Communication system

Abstract

A communication system includes a base station corresponding to a fifth generation wireless access system and a communication terminal connected to the base station, and performs a sensing process using a sensing beam between a transmitting base station that is a base station that transmits a sensing resource and a receiving communication terminal that is a communication terminal that receives the sensing resource. The communication terminal that performs a sensing beam management process measures a set of sensing resources constituted by one or a plurality of sensing resources corresponding to candidates of the sensing beam, and transmits a measurement result to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station decides the sensing beam based on the measurement result, and notifies the receiving communication terminal of the decided sensing beam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication technology. Background Technology

[0002] Within the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), the standardization organization for mobile communication systems, fifth-generation (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "5G") radio access systems were discussed as a successor to Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A), one of the fourth-generation radio access systems (see Non-Patent Document 1) (e.g., Non-Patent Document 2). The technology for the 5G radio band is called "New Radio Access Technology" ("New Radio" is abbreviated as "NR"). NR systems are discussed based on LTE and LTE-A systems.

[0003] For example, in Europe, the organization METIS is summarizing the requirements for 5G (see Non-Patent Document 3). In 5G wireless access systems, for LTE systems, assuming a system capacity 1000 times greater, data transmission speed 100 times greater, data processing latency 1 / 5th, and simultaneous connection capacity of communication terminals 100 times greater, further reductions in power consumption and device cost can be listed as requirements (see Non-Patent Document 3).

[0004] To meet these requirements, discussions on 5G standards are ongoing within 3GPP (see Non-Patent Literature 4-23).

[0005] As an access method for NR, the downlink direction uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), while the uplink direction uses OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM). Furthermore, similar to LTE and LTE-A, the 5G system does not include line switching; it uses only packet communication.

[0006] In NR, higher frequencies can be used compared to LTE to increase transmission speed and reduce processing latency.

[0007] In NR, which sometimes uses frequencies higher than LTE, a narrower beam-shaped transmit / receive range is formed (beamforming) and the direction of the beam is changed (beam scanning) so that the capability map can ensure cell coverage.

[0008] use Figure 1 To explain the decisions regarding the frame structure of the NR system in 3GPP as described in Non-Patent Document 1 (Chapter 5). Figure 1 This is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of the wireless frame used in an NR communication system. Figure 1 In NR, a radio frame is 10 ms long. The radio frame is divided into 10 equal-sized subframes. The NR frame structure supports one or more numberologies, i.e., one or more subcarrier spacings (SCS). In NR, a subframe is 1 ms long, and a time slot consists of 14 symbols, regardless of the subcarrier spacing. Furthermore, the number of time slots in a subframe is one when the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz; the number of time slots in other subcarrier spacings increases proportionally to the subcarrier spacing (see Non-Patent Document 11 (3GPP TS38.211)).

[0009] Non-Patent Document 2 (Chapter 5) and Non-Patent Document 11 record decisions made in 3GPP related to channel structure in NR systems.

[0010] The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) is a channel used for downlink transmission from a base station (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a "base station") to a mobile terminal device (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a "communication terminal" or "terminal"). The PBCH is transmitted together with the downlink synchronization signal.

[0011] In NR, the downlink synchronization signal consists of a primary synchronization signal (P-SS) and a secondary synchronization signal (S-SS). The synchronization signal is transmitted from the base station as a synchronization signal burst (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an SS burst) at a specified period for a specified duration. An SS burst consists of synchronization signal blocks (hereinafter sometimes referred to as SS blocks) for each beam of the base station.

[0012] During the duration of an SS burst, the base station changes its beam to transmit SS blocks for each beam. An SS block consists of P-SS, S-SS, and PBCH.

[0013] The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) is the downlink transmission channel from the base station to the communication terminal. The PDCCH transmits Downlink Control Information (DCI). The DCI includes resource allocation information for the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH), one of the transmission channels described later; resource allocation information for the Paging Channel (PCH), another transmission channel described later; and HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) information related to the DL-SCH. Additionally, the DCI sometimes includes Uplink Scheduling Grant. The DCI sometimes includes response signals for uplink transmissions, namely Ack (Acknowledgement) / Nack (Negative Acknowledgement). Furthermore, to allow for flexible DL / UL handover within time slots, the DCI sometimes includes Slot Format Indication (SFI). PDCCH or DCI is also known as the L1 / L2 control signal.

[0014] In NR, there are time-domain and frequency-domain regions that can serve as candidates for containing PDCCH. This region is called the Control Resource Set (CORESET). The communication terminal monitors the CORESET to acquire the PDCCH.

[0015] The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) is the downlink transmission channel from the base station to the communication terminal. The PDSCH maps to both the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) used as the transport channel and the PCH used as the transport channel.

[0016] The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) is the uplink transmission channel from the communication terminal to the base station. PUCCH transmits Uplink Control Information (UCI). UCI includes response signals (Ack / Nack) for downlink transmissions, CSI (Channel State Information), and Scheduling Requests (SRs). CSI is composed of RI (Rank Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), and CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) reports. RI refers to the rank information of the channel matrix in MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). PMI refers to the information of the precoding matrix used in MIMO. CQI is quality information indicating the quality of received data or the quality of the communication line. UCI is sometimes transmitted via PUSCH (described later). PUCCH or UCI is also referred to as L1 / L2 control signals.

[0017] The Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) is the uplink transmission channel from the communication terminal to the base station. The PUSCH maps to the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH), which is one of the transmission channels.

[0018] The Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) is an uplink transmission channel from a communication terminal to a base station. The PRACH transmits the random access preamble.

[0019] Downlink reference signals (RS) are known symbols in NR (Normally Injectable) communication systems. There are four types of downlink reference signals: UE-specific reference signals (DM-RS), phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS), positioning reference signals (PRS), and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS). As physical layer measurements for communication terminals, there are measurements of the received power (RSRP) and received quality (RSRQ) of the reference signals.

[0020] The uplink reference signal is also a known symbol in NR communication systems. Three types of uplink reference signals are defined: Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS), and Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).

[0021] The transport channel described in Non-Patent Document 2 (Chapter 5) will be explained. The broadcast channel (BCH) in the downlink transport channel is broadcast to the entire coverage area of ​​its base station (cell). The BCH is mapped to the physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

[0022] HARQ-based retransmission control is applied to the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH). The DL-SCH can broadcast to the entire coverage area of ​​the base station (cell). The DL-SCH supports dynamic or semi-static resource allocation. Semi-static resource allocation is also known as semi-persistent scheduling. To reduce the power consumption of communication terminals, the DL-SCH supports discontinuous reception (DRX). The DL-SCH is mapped to the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

[0023] The Paging Channel (PCH) supports DRX (Demand Reduction) of communication terminals to reduce power consumption. The PCH is requested to broadcast over the entire coverage area of ​​the base station (cell). The PCH is mapped to physical resources such as the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), which can be dynamically used for traffic.

[0024] HARQ-based retransmission control is applied to the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) in the uplink transport channel. UL-SCH supports dynamic or quasi-static resource allocation. Quasi-static resource allocation is also known as Configured Grant. UL-SCH is mapped to the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

[0025] The Random Access Channel (RACH) is limited to control information. RACH is subject to collision risks. RACH is mapped to the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).

[0026] The following explains HARQ. HARQ is a technique that improves the communication quality of a transmission line by combining Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction. HARQ has the following advantages: even for transmission lines where communication quality changes, retransmission can effectively enable error correction. In particular, during retransmission, the quality can be further improved by combining the initial received result with the retransmitted result.

[0027] Here's an example illustrating the retransmission method. When the receiving side cannot correctly decode the received data—in other words, when a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) error occurs (CRC=NG)—a "Nack" is sent from the receiving side to the sending side. The sending side, upon receiving the "Nack," retransmits the data. When the receiving side can correctly decode the received data—in other words, when no CRC error occurs (CRC=OK)—a "ck" is sent from the receiving side to the sending side. The sending side, upon receiving the "Ack," sends the next data.

[0028] Other examples of retransmission methods are illustrated below. If a CRC error occurs at the receiving end, a retransmission request is sent from the receiving end to the sending end. The retransmission request is made via a switch of the NDI (New Data Indicator). The sending end, upon receiving the retransmission request, retransmits the data. If no CRC error occurs at the receiving end, no retransmission request is sent. If the sending end does not receive a retransmission request within a specified time, it is assumed that no CRC error occurred at the receiving end.

[0029] The logical channel described in Non-Patent Document 1 (Chapter 6) will be explained. The Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) is a downlink channel used to broadcast system control information. The BCCH, as a logical channel, is mapped to either the broadcast channel (BCH) as a transmission channel or the downlink shared channel (DL-SCH).

[0030] The Paging Control Channel (PCCH) is a downlink channel used to transmit paging information and system information updates. The PCCH, as a logical channel, is mapped to the Paging Channel (PCH), which is used as a transport channel.

[0031] The Common Control Channel (CCCH) is a channel used to transmit control information between a communication terminal and a base station. The CCCH is used when there is no RRC connection between the communication terminal and the network. In the downlink direction, the CCCH is mapped to the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) used as a transport channel. In the uplink direction, the CCCH is mapped to the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) used as a transport channel.

[0032] The Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) is a channel used to transmit dedicated control information between a communication terminal and the network in a one-to-one manner. The DCCH is used when there is an RRC connection between the communication terminal and the network. In the uplink, the DCCH is mapped to the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH), and in the downlink, it is mapped to the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH).

[0033] A Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) is a channel used for sending user information and conducting one-to-one communication with the communication terminal. DTCH exists in both the uplink and downlink. In the uplink, DTCH is mapped to the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH), and in the downlink, it is mapped to the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH).

[0034] Location tracking of a communication terminal is performed on a unit consisting of one or more cells. Location tracking is used to locate the communication terminal even in standby mode, enabling calls to the terminal; in other words, it is performed to enable calls to the communication terminal. The area used for location tracking of this communication terminal is called the Tracking Area (TA).

[0035] In NR, calls from communication terminals within a range smaller than the tracking area are supported. This range is called the RAN Notification Area (RNA). Paging of communication terminals in the RRC_INACTIVE state, as described later, occurs within this range.

[0036] In NR, to support wider transmission bandwidths, carrier aggregation (CA) has been studied, which involves combining two or more component carriers (CCs). CA is described in Non-Patent Literature 1.

[0037] In the case of a CA (Communication Terminal), the UE, as a communication terminal, has a unique RRC (Remote Reference Cell) connection with the network (NW). Within the RRC connection, a serving cell provides NAS (Non-Access Stratum) mobility information and security input. This cell is called the Primary Cell (PCell). Depending on the UE's capabilities, secondary serving cells (SCells) are formed together with the PCell to create a group of serving cells. For a single UE, this constitutes a group of serving cells consisting of one PCell and one or more SCells.

[0038] Furthermore, 3GPP includes dual connectivity (DC), where the UE communicates with two base stations to further increase communication capacity. DC is described in non-patent documents 1 and 22.

[0039] Sometimes, one of the base stations performing dual connectivity (DC) is called the "Master Node (MN)," and the other is called the "Secondary Node (SN)." The serving cells comprised of the Master Nodes are sometimes collectively referred to as the Master Cell Group (MCG), and the serving cells comprised of the Secondary Nodes are sometimes collectively referred to as the Secondary Cell Group (SCG). In DC, the Master Cell in the MCG or SCG is called a Special Cell (SpCell or SPCell). The Special Cell in the MCG is called a PCell, and the Special Cell in the SCG is called the Primary SCG Cell (PSCell).

[0040] In addition, in NR, the base station pre-defines a portion of the carrier frequency band for the UE (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the Bandwidth Part (BWP)). The UE transmits and receives data with the base station in this BWP, thereby reducing the power consumption in the UE.

[0041] Furthermore, 3GPP has explored services (or applications) that support sidelink (SL) communication (also known as PC5 communication) in both the EPS (Evolved Packet System) and 5G core systems (described later) (see Non-Patent Documents 1, 2, 26-28). SL communication involves communication between terminals. Examples of services using SL communication include V2X (Vehicle-to-everything) and proximity services. In SL communication, in addition to direct communication between terminals, communication between the UE and the NW via a relay has also been proposed (see Non-Patent Documents 26, 28).

[0042] The physical channels used for SL (refer to Non-Patent Documents 2, 11) are described below. The Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) transmits information related to system synchronization and is sent from the UE.

[0043] The Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) transmits control information from the UE for sidelink communication and V2X sidelink communication.

[0044] The Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) transmits data from the UE for sidelink communication and V2X sidelink communication.

[0045] The Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) transmits HARQ feedback from the UE that received the PSSCH to the UE that sent the PSSCH.

[0046] The transmission channel used for SL (refer to Non-Patent Document 1) will be described. The sidelink broadcast channel (SL-BCH) has a predetermined transmission format and is mapped to the PSBCH, which is the physical channel.

[0047] The Sidelink Shared Channel (SL-SCH) supports broadcast transmission. SL-SCH supports both UE autonomous resource selection and resource allocation scheduled by the base station. While UE autonomous resource selection carries a risk of conflict, there are no conflicts when the UE allocates dedicated resources through the base station. Furthermore, SL-SCH supports dynamic link adaptation by modifying transmit power, modulation, and coding. SL-SCH is mapped to the Physical Channel Sequential Channel (PSSCH).

[0048] The logical channels used for SL (refer to Non-Patent Document 2) will be described. The Sidelink Broadcast Control Channel (SBCCH) is a sidelink channel used to broadcast sidelink system information from one UE to other UEs. The SBCCH is mapped to the SL-BCH, which serves as the transport channel.

[0049] The Sidelink Traffic Channel (STCH) is a one-to-many traffic channel used to send user information from one UE to other UEs. The STCH is used only by UEs with sidelink communication capabilities and UEs with V2X sidelink communication capabilities. One-to-one communication between two UEs with sidelink communication capabilities is also achieved through the STCH. The STCH is mapped to the SL-SCH, which serves as the transport channel.

[0050] The Sidelink Control Channel (SCCH) is a control channel used to send control information from one UE to other UEs. The SCCH is mapped to the SL-SCH, which serves as the transport channel.

[0051] In LTE, SL communication only involves broadcast. In NR, in addition to broadcast, support for unicast and groupcast has also been studied as part of SL communication (see Non-Patent Document 27 (3GPP TS23.287)).

[0052] In SL's unicast and multicast communications, it supports HARQ feedback (Ack / Nack), CSI reports, and more.

[0053] In addition, 3GPP is studying Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), which uses wireless methods to serve as both access links between UEs and base stations and backhaul links between base stations (see Non-Patent Literature 2, 20, 29).

[0054] For mobile communication systems, some new technologies have been proposed. For example, a technology that integrates sensing (detecting objects using radio waves, etc.) and communication has been proposed (see Non-Patent Literature 30, 31). Existing technical documents Non-patent literature

[0055] Non-patent literature 1: 3GPP TS36.300 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 2: 3GPP TS38.300 V17.5.0 Non-patent literature 3: "Scenarios, requirements and KPIs for 5G mobile and wireless system", ICT-317669-METIS / D1.1 Non-patent literature 4: 3GPP TR23.799 V14.0.0 Non-patent literature 5: 3GPP TR38.801 V14.0.0 Non-patent document 6: 3GPP TR38.802 V14.2.0 Non-patent document 7: 3GPP TR38.804 V14.0.0 Non-patent document 8: 3GPP TR38.912 V16.0.0 Non-Patent Document 9: 3GPP RP-172115 Non-patent literature 10: 3GPP TS23.501 V18.2.2 Non-patent document 11: 3GPP TS38.211 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 12: 3GPP TS38.212 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 13: 3GPP TS38.213 V17.6.0 Non-patent document 14: 3GPP TS38.214 V17.6.0 Non-patent document 15: 3GPP TS38.321 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 16: 3GPP TS38.322 V17.3.0 Non-patent document 17: 3GPP TS38.323 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 18: 3GPP TS37.324 V17.0.0 Non-patent document 19: 3GPP TS38.331 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 20: 3GPP TS38.401 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 21: 3GPP TS38.413 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 22: 3GPP TS37.340 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 23: 3GPP TS38.423 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 24: 3GPP TS38.305 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 25: 3GPP TS23.273 V18.2.0 Non-patent document 26: 3GPP TR23.703 V12.0.0 Non-patent document 27: 3GPP TS23.287 V18.0.0 Non-patent document 28: 3GPP TS23.303 V17.1.0 Non-patent document 29: 3GPP TS38.340 V17.5.0 Non-patent document 30: 3GPP TR22.837 V19.0.0 Non-patent document 31: 3GPP RWS-230250 Non-Patent Document 32: 3GPP SWS-230050 Non-Patent Document 33: 3GPP RWS-230227 Non-patent document 34: 3GPP RWS-230105 Non-patent document 35: 3GPP TS23.502 V18.2.2 Non-patent document 36: 3GPP TR23.700-88 V18.0.0 Summary of the Invention The technical problem that the invention aims to solve

[0056] In mobile communication systems, in addition to communication with the UE, target detection via sensing has been proposed (see Non-Patent Documents 30, 31). Detected targets include, for example, intruders, obstacles, or non-UE targets (targets without UE functionality) such as rivers or the atmosphere. The specific methods required to perform sensing in a mobile communication system to meet the performance requirements of sensing are not disclosed and remain unclear. This leads to the problem that sensing processing cannot be performed in mobile communication systems.

