A high-yield planting method of silage corn in gobi oasis

Abstract

The application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology and discloses a high-yield planting method for silage corn in a gobi oasis, which comprises the following steps: shallow plowing the surface layer of a gobi oasis plot and separating fine soil and gravel; forming a concave planting ditch according to a silage corn planting row, mixing fine soil and rotten organic material, backfilling the mixed fine soil and rotten organic material into the concave planting ditch to form a seedling protection soil layer; backspreading the gravel to the lateral wide-row area of the concave planting ditch to form a gravel pressure covering belt; arranging a drip irrigation belt in the concave planting ditch or near the concave planting ditch and sowing the silage corn; concentrating a wet area in the seedling protection soil layer during a seedling stage, and expanding the wet area to the wide-row area below the gravel pressure covering belt after a jointing stage; supplying water and fertilizer during a big bell mouth stage to a tasseling stage, and harvesting when a silage harvesting state is reached. The application can make the water supply position of a sowing layer and the position of salt migration in the later period correspond in different zones, and is suitable for silage corn planting in a gobi oasis plot.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a high-yield planting method for silage corn in Gobi oases. Background Technology

[0002] Silage corn is an important crop for livestock feed in arid and semi-arid regions. When planted on the edge of Gobi oases, it usually relies on drip irrigation and wide-narrow row planting to ensure seedling emergence and mid-to-late stage growth. The surface layer of such plots is often mixed with gravel, the fine soil layer has poor continuity, and spring winds are strong with high evaporation, making the distribution of moisture and salt in the seed layer easily affected by surface conditions.

[0003] Current silage maize cultivation methods mainly employ land preparation, fertilization, drip irrigation, dense planting, and timely harvesting. In maize cultivation in saline-alkali or oasis irrigation areas, drip irrigation ditches, shallow-buried drip irrigation, mulching, or fertigation are also commonly used to improve water supply and reduce the impact of surface salt return. These methods can meet the irrigation and fertilization needs of general plots, but they are mostly based on a uniform surface or ordinary furrows.

[0004] In areas on the edge of Gobi oases, if planting is done directly in ordinary flat beds or single drip irrigation furrows, gravel will affect the uniformity of sowing and covering soil, and the thin fine soil layer will make it difficult to maintain a stable moist zone during the seedling stage. As evaporation increases, salts tend to accumulate back to the sowing layer and near the young roots. When increasing density to pursue silage biomass, seedling gaps and water-salt competition in the root zone during the middle and late stages will overlap, leading to a decrease in the uniformity of silage corn seedlings and the overall growth stability of the plant. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for silage maize in Gobi oases, thereby solving the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A high-yield cultivation method for silage maize in Gobi oases includes the following steps: S1: Shallow tillage is performed on the topsoil of the Gobi oasis plot, and the fine soil and gravel in the topsoil are separated. S2: Following the planting row arrangement of silage corn, a sunken planting ditch is formed on the Gobi oasis plot, with the bottom of the sunken planting ditch lower than the surface of the adjacent wide row. S3: After mixing the separated fine soil with decomposed organic materials, backfill the soil into the sunken planting trench to form a seedling protection soil layer for silage corn sowing and young root growth; S4: The separated gravel is backfilled in the wide row area outside the sunken planting trench to form a gravel covering strip. The gravel covering strip and the seedling protection soil layer are arranged in horizontal sections. S5: Install drip irrigation tape in or near the sunken planting furrow, and sow silage corn in the sunken planting furrow. S6: During the seedling stage of silage corn, drip irrigation is carried out through drip irrigation tape so that the moist area formed by drip irrigation is concentrated in the seedling soil layer; S7: After the jointing stage of silage corn, increase the infiltration range of a single drip irrigation, so that the moist area formed by drip irrigation can be extended from the seedling soil layer to the wide row area below the gravel cover strip, and the soluble salts in the seedling soil layer can be migrated to the wide row area with the drip irrigation water. S8: During the tasseling stage of silage corn, water and fertilizer are supplied to the sunken planting furrows through drip irrigation belts, and the silage corn is harvested when it reaches the silage harvesting state.

[0007] Preferably, the topsoil layer is the soil layer 0 to 20 cm below the surface. After shallow plowing, the topsoil layer is screened to separate soil particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm into fine soil, stones with a diameter of 5 to 30 mm into gravel, and stones with a diameter of more than 30 mm out of the silage corn planting row area.

