A non-orthogonal polar division multiple access wireless communication system and multiple access method
By employing non-orthogonal polar division multiple access (NOMA) technology in wireless communication systems and utilizing antenna elements with different polarizations and baseband preprocessing algorithms, multiple communication terminals can transmit simultaneously at the same frequency, thereby improving the system's access capability and network capacity and solving the challenges of spectrum efficiency and system capacity in traditional multiple access methods.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
When facing IoT services and massive device connections, existing wireless communication systems cannot meet the requirements of spectrum efficiency and system capacity with traditional multiple access methods, and it is difficult to support multiple communication terminals in very close locations to transmit signals at the same frequency simultaneously.
A non-orthogonal polar division multiple access (NOPA) wireless communication system is adopted. By setting up multiple antenna elements with different polarizations and non-orthogonal pairwise on the terminal side equipment and communication base station, a non-orthogonal pairwise channel model is established. Uplink signals are separated through baseband preprocessing and MIMO signal detection algorithms, enabling multiple communication terminals to transmit at the same frequency simultaneously.
It significantly improves the access capability and network capacity of wireless mobile communication systems, solves the problem of limited uplink bandwidth, and supports parallel data transmission of multiple communication terminals in very close proximity.
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Figure CN122247476A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, to a non-orthogonal polar division multiple access wireless communication system and a multiple access method. Background Technology
[0002] Multiple access is a crucial technology in wireless communication systems and a hallmark of generational advancements in mobile communication systems. Mobile communication systems have evolved through various orthogonal multiple access technologies, including 1G Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), 2G Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), 3G Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), 4G Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and 5G Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access + Space Division Multiple Access (OFDMA + SDMA). Currently, they are developing towards non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), including Power Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (PD-NOMA), Spatial Coding Multiple Access (SCMA), Multi-User Shared Multiple Access (MUSA), Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA), and Interleaved Division Multiple Access (IDMA).
[0003] For 6G mobile communication systems, the diverse range of IoT services and massive device connections pose new challenges to spectrum efficiency and system capacity. Traditional multiple access methods can no longer meet the needs, and further research is needed on new multiple access methods that can support more users accessing at the same time and have greater network capacity. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The embodiments of this application provide a non-orthogonal polar division multiple access wireless communication system and a multiple access method to significantly improve the system's multi-user access capability and network capacity.
[0005] Other features and advantages of this application will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part from practice of this application.
[0006] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of this application, a non-orthogonal polar division multiple access wireless communication system is provided, including: terminal-side devices and a communication base station that communicate with each other; The terminal-side device includes multiple communication terminals, each communication terminal being equipped with multiple first antenna elements of different polarizations and not mutually orthogonal. The communication base station includes an active array antenna and a baseband processing unit. The active array antenna is provided with multiple second antenna elements with different polarizations and which are not orthogonal to each other. The polarization characteristics of the first antenna element and the second antenna element are not pairwise orthogonal.
[0007] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, multiple communication terminals simultaneously transmit signals at the same frequency using non-pairwise orthogonal first antenna elements in the uplink time slot; In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, the same communication terminal uses one or more first antenna elements with different polarizations to transmit signals. When multiple first antenna elements with different polarizations are used to transmit signals, the data streams transmitted by each antenna element are different. In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, the first antenna element and the second antenna element transmitting at the same frequency have different and independent coupling coefficients. The system transmission model established based on the coupling coefficients is as follows: ; in, For transmitting signals using an active array antenna, For receiving signals with an active array antenna, For channel transmission matrix, The antenna coupling coefficient matrix is... The channel state matrix, .
[0008] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, the channel state matrix is a full-rank matrix, and its maximum singular value is no greater than 1000 times its minimum singular value.
[0009] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the communication terminal includes: a baseband processor, a first signal transmitting channel, a first signal receiving channel, and a first antenna unit; The first antenna unit is connected to the first signal transmitting channel and the first signal receiving channel; Both the first signal transmitting channel and the first signal receiving channel are connected to the baseband processor.
