Reflection angle gather generation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium
By introducing a time dimension delay and combining it with a velocity model in reverse time migration imaging, the problem of high computational cost and low efficiency in existing technologies is solved, and more efficient generation of reflection angle gathers is achieved, thus improving the imaging accuracy of complex interfaces.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA NAT PETROLEUM CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for generating reflection angle gathers are computationally intensive, inefficient, and require frequent Fourier transforms and multiple data conversions, leading to complex implementation.
By performing reverse time migration imaging on seismic record data, an imaging time dimension delay is introduced. This delay is then converted into a pseudo-depth dimension delay using a velocity model and calculated in the wavenumber domain to determine the reflection angle gather, thus avoiding frequent transformations between the wavenumber and spatial domains.
It reduces computational complexity, improves computational efficiency, simplifies the implementation process, and improves the imaging accuracy of reflection angle gathers, especially when imaging complex interfaces.
Smart Images
Figure CN122260461A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of oil and gas exploration technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for generating reflection angle gathers. Background Technology
[0002] In seismic data processing for oil and gas exploration, reverse time migration (RTM) is widely used in seismic imaging. However, conventional common imaging point gathers generated by RTM have certain limitations in velocity and depth domain analysis due to the migration aliasing caused by multipath phenomena.
[0003] To address the limitations of conventional common imaging point gathers, angle-domain common imaging point gathers have been introduced. By analyzing the angle of the reflected wave during imaging, multipath propagation can be effectively avoided. Reflection angle gathers, combining reflection angle information, can be better used for velocity and depth domain analysis, improving imaging accuracy and reliability. Methods for generating reflection angle gathers based on inverse time migration have attracted widespread attention.
[0004] Existing methods for generating reflection angle gathers mainly include: local plane wave decomposition, frequency wavenumber domain wavefield angle decomposition, and extended imaging conditions. These methods generally have the following problems: they require frequent Fourier transforms and large-scale data processing, resulting in high computational cost and low efficiency; they also require multiple conversions between the wavenumber domain and the spatial domain, making implementation complex. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This invention provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for generating reflection angle gathers, which can reduce computational load, improve computational efficiency, and simplify the implementation process.
[0006] In a first aspect, the reflection angle gather generation method provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes:
[0007] Reverse time migration imaging was performed on seismic record data, and a time delay was introduced during the imaging process to generate time-delayed gathers of common imaging points;
[0008] The imaging time dimension delay is converted into a pseudo depth dimension delay using a velocity model;
[0009] Transform the depth dimension data of the time-delayed gather to the wavenumber domain to obtain the first wavenumber domain value, and transform the pseudo-depth dimension delay to the wavenumber domain to obtain the second wavenumber domain value.
[0010] The reflection angle gather for each imaging point is determined based on the first wavenumber domain value and the second wavenumber domain value.
[0011] Optionally, the seismic record data includes shot point record data p sRecorded data p of the detector points r Reverse-time migration imaging is performed on seismic record data, and an imaging time delay is introduced during the imaging process to generate time-delayed gathers of common imaging points, including:
[0012]
[0013] in, Indicates the location of the underground space, and τ represents the imaging time delay. This represents the time-delayed gather, where 's' represents the shot index. The source point is represented by its spatial location, t by its seismic wave propagation time, and r by its receiver index. This indicates the spatial location of the detector point.
[0014] Optionally, the imaging time dimension delay is transformed into a pseudo depth dimension delay using a velocity model, including:
[0015]
[0016] Where ε represents the pseudo-depth dimension delay, τ represents the imaging time dimension delay, and v(x) represents the velocity model.
[0017] Optionally, the reflection angle gather for each imaging point is determined based on the first wavenumber domain value and the second wavenumber domain value, including:
[0018]
[0019] θ represents the reflection angle of the imaging point. Represents the first wave number field value. This represents the second wavenumber field value.