[0008] Preferably, a sunken planting ditch is set up for each row of silage corn, and the sunken planting ditch is set up continuously along the planting direction of silage corn. The width of the sunken planting ditch is 20 to 35 cm, and the bottom of the ditch is 4 to 8 cm lower than the ground surface of the adjacent row.

[0009] Preferably, the thickness of the seedling protection soil layer is 8 to 15 cm. The seedling protection soil layer is formed by mixing fine soil, well-rotted livestock and poultry manure compost and crushed straw. The amount of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure compost applied is 800 to 1500 kg per mu, and the amount of crushed straw applied is 100 to 200 kg per mu.

[0010] Preferably, the gravel mulch strip is continuously laid back along the length of the sunken planting furrow, the horizontal distance between the inner edge of the gravel mulch strip and the center line of the silage corn planting is 10 to 20 cm, the laying width of the gravel mulch strip is 20 to 40 cm, and the laying thickness of the gravel mulch strip is 2 to 5 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the drip irrigation tape includes a main drip irrigation tape and an auxiliary drip irrigation tape. The main drip irrigation tape is laid in the sunken planting furrow, and the auxiliary drip irrigation tape is laid on the side of the gravel covering tape near the sunken planting furrow. The horizontal distance between the main drip irrigation tape and the center line of the silage corn planting is 5 to 12 cm, and the horizontal distance between the auxiliary drip irrigation tape and the center line of the silage corn planting is 20 to 35 cm.

[0012] Preferably, silage corn is sown in a wide-narrow row arrangement, with one row of silage corn sown in each sunken planting furrow. The row spacing for narrow rows is 35 to 40 cm, and the row spacing for wide rows is 70 to 80 cm. The sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm, and the seedling density is 6,000 to 7,200 plants per mu.

[0013] Preferably, from sowing to the three-leaf stage, drip irrigation is carried out only through the main drip irrigation belt, with a single drip irrigation volume of 6 to 10 cubic meters per acre, and the interval between two adjacent drip irrigations is 3 to 5 days.

[0014] Preferably, after the silage corn enters the jointing stage, drip irrigation is carried out through the main drip irrigation belt and the auxiliary drip irrigation belt. The single drip irrigation volume is 12 to 18 cubic meters per mu, and the interval between two adjacent drip irrigations is 5 to 7 days.

[0015] Preferably, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer and water-soluble potassium fertilizer are applied through drip irrigation from the tasseling stage to the tasseling stage of silage corn. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 8 to 14 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) based on pure nitrogen, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied is 5 to 10 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) based on potassium oxide. The silage harvesting state is when the milk line of the grain reaches 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 and the dry matter content of the whole plant is 30% to 35%.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the following main beneficial effects: This application involves shallow tilling and sieving of the topsoil layer in Gobi oasis plots. Fine soil is then backfilled into sunken planting furrows to form a seedling-protecting soil layer. The sieved gravel is then spread across the wide-row areas outside the planting furrows to form a gravel mulching strip. This achieves the effect of horizontally dividing the silage corn planting layer and the wide-row mulching area. Compared to ordinary flatbed planting or single drip irrigation furrow cultivation, this method provides a relatively continuous fine soil environment in the planting layer, avoiding the impact of large-diameter stones on planting depth and soil uniformity. Simultaneously, the gravel mulching strip reduces the exposure of fine soil in the wide-row areas, transforming gravel that would otherwise affect planting in the Gobi oasis plots into wide-row mulching material. This provides a stable field foundation for subsequent water retention during the seedling stage and water and salt migration after the jointing stage.

[0017] This application utilizes a main drip irrigation tape laid within a sunken planting furrow, and an auxiliary drip irrigation tape laid on the side of the gravel-covered strip closest to the furrow. From sowing until the three-leaf stage, only the main drip irrigation tape is used for small-scale drip irrigation, concentrating the moistened area within the seedling protection soil layer. This method maintains a relatively stable moisture level in the sowing and root layers during the seedling stage, reducing the problem of insufficient water supply to the sowing layer caused by premature water diffusion into the wide-row area. It also avoids the large-area wetting of wide rows and increased surface evaporation caused by flood irrigation, ensuring that the water supply location for silage corn seedlings corresponds to the location of the seedling protection soil layer.

