is related to the structure of magnetic powder brakes 1-4; The excitation current output by tension controller 1-1; This is the no-load torque of the magnetic powder brake 1-4;

[0048] The tension sensors 1-2 have an accuracy of ±0.5%FS and a sampling frequency of 100Hz. The conveyor 1, traction machine 2, and multiple guide supports 3 are synchronized through a control box to avoid high-voltage cable compression caused by speed differences.

[0049] Specific Implementation Method 2: This implementation method further defines the intelligent high-voltage cable deployment device for mountainous areas with high elevation difference described in Specific Implementation Method 1. In this implementation method, the gravity compensation module 1-3 includes an encoder 1-3-1 and an industrial control computer 1-3-2.

[0050] The encoder 1-3-1 is used to measure the length of the high-voltage cable released from the cable reel 5; and the length signal output terminal of the encoder 1-3-1 is connected to the length signal input terminal of the industrial control computer 1-3-2.

[0051] The industrial control computer 1-3-2 calculates the compensation tension of the high-voltage cable based on the length signal output by the encoder 1-3-1.

[0052] In this embodiment, the encoder 1-3-1 has an accuracy of ±0.1m / min and a sampling frequency of 50Hz;

[0053] The encoder 1-3-1 accurately obtains the real-time cable release length, providing accurate data for gravity compensation; the industrial control computer 1-3-2 calculates the compensation tension in real time, realizing dynamic gravity compensation with high compensation accuracy, fast response speed, adaptability to the continuous release process of high-voltage cables, and high degree of automation, reducing manual intervention and calculation errors.

[0054] Specific Implementation Method Three: This implementation method further defines the intelligent high-voltage cable deployment device for mountainous terrain with high elevation differences described in Specific Implementation Method One. In this implementation method, the calculation formula for the compensation tension calculated by the industrial control computer 1-3-2 is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] in, For compensating tension of high-voltage cables; Weight per unit length of high-voltage cable; The length of high-voltage cable is released from cable reel 5; The slope angle of the mountain.

[0057] In this facility, the weight per unit length of the high-voltage cable is measured in N / m; a scientific mathematical model for gravity compensation is established, ensuring accurate and reliable calculation of the compensation amount, and comprehensively considering three key parameters: cable unit weight, extended length, and slope angle; the compensation tension is precisely matched with the actual weight component of the cable to avoid over-compensation or under-compensation; and a universal calculation method is provided for cables of different specifications and terrains with different slopes.

[0058] Specific Implementation Method 4: This implementation method further defines the intelligent high-voltage cable deployment device for mountainous high-drop areas described in Specific Implementation Method 1. In this implementation method, the conveyor 1 is equipped with an adjustment bracket 6.

[0059] The adjusting bracket 6 is set on the outlet side of the cable reel 5, and an auxiliary roller is provided in the middle of the adjusting bracket 6. The high-voltage cable is mounted on the auxiliary roller, and the outlet angle of the high-voltage cable of the cable reel 5 is changed by adjusting the vertical height of the auxiliary roller.

[0060] In this embodiment, the angle at which the high-voltage cable is led out from the cable reel 5 is optimized by adjusting the bracket 6, reducing the lead-out resistance and preventing friction damage between the high-voltage cable and the edge of the cable reel 5; it adapts to the lead-out requirements of cable reels 5 with different diameters, improving the equipment's versatility; and it improves the initial laying condition of the high-voltage cable, creating favorable conditions for subsequent laying.

[0061] Specific Implementation Method 5: This implementation method further defines the intelligent high-voltage cable deployment device for mountainous areas with high elevation difference described in Specific Implementation Method 1. In this implementation method, the guide support 3 is equipped with an electromagnetic braking clamp.

[0062] The electromagnetic braking clamp adopts a tiered braking strategy, with the electromagnetic braking clamp located in the upper section taking priority, and the electromagnetic braking clamp located in the lower section following in sequence.

[0063] In this embodiment, segmented braking control of the high-voltage cable is achieved to avoid single-point braking overload; the upper section's electromagnetic braking clamps brake first, using the friction between the high-voltage cable and the electromagnetic braking clamps to share the downward force; the lower section's electromagnetic braking clamps follow in sequence, forming a gradual braking to reduce impact; effectively dispersing the overall tension of the high-voltage cable and preventing local stress concentration; the braking process is smooth and controllable, protecting the structural safety of the high-voltage cable.