[0010] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the active array antenna includes: a second antenna unit, a second signal transmission channel, a second signal reception channel, a signal distribution and merging network, a baseband preprocessing module, and a photoelectric conversion module; The second antenna unit is connected to the second signal transmitting channel and the second signal receiving channel; Both the second signal transmission channel and the second signal reception channel are connected to the signal distribution and merging network; The signal distribution and merging network is connected to the baseband preprocessing module; The baseband preprocessing module is connected to the photoelectric conversion module.
[0011] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, multiple first antenna elements with the same polarization characteristics form a subarray, and the polarization characteristics of each subarray are different and not pairwise orthogonal.
[0012] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, multiple second antenna elements with the same polarization characteristics form a subarray, and the polarization characteristics of each subarray are different and not pairwise orthogonal.
[0013] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, different polarization methods, different polarization directions, different tilt angles, different rotation angles, different axial ratios, irregular shapes, and non-standard polarizations are used to achieve different polarization characteristics for each first antenna element / subarray, and these characteristics are not mutually orthogonal.
[0014] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, different polarization methods, different polarization directions, different tilt angles, different rotation angles, different axial ratios, irregular shapes, and non-standard polarizations are used to achieve different polarization characteristics for each second antenna element / subarray, and these characteristics are not mutually orthogonal.
[0015] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this application, a non-orthogonal polar division multiple access method is provided, applied to the system as described in the first aspect above, comprising: In step S100, each communication terminal periodically transmits pilot signals using first antenna elements with different polarizations; In step S200, the communication base station calculates the channel state information based on the received multi-channel pilot signals and determines the communication terminal number and the first antenna element number that transmit simultaneously in each uplink time slot at the same frequency. In step S300, the communication base station sends a control command containing the communication terminal number and the first antenna element number to each communication terminal through the downlink control channel; In step S400, after receiving the control command, each communication terminal uses first antenna elements with different polarizations to simultaneously transmit uplink signals and service data at the same frequency in the agreed uplink time slot. In step S500, after the communication base station receives multiple uplink signals, it first performs baseband preprocessing in the active array antenna, and then sends the preprocessed signals to the baseband processing unit through optical fiber. The baseband processing unit separates the uplink signals sent by each communication terminal through the MIMO signal detection algorithm.
[0016] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, determining the communication terminal number and the first antenna element number for simultaneous uplink time slot transmission at the same frequency includes: Step S110: Select a first antenna element of any communication terminal and obtain the channel state vector. Construct the initial channel state matrix ; Step S120: Select communication terminal First antenna unit Obtain the channel state vector In the initial channel state matrix Add row vectors to the existing structure A new channel state matrix is formed. : ; Step S130: Calculate the channel state matrix rank-2 norm condition number ,like It is a full-rank matrix and Then Updated to Otherwise, keep constant; Step S140: Select different first antenna elements of different communication terminals in sequence, and repeat steps S120~S130 until all first antenna elements of all communication terminals have been traversed. At this time, the channel state matrix... The corresponding communication terminal number and the first antenna element number can be transmitted simultaneously using the same subcarrier; Step S150: Repeat steps S110 to S140 in the remaining communication terminals and first antenna units until there are no more remaining communication terminals and first antenna units. Step S160: Allocate uplink time slots based on the channel state calculation results and service transmission requirements.
[0017] The technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects: Existing wireless mobile communication systems can only support multiple communication terminals located in different locations with weak channel correlation to transmit signals simultaneously. However, this invention can support multiple communication terminals located very close to each other with strong channel correlation to transmit signals at the same frequency for parallel data transmission. This can significantly improve the access capability and network capacity of wireless mobile communication systems and solve the problem of limited uplink bandwidth.
[0018] This invention is particularly suitable for the design of wireless mobile communication systems, as well as the research and development and production of communication terminals and communication base stations.
[0019] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description
[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a non-orthogonal polar division multiple access wireless communication system according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication terminal according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an active array antenna according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an active array antenna neutron array according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the non-orthogonal polarization of an active array antenna neutron array according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 6 A flowchart of a non-orthogonal polar division multiple access method according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an uplink signal transmitted by a communication terminal according to an embodiment of this application is shown.