[0020] Optionally, it also includes:
[0021] The reflection angle gather is subjected to amplitude preservation processing according to the following formula:
[0022]
[0023] in, This represents the reflection angle gather in the wavenumber domain after amplitude preservation, where C represents a constant scaling factor. A pseudo-depth domain trace set representing the wavenumber domain;
[0024] The reflection angle gather in the wavenumber domain after amplitude preservation Transform to the spatial domain to obtain the spatial domain reflection angle gather.
[0025] Optionally, it also includes:
[0026] The energy from all angles of the reflection angle channel at each imaging point is superimposed to construct the reflection angle channel integrated imaging profile.
[0027] Optionally, before summing the energies of all angles in the reflection angle focus at each imaging point, the method further includes:
[0028] The angles that exceed the preset angle are removed from the reflection angle of each imaging point.
[0029] Secondly, the reflection angle gather generation apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes:
[0030] The generation module is used to perform reverse time migration imaging on seismic record data and introduce an imaging time dimension delay during the imaging process to generate time-delayed gathers of common imaging points.
[0031] The depth conversion module is used to convert the imaging time dimension delay into a pseudo depth dimension delay using a velocity model.
[0032] The wavenumber domain conversion module is used to transform the depth dimension data of the time-delayed gather to the wavenumber domain to obtain the first wavenumber domain value, and to transform the pseudo-depth dimension delay to the wavenumber domain to obtain the second wavenumber domain value.
[0033] The determination module is used to determine the reflection angle gather for each imaging point based on the first wavenumber domain value and the second wavenumber domain value.
[0034] Thirdly, the electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the reflection angle gather generation method as described in any embodiment of the present invention.
[0035] Fourthly, the computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present invention stores a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the reflection angle gather generation method as described in any embodiment of the present invention.
[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the seismic record data is first subjected to reverse time migration imaging, and an imaging time delay dimension is introduced during the imaging process to generate a common imaging point time delay gather. The imaging time delay is converted into a pseudo-depth delay using a velocity model. The depth data of the time delay gather is transformed to the wavenumber domain to obtain a first wavenumber domain value, and the pseudo-depth delay is transformed to the wavenumber domain to obtain a second wavenumber domain value. Finally, the reflection angle gather for each imaging point is determined based on the first and second wavenumber domain values. In other words, this embodiment of the invention generates a common imaging point time delay gather by introducing an imaging time delay dimension into reverse time migration imaging, then combines the imaging point velocity and time delay to convert it into a corresponding pseudo-depth, and finally calculates the angle of each reflection point using the angle gather conversion formula to form a reflection angle gather. Compared to conventional common imaging point gathers, angle gathers offer higher imaging accuracy for complex interfaces. Throughout the entire process of generating the reflection angle gather, the common imaging point time delay gather and velocity model are combined to transform into a pseudo-depth delay dimension. This avoids the problem of having both wavenumber and spatial terms when obtaining the angle gather. It also eliminates the need to perform many Fourier transforms between the wavenumber and spatial dimensions at different velocities, reducing computational complexity, improving computational efficiency, and simplifying the implementation process. Attached Figure Description
[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the reflection angle gather generation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0039] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of a single-shot offset profile provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0040] Figure 3 This is an example diagram of a time delay gather formed by single-shot offset provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0041] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of the multi-shot offset profile stacking result provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0042] Figure 5 This is an example diagram of a time delay gather formed by multi-shot offset stacking provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0043] Figure 6 This is an example diagram of the time delay gather transformation to the pseudo-depth domain provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0044] Figure 7 This is an example diagram of a reflection angle gather provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0045] Figure 8 This is an example diagram of a cross-section of a superimposed reflection angle gather provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0046] Figure 9 This is an example diagram of a cross-section superimposed after corner gather removal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0047] Figure 10 This is an example diagram of offset overlay single-track comparison provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0048] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a reflection angle gather generation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0049] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0050] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0051] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.
