Concrete segments of tower segments of a wind turbine tower and a mold configured for casting concrete segments

Abstract

The object of the present invention is a concrete segment of a wind turbine tower that minimizes adverse local effects in the connection area between adjacent concrete tower segments; a tower segment comprising at least two concrete segments; an assembly comprising two adjacent tower segments and a joint disposed between the two adjacent tower segments; a tower comprising at least one assembly; and a mold configured for casting the concrete segment.

Description

[0001] Purpose of the invention

[0002] The purpose of this invention is to provide a concrete segment for a wind turbine tower section that optimizes the amount of concrete used, as the thickness of the segment can be adjusted according to the weight, load, and fatigue stress that the segment is intended to bear.

[0003] The present invention also relates to a tower segment comprising at least two concrete segments, an assembly comprising two adjacent tower segments and a joint disposed between the two adjacent tower segments, a tower comprising at least one of the assemblies, and a mold configured for casting concrete segments. Background Technology

[0004] A wind turbine consists of a tower, a nacelle that houses the generator, and a rotor consisting of at least two blades. The tower supports the nacelle and rotor. Large wind turbines have steel, lattice, or reinforced concrete towers, and even hybrid towers, which include tower sections made of different materials, such as a lower tower section made of concrete and an upper tower section made of steel or lattice.

[0005] Due to the height of wind turbines, the tower must be divided into multiple ring-shaped sections, which are stacked during the wind turbine assembly phase to form the full height of the tower. The advantage of dividing the tower into sections is that the size of each section makes it easier to transport by road or rail.

[0006] One of the most common materials used for large towers is concrete because it involves competitive cost and performance compared to the production of steel towers with similar properties. However, each concrete tower segment can easily weigh over one hundred tons, which is uncommon in metal tower segments, thus requiring heavy-duty lifting and positioning equipment for stacking concrete segments. The cost of using such lifting and positioning equipment (e.g., a crane) is directly related to the tonnage and height it can handle and its operating time. This heavy-duty crane is also used for lifting and positioning nacelles, as nacelles can also weigh over 100 tons.

[0007] The design of wind turbine components and the connection design of each component after installation should take into account the loads they must withstand throughout their service life to ensure normal operation. In particular, the connections between different concrete tower sections are adapted to withstand the loads they must bear throughout their service life, such as gravity loads, assembly loads, inertial loads, aerodynamic loads, operating loads, and other loads (such as earthquakes) depending on the wind turbine installation site.

[0008] Currently, some wind turbine towers with concrete segments include a geometry in the connection area between adjacent concrete segments that incorporates an inward increase in thickness relative to the wall thickness of the central portion of each concrete segment. This inward increase in thickness is necessary to provide a wider contact area for the concrete-grout (or concrete-resin) interface in the horizontal joints between adjacent segments, allowing stress to be borne by the filler material (grout or resin) used in the horizontal joints, and permitting certain manufacturing or casting defects in the filler material.

[0009] However, this state-of-the-art geometry can produce undesirable local effects in concrete segments, such as: Local bending moments in the transition zone from the center of the concrete segment to the connection area increase the compressive stress in the concrete and require additional reinforcement against tensile forces at the beginning of the connection area; and Circumferential compressive and tensile stresses near the thickness change area.

[0010] The present invention solves the above problems by providing a concrete segment of a wind turbine tower section that minimizes adverse local effects in the connection area between adjacent concrete tower sections or between the upper concrete tower section and the adapter disposed between the wind turbine assembly and the tower.

[0011] Invention Description

[0012] This invention relates to a concrete segment of a wind turbine tower section, the concrete segment comprising: A central region comprising an inner surface, an outer surface, and a central surface, a lower portion, and an upper portion equidistant from the inner and outer surfaces, wherein the central region further comprises a first wall thickness defined as the distance between the inner and outer surfaces; and At least one connection area, the at least one connection area including a horizontal connection flange, wherein the at least one connection area is configured to, in use, connect to an adjacent connection area of ​​an adjacent concrete segment, or connect to an adapter or to a foundation via the horizontal connection flange, the adjacent connection area including an adjacent horizontal connection flange.