[0057] In view of the above-mentioned problems, one of the purposes of this disclosure is to realize sensing processing in a communication system in addition to communication with the UE. Technical solutions to solve technical problems

[0058] The communication system disclosed herein includes: a base station corresponding to a fifth-generation wireless access system; and a communication terminal connected to the base station, which performs sensing processing using a sensing beam between a transmitting base station (which serves as a transmitting sensing resource) and a receiving communication terminal (which serves as a receiving sensing resource). The communication terminal performing sensing beam management processing measures a set of sensing resources consisting of one or more sensing resources corresponding to candidates of the sensing beam, and sends the measurement results to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station determines the sensing beam based on the measurement results and notifies the receiving communication terminal of the determined sensing beam. Invention Effects

[0059] According to this disclosure, in the communication system, in addition to communication with the UE, sensing processing can also be realized.

[0060] The purpose, features, aspects, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of a radio frame used in an NR communication system. Figure 2 This is a block diagram showing the overall structure of a communication system 210 using the NR method discussed in 3GPP. Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a DC based on a base station connected to the NG core. Figure 4 It is shown Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the mobile terminal 202. Figure 5 It is shown Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of base station 213. Figure 6 This is a block diagram showing the structure of the 5GC section. Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of a communication terminal (UE) in an NR-based communication system from cell search to standby mode. Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a cell in an NR system. Figure 9 This is a connection structure diagram illustrating an example of the connection structure of a terminal in SL communication. Figure 10This is a connection structure diagram illustrating an example of a base station connection structure that supports integrated access and backhaul. Figure 11 This is a conceptual diagram of sensing when the base station acts as the transmitting node for sensing resources and the UE acts as the receiving node for sensing resources. Figure 12 This is a conceptual diagram of sensing when the base station acts as both the transmitting node and receiving node of sensing resources. Figure 13 This is a conceptual diagram of sensing when the UE acts as the transmitting node for sensing resources and the base station acts as the receiving node for sensing resources. Figure 14 This is a conceptual diagram of sensing when the UE acts as the transmitting node for sensing resources and the UE acts as the receiving node for sensing resources. Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating a sequence example of the sensing BM in Embodiment 1. Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a sequence of sensing BMs when the receiving UE has undergone a handover (HO) in Implementation 2. Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating a sequence example of the sensing BM when the sensing target moves in Embodiment 3. Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating another example of the sequence of sensing BMs when the sensing target moves in Embodiment 3. Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating a sequence example of non-3GPP sensing processing in Implementation 4. Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating a sequence example of the sensing processing using UP in Implementation 5. Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating another example of a sequence of sensing processes using UP in Implementation 5. Detailed Implementation

[0062] Implementation method 1. Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating the overall structure of a communication system 210 using the NR method discussed in 3GPP. Figure 2The following explanation is provided. The radio access network is referred to as NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network) 211. The communication terminal device, i.e., the mobile terminal device (hereinafter referred to as "user equipment" UE) 202, can wirelessly communicate with the base station device (hereinafter referred to as "NG-RAN NodeB" gNB) 213, and uses wireless communication to transmit and receive signals. NG-RAN 211 consists of one or more NR base stations 213.

[0063] Here, "communication terminal device" includes not only mobile terminal devices such as mobile phone terminals, but also stationary devices such as sensors. In the following description, "communication terminal device" will sometimes be abbreviated as "communication terminal".

[0064] Between UE202 and NG-RAN 211, the AS (Access Stratum) protocol is terminated. AS protocols include, for example, RRC (Radio Resource Control), SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol), PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol), RLC (Radio Link Control), MAC (Medium Access Control), and PHY (Physical Layer). RRC is used for the control plane (hereinafter sometimes referred to as C-plane, C-Plane, or CP), SDAP is used for the user plane (hereinafter sometimes referred to as U-plane, U-Plane, or UP), and PDCP, MAC, RLC, and PHY are used for both the C-plane and U-plane.

[0065] The Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol between UE202 and NR base station 213 performs broadcasting, paging, and RRC connection management. The states between NR base station 213 and UE202 in RRC include RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED, and RRC_INACTIVE.

[0066] During RRC_IDLE, PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) selection, System Information (SI) broadcasting, paging, cell re-selection, and mobility operations are performed. During RRC_CONNECTED, the mobile terminal has an RRC connection and can send and receive data with the network. Additionally, during RRC_CONNECTED, handover (HO) and neighbor cell determination (measurement) are performed. During RRC_INACTIVE, the connection between the 5G core unit 214 and the NR base station 213 is maintained while simultaneously performing System Information (SI) broadcasting, paging, cell re-selection, and mobility operations.

[0067] The gNB213 connects to the 5G core (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "5GC unit") 214, which includes Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), or User Plane Function (UPF), via the NG interface. Control information and / or user data communication occurs between the gNB213 and the 5GC unit 214. The NG interface is a collective term for the N2 interface between the gNB213 and AMF220, the N3 interface between the gNB213 and UPF221, the N11 interface between AMF220 and SMF222, and the N4 interface between UPF221 and SMF222. One gNB213 can connect to multiple 5GC units 214. The gNBs213 are connected to each other via the Xn interface, enabling communication of control information and / or user data between them.

[0068] The 5GC unit 214 is a host device, specifically a host node, that controls the connection between the NR base station 213 and the mobile terminal (UE) 202, and allocates paging signals for one or more NR base stations (gNB) 213 and / or LTE base stations (E-UTRAN NodeB: eNB). Additionally, the 5GC unit 214 performs mobility control in the idle state. The 5GC unit 214 manages the tracking area list when the mobile terminal 202 is in the idle state, and in the inactive and active states. The 5GC unit 214 initiates the paging protocol by sending paging messages to cells belonging to the registered tracking area of ​​the mobile terminal 202.

[0069] gNB213 can form one or more cells. When one gNB213 forms multiple cells, each cell is configured to communicate with UE202.

[0070] The gNB213 can be divided into a Central Unit (CU) 215 and a Distributed Unit (DU) 216. A CU 215 constitutes one unit within the gNB213. One or more DUs 216 constitute one or more cells within the gNB213. A single DU 216 constitutes one or more cells. The CU 215 connects to the DU 216 via an F1 interface, facilitating communication of control information and / or user data between the CU 215 and DU 216. The F1 interface consists of an F1-C interface and an F1-U interface. The CU 215 handles the functions of various protocols including RRC, SDAP, and PDCP, while the DU 216 handles the functions of various protocols including RLC, MAC, and PHY. One or more Transmission Reception Points (TRPs) 219 are sometimes connected to the DU 216. The TRP 219 transmits and receives radio signals with the UE.

[0071] CU215 can be divided into CU(CU-C)217 for the C-side and CU(CU-U)218 for the U-side. CU-C217 is configured as one unit within CU215. CU-U218 is configured as one or more units within CU215. CU-C217 connects to CU-U218 via an E1 interface, facilitating control information communication between the two units. CU-C217 connects to DU216 via an F1-C interface, facilitating control information communication between the two units. CU-U218 connects to DU216 via an F1-U interface, facilitating user data communication between the two units.

[0072] 5G communication systems may include the Unified Data Management (UDM) function and Policy Control Function (PCF) described in Non-Patent Document 10 (3GPP TS23.501). UDM and / or PCF may be included in... Figure 2 In section 5GC214.

[0073] In a 5G communication system, a Location Management Function (LMF) as described in Non-Patent Document 24 (3GPP TS38.305) can be configured. As disclosed in Non-Patent Document 25 (3GPP TS23.273), the LMF can be connected to the base station via the AMF.

[0074] In 5G communication systems, non-3GPP interworking functions (N3IWF) as described in Non-Patent Document 10 (3GPP TS23.501) may also be included. N3IWF can terminate the access network (AN) between the user and the UE in non-3GPP access.

[0075] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating a structure based on a DC (dual-connection) linked to the NG core. Figure 3 In the diagram, solid lines represent U-Plane connections, and dashed lines represent C-Plane connections. Figure 3 In this configuration, the primary base station 240-1 can be either a gNB or an eNB. Similarly, the secondary base station 240-2 can also be either a gNB or an eNB. For example, in... Figure 3 In some contexts, the DC structure where the primary base station 240-1 is a gNB and the secondary base station 240-2 is an eNB is sometimes referred to as NG-EN-DC. Figure 3The example shown illustrates a U-Plane connection between the 5GC unit 214 and the secondary base station 240-2 via the primary base station 240-1, but it can also be established directly between the 5GC unit 214 and the secondary base station 240-2. Additionally, Figure 3 In this configuration, the core network EPC (Evolved Packet Core) connected to the LTE and LTE-A systems can replace the 5GC unit 214 and connect to the main base station 240-1. The U-Plane connection between the EPC and the secondary base station 240-2 can be directly established.

[0076] Figure 4 It is shown Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the mobile terminal 202. Figure 4 The transmission processing of the mobile terminal 202 shown will be described. First, control data from the control unit 310 and user data from the application unit 302 are sent to the protocol processing unit 301. Buffering of the control data and user data can be performed. This buffering can be set in the control unit 310, the application unit 302, or the protocol processing unit 301. The protocol processing unit 301 performs protocol processing such as SDAP, PDCP, RLC, and MAC, for example, determining the destination base station in DC and assigning headers to various protocols. The protocol-processed data is transmitted to the encoding unit 304 for error correction and other encoding processing. Alternatively, data may be output directly from the protocol processing unit 301 to the modulation unit 305 without encoding processing. The data encoded by the encoding unit 304 is modulated in the modulation unit 305. MIMO precoding may also be performed in the modulation unit 305. After the modulated data is converted into a baseband signal, it is output to the frequency conversion unit 306 and converted into a wireless transmission frequency. Subsequently, the transmitted signal was sent from antennas 307-1 to 307-4 to base station 213. Figure 4 The example shown has four antennas, but the number of antennas is not limited to four.

[0077] Furthermore, the receiving process of the mobile terminal 202 is performed as follows: Wireless signals from the base station 213 are received via antennas 307-1 to 307-4. The received signal is converted from the wireless receiving frequency to a baseband signal by the frequency conversion unit 306, and demodulation processing is performed in the demodulation unit 308. Waiting calculations and multiplication processes can be performed in the demodulation unit 308. The demodulated data is transmitted to the decoding unit 309 for error correction and other decoding processing. The decoded data is transmitted to the protocol processing unit 301, where protocol processing such as MAC, RLC, PDCP, and SDAP is performed, including actions such as header removal in each protocol. Of the data after protocol processing, control data is transmitted to the control unit 310, and user data is transmitted to the application unit 302.

[0078] The series of processes of the mobile terminal 202 are controlled by the control unit 310. Therefore, although in Figure 4 The details have been omitted, but the control unit 310 is also connected to each of the units 302, 304 to 309.

[0079] Each part of the mobile terminal 202, such as the control unit 310, protocol processing unit 301, encoding unit 304, and decoding unit 309, is implemented, for example, by a processing circuit comprising a processor and a memory. For example, the control unit 310 is implemented by the processor executing a program describing a series of processes of the mobile terminal 202. The program describing the series of processes of the mobile terminal 202 is stored in a memory. Examples of memory are non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memories such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), and flash memory. Each part of the mobile terminal 202, such as the control unit 310, protocol processing unit 301, encoding unit 304, and decoding unit 309, can be implemented by dedicated processing circuits such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), and DSP (Digital Signal Processor). Figure 4 In this context, the number of antennas used for transmitting and the number of antennas used for receiving in the mobile terminal 202 may be the same or different.

[0080] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of base station 213. Figure 5 The transmission processing of the base station 213 shown will be described. The EPC communication unit 401 transmits and receives data between the base station 213 and the EPC. The 5GC communication unit 412 transmits and receives data between the base station 213 and the 5GC (5GC unit 214, etc.). The other base station communication units 402 transmit and receive data with other base stations. The EPC communication unit 401, the 5GC communication unit 412, and the other base station communication units 402 exchange information with the protocol processing unit 403. Control data from the control unit 411, and user data and control data from the EPC communication unit 401, the 5GC communication unit 412, and the other base station communication units 402 are sent to the protocol processing unit 403. Buffering of control data and user data can be performed. This buffering can be provided in the control unit 411, the EPC communication unit 401, the 5GC communication unit 412, or the other base station communication units 402.

[0081] The protocol processing unit 403 performs protocol processing for SDAP, PDCP, RLC, MAC, etc., such as routing transmitted data in DC and assigning headers to various protocols. The protocol-processed data is transmitted to the encoding unit 405 for error correction and other encoding processing. Alternatively, data may be output directly from the protocol processing unit 403 to the modulation unit 406 without encoding processing. Furthermore, data can be transmitted from the protocol processing unit 403 to other base station communication units 402. For example, in DC, data transmitted from the 5GC communication unit 412 or the EPC communication unit 401 can be transmitted to other base stations, such as auxiliary base stations, via other base station communication units 402. The encoded data undergoes modulation processing in the modulation unit 406. Precoding for MIMO can also be performed in the modulation unit 406. After the modulated data is converted into a baseband signal, it is output to the frequency conversion unit 407 and converted into a wireless transmission frequency. Then, using antennas 408-1 to 408-4, the transmission signal is transmitted to one or more mobile terminals 202. Figure 5 The example shown has four antennas, but the number of antennas is not limited to four.

[0082] Furthermore, the reception processing of base station 213 is performed as follows: Wireless signals from one or more mobile terminals 202 are received by antennas 408-1 to 408-4. The received signals are converted from the wireless receiving frequency to a baseband signal by frequency conversion unit 407, and demodulated in demodulation unit 409. The demodulated data is transmitted to decoding unit 410 for error correction and other decoding processing. The decoded data is transmitted to protocol processing unit 403, where protocol processing such as MAC, RLC, PDCP, and SDAP is performed, including actions such as header removal in each protocol. Of the data after protocol processing, control data is transmitted to control unit 411, 5GC communication unit 412, EPC communication unit 401, or other base station communication unit 402, and user data is transmitted to 5GC communication unit 412, EPC communication unit 401, or other base station communication unit 402. Data sent from other base station communication units 402 can be transmitted to 5GC communication unit 412 or EPC communication unit 401. This data could be, for example, uplink data transmitted from the DC to the 5GC communication unit 412 or the EPC communication unit 401 via other base stations.

[0083] The series of processes of base station 213 are controlled by control unit 411. Therefore, although in Figure 5 The details have been omitted, but the control unit 411 is also connected to the various units 401, 402, 405 to 410, 412.

[0084] The various parts of base station 213, such as control unit 411, protocol processing unit 403, 5GC communication unit 412, EPC communication unit 401, other base station communication unit 402, encoding unit 405, and decoding unit 410, are implemented similarly to those of mobile terminal 202 by processing circuits comprising a processor and memory, or dedicated processing circuits such as FPGA, ASIC, and DSP. Figure 5 In this system, the number of antennas used for transmitting and the number of antennas used for receiving in base station 213 can be the same or different.

[0085] As Figure 2 The example of the structure of CU215 shown, except Figure 5 In addition to the encoding unit 405, modulation unit 406, frequency conversion unit 407, antennas 408-1 to 408-4, demodulation unit 409, and decoding unit 410 shown, a structure with a DU communication unit is sometimes used. The DU communication unit is connected to the protocol processing unit 403. The protocol processing unit 403 in CU215 performs protocol processing for PDCP, SDAP, etc.

[0086] As Figure 2 The example of the structure of DU216 shown, except Figure 5 In addition to the EPC communication unit 401, other base station communication units 402, and 5GC communication unit 412 shown, a structure with a CU communication unit is sometimes used. The CU communication unit is connected to the protocol processing unit 403. The protocol processing unit 403 in DU216 performs protocol processing for PHY, MAC, RLC, etc.