[0052] Figure 1This is a schematic flowchart of a reflection angle gather generation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The reflection angle gather generation method provided in this embodiment is applicable to scenarios involving seismic data processing in the oil and gas exploration field. This reflection angle gather generation method can be executed by a reflection angle gather generation device provided in this embodiment, which can be implemented using software and / or hardware. In a specific embodiment, the device can be integrated into an electronic device, which can be a computer. The following embodiment illustrates the integration of the reflection angle gather generation device into an electronic device as an example. (See reference...) Figure 1 The reflection angle gather generation method in this embodiment may include the following steps:
[0053] Step 101: Perform reverse time migration imaging on the seismic record data and introduce an imaging time dimension delay during the imaging process to generate time-delayed gathers of common imaging points.
[0054] Seismic record data is the data recorded when seismic waves generated at shot points on the ground reach different locations underground at different times during their propagation. It includes record data from shot points and record data from geophone points, and there can be multiple shot points and geophone points.
[0055] Reverse-time migration imaging (RTM) can include a forward propagation wavefield and a backward propagation wavefield. The forward propagation wavefield originates from the shot point and simulates the propagation of seismic waves underground according to a velocity model, recording the time t at which the seismic wave reaches its underground location. The backward propagation wavefield originates from the receiver point and propagates the seismic wave backward according to the recorded seismic data. An additional time delay dimension is introduced into the imaging process to represent the effect of seismic wave propagation under different time delay conditions. By calculating the interaction between the forward and backward propagation wavefields at each imaging point under different time delay dimensions, an imaging result with a time delay dimension is formed. The time-delay gather for common imaging points is a function of the imaging point location and the time delay.
[0056] Specifically, the time-delay gathers of common imaging points can be generated as follows:
[0057]
[0058] Where, p s p represents the recorded data of the shot point. r This represents the recorded data of the detector point. Indicates the location of the underground space, and τ represents the imaging time delay. This represents the time-delayed gather, where 's' represents the shot index. The source point is represented by its spatial location, t by its seismic wave propagation time, and r by its receiver index. This indicates the spatial location of the detector point.
[0059] By using reverse time migration imaging and introducing an imaging time delay dimension, common imaging point time delay gathers can be generated. These gathers contain information on the location and time delay of the imaging points. By analyzing and processing these gathers, they can be more accurately converted into angular domain reflection angle gathers in subsequent steps, effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of seismic imaging.
[0060] Step 102: Use the velocity model to convert the imaging time dimension delay into a pseudo depth dimension delay.
[0061] The velocity model describes the propagation speed of seismic waves at different locations underground, and the speed can vary with depth (or location). The pseudo-depth dimension delay is achieved by mapping the time delay to a depth-related dimension, i.e., the pseudo-depth dimension. The process of converting the imaging time dimension delay into a pseudo-depth dimension delay using the velocity model can be described as follows:
[0062]
[0063] Where ε represents the pseudo-depth dimension delay, τ represents the imaging time dimension delay, and v(x) represents the velocity model.
[0064] By using a velocity model to convert the imaging time dimension delay into a pseudo-depth dimension delay, the influence of spatially related velocity variables in the process of converting to reflection angle can be removed.
[0065] Step 103: Transform the depth dimension data of the time-delayed gather to the wavenumber domain to obtain the first wavenumber domain value, and transform the pseudo-depth dimension delay to the wavenumber domain to obtain the second wavenumber domain value.
[0066] A time-delay gather is a data volume that includes both spatial and temporal dimensions. Spatial dimensions include horizontal and vertical positions, with the vertical position representing the depth dimension. The wavenumber domain is a domain that uses Fourier transform to convert spatial (depth) data to the frequency domain, expressed in wavenumbers.
[0067] Step 104: Determine the reflection angle gather for each imaging point based on the first wavenumber domain value and the second wavenumber domain value.
[0068] The first wavenumber domain value is a wavenumber domain representation obtained by performing a Fourier transform on the depth dimension data, and the second wavenumber domain value is a wavenumber domain representation obtained by performing a Fourier transform on the pseudo-depth dimension data.
[0069] Specifically, the reflection angle of each imaging point can be determined as follows:
[0070]
[0071] Where θ represents the reflection angle of the imaging point. Represents the first wave number field value. This represents the second wavenumber domain value. Performing an inverse cosine transform on the cosine value yields the true angle value, thus obtaining the reflection angle gather for each imaging point.