[0013] Optionally, the first wall thickness of the lower part of the central region is greater than the first wall thickness of the upper part of the central region.

[0014] Optionally, the first wall thickness decreases from the lower part to the upper part of the central region of the concrete segment.

[0015] This is particularly advantageous for all-concrete towers (but not limited to this), and the configuration of the present invention is preferably advantageous for the lower concrete tower section, preferably the section close to the foundation. In this sense, it is also possible to use the concrete segments of the present invention for hybrid concrete towers.

[0016] Furthermore, because the segment dimensions were adjusted according to actual needs—that is, the thickness varied within the same segment—the amount of concrete used was optimized. Therefore, the segment thickness can be adjusted based on the weight, load, and fatigue stress the segment is intended to bear.

[0017] Optionally, the first wall thickness decreases uniformly from the lower part to the upper part of the central region of the concrete segment.

[0018] Optionally, the first wall thickness decreases non-uniformly from the lower part to the upper part of the central region of the concrete segment.

[0019] Optionally, the first wall thickness at the lower part of the central region is greater than 100% of the first wall thickness at the upper part of the central region and less than 200% of the first wall thickness at the upper part of the central region.

[0020] Optionally, the first wall thickness at the lower part of the central region is greater than 125% of the first wall thickness at the upper part of the central region and less than 175% of the first wall thickness at the upper part of the central region.

[0021] Optionally, the first wall thickness at the lower part of the central region is greater than 140% of the first wall thickness at the upper part of the central region and less than 160% of the first wall thickness at the upper part of the central region.

[0022] Optionally, the at least one connecting region includes a second wall thickness greater than the first wall thickness.

[0023] Optionally, the second wall thickness of the at least one connecting region further includes an inward thickness increase relative to the first wall thickness.

[0024] Optionally, the second wall thickness of the at least one connecting region further includes an outward thickness increase relative to the first wall thickness.

[0025] Optionally, the at least one connection area includes a lower connection area, the lower connection area including a horizontal connection flange, wherein the lower connection area is configured to be connected in use to an adjacent connection area of ​​the lower concrete segment or to the foundation via the horizontal connection flange, the adjacent connection area including an adjacent horizontal connection flange, wherein the horizontal connection flange of the lower connection area includes a second wall thickness, the second wall thickness being greater than the first wall thickness of the central area of ​​the concrete segment.

[0026] Optionally, the at least one connection area includes an upper connection area, the upper connection area including a horizontal connection flange, wherein the upper connection area is configured to be connected in use to an adjacent connection area of ​​the upper concrete segment or to an adapter via the horizontal connection flange, the adjacent connection area including an adjacent horizontal connection flange, wherein the horizontal connection flange of the upper connection area includes a second wall thickness, the second wall thickness being less than the first wall thickness of the central region of the concrete segment.

[0027] Optionally, the concrete segment includes a lower connection region and an upper connection region as described above.

[0028] Optionally, the wall thickness decreases uniformly from the lower connecting region to the upper connecting region.

[0029] Optionally, the wall thickness decreases non-uniformly from the lower connecting region to the upper connecting region.

[0030] Optionally, the wall thickness at the lower connecting region is greater than 100% of the wall thickness at the upper connecting region but less than 200% of the wall thickness at the upper connecting region.

[0031] Optionally, the wall thickness at the lower connecting region is greater than 125% of the first wall thickness at the upper connecting region and less than 175% of the first wall thickness at the upper connecting region.

[0032] Optionally, the wall thickness at the lower connecting region is greater than 140% of the first wall thickness at the upper connecting region and less than 160% of the first wall thickness at the upper connecting region.