[0018] This application utilizes both main and auxiliary drip irrigation tapes for drip irrigation after silage maize enters the jointing stage, and increases the infiltration range of each drip irrigation, achieving the effect of extending the moistened area from the seedling protection soil layer to the wide row area below the gravel mulch. Because the seedling protection soil layer and the gravel mulch are arranged in horizontal sections, soluble salts can migrate with the drip irrigation water from the planting furrow to the wide row area, reducing the risk of salt concentration near the planting centerline. Simultaneously, water and fertilizer are supplied through drip irrigation tapes from the large trumpet stage to the tasseling stage, ensuring that the water and fertilizer supply to the root zone in the middle and late stages of silage maize meets the needs of the plant population, thus adapting to the planting requirements of high-density seedling establishment and whole-plant silage harvesting in Gobi oases. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 refer to Figure 1 A high-yield cultivation method for silage maize in Gobi oases includes the following steps: S1: Shallow tillage is performed on the topsoil of the Gobi oasis plot, and the fine soil and gravel in the topsoil are separated. S2: Following the planting row arrangement of silage corn, a sunken planting ditch is formed on the Gobi oasis plot, with the bottom of the sunken planting ditch lower than the surface of the adjacent wide row. S3: After mixing the separated fine soil with decomposed organic materials, backfill the soil into the sunken planting trench to form a seedling protection soil layer for silage corn sowing and young root growth; S4: The separated gravel is backfilled in the wide row area outside the sunken planting trench to form a gravel covering strip. The gravel covering strip and the seedling protection soil layer are arranged in horizontal sections. S5: Install drip irrigation tape in or near the sunken planting furrow, and sow silage corn in the sunken planting furrow. S6: During the seedling stage of silage corn, drip irrigation is carried out through drip irrigation tape so that the moist area formed by drip irrigation is concentrated in the seedling soil layer; S7: After the jointing stage of silage corn, increase the infiltration range of a single drip irrigation, so that the moist area formed by drip irrigation can be extended from the seedling soil layer to the wide row area below the gravel cover strip, and the soluble salts in the seedling soil layer can be migrated to the wide row area with the drip irrigation water. S8: During the tasseling stage of silage corn, water and fertilizer are supplied to the sunken planting furrows through drip irrigation belts, and the silage corn is harvested when it reaches the silage harvesting state.

[0022] This application applies to oasis edge plots in the Gobi Desert with drip irrigation capabilities. These plots typically suffer from surface gravel, poor continuity of the fine soil layer, high spring wind speeds, rapid moisture loss from the seed layer, and localized salt accumulation on the surface due to water evaporation. If ordinary flat-ridge drip irrigation or single drip furrow cultivation is used directly, the drip irrigation water tends to spread along locally loose areas, resulting in unstable moisture levels in the seed layer. This can lead to uneven emergence and gaps in the rows during the silage corn seedling stage. Furthermore, increasing seedling density on top of unstable seedling survival during the early stages will further exacerbate water and fertilizer competition and salt stress in the root zone during the later stages.

[0023] The planting method of this application involves forming a sunken planting trench at the location of the silage corn planting row, creating a seedling-protecting soil layer within the trench, and forming a gravel mulch strip outside the trench in a wide row area. The water supply methods of the main drip irrigation belt and the auxiliary drip irrigation belt are controlled at different growth stages. During the seedling stage, the main drip irrigation belt concentrates the moist area within the seedling-protecting soil layer; after the jointing stage, both the main and auxiliary drip irrigation belts work together to extend the moist area from the seedling-protecting soil layer to the wide row area below the gravel mulch strip. This horizontally separates the water supply location of the seedling layer during the silage corn seedling stage and the location of salt migration after the jointing stage.

[0024] Select a Gobi oasis plot with a drip irrigation water source, suitable for shallow tillage, sieving, sowing, and drip irrigation tape laying. Before sowing, remove large stones and perennial weeds from the plot surface that may affect sowing and drip irrigation tape laying. Shallowly till the topsoil layer (0-20cm below the surface). After tilling, sieve the turned-up soil, classifying soil particles smaller than 5mm as fine soil, stones with a diameter of 5-30mm as gravel, and removing stones larger than 30mm from the silage corn planting row area.

[0025] The topsoil layer, ranging from 0 to 20 cm, covers the silage corn planting layer, the young root layer, and the soil area where salt tends to accumulate during the seedling stage. This layer is matched to the operating depth of conventional shallow tillage, rotary tillage, and screening equipment. Soil particles smaller than 5 mm are used as fine soil to ensure a continuous seed cover layer within the sunken planting furrows. Stones with a diameter of 5 to 30 mm are used as gravel to create a continuous gravel cover strip in the wide row areas. Stones larger than 30 mm are removed from the silage corn planting row area to prevent them from affecting the planting depth, cover thickness, and drip irrigation tape placement.