[0064] Specific Implementation Method Six: This implementation method further defines the intelligent high-voltage cable deployment device for mountainous high-drop areas described in Specific Implementation Method Five. In this implementation method, the electromagnetic braking clamp is equipped with an emergency protection mechanism.

[0065] The emergency protection mechanism includes:

[0066] Overspeed protection: When the sliding speed of the high-voltage cable exceeds the set value of 15m / min, the electromagnetic brake clamp will automatically trigger braking;

[0067] Stall protection: When tension sensors 1-2 detect a sudden drop in the tension of the high-voltage cable exceeding 20%, the electromagnetic brake clamp will immediately apply the brakes.

[0068] Manual emergency braking: An emergency stop wireless remote control is provided on site. When the switch of the emergency stop wireless remote control is pressed, the electromagnetic brake clamp will immediately apply the brakes.

[0069] In this implementation, overspeed protection is to prevent the high-voltage cable laying speed from getting out of control; stall protection is to prevent the high-voltage cable from breaking or slipping; manual emergency braking is to allow on-site personnel to remotely intervene in emergencies; a three-layer safety protection system is formed, which greatly improves construction safety; the combination of automatic protection and manual intervention takes into account both reliability and flexibility.

[0070] Specific Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method further defines the intelligent high-voltage cable deployment device for mountainous high-drop areas described in Specific Implementation Method One. In this implementation method, the guide support 3 is equipped with a three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel.

[0071] The horizontal adjustment range of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is ±30°; the vertical adjustment range of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is ±15°; the outer diameter of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is ≥20 times the outer diameter of the high-voltage cable.

[0072] In this embodiment, the horizontal adjustment of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is to accommodate the horizontal turning and offset of the high-voltage cable; the vertical adjustment of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is to accommodate the slope change and vertical turning of the high-voltage cable; the limitation of the outer diameter of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is to ensure that the bending radius meets the requirements; the setting of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is to adapt to complex spatial orientation, improve the versatility of the guide bracket 3, protect the insulation layer and shielding layer of the high-voltage cable, and avoid damage caused by excessive bending.

[0073] Specific Implementation Method Eight: This implementation method further defines the intelligent high-voltage cable deployment device for high-altitude mountain terrain described in Specific Implementation Methods One, Five, or Seven. In this implementation method, the interval between adjacent guide supports 3 is 10m to 15m, and the larger the slope angle of the mountain, the smaller the interval between adjacent guide supports 3.

[0074] In this embodiment, the spacing of the guide supports is reasonably arranged to balance the support effect and economy. The larger the slope, the smaller the spacing, increasing the density of support points and coping with greater downward force. The variable spacing arrangement conforms to the laws of mechanics, optimizes the stress state of the cable, avoids the problem of insufficient support when the equal spacing arrangement is arranged on the steep slope, reduces the length of the cable suspension section, and reduces the risk of deflection and vibration.

[0075] Specific Implementation Method Nine: This implementation method further defines the intelligent high-voltage cable deployment device for mountainous areas with high elevation difference described in Specific Implementation Method One. In this implementation method, the initial traction speed of the traction machine 2 is 3 m / min, and the initial traction time of the traction machine 2 is 1 min to 3 min.

[0076] The traction speed of the traction machine 2 is 5 m / min to 10 m / min.

[0077] In this embodiment, a low-speed, smooth start (3 m / min) is adopted to avoid starting shock. The initial 1 to 3-minute start time ensures that the system establishes stable tension before acceleration. The operating speed of 5 to 10 m / min balances efficiency and safety, and is higher than the manual traction speed. The speed is graded to adapt to the transition process of the cable from stationary to running, reduce friction damage between the high-voltage cable and the guide support 3 and the ground, improve overall construction efficiency, and shorten the laying period of high-drop cables.