[0033] Optionally, the wall thickness decreases from the horizontal connecting flange in the lower connecting area to the horizontal connecting flange in the upper connecting area.

[0034] The phrase "increased thickness inward" refers to the increased thickness of concrete segments towards the inside of a wind turbine tower when the segments are used in the tower.

[0035] The phrase "increased thickness outwards" refers to the increased thickness of concrete segments towards the outside of the wind turbine tower when the segments are used in the tower.

[0036] The term "center surface" refers to the internal surface of a concrete segment, which is inaccessible; that is, it is the virtual center surface of the concrete segment.

[0037] Preferably, during use, the central surface coincides with the load path to be transmitted along the central region.

[0038] Optionally, the second wall thickness at the horizontal connecting flange in the lower connecting area is between 100% and 225% of the second wall thickness at the horizontal connecting flange in the upper connecting area, more preferably between 100% and 125%.

[0039] Optionally, the increase in inward thickness is greater than or equal to the increase in outward thickness.

[0040] Preferably, in at least a portion of the at least one connection region, the inward thickness increase is greater than the outward thickness increase.

[0041] Preferably, along the entire extension of the at least one connecting region, the inward thickness increases more than the outward thickness increases.

[0042] Optionally, the increase in inward thickness and the increase in outward thickness are symmetrical with respect to the central surface.

[0043] Optionally, the increase in inward thickness and the increase in outward thickness are asymmetrical relative to the central surface.

[0044] Optionally, the inward and / or outward thickness increases include at least one inclined portion (transition portion) and at least one substantially vertical portion, wherein the thickness increases in at least one inclined portion.

[0045] Preferably, the at least one substantially vertical portion is adjacent to the horizontal connecting flange.

[0046] Preferably, the at least one substantially vertical portion is adjacent to the horizontal connecting flange and follows the taper of the tower (preferably, the taper slope relative to the vertical plane is between 0.5° and 3°).

[0047] Preferably, the inclined portion includes an inclined portion slope, wherein the inclined portion slope is between 75° and 90° relative to the horizontal plane.

[0048] Preferably, the ratio between the first wall thickness and the second wall thickness is between 25% and 70%.

[0049] Optionally, the at least one connecting region includes a height, and the concrete segment includes a height, wherein the height of the at least one connecting region is between 5% and 30% of the height of the concrete segment.

[0050] Preferably, the inclined portion includes a height, wherein the height of the inclined portion is between 30% and 90% of the height of the at least one connecting region.

[0051] The present invention also relates to a tower segment comprising at least two concrete segments as described above.

[0052] The present invention also relates to an assembly comprising at least two adjacent tower segments as an upper tower segment and a lower tower segment, and a substantially horizontal joint disposed between the two adjacent tower segments, wherein at least one connection region of the at least two concrete segments of the upper tower segment is disposed at the lower end of the concrete segment, and at least one connection region of the at least two concrete segments of the lower tower segment is disposed at the upper end of the concrete segment.

[0053] Optionally, the second wall thickness of the upper connecting region of at least two concrete segments of the lower tower segment is substantially equal to the second wall thickness of the lower connecting region of at least two concrete segments of the upper tower segment.

[0054] Preferably, the inward thickness of the upper connecting area of ​​at least two concrete segments of the lower tower section towards the inside of the tower increases less than the inward thickness of the lower connecting area of ​​at least two concrete segments of the upper tower section towards the inside of the tower.

[0055] Preferably, the inward thickness of the upper connecting region of at least two concrete segments of the lower tower section towards the inside of the tower increases equal to the inward thickness of the lower connecting region of at least two concrete segments of the upper tower section towards the inside of the tower.

[0056] The present invention also relates to a tower comprising at least one assembly as described above.

[0057] Preferably, the tower comprises at least two assemblies as described above, namely an upper assembly and a lower assembly, wherein the outward increase in the second wall thickness of at least one connecting region of the upper assembly is greater than the outward increase in the second wall thickness of at least one connecting region of the lower assembly.