[0072] Furthermore, according to Formula 3, each reflection angle is related to the wave number k and However, directly applying the above method to obtain the reflection angle gather cannot preserve the energy. Therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, the integral of the angle within a small range can be obtained by integration as the cosine value of a certain angle, that is, satisfying Formula 4. This ensures that the energy of the entire common imaging point time delay gather is completely converted to the corresponding angle gather, thereby ensuring that the energy remains unchanged and achieving amplitude preservation.
[0073]
[0074] in, This represents the reflection angle gather in the wavenumber domain after amplitude preservation, where C represents a constant scaling factor. A pseudo-depth domain trace set representing the wavenumber domain;
[0075] The reflection angle gather in the wavenumber domain after amplitude preservation Transform to the spatial domain to obtain the spatial domain reflection angle gather.
[0076] The energy from all angles in the reflection angle convergence at each imaging point can be superimposed to construct a reflection angle convergence imaging profile. If there are strong low-frequency components in the imaging profile, the energy at large angles can be removed first, and then superimposed, which can effectively remove low-frequency noise introduced during the imaging process. That is, angles exceeding a preset angle can be removed from the reflection angle convergence at each imaging point, and the energy from all angles in the removed reflection angle convergence can be superimposed to construct a reflection angle convergence imaging profile.
[0077] The following illustrations further illustrate the reflection angle gather generation method of this invention:
[0078] 1) Input single-shot seismic records The velocity model is used to perform reverse time migration imaging on seismic data to obtain... Figure 2 The single-shot migration profile is obtained by introducing a time delay τ during the migration imaging process to obtain the time delay gather of the single-shot migration. The time delay gather formed by the single-shot migration can be obtained as follows: Figure 3 As shown.
[0079] 2) Input multi-shot seismic records The single-shot migration imaging in step 1) is performed on both the velocity model and the multi-shot migration profile. Then, the migration results of all shot sets are superimposed to obtain a multi-shot migration profile. The multi-shot migration profile superposition result can be shown as follows: Figure 4As shown. Similarly, by superimposing the time delay gathers of each single shot, a time delay gather at the same position is obtained. The time delay gather formed by superimposing multiple shot offsets can be as follows. Figure 5 As shown.
[0080] 3) Input the time-delay gather and the velocity model. According to Formula 2, the time-dimension delay can be converted into a pseudo-depth delay dimension ε, thus obtaining the gather in the pseudo-depth domain. The transformation of the time-delay gather to the pseudo-depth domain can be as follows: Figure 6 As shown.
[0081] 4) Perform a two-dimensional Fourier transform on the gathers obtained in step 3 to transform both the pseudo-depth dimension and the depth dimension of the underground imaging points into the wavenumber domain.
[0082] 5) According to the angle gather conversion formula 3, the cosine value of the reflection angle of each underground imaging point and the pseudo depth can be obtained in the two-dimensional wavenumber domain. Then, while keeping the formula 4, the cosine value of each angle is calculated by integration.
[0083] 6) Perform a one-dimensional (longitudinal) inverse Fourier transform on the result of step 5) to obtain the reflection angle gathers for each imaging point at each depth, such as... Figure 7 As shown.
[0084] 7) By superimposing all the obtained angle traces, the reflection angle trace imaging result can be obtained, such as... Figure 8 As shown.
[0085] 8) From Figure 8 Obvious low-frequency noise can be seen on the superimposed profile, especially on the first reflective interface. This is mainly due to artifacts formed during the offset imaging process, which will create obvious low-frequency noise on the imaging profile.
[0086] 9) To attenuate the low-frequency noise mentioned in step 8), large angles can be removed from the angle gather obtained in step 7), especially the energy that has already shown stretching distortion. Then, the gathers are re-stacking to form a new angle gather stacking profile, such as... Figure 9 As shown, comparison Figure 8 The superposition results show that low-frequency noise is effectively attenuated in the new angular channel integrated imaging results.
[0087] 10) Extract single-trace data from the angle gather stacking profile and the offset stacking profile. The waveforms and errors of both are displayed as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the errors between the two methods are relatively small, which also proves the amplitude preservation advantage of the method of the present invention.