[0026] After screening, sunken planting furrows are formed on the Gobi oasis plots according to the direction of the silage corn planting rows. One sunken planting furrow is set up for each silage corn planting row, and the furrows are continuously set along the planting direction of the silage corn. The width of the sunken planting furrows is 20 to 35 cm, and the bottom of the furrow is 4 to 8 cm lower than the surface of the adjacent wide row.

[0027] The width of the sunken planting furrow is 20 to 35 cm, determined based on the space required for single-row silage corn planting, drip irrigation tape installation, and fine soil backfilling. When the furrow width is less than 20 cm, it is difficult for fine soil and well-rotted organic matter to form a continuous seedling-protecting soil layer; when the furrow width is greater than 35 cm, the exposed area of ​​the planting furrow increases, leading to increased surface evaporation during the seedling stage. The furrow bottom is 4 to 8 cm lower than the surface of the adjacent wide row to ensure that drip irrigation water is preferentially concentrated within the seedling-protecting soil layer. When the furrow bottom is less than 4 cm lower than the surface of the adjacent wide row, the concentrated effect of the sunken planting furrow on the drip irrigation moistening area is weakened; when the furrow bottom is more than 8 cm lower than the surface of the adjacent wide row, it easily increases the risk of uneven soil covering, water accumulation within the furrow, and difficulty in mechanical operations.

[0028] After the sunken planting trench is formed, the separated fine soil is mixed with well-rotted organic material and backfilled into the trench to form a seedling protection soil layer for silage corn sowing and young root growth. The well-rotted organic material is well-rotted livestock and poultry manure compost, and the seedling protection soil layer also includes crushed straw. Specifically, the thickness of the seedling protection soil layer is 8 to 15 cm, and it is formed by mixing fine soil, well-rotted livestock and poultry manure compost, and crushed straw. The amount of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure compost applied is 800 to 1500 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), and the amount of crushed straw applied is 100 to 200 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares).

[0029] The thickness of the seedling protection soil layer, ranging from 8 to 15 cm, is determined based on the sowing depth of silage corn (3 to 5 cm), the initial extension range of young roots, and the thickness of the backfill in the sunken planting trench. A thickness less than 8 cm results in insufficient continuity of fine soil between the sowing and root layers; a thickness greater than 15 cm increases the backfill volume and weakens the height difference between the planting trench and the adjacent wide row surface. 800 to 1500 kg of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure per acre and 100 to 200 kg of crushed straw per acre are used to improve the fine soil structure and water retention of the seedling protection soil layer without disrupting the shape of the sunken planting trench. The well-rotted livestock and poultry manure compost should be fully decomposed and free of uncomposted clumps that could affect seedling emergence; the crushed straw should be chopped into short segments that are easy to mix into the fine soil and should not form concentrated piles within the sowing layer.

[0030] After the seedling protection soil layer is formed, the separated gravel is back-laid in the wide row area outside the sunken planting furrow, forming a gravel mulch strip. The gravel mulch strip is continuously laid back along the length of the sunken planting furrow. The horizontal distance between the inner edge of the gravel mulch strip and the center line of the silage corn planting is 10 to 20 cm. The width of the gravel mulch strip is 20 to 40 cm, and the thickness is 2 to 5 cm. The gravel mulch strip does not cover the silage corn planting holes or the silage corn emergence point.

[0031] The inner edge of the gravel mulch strip should be 10 to 20 cm horizontally distanced from the center line of the silage corn planting. This is to preserve space for planting holes, the covering soil layer, and seedling emergence, while ensuring the gravel mulch strip is located inside the wide rows that can be extended into the moist area after the jointing stage. The width of the gravel mulch strip is 20 to 40 cm to create a continuous mulch area in the wide rows; the thickness of the gravel mulch strip is 2 to 5 cm, determined based on mulch continuity and field management feasibility. A thickness less than 2 cm can easily lead to discontinuity in the gravel mulch layer; a thickness greater than 5 cm increases the difficulty of cultivation, drip irrigation tape maintenance, and harvesting machinery passage.

[0032] Subsequently, drip irrigation tape is laid in or near the sunken planting furrow. The drip irrigation tape includes a main drip irrigation tape and an auxiliary drip irrigation tape. The main drip irrigation tape is laid in the sunken planting furrow, and the auxiliary drip irrigation tape is laid on the side of the gravel mulch tape closest to the sunken planting furrow. The horizontal distance between the main drip irrigation tape and the center line of the silage corn planting is 5 to 12 cm, and the horizontal distance between the auxiliary drip irrigation tape and the center line of the silage corn planting is 20 to 35 cm.