[0087] Figure 6 This is a block diagram showing the structure of the 5GC section. Figure 6 The above is shown in the figure. Figure 2 The structure of the 5GC section 214 shown. Figure 6 It shows in Figure 2 The 5GC section 214 shown includes the structures of AMF, SMF, and UPF. Figure 6In the example shown, the AMF can have the functions of the control plane control unit 525, the SMF can have the functions of the session management unit 527, and the UPF can have the functions of the user plane communication unit 523 and the data network communication unit 521. The data network communication unit 521 performs data transmission and reception between the 5GC unit 214 and the data network. The base station communication unit 522 performs data transmission and reception between the 5GC unit 214 and the base station 21 via the NG interface. User data sent from the data network is transmitted from the data network communication unit 521 to the base station communication unit 522 via the user plane communication unit 523, and then sent to one or more base stations 213. User data sent from the base station 213 is transmitted from the base station communication unit 522 to the data network communication unit 521 via the user plane communication unit 523, and then sent to the data network.

[0088] Control data sent from base station 213 is transmitted from base station communication unit 522 to control plane control unit 525. Control plane control unit 525 can transmit control data to session management unit 527. Control data can be sent from data network. Control data sent from data network can be sent from data network communication unit 521 to session management unit 527 via user plane communication unit 523. Session management unit 527 can send control data to control plane control unit 525.

[0089] The user plane communication unit 523 includes a PDU processing unit 523-1, a mobility anchoring unit 523-2, etc., and performs overall processing for the user plane (hereinafter sometimes referred to as U-Plane). The PDU processing unit 523-1 processes data packets, such as sending and receiving packets with the data network communication unit 521 and sending and receiving packets with the base station communication unit 522. The mobility anchoring unit 523-2 is responsible for anchoring the data path when the UE moves.

[0090] The session management unit 527 manages the PDU sessions set up between the UE and the UPF. The session management unit 527 includes a PDU session control unit 527-1 and a UE IP address allocation unit 527-2. The PDU session control unit 527-1 manages the PDU sessions between the mobile terminal 202 and the 5GC unit 214. The UE IP address allocation unit 527-2 allocates IP addresses for the mobile terminal 202.

[0091] The control plane control unit 525 includes a NAS security unit 525-1, an idle state mobility management unit 525-2, etc., and performs overall processing for the control plane (hereinafter sometimes referred to as C-Plane). The NAS security unit 525-1 performs security protection for NAS (Non-Access Stratum) messages, etc. The idle state mobility management unit 525-2 performs mobility management in standby state (idle state: RRC_IDLE state, or simply idle), generation and control of paging signals in standby state, addition, deletion, updating, retrieval of tracking areas for one or more mobile terminals 202 within the coverage area, and tracking area list management, etc.

[0092] The series of processes in the 5GC unit 214 are controlled by the control unit 526. Therefore, although in Figure 6 The details are omitted, but the control unit 526 is connected to each of the units 521-523, 525, and 527. The units of the 5GC unit 214 are similar to the control unit 310 of the mobile terminal 202 described above, and are implemented, for example, by a processing circuit comprising a processor and a memory, or by a dedicated processing circuit such as an FPGA, ASIC, or DSP.

[0093] Next, an example of a cell search method in a communication system is shown. Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of a communication terminal (UE) in an NR-based communication system from cell search to standby mode. If the communication terminal starts cell search, in step ST601, the first synchronization signal (P-SS) and the second synchronization signal (S-SS) sent from surrounding base stations are used to achieve synchronization of time slot timing and frame timing.

[0094] P-SS and S-SS are collectively referred to as Synchronization Signal (SS). The Synchronization Signal (SS) contains a synchronization code that corresponds one-to-one with the PCI (Physical Cell Identifier) ​​assigned to each cell. In this discussion, the number of PCIs is set to 1008. The communication terminal uses these 1008 PCIs to achieve synchronization and detects (determines) the PCIs of synchronized cells.

[0095] In step ST602, the communication terminal receives the PBCH for the next cell to be synchronized. The BCCH on the PBCH maps to the MIB (Master Information Block), which contains cell structure information. Therefore, by receiving the PBCH and obtaining the BCCH, the MIB can be obtained. Information in the MIB includes, for example, the SFN (System Frame Number), scheduling information of SIB (System Information Block) 1, subcarrier spacing of SIB1, and DM-RS location information.

[0096] Additionally, the communication terminal obtains the SS block identifier via the PBCH. A portion of the bit string of the SS block identifier is contained in the MIB. The remaining bit string is contained in the identifier used to generate the DM-RS sequence accompanying the PBCH. The communication terminal uses the MIB contained in the PBCH and the DM-RS sequence accompanying the PBCH to obtain the SS block identifier.

[0097] Next, in step ST603, the communication terminal measures the received power of the SS block.

[0098] Next, in step ST604, the communication terminal selects the cell with the best reception quality from the more than one cell detected up to step ST603, for example, selecting the cell with the highest reception power, i.e., the optimal cell. Additionally, the communication terminal selects the beam with the best reception quality, for example, selecting the beam with the highest reception power in the SS block, i.e., the optimal beam. The selection of the optimal beam is, for example, using the reception power of the SS block identified by each SS block.

[0099] Next, in step ST605, the communication terminal receives the DL-SCH based on the scheduling information of SIB1 contained in the MIB, and obtains SIB1 (System Information Block) from the broadcast information BCCH. SIB1 contains information related to access to the cell, cell structure information, and scheduling information of other SIBs (SIBk: an integer k ≥ 2). In addition, SIB1 contains the Tracking Area Code (TAC).

[0100] Next, in step ST606, the communication terminal compares the TAC of SIB1 received in step ST605 with the TAC portion of the Tracking Area Identity (TAI) in the tracking area list already stored by the communication terminal. The tracking area list is also called the TAI list. TAI is identification information used to identify the tracking area, consisting of the MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code), and TAC (Tracking Area Code). MCC is the country code. MNC is the network code. TAC is the tracking area code number.

[0101] If the comparison result in step ST606 is the same as the TAC received in step ST605, and it is also included in the tracking area list, then the communication terminal enters standby mode in that cell. If the comparison shows that the TAC received in step ST605 is not included in the tracking area list, then the communication terminal requests a change of tracking area from the core network (EPC) containing the MME, etc., through that cell to perform a TAU (Tracking Area Update).

[0102] The devices constituting the core network (hereinafter sometimes referred to as core network-side devices) update the tracking area list based on the TAU request signal and the identification number (UE-ID, etc.) of the communication terminal sent from the communication terminal. The core network-side devices send the updated tracking area list to the communication terminal. The communication terminal rewrites (updates) its own TAC list based on the received tracking area list. After this, the communication terminal enters standby mode in the cell.

[0103] Next, examples of random access methods in a communication system are shown. In random access, 4-step random access and 2-step random access are used. Furthermore, for 4-step and 2-step random access, there are conflict-based random access, which may cause timing conflicts with other mobile terminals, and conflict-free random access.

[0104] An example of a conflict-based four-step random access method is shown. As step 1, the mobile terminal sends a random access preamble to the base station. The random access preamble can be selected by the mobile terminal from a predefined range, or it can be assigned separately to the mobile terminal and notified by the base station.

[0105] As a second step, the base station sends a random access response to the mobile terminal. The random access response includes uplink scheduling information used in the third step, and the terminal identifier used in the uplink transmission in the third step.

[0106] As step 3, the mobile terminal sends an uplink transmission to the base station. The mobile terminal uses the information obtained in step 2 in this uplink transmission. As step 4, the base station notifies the mobile terminal whether a conflict has been resolved. Mobile terminals notified of no conflict end the random access process. Mobile terminals notified of a conflict restart the process from step 1.

[0107] The conflict-free 4-step random access method differs from the conflict-based 4-step random access method in the following ways: First, before step 1, the base station pre-assigns a random access preamble and uplink scheduling to the mobile terminal. Second, notification regarding conflict resolution is not required in step 4.

[0108] An example of a collision-based two-step random access method is shown. In step 1, the mobile terminal sends a random access preamble and an uplink transmission to the base station. In step 2, the base station notifies the mobile terminal of whether a collision has occurred. Mobile terminals notified of no collision end the random access process. Mobile terminals notified of a collision restart the process from step 1.

[0109] The conflict-free two-step random access method differs from the conflict-based two-step random access method in the following way: Before step 1, the base station pre-assigns a random access preamble and uplink scheduling to the mobile terminal. Additionally, in step 2, the base station sends a random access response to the mobile terminal.

[0110] Figure 8 This illustrates an example of the structure of a cell in NR. In an NR cell, a narrow beam is formed and its direction is changed for transmission. Figure 8 In the example shown, base station 750 uses beam 751-1 to transmit and receive data with the mobile terminal at certain times. At other times, base station 750 uses beam 751-2 to transmit and receive data with the mobile terminal. Similarly, base station 750 uses one or more of beams 751-3 to 751-8 to transmit and receive data with the mobile terminal. Thus, base station 750 constitutes a wide-range cell 752.

[0111] exist Figure 8 The example shown depicts a base station 750 using 8 beams, but the number of beams can also be different from 8. Additionally, in Figure 8 In the example shown, the number of beams used simultaneously by base station 750 is set to one, but it can also be multiple.

[0112] Beam identification uses the concept of QCL (Quasi-CoLocation) (refer to Non-Patent Document 14 (3GPP TS 38.214)). That is, it is identified by information indicating which reference signal (e.g., SS block, CSI-RS) the beam can be considered to be identical to. This information sometimes includes the type of information about which beams can be considered identical, such as information about Doppler shift, Doppler shift spread, average delay, average delay spread, and spatial Rx parameters (refer to Non-Patent Document 14 (3GPP TS 38.214)).

[0113] In 3GPP, sidelinks (SL) are supported for D2D (Device to Device) communication and V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) communication (see Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 16). SL is defined through the PC5 interface.

[0114] In SL communication, in addition to broadcasting, support for PC5-S signaling was investigated to support unicast and groupcast (see Non-Patent Document 27 (3GPP TS23.287)). For example, PC5-S signaling was implemented to establish SL, i.e., the link used to implement PC5 communication. This link is implemented in the V2X layer and is also known as a Layer 2 link.

[0115] In addition, support for RRC signaling is being researched in SL communication (see Non-Patent Document 27 (3GPP TS23.287)). RRC signaling in SL communication is also referred to as PC5 RRC signaling. For example, the ability to notify UEs of each other during PC5 communication, and the notification of AS layer settings for using PC5 communication for V2X communication, have been proposed.

[0116] Figure 9 The diagram shows an example of the connection structure of a mobile terminal in SL communication. Figure 9 In the example shown, UE805 and UE806 exist within the coverage area 803 of base station 801. UL / DL communication 805 occurs between base station 801 and UE806. UL / DL communication 808 occurs between base station 801 and UE806. SL communication 810 occurs between UE805 and UE806. UE811 and UE812 exist outside the coverage area 803. SL communication 814 occurs between UE805 and UE811. Additionally, SL communication 816 occurs between UE811 and UE812.

[0117] As an example of communication between the UE and NW via relay in SL communication, Figure 9The UE805 shown relays the communication between UE811 and base station 801.

[0118] UEs that perform relays sometimes use with Figure 4 Same structure. Use Figure 4 The relay processing in the UE will be explained. The relay processing of UE805 in communication from UE811 to base station 801 will be explained. Radio signals from UE811 are received via antennas 307-1 to 307-4. The received signal is converted from the radio receiving frequency to a baseband signal by frequency conversion unit 306, and demodulation processing is performed in demodulation unit 308. In demodulation unit 308, waiting calculations and multiplication processes can be performed. The demodulated data is transmitted to decoding unit 309 for error correction and other decoding processing. The decoded data is transmitted to protocol processing unit 301, where protocol processing for communication with UE811, such as MAC, RLC, etc., is performed, including actions such as header removal in each protocol. Additionally, protocol processing for communication with base station 801, such as RLC, MAC, etc., is performed, including actions such as header assignment in each protocol. In the protocol processing unit 301 of UE811, PDCP and SDAP protocol processing are sometimes also performed. The data that has undergone protocol processing is transmitted to the encoding unit 304 for error correction and other encoding processing. Alternatively, data may be output directly from the protocol processing unit 301 to the modulation unit 305 without undergoing encoding processing. The data encoded by the encoding unit 304 is then modulated in the modulation unit 305. MIMO precoding may also be performed in the modulation unit 305. After the modulated data is converted into a baseband signal, it is output to the frequency conversion unit 306 and converted into a wireless transmission frequency. The transmission signal is then transmitted from antennas 307-1 to 307-4 to the base station 801.

[0119] The above content illustrates an example of UE805 relaying communication from UE811 to base station 801, but the same process is used in the relaying of communication from base station 801 to UE811.

[0120] 5G base stations can support Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) (see Non-Patent Documents 2, 20). An IAB-supporting base station (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an IAB base station) consists of a CU (IAB host CU) acting as an IAB host, a DU (IAB host DU) acting as an IAB host, and IAB nodes that connect to the IAB host DU and the UE via radio interfaces. An F1 interface is provided between the IAB nodes and the IAB host CU (see Non-Patent Document 2).

[0121] Figure 10The diagram illustrates an example of IAB base station connections. IAB host CU901 is connected to IAB host DU902. IAB node 903 connects to IAB host DU902 using a radio interface. IAB node 903 connects to IAB node 904 using a radio interface. That is, sometimes multiple levels of IAB node connections are made. UE905 connects to IAB node 904 using a radio interface. UE906 sometimes connects to IAB node 903 using a radio interface, and UE907 sometimes connects to IAB host DU902 using a radio interface. Multiple IAB host DU902s can connect to IAB host CU901, multiple IAB nodes 903 can connect to IAB host DU902, and multiple IAB nodes 904 can connect to IAB node 903.

[0122] In the connections between the IAB host DU and IAB nodes, and between IAB nodes, a BAP (Backhaul Adaptation Protocol) layer is set up (see Non-Patent Document 29). The BAP layer performs actions such as routing received data to the IAB host DU and / or IAB nodes, and mapping it to the RLC channel (see Non-Patent Document 29).

[0123] As an example of the structure of the IAB host CU, the same structure as CU215 is used.

[0124] As an example of the structure of the IAB host DU, it uses the same structure as DU216. In the protocol processing section of the IAB host DU, BAP layer processing is performed, such as assigning BAP headers to downlink data, routing for IAB nodes, and removing BAP headers from uplink data.

[0125] As an example of the structure of IAB nodes, sometimes in addition to Figure 5 The structure shown is excluding the EPC communication unit 401, other base station communication units 402, and 5GC communication unit 412.

[0126] use Figure 5 , Figure 10The transmit / receive processing in the IAB node will be explained. The transmit / receive processing of IAB node 903 in communication between IAB host CU901 and UE905 will be described. In uplink communication from UE905 to IAB host CU901, the radio signal from IAB node 904 is received through antenna 408 (part or all of antennas 408-1 to 408-4). The received signal is converted from the radio receiving frequency to a baseband signal by frequency conversion unit 407, and demodulation processing is performed in demodulation unit 409. The demodulated data is transmitted to decoding unit 410 for error correction and other decoding processing. The decoded data is transmitted to protocol processing unit 403, where protocol processing for communication with IAB node 904, such as MAC, RLC, etc., and actions such as header removal in each protocol, are performed. In addition, routing to the IAB host DU902 using the BAP header is performed, and protocol processing for communication with the IAB host DU902, such as assigning headers to each protocol, is carried out. The protocol-processed data is transmitted to the encoding unit 405 for error correction and other encoding processing. Alternatively, data may be output directly from the protocol processing unit 403 to the modulation unit 406 without encoding processing. The encoded data is modulated in the modulation unit 406. MIMO precoding may also be performed in the modulation unit 406. After the modulated data is converted into a baseband signal, it is output to the frequency conversion unit 407 and converted into a radio transmission frequency. Then, the transmission signal is transmitted to the IAB host DU902 using antennas 408-1 to 408-4. The same processing is performed in downlink communication from the IAB host CU901 to the UE905.

[0127] In IAB node 904, the same send and receive processing is performed as in IAB node 903. In the protocol processing unit 403 of IAB node 903, as part of the BAP layer processing, such as assigning BAP headers in uplink communication and routing to IAB node 904, and removing BAP headers in downlink communication, etc.