[0088] In this embodiment of the invention, the seismic record data is first subjected to reverse time migration imaging, and an imaging time delay dimension is introduced during the imaging process to generate a common imaging point time delay gather. The imaging time delay is converted into a pseudo-depth delay using a velocity model. The depth data of the time delay gather is transformed to the wavenumber domain to obtain a first wavenumber domain value, and the pseudo-depth delay is transformed to the wavenumber domain to obtain a second wavenumber domain value. Finally, the reflection angle gather for each imaging point is determined based on the first and second wavenumber domain values. In other words, this embodiment of the invention generates a common imaging point time delay gather by introducing an imaging time delay dimension into reverse time migration imaging, then combines the imaging point velocity and time delay to convert it into a corresponding pseudo-depth, and finally calculates the angle of each reflection point using the angle gather conversion formula to form a reflection angle gather. Compared to conventional common imaging point gathers, angle gathers offer higher imaging accuracy for complex interfaces. Throughout the entire process of generating the reflection angle gather, the common imaging point time delay gather and velocity model are combined to transform into a pseudo-depth delay dimension. This avoids the problem of having both wavenumber and spatial terms when obtaining the angle gather. It also eliminates the need to perform many Fourier transforms between the wavenumber and spatial dimensions at different velocities, reducing computational complexity, improving computational efficiency, and simplifying the implementation process.
[0089] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a reflection angle gather generation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the device may include:
[0090] The generation module 401 is used to perform reverse time migration imaging on seismic record data and introduce imaging time dimension delay during the imaging process to generate time delay gathers of common imaging points.
[0091] The depth conversion module 402 is used to convert the imaging time dimension delay into a pseudo depth dimension delay using a velocity model.
[0092] The wavenumber domain conversion module 403 is used to transform the depth dimension data of the time-delayed gather to the wavenumber domain to obtain the first wavenumber domain value, and to transform the pseudo-depth dimension delay to the wavenumber domain to obtain the second wavenumber domain value.
[0093] The determination module 404 is used to determine the reflection angle gather for each imaging point based on the first wavenumber domain value and the second wavenumber domain value.
[0094] In one embodiment, the seismic recording data includes shot point recording data p s Recorded data p of the detector points r The generation module 401 performs reverse time migration imaging on the seismic record data and introduces an imaging time dimension delay during the imaging process to generate time-delayed gathers of common imaging points, including:
[0095]
[0096] in, Indicates the location of the underground space, and τ represents the imaging time delay. This represents the time-delayed gather, where 's' represents the shot index. The source point is represented by its spatial location, t by its seismic wave propagation time, and r by its receiver index. This indicates the spatial location of the detector point.
[0097] In one embodiment, the depth conversion module 402 uses a velocity model to convert the imaging time dimension delay into a pseudo depth dimension delay, including:
[0098]
[0099] Where ε represents the pseudo-depth dimension delay, τ represents the imaging time dimension delay, and v(x) represents the velocity model.
[0100] In one embodiment, the determining module 404 determines the reflection angle gather for each imaging point based on the first wavenumber domain value and the second wavenumber domain value, including:
[0101]
[0102] θ represents the reflection angle of the imaging point. Represents the first wave number field value. This represents the second wavenumber field value.
[0103] In one embodiment, the system further includes a amplitude preservation module, which is used to:
[0104] The reflection angle gather is subjected to amplitude preservation processing according to the following formula:
[0105]
[0106] in, This represents the reflection angle gather in the wavenumber domain after amplitude preservation, where C represents a constant scaling factor. A pseudo-depth domain trace set representing the wavenumber domain;
[0107] The reflection angle gather in the wavenumber domain after amplitude preservation Transform to the spatial domain to obtain the spatial domain reflection angle gather.
[0108] In one embodiment, a construction module is further included, the construction module being used for:
[0109] The energy from all angles of the reflection angle channel at each imaging point is superimposed to construct the reflection angle channel integrated imaging profile.
[0110] In one embodiment, before superimposing the energy from all angles in the reflection angle convergence of each imaging point, the construction module is further configured to:
[0111] The angles that exceed the preset angle are removed from the reflection angle of each imaging point.