[0058] Preferably, the tower comprises at least two assemblies as described above, namely an upper assembly and a lower assembly, each assembly comprising an upper tower segment and a lower tower segment, wherein the first thickness of the central region of the upper and lower tower segments of the lower assembly is constant, while the first thickness of the central region of at least one of the upper and lower tower segments of the upper assembly comprises a thickness that decreases with height. Specifically, the first thickness of the central region of the upper and lower tower segments of the lower assembly is equal.

[0059] Preferably, for at least one of the two assemblies, the first wall thickness of the lower tower section is greater than the first wall thickness of the upper tower section, and the second wall thickness of the lower tower section is less than the second wall thickness of the upper tower section.

[0060] Preferably, the first wall thickness of the central region of the upper tower section and the lower tower section of the lower assembly is equal, and the second wall thickness of at least one connecting region of the upper tower section and the lower tower section of the lower assembly is equal.

[0061] The present invention also relates to a wind turbine comprising a tower as described above.

[0062] The present invention also relates to a mold configured for casting concrete segments as described above, wherein the mold comprises a base, a counter-mould, and two sides, wherein the base comprises: A central surface, comprising an outer diameter, a first end, and a second end; and At least one connecting surface is configured to be adjacent to a side edge; The reverse mold comprises: A central surface, comprising an inner diameter, and a first end and a second end respectively opposite to the first end and the second end of the central surface of the base; and At least one connecting surface is configured to be adjacent to one of the side edges; The difference between the outer diameter of the center surface of the base and the inner diameter of the center surface of the mold decreases from the first end to the second end.

[0063] The present invention also relates to a method for assembling a wind turbine, the method comprising at least the step of assembling the assembly as described above, the step comprising the following steps: Lifting the lower section of the tower; The upper tower section is lifted onto the lower tower section; A horizontal joint is constructed between the lower tower section and the upper tower section. Attached Figure Description

[0064] To supplement the description and to facilitate a better understanding of the features of the invention according to preferred embodiments, this specification is accompanied by a set of drawings as an integral part thereof. These drawings are intended to be illustrative and not limiting of the scope of the invention, and are shown below: Figure 1 A concrete tower for a wind turbine is shown, comprising at least two concrete tower sections, each of which contains at least one concrete segment according to the prior art.

[0065] Figure 2 A concrete segment of a wind turbine tower section according to a first preferred embodiment is shown.

[0066] Figure 3 A concrete segment of a wind turbine tower section according to a second preferred embodiment is shown.

[0067] Figure 4 A concrete segment of a wind turbine tower section according to a third preferred embodiment is shown.

[0068] Figure 5 A concrete segment of a wind turbine tower section according to a fourth preferred embodiment is shown.

[0069] Figure 6 Other embodiments of the concrete segments of the wind turbine tower section of the present invention are shown.

[0070] Figure 7 Three other embodiments of the concrete segment according to the present invention are shown.

[0071] Figure 8 A wind turbine generator according to another aspect of the present invention is shown.

[0072] Figure 9 A mold according to another aspect of the present invention is shown.

[0073] Detailed embodiments of the present invention

[0074] The following is a detailed description of the concrete segment (1) of the tower section (20) of the wind turbine tower (30) according to the present invention, wherein the concrete segment (1) comprises: A central region (2), the central region (2) comprising an inner surface (3), an outer surface (4), and a central surface (5), a lower portion (31), and an upper portion (32) disposed at equal distances from the inner surface (3) and the outer surface (4), wherein the central region (2) further comprises a first wall thickness (WT1) defined as the distance between the inner surface (3) and the outer surface (4); and At least one connection area (7) includes a horizontal connection flange (8), wherein the at least one connection area (7) is configured to, in use, connect to an adjacent connection area (7) of an adjacent concrete segment (1), or to an adapter (60) or to a foundation (50) via the horizontal connection flange (8), the adjacent connection area (7) including an adjacent horizontal connection flange (8). The first wall thickness (WT1) of the lower part (31) of the central region (2) is greater than the first wall thickness (WT1) of the upper part (32) of the central region (2).