[0128] In 3GPP mobile communication systems, in addition to communication with the UE, target detection via sensing has been proposed (see Non-Patent Documents 30, 31). Since the sensed targets also include non-UE targets, the location management functions imported into 3GPP mobile communication systems cannot be simply applied to sensing. A specific method for performing sensing in a mobile communication system is needed.

[0129] A scheme is proposed to set up a function (which could also be a node or entity) that manages sensing (see Non-Patent Document 32). For example, it is called a sensing function (SF). However, Non-Patent Document 32 does not disclose the specific sensing management, such as what is managed or how it is managed.

[0130] As a sensor management system, it manages sensor-related processes such as sensor requests, sensor settings, and sensor termination. SF can also function as a sensor server. By configuring functions to manage sensors, sensor processing can be centrally managed, reducing the complexity of sensor processing.

[0131] SF can be configured separately from other functions within NW. This reduces processing complexity and minimizes malfunctions. Alternatively, SF can be included within other functions within NW. This facilitates collaboration with other functions and reduces signaling load.

[0132] In sensing using mobile communication systems, it is proposed to use a UE or base station to sense a target (refer to Non-Patent Document 31). Figures 11 to 14 This is a conceptual diagram of sensing using a UE or base station. Figure 11 This refers to the situation where the base station acts as the transmitting node for the sensing resources (sensing resources), and the UE acts as the receiving node for the sensing resources. Figure 12 This refers to the situation where the base station acts as both the transmitting node and the receiving node for sensing resources. Figure 13 This refers to the scenario where the UE acts as the transmitting node for sensing resources, and the base station acts as the receiving node for sensing resources. Figure 14 This refers to the scenario where the UE acts as the transmitting node for sensing resources and the UE acts as the receiving node for sensing resources.

[0133] The node that transmits sensing resources is sometimes simply referred to as the transmitting node. When the node transmitting sensing resources is a base station, it is sometimes simply referred to as the transmitting base station. The node that receives sensing resources is sometimes simply referred to as the receiving node. When the node receiving sensing resources is a UE, it is sometimes simply referred to as the receiving UE.

[0134] The transmitting base station transmits sensing radio waves to the target. The transmitting base station transmits resources (sensing resources) used for sensing via these sensing radio waves. The transmitting base station can use beams to transmit sensing resources. Sensing resources can be resources along the frequency-time axis. For example, sensing resources can be signals configured for sensing. For example, sensing resources can be RS transmitted along the frequency-time axis. For example, sensing resources can be RS, PRS, CSI-RS, SSB (Synchronization Signal Block), SS, MIB, DM-RS of MIB, etc., configured for sensing.

[0135] The transmitting base station determines the beam used for sensing. The transmitting base station can use a communication beam as the sensing beam. The communication beam is not limited to the beam actually transmitting data; it can also be a beam set by the transmitting base station for the UE. For example, the base station can use the measurement result report of the RS corresponding to the communication beam at the UE to determine the sensing beam. The transmitting base station can, for example, use measurement result reports from SSB, CSI-RS, or PRS to determine the sensing beam. The transmitting base station can, for example, use information received from the SF about the receiving UE and use the communication beam between itself and the receiving UE to determine the sensing beam. For example, it can use information received from the SF about the receiving UE and use a beam transmitted to the periphery of the communication beam between itself and the receiving UE to determine the sensing beam.

[0136] The transmitting base station can select one of multiple communication beams as the sensing beam. This is effective when there are multiple receiving UEs and multiple beams used for communication with those UEs. Using a single beam for sensing simplifies the sensing process.

[0137] The transmitting base station transmits sensing resources using the determined sensing beam. Sensing resources can be, for example, RS configured for sensing. Alternatively, sensing resources can be PRS, CSI-RS, SSB, etc. The transmitting base station determines the sensing resources used for sensing.

[0138] To determine the beam, the transmitting base station can send QCL information of the sensing resources to the UE. The QCL information can indicate which RS the sensing resource is quasi-co-located with.

[0139] The transmitting base station performs sensing settings including sensing resource information, QCL information, etc. From this, sensing settings for detecting sensing targets can be derived. The transmitting base station can then send these sensing settings to the SF (Signal Power Array).

[0140] The transmitting base station can scan beams. It can transmit multiple beams in different directions. Beam scanning can be performed using multiple beams. The transmitting base station can select multiple beams from multiple communication beams as sensing beams. For example, the transmitting base station can use information received from the SF regarding the receiving UE, and use multiple communication beams between the transmitting base station and the receiving UE to determine the beams for sensing. For example, a communication beam in which a receiving UE is conducting data communication and beams in its adjacent directions can be used as sensing beams. For example, the transmitting base station can use multiple communication beams in which receiving UEs are conducting data communication as sensing beams. The transmitting base station can scan these multiple sensing beams. The transmitting base station can use the determined multiple sensing beams to transmit sensing resources set for each beam. The transmitting base station performs sensing settings including sensing resource information, QCL information, etc., for multiple beams. Thus, sensing settings for detecting sensing targets can be derived. The transmitting base station can send the sensing settings to the SF.

[0141] The method disclosed involves the UE reporting measurement results of the communication beam to the transmitting base station, which uses these measurement results to determine the sensing beam. The UE can send measurement results for multiple paths of the same beam to the base station. The UE can send measurement results for each path to the base station. The UE can send measurement results for LOS and / or NLOS to the base station. The UE can send measurement results for each path with both LOS and NLOS to the base station. The UE can send information indicating whether the measurement result is LOS or NLOS for each path's measurement results. Alternatively, information indicating whether the measurement result sent by the UE to the base station is NLOS can be included in the measurement results. The UE can include information indicating the probability or likelihood of the measurement result being NLOS in the measurement results. The UE can include information indicating whether the measurement result is LOS in the measurement results. The UE can include information indicating the probability or likelihood of the measurement result being LOS in the measurement results. LOS can be FAP (First Arriving Path). The UE can presume FAP to be LOS.

[0142] The transmitting base station can select a beam with an NLOS path as the sensing beam. During sensing, the receiving UE can measure the NLOS path from the transmitting base station. The receiving UE can receive and measure the reflected wave from the target.

[0143] The sensing configuration method is disclosed. Sensing configurations are shared between transmitting and receiving nodes. For example, sensing configurations are shared between a transmitting base station and one or more receiving UEs.

[0144] The SF sends a sensing configuration request to the base station. The base station, upon receiving the request, performs sensing configuration. The base station sends sensing configuration information to the SF. The SF sends the sensing configuration information to one or more receiving UEs. The SF can send the sensing configuration information to one or more receiving UEs via a base station serving that receiving UE. Thus, the receiving UE can obtain the sensing configuration. Sensing configuration can be shared between the transmitting base station and the receiving UE.

[0145] The transmitting base station can change the sensing settings. The changed sensing settings can be sent to the SF. The SF then sends the changed sensing settings information to one or more receiving UEs. Thus, the receiving UEs can obtain the changed sensing settings. Sensing settings can be shared between the transmitting base station and the receiving UEs.

[0146] In the method disclosed above, the transmitting base station determines the sensing beam, and sensing configuration information including sensing resources transmitted by the sensing beam is transmitted from the transmitting base station to the SF and from the SF to the receiving UE. In the case of changing the sensing beam, sensing configuration information including sensing resources transmitted by the changed sensing beam is also transmitted from the transmitting base station to the SF and from the SF to the receiving UE.

[0147] For example, when the target being sensed moves, the sensing beam from the transmitting base station needs to be changed to follow the target. However, in the method disclosed above, sensing configuration information is transmitted from the transmitting base station to the receiving UE via the SF. Therefore, changing the sensing beam takes time. Furthermore, it is impossible to instruct the receiving UE from the SF at precise timing of one time slot or one symbol unit. This results in degraded sensing accuracy and the inability to follow moving targets, i.e., difficulty in tracking the target.

[0148] Publicly disclose methods for solving this problem.

[0149] The sensing beam is managed by the transmitting base station (sensing beam management (BM)). The sensing BM method is disclosed.

[0150] A sensing BM is performed between the transmitting base station and the UE. The UE is not limited to one, but can include multiple UEs. The SF can request the transmitting base station to perform the sensing BM. The SF can perform the sensing BM between the transmitting base station and the UE by receiving this request.

[0151] The transmitting base station configures the sensing beam set (BM) for the UE. A sensing resource set consisting of one or more sensing resources can also be configured for the sensing BM. The sensing BM configuration may include at least one of the following: settings for the sensing resource set, measurement-related settings, and measurement result reporting settings. Each of the one or more sensing resources in the sensing resource set corresponds to a candidate sensing beam and is transmitted using the corresponding beam. The transmitting base station transmits information to the UE indicating the content of the sensing BM configuration, i.e., sensing BM configuration information. The sensing BM configuration information may include multiple configuration settings. For example, the sensing BM configuration information may include: configuration information for the resource set containing the sensing resources in the sensing resource set; configuration information for resource set measurement related to the measurement of the sensing resource set; and configuration information for resource set measurement result reporting related to the reporting of measurement results of the sensing resource set. For example, the sensing BM configuration information may include information for determining the sensing BM configuration. This information may be, for example, an identifier. These configuration settings may be transmitted together or separately. Therefore, it is possible to share the resource settings, measurement settings, and reporting settings of the sensing BM between the transmitting base station and the UE.

[0152] One or more sensing BM settings can be configured for the UE from the transmitting base station. One or more sensing BM configuration information can be sent to the UE from the transmitting base station. For example, different sensing BM settings can be configured for each sensing service. For example, even when sensing services require different KPIs (Key Performance Indicators), sensing BM settings more suitable for each service can be configured.

[0153] The following are four examples of information included in the sensor settings.

[0154] (1) Information related to the setting of the sensing resource set. (2) Information related to the setting of the measurement of the sensing resources. (3) Information related to the reporting of measurement results of the sensing resources. (4)(1) to (3) combinations.

[0155] (1) Information related to the setting of the sensing resource set may include, for example, the identifier of the sensing resource set and information related to the setting of the sensing resources contained in the sensing resource set.

[0156] Here are eight examples of information related to the setting of sensing resources.

[0157] (1-1) Information related to the resources used for sensing BM. (1-2) Information on the allocation of sensing resources. (1-3) Sensing resource period and offset information. (1-4) Start time, end time, and information during the transmission of sensing resources. (1-5) Information related to the beam used for sensing. (1-6) QCL information of the sensing resources. (1-7) Information related to the power of the sensing resources. Combinations of (1-8)(1-1) to (1-7).

[0158] (1-1) For example, it could be information about the frequency used for sensing BM. For example, (1-1) could be information about the RS used for sensing BM. Information about the frequency used for sensing BM could be, for example, information such as frequency band, frequency layer, BWP, etc. It is also possible to set the frequency band, frequency layer, BWP, etc., for sensing BM. These can be set to be dedicated to sensing BM. By determining the frequency used in sensing BM, the processing complexity of nodes such as UE or base station performing sensing processing can be reduced. Information about the RS used for sensing BM could be, for example, RS, PRS, SSB, CSI-RS, etc., set for sensing. The receiving UE can identify what sensing resources can be received.

[0159] (1-2) For example, it could be time-frequency information mapping sensing resources. Time information could include symbols, time slots, radio frames, etc., mapping sensing resources. Alternatively, it could be time units such as seconds, hours, days, years, etc. Frequency information could include subcarriers, resource blocks, subbands, BWPs, carrier frequencies, sensing frequency layers, etc., mapping sensing resources.

[0160] Sensing BMs can also be supported in SCells (or CCs). Sensing BMs can also be supported in SCGs. Sensing BMs can also be supported in PSCells. Dedicated SCells, SCGs, and PSCells for sensing BMs can also be configured. For example, communication can be performed in a PCell, while sensing BMs are performed in an SCell, which reduces the complexity of sensing BM processing during communication.

[0161] The allocation information of sensing resources in (1-2) can be information used to determine SCell, SCG, and PSCell. The receiving UE can receive the setting information of sensing resources in SCell, SCG, and PSCell.

[0162] The sensing resources can be transmitted periodically. (1-3) can be the period and offset information of the sensing resources transmitted periodically.

[0163] (1-4) contains information about the start time, end time, and transmission period of the sensing resource. For example, the sensing resource is transmitted periodically during this transmission period. The unit of time can be a symbol, time slot, radio frame, or seconds, hours, days, years, etc.

[0164] (1-5) is information related to the beam used for sensing BM that transmits sensing resources. An identifier can also be set for the beam used for sensing BM. The receiving UE can determine the beam used for sensing BM. For example, an identifier for a communication beam can be used as an identifier for the beam used for sensing BM. The association with the communication beam can be indicated, and the setting of the communication beam can be used flexibly.

[0165] (1-6) is information about resources that are in a QCL relationship with the sensing resources. For example, it could be information about communication RS that are in a QCL relationship with the sensing BM. For example, it could be information about sensing RS that are in a QCL relationship with the sensing BM. As a type of information about the same beam that can be considered as QCL information, focus conditions may also be included. For example, it is possible to determine whether a beam can be considered as the same beam based on the focus conditions of the beam formed by the antenna used for sensing. Thus, for example, it is possible to easily perform processing such as using the measurement results of communication resources that are in a QCL relationship with the sensing resources or the measurement results of sensing RS as a substitute for the measurement results of the sensing resources used for sensing BM.

[0166] For example, in the configuration of the communication RS, a sensing BM RS that is in a QCL relationship with that RS can be configured. The UE can be notified of the configuration information of either the communication RS or the sensing RS. Thus, for example, it is easy to perform processing such as using the measurement results of the sensing resources used for the sensing BM as a substitute for measurement results related to the communication resources or the measurement results of the sensing RS.

[0167] (1-7) is information related to the transmission power of the sensing resource. For example, this transmission power information could be the absolute value of the transmission power. For example, this transmission information could be the difference between the sensing resource and other channels or other RSs. The receiving UE can identify the transmission power of the sensing resource. For example, the receiving UE can use this transmission power information to derive path loss. Path loss can be used as a sensing measurement metric.

[0168] Four examples of information related to the setting of the measurement of sensing resources in (2) are disclosed below.

[0169] (2-1) Information related to the measurement gap of the BM used for sensing. (2-2) Information related to the window used for measuring sensing resources. (2-3) Information related to the measurement indicators of sensing resources. Combinations of (2-4)(2-1) to (2-3).

[0170] Measurement gaps can also be set for sensing BM. (2-1) For example, the measurement gap period, start time, and end time for sensing BM. The unit of time can be a symbol, time slot, radio frame, or seconds, hours, days, years, etc. The measurement gap for sensing BM is not limited to one and can be set multiple times. The measurement gap for sensing BM is effective, for example, when sensing BM is performed at a frequency different from the communication frequency. The receiving UE can switch from the communication frequency to the sensing BM frequency during this gap, thereby enabling the measurement of sensing BM.

[0171] A window can also be set for sensing BM measurements. (2-2) For example, the duration, start time, and end time of the sensing BM window. The unit of time can be a symbol, time slot, radio frame, or seconds, hours, days, years, etc. There is no limit to one sensing BM window; multiple windows can be set. The sensing BM window is effective, for example, when performing sensing BM at a communication frequency. For example, the receiving UE can be configured not to receive communication channels or signals during the sensing BM window. The receiving UE can perform sensing BM measurements within the sensing BM window.

[0172] As examples of information related to the measurement indicators of sensing resources in (2-3), 12 are disclosed below.

[0173] (2-3-1)RSRP. (2-3-2)RSRQ. (2-3-3) Doppler frequency. (2-3-4)AOA (Angle of Arrival). (2-3-5)AOD (Angle Of Departure). (2-3-6)TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival). (2-3-7) CIR (Channel Impulse Response). (2-3-8)PDP (Power Delay Profile). (2-3-9) Sensing measurement time. (2-3-10) SIR (Signal to Interference Ratio). (2-3-11)SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio). Combinations of (2-3-12)(2-3-1) to (2-3-11).

[0174] The receiving UE can be configured to measure which metric is used as a sensing BM. By receiving this information, the receiving UE can identify which metric can be measured as a sensing BM.

[0175] Furthermore, the information related to the setting of the sensing resource measurement may include information about the sensing resource itself. It may also include information about the sensing resource being measured. For example, if multiple sensing resources are set, it is possible to identify which sensing resource needs to be measured.

[0176] By receiving the settings for sensing resource measurement, the UE can perform measurements of the BM for sensing.

[0177] Three examples of information related to the reporting of measurement results of sensing resources in (3) are disclosed below.