[0112] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The specific working process of the functional modules described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
[0113] The apparatus of this invention first performs reverse-time migration imaging on seismic record data, and introduces an imaging time delay dimension during the imaging process to generate a common imaging point time delay gather. Using a velocity model, the imaging time delay is converted into a pseudo-depth delay. The depth data of the time delay gather is transformed to the wavenumber domain to obtain a first wavenumber domain value, and the pseudo-depth delay is transformed to the wavenumber domain to obtain a second wavenumber domain value. Finally, the reflection angle gather for each imaging point is determined based on the first and second wavenumber domain values. In other words, this invention generates a common imaging point time delay gather by introducing an imaging time delay into reverse-time migration imaging, then combines the imaging point velocity and time delay to convert it into a corresponding pseudo-depth, and finally calculates the angle of each reflection point using the angle gather conversion formula to form a reflection angle gather. Compared to conventional common imaging point gathers, angle gathers offer higher imaging accuracy for complex interfaces. Throughout the entire process of generating the reflection angle gather, the common imaging point time delay gather and velocity model are combined to transform into a pseudo-depth delay dimension. This avoids the problem of having both wavenumber and spatial terms when obtaining the angle gather. It also eliminates the need to perform many Fourier transforms between the wavenumber and spatial dimensions at different velocities, reducing computational complexity, improving computational efficiency, and simplifying the implementation process.
[0114] This invention also provides an electronic device, which may be a ship's controller, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the reflection angle gather generation method provided in any of the above embodiments.
[0115] This invention also provides a computer-readable medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the reflection angle gather generation method provided in any of the above embodiments.
[0116] The following is for reference. Figure 12 It shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer system 500 suitable for implementing an electronic device according to embodiments of the present invention. Figure 12The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.
[0117] like Figure 12 As shown, the computer system 500 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 501, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on programs stored in read-only memory (ROM) 502 or programs loaded from storage section 508 into random access memory (RAM) 503. The RAM 503 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the computer system 500. The CPU 501, ROM 502, and RAM 503 are interconnected via a bus 504. An input / output (I / O) interface 505 is also connected to the bus 504.
[0118] The following components are connected to I / O interface 505: an input section 506 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section 507 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and speakers, etc.; a storage section 508 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 509 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, modem, etc. The communication section 509 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 510 is also connected to I / O interface 505 as needed. A removable medium 511, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., is installed on drive 510 as needed so that computer programs read from it can be installed into storage section 508 as needed.
[0119] In particular, according to the embodiments disclosed in this invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments disclosed in this invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 509, and / or installed from removable medium 511. When the computer program is executed by central processing unit (CPU) 501, it performs the functions defined above in the system of this invention.
[0120] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium shown in this invention can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination thereof. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example,—but not limited to—an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this invention, a computer-readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media can also be any computer-readable medium other than computer-readable storage media, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.
[0121] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram or flowchart, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.
[0122] The modules and / or units described in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in software or hardware. The described modules and / or units can also be housed in a processor; for example, a processor can be described as including a generation module, a depth conversion module, a wavenumber domain conversion module, and a determination module. The names of these modules do not necessarily constitute a limitation on the module itself.
[0123] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the device described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the device. The computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed by the device, cause the device to include:
[0124] Reverse time migration imaging was performed on seismic record data, and a time delay was introduced during the imaging process to generate time-delayed gathers of common imaging points;
[0125] The imaging time dimension delay is converted into a pseudo depth dimension delay using a velocity model;
[0126] Transform the depth dimension data of the time-delayed gather to the wavenumber domain to obtain the first wavenumber domain value, and transform the pseudo-depth dimension delay to the wavenumber domain to obtain the second wavenumber domain value.
[0127] The reflection angle gather for each imaging point is determined based on the first wavenumber domain value and the second wavenumber domain value.