[0075] Optionally, the first wall thickness (WT1) decreases from the lower (31) to the upper (32) of the central region (2) of the concrete segment (1).

[0076] Optionally, at least one connection region (7) includes a second wall thickness (WT2) greater than the first wall thickness (WT1), wherein the second wall thickness (WT2) includes an inward thickness increase (IT) relative to the first wall thickness (WT1).

[0077] Optionally, the second wall thickness (WT2) of at least one connecting region (7) further includes an outward thickness increase (OT) relative to the first wall thickness (WT1).

[0078] Optionally, the first wall thickness (WT1) at the lower part (32) of the central region (2) is greater than 100% of the first wall thickness (WT1) at the upper part (31) of the central region (2) and is less than 200% of the first wall thickness (WT1) at the upper part (31) of the central region (2).

[0079] Optionally, the first wall thickness (WT1) at the lower part (32) of the central region (2) is greater than 125% of the first wall thickness (WT1) at the upper part (31) of the central region (2) and is less than 175% of the first wall thickness (WT1) at the upper part (31) of the central region (2).

[0080] Optionally, the first wall thickness (WT1) at the lower part (32) of the central region (2) is greater than 140% of the first wall thickness (WT1) at the upper part (31) of the central region (2) and less than 160% of the first wall thickness (WT1) at the upper part (31) of the central region (2).

[0081] Optionally, the first wall thickness (WT1) decreases uniformly from the lower (31) to the upper (32) of the central region (2) of the concrete segment (1).

[0082] Optionally, the first wall thickness (WT1) decreases non-uniformly from the lower (31) to the upper (32) of the central region (2) of the concrete segment (1), such as... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The implementation plan is shown below.

[0083] Optionally, the inner surface (3) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1), and the outer surface (4) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1'), wherein the first taper (C1) of the inner surface (3) is at least partially greater than the first taper (C1') of the outer surface (4).

[0084] Optionally, the inner surface (3) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1), and the outer surface (4) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1'), wherein the first taper (C1) of the inner surface (3) is at least partially smaller than the first taper (C1') of the outer surface (4).

[0085] Optionally, the inner surface (3) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1), and the outer surface (4) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1'), wherein the first taper (C1) of the inner surface (3) is at least partially equal to the first taper (C1') of the outer surface (4).

[0086] like Figure 7As shown in the implementation, the inner surface (3) of the central region (2) includes at least one second taper (C2) and / or the outer surface (4) of the central region (2) includes at least one second taper (C2'), wherein the second taper (C2) of the inner surface (3) and / or the second taper (C2') of the outer surface (4) are at least partially equal to, less than or greater than the second taper (C2') of the outer surface (4) and / or the second taper (C2) of the inner surface (3), or at least partially equal to, less than or greater than the first taper (C1') of the outer surface (4) and / or the first taper (C1) of the inner surface (3).

[0087] Optionally, the concrete segment (1) further comprises an upper end (12) and a lower end (11), wherein the thickness decreases at least partially from the lower end (11) to the upper end (12).

[0088] Preferably, the at least one connection area (7) includes a lower connection area, the lower connection area including a horizontal connection flange (8), wherein the lower connection area (7) is configured to be connected to an adjacent connection area of ​​the lower concrete segment or to the foundation (50) via the horizontal connection flange in use, the adjacent connection area including an adjacent horizontal connection flange, wherein the horizontal connection flange (8) of the lower connection area (7) includes a second wall thickness (WT2), the second wall thickness (WT2) being greater than the first wall thickness (WT1) of the central area (2) of the concrete segment (1).