[0178] (3-1) Report triggered. (3-2) Information about the measurement results. Combinations of (3-3)(3-1) to (3-2).

[0179] (3-1) For example, this could be information indicating whether the timing of reporting measurement results of sensed resources is periodic or event-triggered. When the timing of reporting measurement results of sensed resources is periodic, this could be information such as the reporting period, start time, and end time of the measurement results. When the timing of reporting measurement results of sensed resources is event-triggered, this could be information related to the conditions for reporting the measurement results of sensed resources. This condition could be, for example, a specified threshold for the measurement index of the sensed resource. For example, a threshold for RSRP can be set. The receiving UE can report the measurement results when RSRP reaches or exceeds this threshold. This condition could be, for example, when radio wave propagation conditions or channel conditions change. For example, the measurement results can be reported when the LOS or NLOS path changes. For example, the measurement results can be reported when the FAP changes.

[0180] Alternatively, upon event triggering, the receiving UE can report that the event has occurred. The node receiving the report can then recognize that the event has occurred. For example, the report can be used to change the sensing BM settings. More appropriate sensing BM processing can then be implemented.

[0181] (3-2) For example, it could be information about the transmitting base station, information about the measured sensing resources, information related to the measured beam used for sensing by the BM, sensing resource measurement indicators, etc. (3-2) could be the identifier of the transmitting base station, the identifier of the sensing resources, or the identifier of the beam used for sensing by the BM. The node that receives the measurement result can determine which transmitting base station, which sensing BM, and which beam used which sensing resource.

[0182] Regarding the settings for sensing BM (Brandinger Base) configuration, sensing resource set configuration, sensing resource configuration, sensing measurement configuration, and sensing measurement result reporting configuration, these settings are not limited to one; multiple settings can be configured. Information used to identify each setting and each piece of information can be set for that setting or information. For example, this identification information can be an identifier. For instance, the transmitting base station can configure multiple sensing BM settings and configuration information for the UE, and notify the UE of the settings and information activated from these settings and configuration information. The UE can determine which setting or information is being used from the multiple sensing BM settings and configuration information. Therefore, for example, the sensing BM settings can be changed according to the measurement environment, enabling flexible sensing BM configuration.

[0183] The UE performs measurements on a set of sensing resources. The UE measures the set of sensing resources indicated by the resource set configuration information contained in the sensing BM configuration information. The UE can use the resource set measurement configuration information contained in the sensing BM configuration information to perform the measurement of this resource set. The UE sends the measurement results of this resource set to the transmitting base station. The UE sends the measurement results of one or more sensing resources contained in the resource set to the transmitting base station. The measurement results of the sensing resources represent the reception quality of the sensing resources, such as reception power. The UE can use the reporting configuration information of the resource set measurement results contained in the sensing BM configuration information to send the measurement results of this resource set to the transmitting base station. The measurement results of the sensing resources can be sent in association with the identifier of the measured UE. The measurement results of the sensing resources can be sent in association with information identifying the sensing resources. The transmitting base station can identify which UE's measurement results are and which sensing resource's measurement results are. Thus, the transmitting base station can identify the measurement results of the sensing resource set in the UE.

[0184] Measurement of the sensing resource set can be performed continuously. If the UE continuously and repeatedly performs measurements of the sensing resource set after receiving the sensing BM setting information, the measurement of the sensing resource set can also be performed using the resource set measurement setting information contained in the sensing BM setting information. The sensing BM setting information can include setting information for repeated measurements of the sensing resource set. This setting information can be included in the sensing resource set measurement setting information. This setting information can be, for example, information about the measurement period. For example, it can be the measurement period or offset. This setting information can be, for example, information about the number of measurements. For example, if this setting information is not sent to the UE, continuous measurement may not be performed. By adopting this method, the transmitting base station can perform continuous measurement settings. The transmission of the sensing resource measurement results to the transmitting base station can be performed continuously. In this case, the transmission of the sensing resource measurement results to the transmitting base station can also be performed using the resource set measurement result reporting setting information contained in the sensing BM setting. The sensing BM setting information can include reporting setting information for repeated measurement results of the sensing resource set. This reporting setting information can be included in the sensing resource set measurement result reporting setting information. This reporting setting information can be, for example, information about the reporting period. For example, it can be the reporting period or offset. The report configuration information could be, for example, information about the number of reports. For instance, if this report configuration information is not sent to the UE, reporting may not be continuous. Thus, the transmitting base station can continuously acquire measurement results from the UE's sensing resource set.

[0185] The transmitting base station determines the sensing beam. The transmitting base station can use the measurement results of the sensing resource set received from the UE to determine the sensing beam. The sensing beam can be any beam within the sensing resource set.

[0186] The transmitting base station can also decide which UE to receive. The receiving UE is not limited to one; it can be multiple UEs. The transmitting base station can use measurement results from the sensing resource set received from the UE to decide which UE to receive. The decision regarding the receiving UE can also be made internally within the UE.

[0187] The transmitting base station sends information about the sensing beam to the receiving UE. Identifiers can also be set for sensing resources within the sensing resource set. These identifiers can also be included in the sensing resource set settings. The information about the sensing beam can include, for example, identifiers of the sensing resources. For instance, the identifier of a sensing resource can be TCI (Transmission Configuration Indication) status information. Alternatively, information indicating the activation / deactivation (sometimes called act / deact) corresponding to each sensing resource within the sensing resource set can be set. The information about the sensing beam can include, for example, information indicating the act / deact of each sensing resource. In the case of act, it is used as the sensing beam; in the case of deact, it is not used as the sensing beam. In the case of deact, measurements of the sensing beam can also be performed. The sensing beam can be set for the receiving UE.

[0188] The UE receives information about the received sensing beam, receives sensing resources transmitted by the sensing beam, and performs sensing measurements. The sensing measurements can utilize sensing configuration information received from the SF. This sensing configuration information may include settings for sensing measurements and settings for reporting sensing measurement results.

[0189] The receiving UE sends sensing measurement results to the transmitting base station. The sensing measurement results can be set as measurement results of sensing resources used for sensing beams. The transmitting base station sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. These sensing measurement results can be sent in association with the identifier of the measured UE. They can also be sent in association with information identifying the measured sensing resources. The transmitting base station can identify which UE's measurement results are from and which sensing resource they are from. The reporting of the sensing measurement results can use sensing configuration information received from the SF. Thus, the transmitting base station can obtain the sensing measurement results from the receiving UE.

[0190] The transmitting base station sends sensing measurement results to the SF. These sensing measurement results can be sent in association with the identifier of the measured UE. They can also be sent in association with information identifying the measured sensing resources. Furthermore, they can be sent in association with information identifying the transmitting base station. An interface can be established between the transmitting base station and the SF. This interface can be used to send sensing measurement results. The transmitting base station can send sensing measurement results to the SF on a per-receiving UE basis. For example, the transmitting base station can send the sensing measurement results to the SF immediately after receiving them from the receiving UE. This allows the SF to obtain the sensing measurement results from the receiving UE as early as possible. Alternatively, the transmitting base station can also include the sensing measurement results of multiple receiving UEs in a single message and send it to the SF. This reduces the signaling volume between the transmitting base station and the SF.

[0191] The receiving UE can send sensing measurement results to the SF. An interface can be set up between the UE and the SF. This interface can be used to send sensing measurement results.

[0192] SF exports sensing results. These results include, for example, the detection results of targeted 3D objects, six-dimensional (3D coordinates + 3-axis orientation) objects, and information such as the object's shape, size, position, velocity, direction of movement, water level, humidity, air pressure, and heart rate. SF can export sensing results using sensing measurements acquired from one or more receiving UEs. Thus, SF is capable of exporting sensing results.

[0193] The sensing beam can also be changed. The transmitting base station can also change the sensing beam. The transmitting base station can use measurement results from the set of sensing resources used for the sensing beam (BM) from the UE to change the sensing beam. The transmitting base station can use sensing measurement results from the receiving UE to change the sensing beam. For example, if the sensing measurement result from the receiving UE is less than a threshold (e.g., below a predetermined threshold) and the measurement results of any number of sensing resources in the UE's sensing resource set are greater than a threshold (e.g., above a predetermined threshold), the sensing beam can be changed to transmit sensing resources greater than that threshold. For example, if any of these conditions are met, it can also be changed to transmit the sensing resource that has reached its maximum value. Thus, the sensing beam can be changed to a beam with good sensing measurement results. For example, if the sensing measurement result is received power, it can also be changed to a beam with good received power.

[0194] The receiving UE can also be changed. The transmitting base station can change the receiving UE. The transmitting base station can use the measurement results of the sensing resource set used for sensing by the sensing beam from the UE to change the receiving UE. The transmitting base station can use the sensing results from the receiving UE to change the receiving UE. For example, a receiving UE whose sensing measurement result is less than a threshold (e.g., it may be below a specified threshold) can be changed to a UE whose measurement result of the sensing resources transmitted by the sensing beam is greater than a threshold (e.g., it may be above a specified threshold). For example, if the sensing beam is changed, all UEs whose measurement result of the changed sensing beam is greater than a threshold (e.g., it may be above a specified threshold) can be changed to receiving UEs. Thus, it is possible to change a receiving UE that measures the sensing beam to a UE with good sensing measurement results.

[0195] The transmitting base station sends information related to the changed sensing beam to the receiving UE. It may also send information related to the original sensing beam at the same time. The aforementioned method for transmitting information regarding the sensing beam can be appropriately applied. The sensing beam can be changed. The changed sensing beam can be set for the receiving UE.

[0196] The UE receives information related to the received modified sensing beam, receives sensing resources transmitted by the modified sensing beam, and performs sensing measurements.

[0197] The disclosed method described above can be appropriately applied to transmitting the modified sensing beam measurement results from the receiving UE to the transmitting base station and SF, and to derive the sensing results in the SF. The transmitting base station can acquire the sensing measurement results based on the modified sensing beam obtained from the receiving UE. In the SF, the sensing results can be derived using the modified sensing beam measurement results. Even when the sensing target moves and the suitable sensing beam changes, the sensing beam can be changed to a suitable beam, making it possible to obtain sensing measurement results based on the modified sensing beam, and to derive the sensing results using the modified sensing beam.

[0198] The method of transmitting information from the transmitting base station to the UE, and receiving information from the UE regarding sensing, such as sensing BM configuration information and sensing beam information, can be as follows: For example, RRC signaling can be used. For example, a new sensing RRC message can be set. For example, it can be included in an RRC Reconfiguration message for transmission. Large amounts of information can be transmitted. As another transmission method, MAC signaling can be used. For example, a new sensing MAC signaling can be set. For example, it can be included in a MAC CE for transmission. A sensing MAC CE can also be set. For example, it can be included in a MAC PDU for transmission. A sensing MAC PDU can also be set. Transmission can be performed as early as possible. As another transmission method, L1 / L2 signaling can be used. For example, it can be included in a DCI. For example, it can also be transmitted via a PDCCH. A sensing DCI can also be set. Transmission can be performed even earlier.

[0199] These transmission methods can also be combined. For example, RRC signaling can be used to transmit sensing beam configuration information, and DCI can be used to transmit information about the sensing beam. A large amount of information can be configured for the UE as a sensing beam configuration including a set of sensing resources, and the sensing beam can be transmitted earlier. For example, in cases where the sensing target is moving rapidly, the sensing beam can be configured and changed earlier.

[0200] Information about sensing, such as measurement results of a sensing resource set, can be sent from the UE or receiving UE to the transmitting base station. The method of sending these sensing measurement results can be, for example, using RRC signaling. For example, a new RRC message for sensing can be set up. For example, the aforementioned sensing information can be included in a Measurement Report message for transmission. Large amounts of information can be sent. As another transmission method, MAC signaling can be used. For example, a new MAC signaling for sensing can be set up. For example, it can be included in a MAC CE for transmission. A MAC CE for sensing can also be set up. For example, the aforementioned sensing information can be included in a MAC PDU for transmission. A MAC PDU for sensing can also be set up. This allows for earlier transmission. As another transmission method, L1 / L2 signaling can be used. For example, the aforementioned sensing information can be included in a UCI. For example, the aforementioned sensing information can be sent via PUCCH. For example, the aforementioned sensing information can be sent via PUSCH. A UCI for sensing can also be set up. This allows for even earlier transmission.

[0201] These transmission methods can also be combined. For example, UCI can be used to transmit the measurement results of the sensing resource set, and RRC signaling can be used to transmit the sensing measurement results. This allows for the early transmission of the sensing resource set measurement results and the transmission of a large amount of information as sensing measurement results. For example, in cases where the sensing target is moving rapidly, the setting and modification of the sensing beam can be performed earlier.

[0202] The decision to perform sensing BM (or the UE configured to perform sensing BM) can be made by the transmitting base station or the SF. If the SF decides to perform sensing BM for a UE, it can send information about that UE to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can also request information about the UE performing sensing BM from the SF.

[0203] The UE performing sensing using BM can be, for example, a UE within the coverage area of ​​the transmitting base station. For example, it can be a UE corresponding to the service performing the sensing. For example, it can be a sensing-related UE.

[0204] From information about the sensing area, UEs existing within the sensing area are derived. UEs located near the sensing area, UEs capable of performing sensing processes, or UEs capable of receiving sensing resources can also be derived. These UEs are referred to as sensing-related UEs (sensing-related communication terminals). Information about a specified area can be used as information about the sensing area. The derived UEs can be one or more. Sensing-related UEs can also be derived as candidates for UEs receiving sensing resources (sometimes called receiving UEs).

[0205] LMF (Local Frequency Analysis) can derive sensing-related UEs from information about the sensing area. LMF identifies the UE's location information. By using LMF, sensing-related UEs can be determined. A sensing-related UE can be a UE with location information within a specified time period. A sensing-related UE can be a UE with the most recent location information. A sensing-related UE can be a UE performing location management or location measurement. Using UEs with more recent location information allows for more accurate sensing.

[0206] The SF can request the LMF to export sense-related UEs. The SF sends information about the sensing area to the LMF, which uses this information to export sense-related UEs. The LMF sends information about the exported sense-related UEs to the SF. The SF can also send information about sense-related UEs to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can request the LMF to export sense-related UEs. The LMF can send information about sense-related UEs to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can also request information about sense-related UEs from the SF. The SF can send information about sense-related UEs received from the LMF to the transmitting base station.

[0207] Information about the sensing service can be stored in the UDM and PCF. This information may include, for example, information used to identify the sensing service, such as a service identifier. This information can be associated with information about the UE, such as information stored within the UE information. The UE information may include, for example, the UE's subscription information. The SF receives the sensing service information from an external device or AF. The SF can also request information about the UE corresponding to the sensing service from the UDM and PCF. This request may include information about the sensing service. The UDM and PCF can also use the information about the sensing service to derive the UE corresponding to the sensing service. The UDM and PCF can also send information about the derived UE corresponding to the sensing service to the SF. The SF can identify the UE corresponding to the sensing service and can derive the UE performing the sensing service (BM).

[0208] Other NFs can also request information related to the UE corresponding to the sensing service from the UDM and PCF. The UDM and PCF can also send exported information related to the UE corresponding to the sensing service to other NFs. For example, an other NF could be an SMF.

[0209] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example sequence of a sensing BM. In ST1501, the SF sends a sensing request to the transmitting base station. This request may include sensing configuration information and information about the sensing-related UE. The sensing configuration information may include, for example, settings for sensing measurements and settings for reporting sensing measurement results.

[0210] The transmitting base station that receives the sensing request performs sensing BM configuration in ST1505. In ST1511, the transmitting base station sends sensing configuration information and sensing BM configuration information to one or more sensing-related UEs (UE#1, UE#2, UE#3). The sensing BM configuration information includes, for example, resource set configuration information, resource set measurement configuration information, and resource set measurement result reporting configuration information. The sensing BM configuration information may include, for example, information for determining the sensing BM configuration. This information may be, for example, an identifier. The sensing-related UE receives the sensing BM configuration information. The sensing-related UE can identify that it is the UE performing sensing BM measurements.

[0211] In ST1512, the transmitting base station transmits BM (Band Module) resources, which are sensing resources of a sensing resource set corresponding to the beam used in the configured sensing BM. The sensing-related UE, having received the sensing BM configuration information, measures the sensing resource set in ST1513. This measurement can use the sensing BM configuration received from the transmitting base station. The sensing-related UE can store the measurement result. In ST1514, the sensing-related UE transmits the measurement result to the transmitting base station. This transmission can use the sensing BM configuration received from the transmitting base station.