[0033] The horizontal distance between the main drip irrigation tape and the center line of the silage corn planting is 5 to 12 cm. This is to ensure that drip irrigation water reaches the seedling protection soil layer and covers the sown layer from sowing to the three-leaf stage. The horizontal distance between the auxiliary drip irrigation tape and the center line of the silage corn planting is 20 to 35 cm. This is to form a horizontally connected moist area with the main drip irrigation tape after the jointing stage, allowing the moist area to extend from the seedling protection soil layer to the wide row area below the gravel mulch. The main and auxiliary drip irrigation tapes can be connected to different branch pipes on the same main drip irrigation pipe. Control valves are installed on different branch pipes to control the opening and closing of the main and auxiliary drip irrigation tapes according to the growth stage of the silage corn.

[0034] When sowing silage corn, select silage corn varieties suitable for the local effective accumulated temperature and frost-free period. Silage corn should be sown using a wide-narrow row arrangement, with one row of silage corn sown in each of the aforementioned sunken planting furrows. The narrow row spacing should be 35 to 40 cm, and the wide row spacing 70 to 80 cm. The sowing depth should be 3 to 5 cm, and the seedling density should be 6000 to 7200 plants per acre.

[0035] The sowing depth of 3 to 5 cm is determined based on the required soil cover thickness for silage corn seedling emergence and the characteristics of moisture loss during the seedling stage in Gobi oasis plots. When the sowing depth is less than 3 cm, the sowing layer is easily affected by surface moisture loss; when the sowing depth is greater than 5 cm, low temperature conditions and soil cover resistance will affect the uniformity of seedling emergence. The seedling density of 6,000 to 7,200 plants per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) is determined based on the population structure requirements for whole-plant silage corn harvest and is used in conjunction with the seedling protection soil layer, wide and narrow row arrangement, main drip irrigation tape, and auxiliary drip irrigation tape mentioned in this application. This density range is not simply about increasing planting density, but rather about setting it in conjunction with the planting structure of low-lying seedling protection in planting furrows and the expansion of the wide row moist area.

[0036] From sowing to the three-leaf stage, drip irrigation is carried out solely through the main drip irrigation belt, with a single drip irrigation volume of 6 to 10 cubic meters per acre, and an interval of 3 to 5 days between adjacent drip irrigations. After the main drip irrigation belt is turned on during this stage, the drip irrigation water first enters the seedling soil layer within the sunken planting furrow, concentrating the moist area formed by drip irrigation within this seedling soil layer. The auxiliary drip irrigation belt is not turned on during this stage to prevent water from prematurely entering the wide row area and reducing the continuity of moisture in the sown layer. The drip irrigation volume and interval from sowing to the three-leaf stage are determined based on the shallow root system, low water requirement, and the need to maintain continuous moisture in the sown layer during the seedling stage.

[0037] After the silage corn enters the jointing stage, drip irrigation is carried out using both the main drip irrigation belt and the auxiliary drip irrigation belt. The single drip irrigation volume is 12 to 18 cubic meters per acre, and the interval between two consecutive drip irrigations is 5 to 7 days. At this time, the main drip irrigation belt continues to supply water into the sunken planting furrow, while the auxiliary drip irrigation belt supplies water to the gravel mulch strip near the sunken planting furrow. This allows the moistened area formed by drip irrigation to expand from the seedling protection soil layer to the wide row area below the gravel mulch strip, and also allows soluble salts in the seedling protection soil layer to migrate to the wide row area with the drip irrigation water. The drip irrigation volume and interval after the jointing stage are determined based on the requirements of root expansion, increased plant water demand, and the need for the moistened area to expand outwards into the wide row area.

[0038] In actual field management, soil samples can be taken from the 0-20cm soil layer under the seedling protection soil layer and from the 0-20cm soil layer below the gravel covering strip. Soil conductivity meters are used to measure the soil conductivity to verify the spatial distribution of water and salt. Sampling can be performed before and after drip irrigation. This soil conductivity measurement is used to verify the outward expansion of the moist area and the direction of salt migration; it is not a necessary step in the method of this application and does not change the technical content of the claims regarding the phased drip irrigation using main and auxiliary drip irrigation tapes to achieve regional water and salt regulation.