[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 110 - Terminal-side equipment; 111 - Communication terminal; 120 - Communication base station; 121 - Active array antenna; 122 - Baseband processing unit; 1111 - Baseband processor; 1112 - First signal transmission channel; 1113 - First signal reception channel; 1114 - First antenna unit; 1211 - Second antenna unit; 1212 - Second signal transmission channel; 1213 - Second signal reception channel; 1214 - Signal distribution and merging network; 1215 - Baseband preprocessing module; 1216 - Photoelectric conversion module. Detailed Implementation
[0022] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.
[0023] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Numerous specific details are provided in the following description to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the technical solutions of this application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or other methods, components, apparatuses, steps, etc., can be employed. In other instances, well-known methods, apparatuses, implementations, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of this application.
[0024] The block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are merely functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically independent entities. That is, these functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.
[0025] It should be noted that "multiple" as mentioned in this article refers to two or more.
[0026] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such uses of these terms can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described.
[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0028] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.
[0029] See Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a non-orthogonal polar division multiple access wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a terminal-side device 110 and a communication base station 120 that communicate with each other; The terminal-side device 110 includes multiple communication terminals 111, each communication terminal 111 being provided with multiple first antenna elements of different polarizations and not mutually orthogonal. The communication base station 120 includes an active array antenna 121 and a baseband processing unit 122. The active array antenna 121 is provided with multiple second antenna elements with different polarizations and which are not orthogonal to each other. The polarization characteristics of the first antenna element and the second antenna element are not pairwise orthogonal.
[0031] In some feasible embodiments, based on the aforementioned scheme, multiple communication terminals simultaneously transmit signals at the same frequency using a non-pairwise orthogonal first antenna element in the uplink time slot.
[0032] In some feasible embodiments, based on the aforementioned scheme, the same communication terminal uses one or more first antenna elements with different polarizations to transmit signals. When multiple first antenna elements with different polarizations are used to transmit signals, the data streams transmitted by each antenna element are different.
[0033] In some feasible embodiments, based on the aforementioned scheme, the first antenna element and the second antenna element transmitting at the same frequency have different and independent coupling coefficients, and the system transmission model established based on the coupling coefficients is as follows: ; in, For transmitting signals using an active array antenna, For receiving signals with an active array antenna, For channel transmission matrix, The antenna coupling coefficient matrix is... The channel state matrix, .
[0034] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the channel state matrix... It is a full-rank matrix, and its largest singular value is no greater than 1000 times its smallest singular value, i.e., the matrix... 2-norm condition number ≤1000.
[0035] In some feasible embodiments, based on the foregoing scheme, the communication terminal includes: a baseband processor, a first signal transmission channel, a first signal reception channel, and a first antenna unit; The first antenna unit is connected to the first signal transmitting channel and the first signal receiving channel; Both the first signal transmitting channel and the first signal receiving channel are connected to the baseband processor.
[0036] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the communication terminal 111 includes a baseband processor 1111, multiple first signal transmission channels 1112, multiple first signal receiving channels 1113, and multiple first antenna units 1114.
[0037] In this configuration, a first antenna unit 1114 is connected to a first signal transmission channel 1112 and a first signal reception channel 1113, and then connected to a baseband processor 1111.
[0038] In some feasible embodiments, based on the aforementioned scheme, the active array antenna includes: a second antenna unit, a second signal transmission channel, a second signal reception channel, a signal distribution and merging network, a baseband preprocessing module, and a photoelectric conversion module; The second antenna unit is connected to the second signal transmitting channel and the second signal receiving channel; Both the second signal transmission channel and the second signal reception channel are connected to the signal distribution and merging network; The signal distribution and merging network is connected to the baseband preprocessing module; The baseband preprocessing module is connected to the photoelectric conversion module.