[0212] The transmission of sensing resources corresponding to the sensing resource set used in the sensing BM can be continuous. Measurements for the sensing BM and the transmission of measurement results can be continuous. This can be performed according to the settings of the sensing BM. For example, if the sensing BM settings include periodic settings for sensing resources, periodic measurements, and periodic reporting, measurements and the transmission of measurement results can be continuous during that period.

[0213] In ST1521, the transmitting base station, having received measurement results from the sensing-related UE, uses these results to determine the sensing beam. In ST1522, the transmitting base station uses these measurement results to determine the receiving UE (UE#1, UE#2) to perform the sensing measurement. The receiving UE can be selected from the sensing-related UEs. In ST1523, the transmitting base station sends information about the sensing beam to the receiving UE. This information may include, for example, an identifier of the sensing resource transmitted by the sensing beam, indicating the sensing beam. Upon receiving this information about the sensing beam, the receiving UE can identify itself as the UE performing the sensing measurement.

[0214] In ST1524, the transmitting base station transmits sensing resources corresponding to the sensing beam. The receiving UE, having received information about the sensing beam, measures the sensing resources of the sensing beam in ST1525. This measurement can use sensing settings received from the transmitting base station. The receiving UE can store the measurement result. In ST1526, the receiving UE transmits the sensing measurement result to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can then obtain the sensing measurement result from the receiving UE.

[0215] In ST1527, the transmitting base station sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. It is also possible to aggregate and send the sensing measurement results from multiple receiving UEs. In ST1528, the SF uses the received sensing measurement results to derive sensing results. This derivation may, for example, use the location information of the receiving UE and the location information of the transmitting base station. The location information of the receiving UE and the transmitting base station can, for example, be obtained from the LMF. The location information of the receiving UE can, for example, be derived by the receiving UE and sent to the SF. This transmission can be performed via the transmitting base station. This location information can be included in the sensing measurement results. The location information is not limited to two dimensions; it can also be three-dimensional information.

[0216] In ST1529, the transmitting base station continuously transmits sensing resources corresponding to the sensing resource set used in the configured sensing BM. In ST1530, the sensing-related UE continuously measures the sensing resource set. In ST1531, the sensing-related UE continuously transmits the measurement results to the transmitting base station.

[0217] In ST1532, the transmitting base station, having received the measurement results from the sensing-related UE, uses these results to determine the sensing beam. The sensing beam may or may not be changed. This diagram illustrates the case where it has been changed. In ST1533, the transmitting base station uses the measurement results to determine the receiving UE that will perform the sensing measurement. The receiving UE may or may not be changed. This diagram illustrates the case where it has not been changed. In ST1534, the transmitting base station sends information about the newly determined sensing beam to the newly determined receiving UE. The receiving UE can then recognize that it is the UE performing the sensing measurement and the new sensing beam.

[0218] In ST1535, the transmitting base station transmits sensing resources corresponding to the modified sensing beam. The receiving UE, having received information about the modified sensing beam, measures the sensing resources of the modified sensing beam in ST1536. This measurement can use sensing settings received from the transmitting base station. The receiving UE can store the measurement result. In ST1537, the receiving UE transmits the sensing measurement result of the modified sensing beam to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can then obtain the sensing measurement result of the modified sensing beam from the receiving UE.

[0219] In ST1538, the transmitting base station sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. It is also possible to aggregate and send the sensing measurement results from multiple receiving UEs. In ST1539, the SF uses the received sensing measurement results to derive the sensing results. Thus, the SF can derive the sensing results using the sensing measurement results of the modified sensing beam.

[0220] In this way, by using the sensing beam (BM), the sensing beam and the receiving UE can be appropriately modified. Therefore, for example, even in situations such as movement of the sensing target, movement of the receiving UE, deterioration of the radio wave propagation between the transmitting base station and the sensing target, or deterioration of the radio wave propagation between the sensing target and the receiving UE, the sensing target can be sensed more effectively by modifying the sensing beam and the receiving UE.

[0221] The process for ending sensing is illustrated. The SF decides to terminate the sensing request made in ST1501. In ST1541, the SF sends information indicating the end of sensing to the transmitting base station. This information may include, for example, information about the sensing request that was made. For instance, it may include information for determining which sensing request it was.

[0222] Upon receiving the notification that sensing has ended, the transmitting base station in ST1542 sends information indicating the end of sensing to the sensing-related UE. This information may include, for example, information indicating the release of a sensing setting or information indicating the release of a sensing BM setting. This information may include, for example, information for determining which sensing setting to release and information for determining which sensing BM setting to release. Thus, the sensing-related UE can identify which sensing setting and which sensing BM setting to end and release.

[0223] In ST1543, the sensing-related UE ends sensing measurements and also ends the measurement of the sensing resource set of the sensing BM. Sensing settings can also be released. In ST1544, the transmitting base station ends the transmission of the sensing resource set of the sensing BM and also ends the sensing BM. Sensing settings can also be released. This allows the sensing-related UE and the transmitting base station to end sensing, avoiding unnecessary processing.

[0224] By employing a sequence as shown in the example in this figure, sensing using a sensing BM can be achieved.

[0225] Information related to the beam used in the determined sensing beam (BM) can also be sent from the transmitting base station to the SF. The determined sensing beam (BM) settings can also be sent from the transmitting base station to the SF. Information related to the determined sensing beam can also be sent from the transmitting base station to the SF. The SF can recognize this information. For example, the SF can adjust sensing resource settings between sensing processes using other base stations. For example, adjustments can be made to reduce the impact of interference. More suitable sensing processes can be performed in the NW.

[0226] The beam used in communication can also be used as a sensing beam. Measurement results of the communication beam can also be used as a sensing beam. The specified UE performs measurements on the communication beam and sends the measurement results to the transmitting base station. The beam used in communication can also be used as a sensing beam. The sensing beam can be determined from the beam used for the sensing beam. As a method of using the communication beam for the sensing beam or for sensing, for example, in the setting of sensing resources, information about the QCL (Quality Channel Clone) between the communication beam and the resources (e.g., SSB, RS) can be set. For example, the QCL information can include an identifier of the resource that determines the communication beam. The receiving UE can process the communication beam set by the QCL information as equivalent to the beam used for sensing or sensing. Therefore, the beam used in communication can be used as a sensing beam or for sensing. For example, there is no need to separately set a beam for sensing, and the measurement results of the communication beam can be utilized, simplifying the sensing process.

[0227] A beam configured for sensing can also be used as a sensing beam (BM). The measurement results of this beam can also be used as a sensing beam. The UE performs the measurement of this beam and sends the measurement results to the transmitting base station. A beam configured for sensing can also be used as a sensing beam. The sensing beam can be determined from the beams used as sensing beams. As a method of using this beam as a sensing beam or for sensing, for example, information related to the resources (e.g., SSB, RS) of the beam configured for sensing can be set in the sensing resource settings. A beam configured for sensing can also be used as a sensing beam or for sensing. As a sensing beam or sensing beam, different settings than communication beams can be made. For example, higher precision sensing can be achieved.

[0228] The above describes the continuous measurement and reporting of the sensing resource set used for sensing beamforming (BM). Measurement and reporting of the sensing resource set for sensing BM can also be performed before sensing measurements. For example, the measurement and reporting cycles of the sensing BM can be aligned with the sensing cycle. For example, the measurement and reporting cycles of the sensing BM can be set to n times or 1 / n times the sensing measurement cycle (where n is a natural number). The offsets of the measurement and reporting timings of the sensing BM, as well as the offset of the sensing measurement timing, can be set so that the measurement and reporting of the sensing resources used for sensing BM are performed before the sensing measurements. These settings can be made in the sensing BM settings and the sensing measurement settings. Therefore, the transmitting base station can use the measurement results of the sensing resource set in real time and can appropriately determine the sensing beam.

[0229] A method for determining the sensing beam is disclosed. For example, the beam with the best measurement result among the measurement results of the sensing resource set of the sensing BM can be used as the sensing beam. Alternatively, the receiving UE can be set as the UE that transmitted the measurement result. Good sensing measurement results can be obtained. For example, the beam with the best average of the measurement results of a specified number of UEs starting from the larger of the measurement results can be used as the sensing beam. This specified number of UEs can also be used as the receiving UEs. For example, among the beams that obtained measurement results greater than a specified threshold (e.g., possibly above the specified threshold), the beam with the largest number of UEs can be used as the sensing beam. Alternatively, UEs that transmitted measurement results greater than the specified threshold (e.g., possibly above the specified threshold) of this beam can be used as the receiving UEs. Thus, good sensing measurement results using multiple receiving UEs, not limited to one, can be obtained.

[0230] Measurement metrics used to determine the sensing beam include, for example, the RSRP, RSRQ, SIR, or SINR of the sensing resources. Other metrics can also be used, or combinations thereof. The transmitting base station can send this measurement metric to the UE. Alternatively, the measurement metric can be included in the measurement settings and reporting settings information of the sensing beam.

[0231] The sensing beam can also be determined using sensing measurement results from one or more receiving UEs. Alternatively, both the measurement results from the sensing resource set of the UE's sensing beam and the sensing measurement results from the receiving UE can be used. The sensing measurement results can also be used in the sensing beam. Higher accuracy sensing results can be obtained.

[0232] Measurements of the sensing BM can be triggered. For example, a sensing BM measurement can be performed even if the sensing measurement result received by the receiving UE is below a specified threshold. This measurement metric can be, for example, the RSRP, RSRQ, SIR, or SINR of the sensing resource. Other metrics can be used, or combinations thereof can be employed. The transmitting base station can use the sensing measurement results received from the receiving UE to indicate the sensing BM measurement to the receiving UE.

[0233] The above discloses the ability to use a beam used in communication as a sensing beam (BM). A method for setting up a sensing BM using a beam used in communication is disclosed. The sensing resources included in the sensing resource set of the sensing BM can be RS (e.g., CSI-RS) or SSB used in communication. As a method for setting up a sensing BM, a setting method (including measurement setting and reporting setting) using RS or SSB used in communication can be appropriately applied (see Non-Patent Document 19). This setting is sometimes referred to as sensing-corresponding communication beam setting. When using a setting used in communication for setting up a sensing BM, information indicating that it is used for sensing can be added to the setting information. Therefore, the receiving UE can recognize that the setting used in communication is used for sensing.

[0234] The beam settings for sensing and communication can be used solely for sensing, or for both sensing and communication. The same settings can be used for both sensing and communication. For example, the results measured by the UE for communication can be used for sensing.

[0235] Measurements and reports in the sensing-corresponding communication beam settings can also be performed before sensing measurements. For example, the measurement and reporting periods of the sensing-corresponding communication beam can be aligned with the sensing period. For example, the measurement and reporting periods of the sensing-corresponding communication beam can be set to n times or 1 / n times the sensing measurement period (where n is a natural number). The offsets of the measurement and reporting timings of the sensing-corresponding communication beam, as well as the offset of the sensing measurement timing, can be set so that the measurement and reporting of the sensing-corresponding communication beam are performed before the sensing measurements.

[0236] You can also set a sensing window (SW) or a sensing GAP (SGAP). Sensing measurements can also be performed in the SW or SGAP.

[0237] The measurement and reporting periods for the sensing beam used for communication can also be set to include at least the timing prior to the SW or SGAP. This setting method can, for example, be appropriately applied as described above. Measurement and reporting of the sensing beam used for communication can be performed before the sensing measurement in the SW or SGAP.

[0238] These settings can be made in the settings of the corresponding communication beam and the measurement settings of the sensor. As a result, the transmitting base station can use the measurement results of the sensing resource set utilizing the communication beam in real time and can appropriately determine the sensing beam.

[0239] Alternatively, the carrier frequency of the sensing beam corresponding to the communication beam can be set as the sensing carrier frequency. The cell of the sensing beam corresponding to the communication beam can also be set as the sensing cell. For example, the carrier frequency can be used when a cell is set up for sensing. This frequency and cell may also not be used for communication. Because it is not used concurrently with communication, the complexity of sensing processing is reduced. This frequency and cell can also be used for communication. By combining communication and sensing, resource utilization efficiency is improved.

[0240] Other sensing BM configuration methods are disclosed. This configuration is used for sensing. The settings, measurement settings, and reporting settings of one or more sensing resources are set for sensing. Existing communication settings are not used. An RS that is not an existing RS can be configured as the sensing resource. An existing RS (e.g., CSI-RS) or SSB can be used as the sensing resource. The sensing resource is configured for sensing. Because it is configured for sensing, a new RS can be configured as the sensing resource.

[0241] The configuration information for sensing resources may include RS (Resonance Range) settings. RS settings may include allocation information on the frequency axis and time axis, sequence information, orthogonal code information, etc. The configuration information for sensing resources may also include information used to identify the sensing resources, such as identifiers.

[0242] The setting information of the sensing resource can be, for example, the spatial direction information of the sensing resource. The spatial direction information of the sensing resource can be, for example, angle information (azimuth, zenith, elevation).

[0243] The measurement setup information for sensing resources includes, for example, information about the sensing resource to be measured, path information, and measurement parameters. Sensing resource information may include details used to identify the sensing resource. Path information may include the number of paths to be measured, and whether LOS or NLOS is being measured. Measurement parameters may include RSRP, RSRQ, SIR, Doppler frequency, delay, AOA, AOD, and time difference.

[0244] The reporting configuration information for sensed resources includes, for example, information about the sensed resources to be measured, path information to be reported, measurement metrics to be reported, whether the report is periodic, non-periodic, or trigger-based, the reporting period, trigger conditions, thresholds for trigger conditions, filtering information, and control channel information for reporting. The sensed resource information may include information used to determine the sensed resources. Trigger conditions may include reporting when the measurement result exceeds a predetermined threshold (e.g., it may be above a predetermined threshold). Filtering information may include information indicating whether to average multiple measurement results, or information for averaging. Control channel information for reporting may include, for example, information about the PUCCH when the transmission result is included in the UCI and reported via PUCCH. For example, it may include information used to determine the PUCCH settings, such as a PUCCH setting identifier.

[0245] Information used as a set of sensing resources can be information used to identify one or more sensing resources included in the set. Sensing resources within a set may have partially or completely identical information.

[0246] By setting the BM for sensing as a sensing setting, information not available in the existing communication settings can be set, allowing for settings suitable for sensing.

[0247] Other methods for setting up a sensing BM are disclosed. Furthermore, the above methods can be combined. For example, sensing setting information can be added to the communication settings. For instance, setting information used only for sensing can be added to the communication settings. Alternatively, setting information used only for communication can be deleted. Thus, settings suitable for sensing can be made in the communication settings.

[0248] The SF can send a request to the transmitting base station to change the BM settings for sensing. For example, the SF can initiate the request using sensing results derived from sensing measurement results obtained from the receiving UE. The SF can send this request in situations where it is difficult to determine or track the sensing target. The information included in the request may include, for example, information indicating the request, information for determining the BM settings, information about the receiving UE, sensing resource information associated with the sensing measurement results, the sensing measurement results, the sensing results, information about the sensing service, and the reason for the request. As another example, it may also include information that needs to be changed. This information may include information about the receiving UE, information about sensing resources, information about the sensing resource set, measurement setting information, and reporting setting information. For example, it may include an identifier of a sensing resource corresponding to a sensing measurement result that does not contribute to the derived sensing results. For example, it may include periodic information of the sensing resources used to improve sensing accuracy, and reporting periodic information. In addition to the information that needs to be changed, the changed setting value may also be included. This information can also be sent separately from the request to the transmitting base station.

[0249] A transmitting base station that receives a request to change the settings of the sensing BM can modify the sensing BM settings. For example, the transmitting base station may change the sensing resources used for the sensing BM to sensing resources transmitted by another beam. For instance, the change may shorten the transmission cycle of the sensing resources and thus shorten the reporting cycle.

[0250] Thus, for example, it is possible to implement change requests for sensing BM settings that take into account the sensing results derived from SF. This enables flexible control of sensing processing, improved sensing accuracy, and power saving in sensing processing.

[0251] The SF can also send sensing BM configuration information to the UE. The transmitting base station can perform sensing BM configuration and send the sensing BM configuration information to the SF. The SF can then send the sensing BM configuration information received from the transmitting base station to the UE. This transmission can utilize the interface between the SF and the UE.