[0039] After the silage corn enters the tasseling stage, water and fertilizer are supplied to the sunken planting furrows through the drip irrigation tape. Specifically, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer and water-soluble potassium fertilizer are applied through the main drip irrigation tape and auxiliary drip irrigation tape, with the nitrogen fertilizer applied at a rate of 8 to 14 kg per acre (calculated as pure nitrogen) and the potassium fertilizer applied at a rate of 5 to 10 kg per acre (calculated as potassium oxide). During fertilization, clean water is first dripped through the drip irrigation tape to form a stable water flow in the main drip irrigation pipe, branch pipes, main drip irrigation tape, and auxiliary drip irrigation tape; then, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer and water-soluble potassium fertilizer are applied with the water through a fertilizer tank or integrated water and fertilizer application device; after fertilization, clean water continues to drip to allow the residual fertilizer solution in the drip irrigation tape to enter the soil.

[0040] The above-mentioned nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application amounts are measured based on pure nutrient content, which facilitates conversion by those skilled in the art based on the specific fertilizer type. For example, when using urea as the nitrogen fertilizer source, the actual urea dosage can be calculated based on the nitrogen content indicated on the fertilizer packaging; when using potassium sulfate or other water-soluble potassium fertilizers as the potassium fertilizer source, the actual potassium fertilizer dosage can be calculated based on the potassium oxide content indicated on the fertilizer packaging. The above conversions are conventional fertilization measurement methods in this field and do not affect the technical logic of water and fertilizer entering the sunken planting trench and the wide-row extended moist area via drip irrigation in this application.

[0041] After the silage corn reaches the milk stage, reduce the frequency of drip irrigation to prevent premature wilting and avoid excessive moisture in the field before harvest. Harvest the silage corn when it reaches the silage harvest state. The silage harvest state is determined by the position of the milk line in the kernels and the total dry matter content of the plant. The silage harvest state is defined as the kernel milk line reaching 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 and the total dry matter content of the plant being 30% to 35%.

[0042] The location of the milk line in the kernels is determined by observing it after peeling open the ear of fruit. The total dry matter content of the plant is determined by sampling the whole plant, weighing the fresh weight, drying it, and weighing the dry weight. The total dry matter content of the plant is calculated using the following formula: ; In the formula, This indicates the dry matter content of the whole plant, expressed in % %. This indicates the dry weight of the sampled plants after drying, in grams. This indicates the fresh weight of the same sample of plants before drying, in grams.

[0043] When the milk line of the kernels reaches 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 and the dry matter content of the whole plant is 30% to 35%, the silage corn is considered to have reached the silage harvesting state described in this application. This method of judgment provides an observable and measurable basis for determining the silage harvesting point.

[0044] Example 2 This embodiment illustrates the method of implementing this application in a Gobi oasis edge plot with high surface salinity.

[0045] Before sowing, soil electrical conductivity was tested in the 0-20cm soil layer. During the test, sampling points representative of the average condition of the plot were selected, and soil samples from the 0-20cm layer were collected and their electrical conductivity measured. This test is used to understand the pre-sowing salinity of the plot and is not a step that must be defined in the claims.

[0046] When pre-sowing testing shows high surface salinity, shallow tilling, sieving, and construction of sunken planting trenches are still carried out according to the method in Example 1. Before backfilling the seedling protection soil layer, the sieved fine soil is thoroughly mixed with well-rotted livestock and poultry manure compost and crushed straw, and larger dry and hard soil clods are broken up before being backfilled into the sunken planting trenches. After backfilling, the seedling protection soil layer is lightly compacted and leveled to form a continuous sowing layer, but not compacted to the point of affecting seed germination.

[0047] In this embodiment, the gravel mulch strip is preferentially laid on the side of the wide row area near the sunken planting furrow, and the horizontal distance between the inner edge of the gravel mulch strip and the center line of the silage corn planting is maintained at 10 to 20 cm. With this arrangement, from sowing to the three-leaf stage, the moist area formed by the main drip irrigation strip is concentratedly covered with the seedling protection soil layer; after the jointing stage, the main drip irrigation strip and the auxiliary drip irrigation strip work together to irrigate, and the moist area formed by the auxiliary drip irrigation strip connects with the moist area formed by the main drip irrigation strip, so that the moist area extends from the seedling protection soil layer to the wide row area below the gravel mulch strip.