[0078] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A smart deployment device for high-voltage cables in mountainous terrain with significant elevation differences, characterized in that: It includes a conveyor (1), a traction machine (2), and multiple guide supports (3); The conveyor (1) is set at the high-voltage cable laying location in the mountains. The cable reel (5) of the high-voltage cable is set on the conveyor (1) through a rotating shaft. The conveyor (1) is equipped with a tension controller (1-1), a tension sensor (1-2), a gravity compensation module (1-3), and a magnetic powder brake (1-4). The tension sensor (1-2) is used to collect the actual tension of the released high-voltage cable, and the acquisition signal output terminal of the tension sensor (1-2) is connected to the acquisition signal input terminal of the tension controller (1-1); the gravity compensation module (1-3) is used to output the compensation tension of the high-voltage cable in real time, and the compensation signal output terminal of the gravity compensation module (1-3) is connected to the compensation signal input terminal of the tension controller (1-1); the tension controller (1-1) generates an excitation current based on the acquisition signal output by the tension sensor (1-2) and the compensation signal output by the gravity compensation module (1-3); the magnetic powder brake (1-4) is installed on the shaft end of the rotating shaft of the cable reel (5), and the excitation current output terminal of the tension controller (1-1) is connected to the excitation current input terminal of the magnetic powder brake (1-4); The traction machine (2) is set at the high-voltage cable termination point in the low mountain area, and the traction rope of the traction machine (2) passes through multiple guide supports (3) in sequence and then connects with the high-voltage cable on the cable reel (5); The multiple guide brackets (3) are arranged at intervals along the high-voltage cable laying path to support and guide the high-voltage cable.

2. The intelligent high-voltage cable laying device for mountainous terrain with high elevation difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gravity compensation module (1-3) includes an encoder (1-3-1) and an industrial computer (1-3-2). The encoder (1-3-1) is used to measure the length of the high-voltage cable released from the cable reel (5); and the length signal output terminal of the encoder (1-3-1) is connected to the length signal input terminal of the industrial control computer (1-3-2); The industrial control computer (1-3-2) calculates the compensation tension of the high-voltage cable based on the length signal output by the encoder (1-3-1).

3. The intelligent high-voltage cable laying device for mountainous terrain with high elevation difference according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the compensation tension by the industrial control computer (1-3-2) is as follows: in, For compensating tension of high-voltage cables; Weight per unit length of high-voltage cable; The length of the high-voltage cable is released from the cable reel (5); The slope angle of the mountain.

4. The intelligent high-voltage cable laying device for mountainous terrain with high elevation difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveyor (1) is equipped with an adjustment bracket (6); The adjusting bracket (6) is set on the outlet side of the cable reel (5), and an auxiliary roller is provided in the middle of the adjusting bracket (6). The high-voltage cable is mounted on the auxiliary roller, and the outlet angle of the high-voltage cable of the cable reel (5) is changed by adjusting the vertical height of the auxiliary roller.

5. The intelligent high-voltage cable laying device for mountainous terrain with high elevation difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide bracket (3) is equipped with an electromagnetic braking clamp; The electromagnetic braking clamp adopts a tiered braking strategy, with the electromagnetic braking clamp located in the upper section taking priority, and the electromagnetic braking clamp located in the lower section following in sequence.

6. The intelligent high-voltage cable laying device for mountainous terrain with high elevation difference according to claim 5, characterized in that, The electromagnetic braking clamp is equipped with an emergency protection mechanism; The emergency protection mechanism includes: Overspeed protection: When the sliding speed of the high-voltage cable exceeds the set value of 15m / min, the electromagnetic brake clamp will automatically trigger braking; Stall protection: When the tension sensor (1-2) detects a sudden drop in the tension of the high-voltage cable exceeding 20%, the electromagnetic brake clamp will brake immediately; Manual emergency braking: An emergency stop wireless remote control is provided on site. When the switch of the emergency stop wireless remote control is pressed, the electromagnetic brake clamp will immediately apply the brakes.

7. The intelligent high-voltage cable laying device for mountainous terrain with high elevation difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide bracket (3) is equipped with three-dimensional adjustable guide wheels; The horizontal adjustment range of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is ±30°; the vertical adjustment range of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is ±15°; the outer diameter of the three-dimensional adjustable guide wheel is ≥20 times the outer diameter of the high-voltage cable.

8. A smart high-voltage cable laying device for mountainous terrain with high elevation difference, as described in claims 1, 5, or 7, characterized in that: The interval between adjacent guide supports (3) is 10m to 15m, and the larger the slope angle of the mountain, the smaller the interval between adjacent guide supports (3).

9. A smart high-voltage cable laying device for mountainous terrain with high elevation difference as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The initial traction speed of the traction machine (2) is 3 m / min, and the initial traction time of the traction machine (2) is 1 min to 3 min; The operating traction speed of the traction machine (2) is 5 m / min to 10 m / min.

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