[0252] The transmitting base station sends an identifier (or an identifier for a set of sensing resources) to the UE for use in the sensing BM. The UE measures the sensing resources and sends the measurement results back to the transmitting base station. The UE can use the sensing BM configuration information received from the SF for its sensing BM. Therefore, the amount of information sent from the transmitting base station to the UE in the sensing BM can be reduced.

[0253] The sensing resources used for sensing and the identifier of the sensing resources that the transmitting base station sends to the receiving UE are determined. The receiving UE measures the sensing resources and sends the sensing measurement results to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station sends the sensing measurement results received from the receiving UE to the SF. The UE can also send the sensing measurement results to the SF.

[0254] By sending the sensing beam configuration from the base station (SF) to the UE, the sensing beam can be controlled using the interface between the base station and the UE. This allows for low-latency control of the sensing beam between the base station and the UE, enabling more real-time use of appropriate sensing beams and improving sensing accuracy.

[0255] The above text discloses that SF (Surveillance Stream) can be set within other NF (Network Function), but it can also be set within the base station. Functions within a NW (Network Function) are referred to as NFs. Some or all of the functions of an SF can be set within the base station. For example, by enabling the base station to have the function of deriving sensing results from sensing measurement results as an SF, sensing results can be derived within the base station. Therefore, changes to the sensing beam settings using the sensing results can be made earlier and more easily. Appropriate sensing beams can be used more in real time.

[0256] Therefore, sensing beamforming (BM) can be performed. The transmitting base station can perform sensing BM with the UE. Since the SF does not need to set or change the beam used for sensing, it can be implemented as early as possible. For moving sensing targets, the sensing beam can also be appropriately determined, improving sensing accuracy and enabling tracking of the sensing target.

[0257] When the UE moves, it is sometimes impossible to receive sensing resources well. In this case, the method disclosed in Implementation 1 can be used. By implementing the methods disclosed in Implementation 1, such as changing the beam used in sensing, changing the receiving UE, or changing the UE, good sensing can be implemented even when the UE moves.

[0258] Implementation method 2. Due to UE movement, the cell (or base station) to which the UE is connected may sometimes change. For example, in the case of sensing BM between the base stations to which the UE is connected, if the UE moves between base stations, the processing of sensing BM becomes difficult, resulting in degraded sensing processing accuracy and the inability to track sensing targets.

[0259] This embodiment discloses a method for solving this technical problem.

[0260] Changes can be made to the UE performing the sensing BM. Changes can also be made to the receiving UE. Along with changes to the UE performing the sensing BM, the receiving UE can also be changed.

[0261] By receiving the UE's movement, a HO (Ho) is implemented from the HO source base station to the HO destination base station. If the HO from the receiving UE is successful, the receiving UE sends an HO success notification to the HO destination base station. The base station, in order to determine the HO initiation conditions, enables the receiving UE to perform communication measurements and reports.

[0262] The HO source base station sends information about the HO target UE to the HO destination base station. If the UE is a receiving UE, this information can be included in the HO target UE information. If the UE is a UE performing sensing BM (Browser Management) operations, this information can be included in the HO target UE information. The HO destination base station can identify that the HO target UE is a UE participating in sensing.

[0263] The information about the HO target UE can also include the UE's sensing measurement results using BM. These measurement results can be a predetermined number of recent measurements. The predetermined number can be statically determined by standards, or it can be notified to the UE from the base station or SF. The HO destination base station can identify the measurement results used in the sensing of the HO target UE.

[0264] The destination base station (HO) sends a notification of base station change for the HO target UE to the SF. This notification may contain information about the base station itself. It may also contain information about the HO source base station, such as its identifier. The SF can identify the HO source base station and the HO destination base station. If the HO target UE is a receiving UE, the notification may include information indicating that it is a receiving UE. If the UE is a UE performing sensing BM (Business Module), the notification may include information indicating that it is performing sensing BM. This notification can be sent using the interface set up between the base station and the SF. Alternatively, this interface can be set up between the HO destination base station and the SF. Alternatively, the notification can be sent from the base station to the AMF (Advanced Management Function), and then from the AMF to the SF. The SF can recognize that the base station of the receiving UE or the UE performing sensing BM has changed due to the handover (HO).

[0265] The destination base station (HO) can also notify the source base station (HO) that the HO target UE has successfully handed over (HO). For example, this notification can be made during the HO process. For instance, a UE context release notification can be used during the HO process. The source base station (HO) can recognize that the HO target UE has successfully handed over (HO).

[0266] The HO source base station sends a notification of base station change for the HO target UE to the SF. This notification may include information about the base station itself. The notification may also include information about the HO destination base station. Information about the base station may include, for example, the identifier of the HO source base station, and information about the HO destination base station may include, for example, the identifier of the HO destination base station. The SF can identify the HO source base station and the HO destination base station. If the HO target UE is a receiving UE, the notification may include information indicating that it is a receiving UE. If the UE is a UE performing sensing BM, the notification may include information indicating that it is a UE performing sensing BM. This notification can be sent using the interface set between the base station and the SF. Alternatively, the notification can be sent from the base station to the AMF and then from the AMF to the SF. The SF can recognize that the base station of the receiving UE or the UE performing sensing BM has changed due to handover (HO).

[0267] The HO (House of Interest) target UE sends a base station change notification to the SF (Site Provider). This notification may include information about the HO source base station. It may also include information about the HO destination base station. Information about the HO source base station may include, for example, its identifier, and information about the HO destination base station may include, for example, its identifier. The SF can identify the HO source base station and the HO destination base station. If the HO target UE is a receiving UE, the notification may include information indicating that it is a receiving UE. If the UE is a BM (Body Management Unit) performing sensing operations, the notification may include information indicating that it is performing BM. This notification can be sent using the interface set between the UE and the SF. Alternatively, the notification can be sent from the UE to the AMF (Agency Management Unit) and then from the AMF to the SF. The SF can recognize that due to the handover (HO), the base station of either the receiving UE or the UE performing BM has changed.

[0268] The SF can change the UE performing the sensing BM. For example, if the UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE moves between base stations, the SF can change the UE performing the sensing BM. The SF can, for example, use received information about the HO target UE, information about the HO source, and information about the HO destination base station to change the UE performing the sensing BM. For example, the SF can remove the HO target UE from the UE performing the sensing BM and add a new UE. The new UE can be a suitable UE for the receiving UE. The method for determining the UE performing the sensing BM disclosed above can be appropriately applied.

[0269] The SF can query the LMF for sensing-related UEs. The LMF can export the sensing-related UEs and send information about them to the SF. The LMF can send information to the SF only about sensing-related UEs that have changed. The processing method between the SF and the LMF can appropriately apply the methods disclosed above. For example, the SF can obtain the latest sensing-related UE information from the latest location information of the UE. The SF can use the latest sensing-related UE information when deciding which UE to use for sensing BM.

[0270] The SF sends a message indicating the end of sensing processing to the HO target UE. Alternatively, the SF can send the end-of-sensing-processing notification to the HO destination base station, which in turn can send the end-of-sensing-processing notification to the HO target UE. Another method is for the SF to send the end-of-sensing-processing notification to the AMF, which in turn can send the end-of-sensing-processing notification to the HO target UE. Upon receiving this message, the HO target UE terminates the sensing processing. This allows the HO target UE to terminate sensing processing even at the HO destination base station, which is far from the sensing target, thus preventing unnecessary processing from continuing.

[0271] The SF sends a message to the HO source base station indicating that the sensing processing of the HO target UE has ended. The HO source base station can recognize the end of the sensing processing of the HO target UE. For example, after the HO target UE performs a handover (HO) to another base station, the HO source base station can exclude the HO target UE from the UEs performing sensing BM or receiving UEs. This can reduce unnecessary signaling.

[0272] Figure 16 This diagram illustrates an example of a sensing BM sequence when a receiving UE undergoes a handover (HO). This diagram illustrates a case where UE#2, as the receiving UE, undergoes a handover (HO) from base station #1 to base station #2 due to movement. Regarding... Figure 15 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted.

[0273] In ST1501 and ST1560, sensing processing using a sensing BM is performed by UE#1, UE#2, UE#3, and base station #1. The case where the transmitting base station is base station #1, the sensing-related UEs are UE#1, UE#2, and UE#3, and the receiving UEs are UE#1 and UE#2 is shown. In ST1601, HO processing is performed on UE#2, base station #1 (HO source base station), and base station #2 (HO destination base station). The HO processing can use the processing described in Non-Patent Document 2.

[0274] In ST1611, base station #1 sends information about UE #2 to base station #2. This information may include, for example, the identifier of UE #2 or information indicating that UE #2 is a receiving UE. This information can be sent after the HO (Hosting Request) process has ended or during the HO process. For example, it can be included in the HO request Ack. In ST1612, base station #2 sends information about UE #2 to SF (Secure Provider Interface) to notify that the base station to which UE #2 is connected has changed. This information may include, for example, the identifier of UE #2, information indicating that UE #2 is a receiving UE, or information indicating that UE #2 has switched (HO) to base station #2. SF can recognize that UE #2 has switched (HO) from the transmitting base station (base station #1) to another base station (base station #2).

[0275] In ST1613, the SF, which has identified that UE#2 has been switched (HO) from the transmitting base station (base station #1) to another base station (base station #2), performs a change of the sense-related UE. UE#2 can be excluded from the sense-related UEs. In ST1614, the SF sends information to the transmitting base station indicating the change of the sense-related UE. This information may include, for example, information about sense-related UEs that have excluded UE#2. Thus, the transmitting base station can identify that UE#2 has been excluded from the sense-related UEs.

[0276] The transmitting base station excludes UE#2 from the sensing-related UEs. In ST1560, the sensing BM is reconfigured, and sensing BM is established with the new sensing-related UE. Sensing processing using the sensing BM is performed in ST1560.

[0277] Therefore, even if the receiving UE moves from the transmitting base station to another base station due to handover (HO), it is possible to exclude the receiving UE from performing sensing processing using the sensing BM.

[0278] In ST1621, SF sends a message to UE#2 indicating the end of sensing. This message to UE#2 is transmitted via the HO destination base station (base station #2). UE#2 is able to receive this message. In ST1622, upon receiving this message, UE#2 ends the sensing measurement and terminates the measurement of the sensing resource set of the BM. Sensing settings can also be released. Therefore, UE#2, when handing over (HO) to another base station, can end sensing, avoiding unnecessary processing.

[0279] When a UE performing a sensing BM (Browser Module) or a receiving UE hands over (HO) from a transmitting base station to another base station, the UE can terminate the sensing process. The UE can send a notification of the termination of sensing processing to the SF (Signal Server). When a UE performing a sensing BM or a receiving UE hands over (HO) to another base station, the transmitting base station can exclude the UE from the list of UEs performing the sensing BM or receiving UEs. The transmitting base station can also send a notification of exclusion of the receiving UE to the SF. Therefore, sensing processing can be terminated as early as possible during the handover (HO) of a UE performing a sensing BM or a receiving UE to another base station.

[0280] The process for a UE being handover (HO) to a transmitting base station is as follows: The UE's HO source base station sends information related to the UE's sensing capabilities (sometimes referred to as sensing ability) to the HO destination base station. This information can be sent during the HO process. The HO source base station may also send the UE's identifier, HO source base station information, and information indicating whether the HO source base station is a transmitting base station to the HO destination base station. The HO destination base station sends information about the UE's sensing capabilities to the SF. If the HO destination base station is a transmitting base station, it can send this information to the SF. The HO destination base station may also send the UE's identifier, HO source base station information, HO destination base station information, and information indicating whether the HO destination base station is a transmitting base station to the SF. The SF can then determine whether the UE being handover (HO) to the transmitting base station has sensing capabilities.

[0281] The HO source base station or the UE being handed over (HO) can also notify the SF of changes to the base station of the UE being handed over (HO) and information about the sensing capabilities of the UE being handed over (HO). The methods disclosed above can be appropriately applied.

[0282] The SF (Sensing Component) derives the sensing-related UE from the information received from the destination base station (HO) indicating that the UE has been handed over (HO). The SF can determine whether the destination base station is a transmitting base station. The SF can determine whether the UE that was handed over (HO) has sensing capabilities. For example, if the destination base station is a transmitting base station and the UE that was handed over (HO) has sensing capabilities, the SF can derive the sensing-related UE. The method for deriving the sensing-related UE can appropriately apply the methods disclosed above.

[0283] The SF sends information indicating a change in the sensing-related UE to the HO destination base station. This information may include newly derived sensing-related UE information. The HO-transferred UE may be included in this sensing-related UE information. Thus, the SF can send information about the newly derived sensing-related UE, including the HO-transferred UE, to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can use the sensing-related UE information received from the SF to perform sensing BM between the UE and the transmitting base station. The sensing BM and sensing processing can appropriately apply the methods disclosed above.

[0284] Therefore, even when the UE is switched (HO) to the transmitting base station, it is possible to perform a sensing BM that takes into account the switched (HO) UE. Sensing processing using the sensing BM can be performed.

[0285] The transmitting base station can include the UE being handed over (HO) in the UE performing sensing BM. The transmitting base station determines whether the UE being handed over (HO) has sensing capabilities. If it does, it can be included in the UE performing sensing BM. This allows for the early execution of sensing BM and sensing processing using the UE being handed over (HO). After starting the sensing BM, the transmitting base station can send information to the SF (Security Provider) related to the sensing capabilities of the UE being handed over (HO), the UE's identifier, information about the HO source base station, information about the HO destination base station, information indicating whether the HO destination base station is the transmitting base station, and information indicating that the UE is already included in the sensing BM. For example, the SF can use this information to change the sensing-related UE.

[0286] The transmitting base station can also send the number of UEs performing sensing BM to the SF. For example, it can send the number periodically. For example, it can send the number when the number of UEs changes. The transmitting base station can send information to the SF indicating that the number of UEs performing sensing BM is lower than a predetermined number. It can also send the number of UEs included in the data. The transmitting base station can send information to the SF indicating that there are no UEs performing sensing BM. Thus, the SF can identify the number of UEs performing sensing BM at the transmitting base station. The SF can also change the sensing-related UEs. The SF can use the number of UEs performing sensing BM to determine this change. For example, the SF can expand the selection range of sensing-related UEs. For example, it can increase the distance to the sensing target to select sensing-related UEs. Thus, sensing processing can continue. The SF can send a sensing termination message to the transmitting base station when there are no UEs performing sensing BM, or when the number of UEs is lower than a predetermined number. This can suppress the generation of useless sensing processing.

[0287] When a receiving UE or a UE performing sensing BM (Browser Management System) switches from a transmitting base station (HO) to another base station, the UE can notify the user that the base station has changed. If the RSRP, RSRQ, SIR, SINR, etc., from the transmitting base station are below a predetermined threshold (e.g., they may be below the predetermined threshold), the UE can notify the user that the threshold is below the predetermined threshold. When a UE switches from another base station (HO) to the transmitting base station, the UE can notify the user that the base station has changed. If the RSRP, RSRQ, SIR, SINR, etc., from the transmitting base station exceed a predetermined threshold (e.g., they may be above the predetermined threshold), the UE can notify the user that the threshold is exceeded. This UE can be a sensing-capable UE. Therefore, the user can identify whether they are present within the transmitting base station. For example, the user can remain within the transmitting base station. The user can continuously perform sensing within the transmitting base station.

[0288] Therefore, even when the UE involved in sensing moves within a small area, it can continuously perform sensing BM, which can improve the accuracy of sensing processing and track sensing targets.

[0289] Implementation method 3. The sensed target sometimes moves between cells (or base stations). For example, when the sensed target moves from the coverage area of ​​the base station used for sensing (e.g., the transmitting base station) to the coverage area of ​​another base station, sensing processing using that transmitting base station becomes difficult, resulting in degraded sensing accuracy and the inability to track the sensed target. The sensed target is sometimes not the UE. Therefore, UE HO processing cannot be simply applied to the movement of the sensed target between base stations.

[0290] This embodiment discloses a method for solving this technical problem.

[0291] You can also change the transmitting base station.

[0292] The location information of the sensing target can be used to determine changes in the transmitting base station. Alternatively, the sensing results of the sensing target can be used. For example, a change in the transmitting base station can be determined if the sensing target moves outside a specified area. For instance, the distance between the transmitting base station and the sensing target can be derived. If this distance exceeds a specified threshold (e.g., it can be above the specified threshold), a change in the transmitting base station can be determined. Thus, by using the location information of the sensing target, changes in the transmitting base station can be determined based on the movement of the sensing target.