[0048] In areas with high salinity, instead of treating the seed layer with a single large-scale irrigation, or directly covering the seed holes with gravel, a zoned arrangement of sunken planting furrows, seedling protection soil layers, gravel covering strips, main drip irrigation strips, and auxiliary drip irrigation strips is used to control the location of moist areas at different growth stages. This treatment allows water supply to be concentrated in the seedling protection soil layer during the seedling stage, and then expanded to the wider row area after the jointing stage, thus creating a lateral distance between the salt migration location and the sowing centerline.

[0049] Example 3 This embodiment illustrates the method of implementing this application in a Gobi oasis edge plot with low gravel content.

[0050] When the amount of gravel with a particle size of 5 to 30 mm screened from the topsoil is insufficient to cover the entire wide-row area, the gravel should be laid first on the inner side of the wide row near the sunken planting furrow, forming a continuous gravel mulch strip along the direction of silage corn planting. The width of the gravel mulch strip should still be controlled at 20 to 40 cm, and the thickness at 2 to 5 cm. If the screened gravel is insufficient to achieve the maximum mulch width, the gravel mulch strip should first be ensured to be continuous along the length of the sunken planting furrow, and then the specific mulch width should be determined within the range of 20 to 40 cm.

[0051] In this embodiment, the main drip irrigation tape, auxiliary drip irrigation tape, silage corn sowing method, seedling drip irrigation method, drip irrigation method after jointing stage, water and fertilizer supply method from the large trumpet stage to the tasseling stage, and silage harvesting status are all performed according to Embodiment 1. That is to say, the difference in the amount of gravel does not change the core implementation logic of this application. This application still forms a seedling protection soil layer through sunken planting trenches, forms a wide row mulching area through gravel mulching tape, and provides centralized water supply through the main drip irrigation tape during the seedling stage and joint water supply through the main drip irrigation tape and auxiliary drip irrigation tape after the jointing stage, so that the moist area expands from the seedling protection soil layer to the wide row area.

[0052] The key to this application lies in the redistribution of fine soil and gravel in the Gobi oasis plots to different functional areas. Fine soil, well-rotted livestock and poultry manure compost, and crushed straw are backfilled into the sunken planting trenches to form a seedling protection soil layer for sowing and young root growth; gravel is backfilled onto the wide row area outside the sunken planting trenches to form a gravel mulch strip. The seedling protection soil layer and the gravel mulch strip are arranged in lateral zones, corresponding to the water supply and seedling protection area during the silage maize seedling stage and the expansion of the moist area and salt migration area after the jointing stage.

[0053] During the seedling stage of silage corn, the main drip irrigation tape supplies water separately, concentrating the moistened area within the seedling protection soil layer to prevent premature diffusion of water into the wider row area. At this stage, the silage corn root system is still shallow, and the continuous moisture in the seedling protection soil layer directly affects seedling emergence and root extension. After entering the jointing stage, the silage corn root system expands, and the plant's water requirement increases. The main drip irrigation tape and auxiliary drip irrigation tape supply water together, causing the moistened area to expand from the seedling protection soil layer into the wider row area below the gravel mulch. Because the gravel mulch is located outside the sunken planting furrow, soluble salts migrate with the drip irrigation water and move more towards the wider row area, rather than concentrating near the silage corn planting center line.

[0054] Compared to conventional drip irrigation methods for maize cultivation in oasis irrigation areas, this application goes beyond simply setting up drip irrigation tapes and wide / narrow rows. Instead, it creates lateral water and salt zones through sunken planting furrows and gravel-covered strips, and alters the location of humidified areas by periodically opening and closing the main and auxiliary drip irrigation tapes. Compared to shallow-buried aerated drip irrigation in saline-alkali land, this application does not rely on aeration equipment to improve the root zone environment. Instead, it utilizes the gravel resources of the Gobi oasis plot itself and the micro-topography of the planting furrows to spatially separate the seedling water supply area from the salt migration area after the jointing stage. Therefore, the steps in this application have a continuous operational and water-salt regulation relationship, rather than being a simple parallel process of land preparation, drip irrigation, fertilization, and harvesting.