[0128] The technical solution of this embodiment first performs reverse time migration imaging on the seismic record data, and introduces an imaging time delay dimension during the imaging process to generate a common imaging point time delay gather. Using a velocity model, the imaging time delay is converted into a pseudo-depth delay. The depth dimension data of the time delay gather is transformed to the wavenumber domain to obtain a first wavenumber domain value, and the pseudo-depth delay is transformed to the wavenumber domain to obtain a second wavenumber domain value. Finally, the reflection angle gather for each imaging point is determined based on the first and second wavenumber domain values. In other words, this embodiment of the invention generates a common imaging point time delay gather by introducing an imaging time delay dimension into reverse time migration imaging, then combines the imaging point velocity and time delay to convert it into a corresponding pseudo-depth, and finally calculates the angle of each reflection point using the angle gather conversion formula to form a reflection angle gather. Compared to conventional common imaging point gathers, angle gathers offer higher imaging accuracy for complex interfaces. Throughout the entire process of generating the reflection angle gather, the common imaging point time delay gather and velocity model are combined to transform into a pseudo-depth delay dimension. This avoids the problem of having both wavenumber and spatial terms when obtaining the angle gather. It also eliminates the need to perform many Fourier transforms between the wavenumber and spatial dimensions at different velocities, reducing computational complexity, improving computational efficiency, and simplifying the implementation process.
[0129] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.
[0130] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A method for generating reflection angle gathers, characterized in that, include: Reverse time migration imaging was performed on seismic record data, and a time delay was introduced during the imaging process to generate time-delayed gathers of common imaging points; The imaging time dimension delay is converted into a pseudo depth dimension delay using a velocity model; Transform the depth dimension data of the time-delayed gather to the wavenumber domain to obtain the first wavenumber domain value, and transform the pseudo-depth dimension delay to the wavenumber domain to obtain the second wavenumber domain value. The reflection angle gather for each imaging point is determined based on the first wavenumber domain value and the second wavenumber domain value.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Seismic record data includes shot point record data p s Recorded data p of the detector points r Reverse-time migration imaging is performed on seismic record data, and an imaging time delay is introduced during the imaging process to generate time-delayed gathers of common imaging points, including: in, Indicates the location of the underground space, and τ represents the imaging time delay. This represents the time-delayed gather, where 's' represents the shot index. The source point is represented by its spatial location, t by its seismic wave propagation time, and r by its receiver index. This indicates the spatial location of the detector point.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The imaging time dimension delay is transformed into a pseudo depth dimension delay using a velocity model, including: Where ε represents the pseudo-depth dimension delay, τ represents the imaging time dimension delay, and v(x) represents the velocity model.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reflection angle gather for each imaging point is determined based on the first wavenumber domain value and the second wavenumber domain value, including: θ represents the reflection angle of the imaging point. Represents the first wave number field value. This represents the second wavenumber field value.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: The reflection angle gather is subjected to amplitude preservation processing according to the following formula: in, This represents the reflection angle gather in the wavenumber domain after amplitude preservation, where C represents a constant scaling factor. A pseudo-depth domain trace set representing the wavenumber domain; The reflection angle gather in the wavenumber domain after amplitude preservation Transform to the spatial domain to obtain the spatial domain reflection angle gather.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The energy from all angles of the reflection angle channel at each imaging point is superimposed to construct the reflection angle channel integrated imaging profile.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before summing the energy of all angles in the reflection angle focus at each imaging point, the following is also included: The angles that exceed the preset angle are removed from the reflection angle of each imaging point.
8. A reflection angle gather generation device, characterized in that, include: The generation module is used to perform reverse time migration imaging on seismic record data and introduce an imaging time dimension delay during the imaging process to generate time-delayed gathers of common imaging points. The depth conversion module is used to convert the imaging time dimension delay into a pseudo depth dimension delay using a velocity model. The wavenumber domain conversion module is used to transform the depth dimension data of the time-delayed gather to the wavenumber domain to obtain the first wavenumber domain value, and to transform the pseudo-depth dimension delay to the wavenumber domain to obtain the second wavenumber domain value. The determination module is used to determine the reflection angle gather for each imaging point based on the first wavenumber domain value and the second wavenumber domain value.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the reflection angle gather generation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the reflection angle gather generation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.