[0039] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the active array antenna 121 includes: multiple second antenna elements 1211, multiple second signal transmission channels 1212, multiple second signal reception channels 1213, a signal distribution and merging network 1214, a baseband preprocessing module 1215, and a photoelectric conversion module 1216.
[0040] Each second antenna unit 1211 is connected to a second signal transmission channel 1212 and a second signal receiving channel 1213; the second signal transmission channel 1212 and the second signal receiving channel 1213 are both connected to a signal distribution and merging network 1214, which is then connected in sequence to a baseband preprocessing module 1215 and a photoelectric conversion module 1216.
[0041] In some feasible embodiments, based on the aforementioned scheme, multiple first antenna elements with the same polarization characteristics form a subarray, and the polarization characteristics of each subarray are different and not pairwise orthogonal.
[0042] In some feasible embodiments, based on the aforementioned scheme, multiple second antenna elements with the same polarization characteristics form a subarray, and the polarization characteristics of each subarray are different and not pairwise orthogonal.
[0043] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the second antenna element is divided into subarrays according to polarization characteristics. Multiple antenna elements with the same polarization characteristics form a subarray. The received signals of multiple second antenna elements in each subarray are combined in the analog domain and then sampled by AD, which facilitates integration with beamforming technology.
[0044] In some feasible embodiments, based on the aforementioned scheme, different polarization methods, different polarization directions, different tilt angles, different rotation angles, different axial ratios, irregular shapes, and non-standard polarizations are used to achieve different polarization characteristics for each first antenna element / subarray, and these characteristics are not mutually orthogonal.
[0045] In some feasible embodiments, based on the aforementioned scheme, different polarization methods, different polarization directions, different tilt angles, different rotation angles, different axial ratios, irregular shapes, and non-standard polarizations are used to achieve different polarization characteristics for each second antenna element / subarray, and these characteristics are not mutually orthogonal.
[0046] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, by employing different polarization methods (linear polarization, circular polarization), different polarization directions (vertical / horizontal polarization, left-hand / right-hand circular polarization), different tilt angles, different rotation angles, different axial ratios, irregular shapes, and non-standard polarization, the polarization characteristics of each antenna element are not pairwise orthogonal, and each first antenna element and each second antenna element have different and independent coupling coefficients.
[0047] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the structure of each first antenna element / subarray is different, and similarly, the structure of each second antenna element / subarray is also different.
[0048] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a non-orthogonal polar division multiple access method, which is applied to the system described in any of the above embodiments.
[0049] like Figure 6 As shown, the method includes: In step S100, each communication terminal periodically transmits pilot signals using first antenna elements with different polarizations; In step S200, the communication base station calculates the channel state information based on the received multi-channel pilot signals and determines the communication terminal number and the first antenna element number that transmit simultaneously in each uplink time slot at the same frequency. In step S300, the communication base station sends a control command containing the communication terminal number and the first antenna element number to each communication terminal through the downlink control channel; In step S400, after receiving the control command, each communication terminal uses first antenna elements with different polarizations to simultaneously transmit uplink signals and service data at the same frequency in the agreed uplink time slot. In step S500, after the communication base station receives multiple uplink signals, it first performs baseband preprocessing in the active array antenna, and then sends the preprocessed signals to the baseband processing unit through optical fiber. The baseband processing unit separates the uplink signals sent by each communication terminal through the MIMO signal detection algorithm.
[0050] In some feasible embodiments, based on the foregoing scheme, determining the communication terminal number and the first antenna element number for simultaneous uplink time slot transmission at the same frequency includes: Step S110: Select a first antenna element of any communication terminal and obtain the channel state vector. Construct the initial channel state matrix ; Step S120: Select communication terminal First antenna unit Obtain the channel state vector In the initial channel state matrix Add row vectors to the existing structure A new channel state matrix is formed. : ; Step S130: Calculate the channel state matrix rank-2 norm condition number ,like It is a full-rank matrix and Then Updated to Otherwise, keep constant; Step S140: Select different first antenna elements of different communication terminals in sequence, and repeat steps S120~S130 until all first antenna elements of all communication terminals have been traversed. At this time, the channel state matrix... The corresponding communication terminal number and the first antenna element number can be transmitted simultaneously using the same subcarrier; Step S150: Repeat steps S110 to S140 in the remaining communication terminals and first antenna units until there are no more remaining communication terminals and first antenna units. Step S160: Allocate uplink time slots based on the channel state calculation results and service transmission requirements.