[0089] Preferably, the at least one connection area includes an upper connection area (7) which includes a horizontal connection flange (8), wherein the upper connection area is configured to be connected in use to an adjacent connection area of ​​the upper concrete segment or to an adapter (60) via the horizontal connection flange, the adjacent connection area including an adjacent horizontal connection flange, wherein the horizontal connection flange (8) of the upper connection area (7) includes a second wall thickness (WT2) which is less than the first wall thickness (WT1) of the central area (2) of the concrete segment (1).

[0090] Optionally, the at least one connecting region (7) is located at the upper end (12) and / or lower end (11) of the tower segment (1).

[0091] The present invention also relates to a tower segment (20) comprising at least two concrete segments (1) as described above.

[0092] The present invention also relates to a tower (30) comprising at least two tower segments (20) as described above.

[0093] Optionally, the tower (30) includes at least two adjacent tower segments (20) as an upper tower segment and a lower tower segment, and a substantially horizontal joint (25) disposed between the two adjacent tower segments (20), wherein the first wall thickness (WT1) of the two concrete segments (1) of the lower tower segment is greater than the first wall thickness (WT1) of the two concrete segments (1) of the upper tower segment.

[0094] The present invention also relates to a wind turbine (40) comprising a tower (30) as described above.

[0095] The present invention also relates to a mold (100) configured for casting concrete segments (1) as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the mold (100) as shown in FIG14 includes at least a base (101), a reverse mold (102) and two sides (103). The base (101) mentioned above includes: A central surface (104) comprising an outer diameter (D), a first end (111), and a second end (112); and At least one connecting surface (105), said at least one connecting surface (105) being configured to be adjacent to a side edge (103); wherein said anti-mold (102) includes A central surface (106) comprising an inner diameter (d), and a first end (111') and a second end (112') respectively opposite to the first end (111) and the second end (112) of the central surface (104) of the base (102); and At least one connecting surface (107) is configured to be adjacent to one of the side edges (103); The difference between the outer diameter (D) of the center surface (104) of the base (101) and the inner diameter (d) of the center surface (106) of the mold (102) decreases from the first end (111, 111') to the second end (112, 112').

Claims

1. A concrete segment (1) of a tower section (20) of a wind turbine tower (30), wherein the concrete segment (1) comprises: A central region (2), the central region (2) comprising an inner surface (3), an outer surface (4), and a central surface (5), a lower portion (31), and an upper portion (32) disposed at equal distances from the inner surface (3) and the outer surface (4), wherein the central region (2) further comprises a first wall thickness (WT1) defined as the distance between the inner surface (3) and the outer surface (4); and At least one connection area (7) includes a horizontal connection flange (8), wherein the at least one connection area (7) is configured to, in use, connect to an adjacent connection area (7) of an adjacent concrete segment (1), or to an adapter (60) or to a foundation (50) via the horizontal connection flange (8), the adjacent connection area (7) including an adjacent horizontal connection flange (8). Its features are, The first wall thickness (WT1) of the lower part (31) of the central region (2) is greater than the first wall thickness (WT1) of the upper part (32) of the central region (2).

2. The concrete segment (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one connection region (7) includes a lower connection region, the lower connection region including a horizontal connection flange (8), wherein the lower connection region (7) is configured to be connected in use to an adjacent connection region of the lower concrete segment or to a foundation (50) via the horizontal connection flange, the adjacent connection region including an adjacent horizontal connection flange, wherein the horizontal connection flange (8) of the lower connection region (7) includes a second wall thickness (WT2), the second wall thickness (WT2) being greater than the first wall thickness (WT1) of the central region (2) of the concrete segment (1).

3. The concrete segment (1) as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one connection region includes an upper connection region (7), the upper connection region (7) includes a horizontal connection flange (8), wherein the upper connection region is configured to be connected in use to an adjacent connection region of the upper concrete segment or to an adapter (60) via the horizontal connection flange, the adjacent connection region including an adjacent horizontal connection flange, wherein the horizontal connection flange (8) of the upper connection region (7) includes a second wall thickness (WT2), the second wall thickness (WT2) being less than the first wall thickness (WT1) of the central region (2) of the concrete segment (1).