[0055] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for silage maize in Gobi oases, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Shallow tillage is performed on the topsoil of the Gobi oasis plot, and the fine soil and gravel in the topsoil are separated. S2: Following the planting row arrangement of silage corn, a sunken planting ditch is formed on the Gobi oasis plot, with the bottom of the sunken planting ditch lower than the surface of the adjacent wide row. S3: After mixing the separated fine soil with decomposed organic materials, backfill the soil into the sunken planting trench to form a seedling protection soil layer for silage corn sowing and young root growth; S4: The separated gravel is backfilled in the wide row area outside the sunken planting trench to form a gravel covering strip. The gravel covering strip and the seedling protection soil layer are arranged in horizontal sections. S5: Install drip irrigation tape in or near the sunken planting furrow, and sow silage corn in the sunken planting furrow. S6: During the seedling stage of silage corn, drip irrigation is carried out through drip irrigation tape so that the moist area formed by drip irrigation is concentrated in the seedling soil layer; S7: After the jointing stage of silage corn, increase the infiltration range of a single drip irrigation, so that the moist area formed by drip irrigation can be extended from the seedling soil layer to the wide row area below the gravel cover strip, and the soluble salts in the seedling soil layer can be migrated to the wide row area with the drip irrigation water. S8: During the tasseling stage of silage corn, water and fertilizer are supplied to the sunken planting furrows through drip irrigation belts, and the silage corn is harvested when it reaches the silage harvesting state.

2. The method for high-yield cultivation of silage maize in Gobi oases according to claim 1, characterized in that, The topsoil layer is the soil layer 0 to 20 cm below the surface. After shallow plowing, the topsoil layer is screened to separate soil particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm into fine soil, stones with a diameter of 5 to 30 mm into gravel, and stones with a diameter of more than 30 mm out of the silage corn planting row area.

3. The method for high-yield cultivation of silage maize in Gobi oases according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each row of silage corn is planted with a corresponding sunken planting ditch. The sunken planting ditch is set continuously along the planting direction of the silage corn. The width of the sunken planting ditch is 20 to 35 cm, and the bottom of the ditch is 4 to 8 cm lower than the ground surface of the adjacent row.

4. A high-yield planting method for silage maize in Gobi oases according to claim 3, characterized in that, The thickness of the seedling protection soil layer is 8 to 15 cm. The seedling protection soil layer is formed by a mixture of fine soil, well-rotted livestock and poultry manure compost and crushed straw. The amount of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure compost applied is 800 to 1500 kg per mu, and the amount of crushed straw applied is 100 to 200 kg per mu.

5. A high-yield planting method for silage maize in Gobi oases according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gravel mulch strip is continuously laid back along the length of the sunken planting furrow. The horizontal distance between the inner edge of the gravel mulch strip and the center line of the silage corn planting is 10 to 20 cm. The width of the gravel mulch strip is 20 to 40 cm, and the thickness of the gravel mulch strip is 2 to 5 cm.

6. A high-yield planting method for silage maize in Gobi oases according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drip irrigation tape includes a main drip irrigation tape and an auxiliary drip irrigation tape. The main drip irrigation tape is laid in the sunken planting furrow, and the auxiliary drip irrigation tape is laid on the side of the gravel covering tape near the sunken planting furrow. The horizontal distance between the main drip irrigation tape and the center line of silage corn planting is 5 to 12 cm, and the horizontal distance between the auxiliary drip irrigation tape and the center line of silage corn planting is 20 to 35 cm.

7. A high-yield planting method for silage maize in Gobi oases according to claim 6, characterized in that, Silage corn is sown using a wide-narrow row arrangement. One row of silage corn is sown in each sunken planting furrow. The row spacing for narrow rows is 35 to 40 cm, and the row spacing for wide rows is 70 to 80 cm. The sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm, and the seedling density is 6,000 to 7,200 plants per mu.

8. A method for high-yield cultivation of silage maize in Gobi oases according to claim 7, characterized in that, From sowing to the three-leaf stage, drip irrigation is carried out only through the main drip irrigation belt, with a single drip irrigation volume of 6 to 10 cubic meters per acre, and the interval between two adjacent drip irrigations is 3 to 5 days.

9. A high-yield planting method for silage maize in Gobi oases according to claim 8, characterized in that, After the silage corn enters the jointing stage, drip irrigation is carried out through the main drip irrigation belt and the auxiliary drip irrigation belt. The amount of drip irrigation per acre is 12 to 18 cubic meters, and the interval between two consecutive drip irrigations is 5 to 7 days.

10. A high-yield planting method for silage maize in Gobi oases according to claim 9, characterized in that, During the tasseling stage of silage corn, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer and water-soluble potassium fertilizer are applied through drip irrigation. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 8 to 14 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) based on pure nitrogen, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied is 5 to 10 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) based on potassium oxide. The silage harvesting state is when the milk line of the grain reaches 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 and the dry matter content of the whole plant is 30% to 35%.

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