[0051] In some feasible embodiments, based on the foregoing scheme, such as Figure 7 As shown, in the same uplink time slot with the start time t0, multiple communication terminals simultaneously transmit signals at the same frequency using non-orthogonal first antenna elements, and the same communication terminal uses multiple first antenna elements to transmit different data streams.
[0052] Other embodiments of this application will readily conceive of by those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A non-orthogonal polar division multiple access wireless communication system, characterized in that, include: Terminal-side devices and communication base stations that communicate with each other; The terminal-side device includes multiple communication terminals, each communication terminal being equipped with multiple first antenna elements of different polarizations and not mutually orthogonal. The communication base station includes an active array antenna and a baseband processing unit. The active array antenna is provided with multiple second antenna elements with different polarizations and which are not orthogonal to each other. The polarization characteristics of the first antenna element and the second antenna element are not pairwise orthogonal.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple communication terminals simultaneously transmit signals at the same frequency using non-orthogonal first antenna elements in the uplink time slot.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The same communication terminal uses one or more first antenna elements with different polarizations to transmit signals. When multiple first antenna elements with different polarizations are used to transmit signals, the data streams transmitted by each antenna element are different.
4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first antenna element and the second antenna element, which transmit at the same frequency, have different and independent coupling coefficients. The system transmission model established based on these coupling coefficients is as follows: ； in, For transmitting signals using an active array antenna, For receiving signals with an active array antenna, For channel transmission matrix, The antenna coupling coefficient matrix is... The channel state matrix, .
5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The channel state matrix is a full-rank matrix, and its maximum singular value is no greater than 1000 times its minimum singular value.
6. A non-orthogonal polar division multiple access method, applied to the system as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: In step S100, each communication terminal periodically transmits pilot signals using first antenna elements with different polarizations; In step S200, the communication base station calculates the channel state information based on the received multi-channel pilot signals and determines the communication terminal number and the first antenna element number that transmit simultaneously in each uplink time slot at the same frequency. In step S300, the communication base station sends a control command containing the communication terminal number and the first antenna element number to each communication terminal through the downlink control channel; In step S400, after receiving the control command, each communication terminal uses first antenna elements with different polarizations to simultaneously transmit uplink signals and service data at the same frequency in the agreed uplink time slot. In step S500, after the communication base station receives multiple uplink signals, it first performs baseband preprocessing in the active array antenna, and then sends the preprocessed signals to the baseband processing unit through optical fiber. The baseband processing unit separates the uplink signals sent by each communication terminal through the MIMO signal detection algorithm.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The determination of the communication terminal number and the first antenna element number for simultaneous uplink time slot transmission at the same frequency includes: Step S110: Select a first antenna element of any communication terminal and obtain the channel state vector. Construct the initial channel state matrix ; Step S120: Select communication terminal First antenna unit Obtain the channel state vector In the initial channel state matrix Add row vectors to the existing structure A new channel state matrix is formed. : ； Step S130: Calculate the channel state matrix rank-2 norm condition number ,like It is a full-rank matrix and Then Updated to Otherwise, keep constant; Step S140: Select different first antenna elements of different communication terminals in sequence, and repeat steps S120~S130 until all first antenna elements of all communication terminals have been traversed. At this time, the channel state matrix... The corresponding communication terminal number and the first antenna element number can be transmitted simultaneously using the same subcarrier; Step S150: Repeat steps S110 to S140 in the remaining communication terminals and first antenna units until there are no more remaining communication terminals and first antenna units. Step S160: Allocate uplink time slots based on the channel state calculation results and service transmission requirements.