4. The concrete segment (1) as described in any of the preceding claims, wherein the first wall thickness (WT1) at the lower part (32) of the central region (2) is greater than 100% and less than 200% of the first wall thickness (WT1) at the upper part (31) of the central region (2), preferably greater than 125% and less than 175% of the first wall thickness (WT1) at the upper part (31) of the central region (2), more preferably greater than 140% and less than 160% of the first wall thickness (WT1) at the upper part (31) of the central region (2).

5. The concrete segment (1) as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the first wall thickness (WT1) decreases uniformly or non-uniformly from the lower (31) to the upper (32) of the central region (2) of the concrete segment (1).

6. The concrete segment (1) as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the inner surface (3) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1), and the outer surface (4) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1'), wherein the first taper (C1) of the inner surface (3) is at least partially greater than the first taper (C1') of the outer surface (4).

7. The concrete segment (1) of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inner surface (3) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1), and the outer surface (4) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1'), wherein the first taper (C1) of the inner surface (3) is at least partially smaller than the first taper (C1') of the outer surface (4).

8. The concrete segment (1) of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inner surface (3) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1), and the outer surface (4) of the central region (2) includes at least one first taper (C1'), wherein the first taper (C1) of the inner surface (3) is at least partially equal to the first taper (C1') of the outer surface (4).

9. The concrete segment (1) of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the inner surface (3) of the central region (2) comprises at least one second taper (C2) and / or the outer surface (4) of the central region (2) comprises at least one second taper (C2'), wherein the second taper (C2) of the inner surface (3) and / or the second taper (C2') of the outer surface (4) are at least partially equal to, less than or greater than the second taper (C2') of the outer surface (4) and / or the second taper (C2) of the inner surface (3), or at least partially equal to, less than or greater than the first taper (C1') of the outer surface (4) and / or the first taper (C1) of the inner surface (3).

10. A concrete segment (1) as claimed in any of the preceding claims, the concrete segment (1) comprising an upper end (12) and a lower end (11), wherein the thickness decreases at least partially from the lower end (11) to the upper end (12), and wherein the at least one connecting region (7) is located at the upper end (12) and / or the lower end (11) of the segment (1).

11. The concrete segment (1) as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the first wall thickness (WT1) decreases from the lower (31) to the upper (32) of the central region (2) of the concrete segment (1).

12. A tower segment (20) comprising at least two concrete segments (1) as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A tower (30) comprising at least two tower segments (20) as described in claim 12.

14. The tower (30) of claim 13, the tower (30) comprising at least two adjacent tower segments (20) as an upper tower segment and a lower tower segment, and a substantially horizontal joint (25) disposed between the two adjacent tower segments (20), wherein the first wall thickness (WT1) of the at least two concrete segments (1) of the lower tower segment is greater than the first wall thickness (WT1) of the at least two concrete segments (1) of the upper tower segment.

15. A wind turbine (40) comprising a tower (30) as described in claim 13 or 14.

16. A mold (100) configured for casting concrete segments as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the mold (100) comprises at least a base (101), a reverse mold (102), and two sides (103). The base (101) mentioned above includes: A central surface (104) comprising an outer diameter (D), a first end (111), and a second end (112); and At least one connecting surface (105) is configured to be adjacent to a side edge (103); And the anti-mode (102) therein comprises: A central surface (106) comprising an inner diameter (d), and a first end (111') and a second end (112') respectively opposite to the first end (111) and the second end (112) of the central surface (104) of the base (102); and At least one connecting surface (107) is configured to be adjacent to one of the side edges (103); The difference between the outer diameter (D) of the center surface (104) of the base (101) and the inner diameter (d) of the center surface (106) of the mold (102) decreases from the first end (111, 111') to the second end (112, 112').

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