[0293] Changes to the transmitting base station can be determined using measurement results from the beam used in sensing. Measurement results from the sensing resource set used in the sensing BM can also be used. Measurement results from the sensing beam can also be used. Changes to the transmitting base station can be determined using measurement results from the beam used in communication. For example, when a communication beam is used as a sensing beam, measurement results from the communication beam can be used. This measurement result can also be used from the UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE.

[0294] A change in the transmitting base station can be determined using measurement results from all beams used in the sensing BM. Alternatively, a change in the transmitting base station can be determined using measurement results from all UEs performing the sensing BM. For example, a change in the transmitting base station can be determined if the measurement results from all beams of all UEs performing the sensing BM are below a predetermined threshold (e.g., it could be below the predetermined threshold).

[0295] The measurement metric used to determine changes in the transmitting base station can be one of the measurement metrics disclosed in Implementation Method 1. It is not limited to one metric; multiple measurement metrics can be used. For example, RSRP or delay can be used. For example, RSRP and delay can be used.

[0296] The changes in the transmitting base station can also be determined using the measurement results of LOS and NLOS. These measurement results can be used from either the UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE. For example, a change in the transmitting base station can be determined if the LOS measurement result from the transmitting base station is greater than a predetermined threshold (e.g., above the predetermined threshold) and the NLOS measurement result is less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., below the predetermined threshold). The path of the radio wave transmitted from the transmitting base station and reflected by the target is the NLOS. On the other hand, the path of the radio wave transmitted from the transmitting base station and directly received is the LOS. Therefore, if the LOS result is good but the NLOS result is poor in either the UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE, it can be determined that the distance from the transmitting base station to the UE is short, but the distance from the transmitting base station to the sensing target is long. Therefore, by using the measurement results of LOS and NLOS to determine the change in the transmitting base station, it is possible to determine that the sensing target has moved significantly away from the transmitting base station.

[0297] The measurement metrics used to determine changes in the transmitting base station based on LOS and NLOS measurement results can be the measurement metrics disclosed in Implementation Method 1. It is not limited to one; multiple measurement metrics can be used. For example, RSRP or delay can be used. For example, RSRP and delay can be used.

[0298] In this way, by using measurement results to determine changes in the transmitting base station, it is possible to eliminate the need to sense the target's location information. There is no need to derive sensing results from sensing measurement results in order to obtain the target's location information. Therefore, changes in the transmitting base station can be detected much earlier.

[0299] The SF can detect changes in the transmitting base station. The SF can send a sensing request to the transmitting base station after the change. The SF can also send a sensing termination notification to the transmitting base station before the change.

[0300] Figure 17 This diagram illustrates an example sequence of sensing BMs when the sensed target has moved. This example shows the sensed target moving from base station #1 to base station #2. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to a different context.) Figure 15 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted.

[0301] In ST1560, sensing processing using a sensing BM is performed by UE#11, UE#12, UE#13, and base station #1. The transmitting base station is base station #1. The sensing-related UEs are, for example, UE#11, UE#12, and UE#13, and the receiving UEs are, for example, UE#11 and UE#12. The sensing BM continues.

[0302] In ST1701, base station #1 transmits the sensing resources of the sensing resource set of the sensing BM. In ST1702, the sensing-related UE performs measurements on these resources. In ST1703, the sensing-related UE transmits the measurement results to base station #1. In ST1711, base station #1 determines whether to initiate a base station change. This determination can also use the measurement results received from the sensing-related UE. For example, if the measurement values ​​of all beams used for the sensing BM and all sensing-related UEs are less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., they may be below the predetermined threshold), base station #1 initiates a base station change. The predetermined threshold can be included in the sensing configuration information.

[0303] In ST1712, base station #1 sends a message to SF indicating a request to send a base station change. In ST1721, upon receiving this request, SF sends a message to LMF requesting information on sensing-related base stations and sensing-related UEs. This request may include sensing results derived by SF. For example, it may also include location information of the sensing target. LMF derives information about sensing-related base stations and sensing-related UEs. LMF can use the sensing results received from SF in this derivation. In ST1722, LMF sends information about sensing-related base stations and sensing-related UEs to SF. Thus, SF can obtain information about sensing-related base stations and sensing-related UEs that can be used for sensing measurements of the sensing target.

[0304] In ST1731, SF uses the sensing-related base station as the transmitting base station, and then changes the transmitting base station. In this diagram, the transmitting base station is changed to base station #2.

[0305] In ST1732, SF sends a message to base station #1 indicating the end of sensing. In ST1570, the sensing process performed by UE#11, UE#12, UE#13, and base station #1 ends. In ST1733, SF sends a message indicating a sensing request to the changed transmitting base station, i.e., base station #2. The information about the sensing-related UEs in this request message can be the same information about the sensing-related UEs received in ST1722.

[0306] In ST1560, base station #2, which receives the sensing request from SF, performs sensing processing as a transmitting base station. Sensing processing using a sensing BM is performed by UE#21, UE#22, UE#23, and base station #2. SF obtains the sensing measurement results from the new transmitting base station (base station #2) and exports the sensing results.

[0307] Therefore, even when the sensing target moves between base stations, sensing processing using the sensing BM can continue at the mobile destination base station.

[0308] Alternatively, a sensing termination notification can be sent to the original transmitting base station after a sensing request has been sent to the post-modification transmitting base station. Similarly, a sensing termination notification can be sent to the original transmitting base station after the sensing measurement results are received or exported from the post-modification transmitting base station. Because the sensing BM in the post-modification transmitting base station can begin before the sensing BM in the original transmitting base station ends, the continuity of sensing processing can be maintained.

[0309] Other methods are disclosed. The transmitting base station can determine the change of its own base station. Alternatively, the transmitting base station can choose the changed base station.

[0310] The transmitting base station can send a request for sensing beamforming (BM) configuration to neighboring base stations. This request may include information about the source base station (e.g., base station identifier), sensing information, information about the UE performing the sensing BM, information about the receiving UE, and sensing BM configuration information. Upon receiving the request, the neighboring base station configures a sensing resource set corresponding to one or more beams used for sensing BM. Measurement and reporting configurations for sensing BM can also be performed. The neighboring base station sends sensing BM configuration information to the transmitting base station. Communication between the transmitting base station and neighboring base stations can use an inter-base station interface, such as Xn. The transmitting base station sends the sensing BM configuration information received from the neighboring base station to the UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE.

[0311] The sensing BM configuration information disclosed in Embodiment 1 can be appropriately applied. The method for transmitting sensing BM configuration information of neighboring base stations from the transmitting base station to the UE can be appropriately applied to the method disclosed in Embodiment 1.

[0312] The UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE performs measurements of neighboring base stations. This measurement can utilize sensing BM configuration information of neighboring base stations received from the transmitting base station. The UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE transmits the measurement results of neighboring base stations to the transmitting base station. The method for transmitting the measurement results of neighboring base stations from the UE to the transmitting base station can appropriately apply the method disclosed in Embodiment 1. The transmitting base station can use the measurement results from the neighboring base stations of the UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE to determine changes in the transmitting base station and select the changed transmitting base station.

[0313] The number of neighboring base stations is not limited to one; there can be multiple ones. Therefore, the transmitting base station can acquire the measurement results of the beams used by the neighboring base stations for sensing the BM.

[0314] The transmitting base station can determine a change in its transmission base station status using measurement results of the beams used for sensing BM from neighboring base stations obtained from the UE performing sensing BM or the receiving UE. The transmitting base station can use these measurement results to select the changed transmitting base station. For example, if the sensing target moves into the coverage area of ​​another base station, and the measurement results from that base station are good, then that base station can be selected as the changed transmitting base station. Measurement results from neighboring base stations of the receiving UE performing sensing BM by the transmitting base station can also be used. Through sensing BM, the receiving UE is appropriately changed according to the movement of the sensing target. By using the measurement results from neighboring base stations of the receiving UE, neighboring base stations suitable for the movement of the sensing target can be selected as the changed transmitting base station.

[0315] The conditions for the transmitting base station to initiate a sensing BM setting request to a neighboring base station can also be set. This can be determined statically through standards, etc. For example, it could be that all beams used for the sensing BM, or the measurement values ​​from all UEs performing the sensing BM, are below a specified threshold.

[0316] While the measurement results using the sensing resource set for sensing beamforming (BM) are disclosed, measurement results for communication purposes can also be used as other methods. For example, neighboring base stations can send communication beam settings, such as resource settings, measurement settings, and reporting settings transmitted by the communication beam, to the transmitting base station. Resources for the communication beam include, for example, RS or SSB used in communication. The transmitting base station sends communication beam setting information to the UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE. The UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE measures the communication beam of the neighboring base station. The UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE sends the measurement results of the communication beam of the neighboring base station to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can use the measurement results of the communication beam of the neighboring base station obtained from the UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE to determine if there has been a change in the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can use these measurement results to select the changed transmitting base station. By using communication beam settings, the processing can be simplified.

[0317] The transmitting base station can send a transmitting base station change request to the changed transmitting base station. The request may include information about the base station, sensing configuration information, sensing beam configuration information, sensing resource set measurement results of the UE performing the sensing beam or receiving UE (at least any one of the transmitting base station and the changed transmitting base station), sensing measurement results of the receiving UE, information about the changed transmitting base station, and sensing beam candidates in the changed transmitting base station, etc.

[0318] Upon receiving the request for modification, the transmitting base station begins sensing processing. The transmitting base station then configures the sensing beam (BM) for sensing. It is also possible to change the sensing BM settings previously sent to the transmitting base station. For example, information included in the transmitting base station's modification request can be used to change the beam used for the sensing BM. By changing to a better beam, higher precision sensing can be performed.

[0319] Upon receiving the change request, the transmitting base station determines which UE will perform sensing using the BM. This decision may, for example, utilize information included in the transmitting base station's change request. For instance, the best beam in the receiving UE corresponding to the sensing resources in the changed transmitting base station may be derived and set as the UE capable of receiving that beam.

[0320] After the change, the transmitting base station can configure measurements of the sensing resource set for sensing BM (Missing Base Station) sent to the original transmitting base station for one or more UEs within its coverage area. This measurement can be configured after sensing BM configuration has been performed by receiving a sensing BM configuration request from the transmitting base station. The UE performs the measurement and sends the measurement results to the new transmitting base station. Upon receiving the transmitting base station change request, the new transmitting base station can use the measurement results from the UE to determine which UE should perform sensing BM configuration.

[0321] After the change, the transmitting base station can also send a request to the SF to provide information about the UE performing the sensing BM. Upon receiving the request, the SF identifies the UE performing the sensing BM. The SF can also send a request to the LMF to provide information about the UE performing the sensing BM. The LMF can identify the UE performing the sensing BM and send the information about the UE performing the sensing BM to the SF. The sending and receiving of information between the SF and the LMF can be appropriately performed using the methods disclosed above.

[0322] After modification, the transmitting base station sends the sensing BM setting to the UE performing the sensing BM. The transmitting base station then sends the sensing setting to the UE performing the sensing BM. The UE performing the sensing BM measures the sensing resource set of the sensing BM. The UE performing the sensing BM sends the measurement results to the transmitting base station after modification. The transmitting base station determines the sensing beam and the receiving UE. The transmitting base station sends information about the sensing beam to the receiving UE. The receiving UE uses the received information about the sensing beam to receive the sensing resources transmitted by the sensing beam and performs sensing measurements. The receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. These sensing BM methods can appropriately apply the methods disclosed in Embodiment 1. Thus, sensing using the sensing BM is performed in the modified transmitting base station.

[0323] Upon receiving a request to change the transmitting base station, the transmitting base station may choose not to initiate sensing processing. In this case, the transmitting base station change request can be rejected and sent to the original transmitting base station. Reason information can be included in the rejection. For example, reasons could include high load on the current base station or the absence of a UE with sensing processing capabilities within the current base station. Upon receiving this rejection, the original transmitting base station can reselect the new transmitting base station from other neighboring base stations.

[0324] Figure 18 This diagram illustrates other examples of the sequence of sensing BMs when the sensed target has moved. This diagram illustrates the case where the sensed target moves from base station #1 to base station #2. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to a different topic.) Figure 15 , Figure 17 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted.

[0325] In ST1560, sensing processing using a sensing BM is performed by UE#11, UE#12, UE#13, and base station #1. The transmitting base station is base station #1. The sensing-related UEs are, for example, UE#11, UE#12, and UE#13, and the receiving UEs are, for example, UE#11 and UE#12. The sensing BM continues.

[0326] In ST1701 to ST1703, the sensing-related UE performs measurements on the sensing beam (BM) and sends the measurement results to base station #1. In ST1801, base station #1 determines whether to initiate a base station change transmission. This determination can also use measurement results received from the sensing-related UE. For example, if the measurement values ​​of all beams used for the sensing BM and all sensing-related UEs are less than a predetermined threshold A1 (e.g., they may be below the predetermined threshold A1), base station #1 initiates a base station change transmission. The predetermined threshold can be included in the sensing configuration information.

[0327] In ST1802, base station #1 sends a request to its neighboring base station (represented as base station #2 in this diagram) to request the setting of the sensing BM. Upon receiving this request, the neighboring base station performs its own sensing BM setting in ST1803. In ST1804, the neighboring base station sends a sensing BM setting response to base station #1. This response may contain sensing BM setting information.

[0328] In ST1811, base station #1 sends the sensing BM configuration information of neighboring base stations to the sensing-related UE. Base station #1, having sent this configuration information, can also send information to neighboring base stations indicating that it has sent the sensing BM configuration information of neighboring base stations to the sensing-related UE. In ST1815, the neighboring base station sends the sensing resources (i.e., BM resources) of the sensing resource set for the sensing BM. Additionally, in ST1812, base station #1 sends the sensing resources (i.e., BM resources) of the sensing resource set for the sensing BM.

[0329] In ST1821, the sensing-related UE measures the sensing resources of the sensing resource sets of the respective sensing BMs of the transmitting base station (base station #1) and the neighboring base station (base station #2). The sensing-related UE can store the measurement results. In ST1822, the sensing-related UE sends the measurement results to base station #1.

[0330] Therefore, the transmitting base station (base station #1) can not only obtain the measurement results of the sensing resource set used for sensing BM of its own base station, but also obtain the measurement results of the sensing resource set used for sensing BM of neighboring base stations.

[0331] In ST1831, base station #1 determines whether to initiate a transmitting base station change. This determination can also use measurement results received from the sensing-related UE. For example, if the measurement values ​​of all beams of the transmitting base station (base station #1) used for sensing BM and all sensing-related UEs are less than a predetermined threshold B1 (e.g., below the predetermined threshold B1), and the measurement value of a certain beam of the adjacent base station (base station #2) and a certain sensing-related UE is greater than a predetermined threshold C1 (e.g., above the predetermined threshold C1), base station #1 initiates a transmitting base station change. As another determination method, for example, base station #1 can also initiate a transmitting base station change if either of these conditions is met. The predetermined threshold can be included in the sensing setting information. If there is an adjacent base station that meets this condition, in ST1832, base station #1 decides to change the transmitting base station to that adjacent base station.

[0332] In ST1833, base station #1 sends a message indicating a request for base station change to the changed sending base station (base station #2 in this diagram). Upon receiving this message, base station #2 can determine the relevant UEs for sensing in ST1841. Alternatively, it can determine UEs within the coverage area of ​​its own base station as relevant UEs for sensing. In ST1560, sensing processing using a sensing BM is performed by base station #2, UE #21, UE #22, and UE #23. The sending base station changes to base station #2, and the relevant UEs for sensing change to, for example, UE #21, UE #22, and UE #23; the receiving UEs change to, for example, UE #21 and UE #22. Thus, the sensing BM continues.

[0333] In ST1845, base station #2 can send a message to base station #1 indicating the end of sensing. For example, this can be sent if the sensing process performed by base station #2 using the sensing BM is successful. In ST1570, the sensing process performed by UE #11, UE #12, UE #13, and base station #1 is complete.

[0334] Therefore, even when the sensing target moves between base stations, sensing processing using the sensing BM can continue at the destination base station. Furthermore, since a base station change request is made between base stations, the transmitting base station can be changed as early as possible.

[0335] By adopting this method, even when the sensing target moves within a small area, sensing BM can be performed, which can improve the accuracy of sensing processing and track the sensing target.

[0336] Implementation method 4. There are sensing technologies that do not use the methods specified in 3GPP (sometimes referred to as non-3GPP sensing), such as LiDAR, radar, Wi-Fi sensing, and cameras. UEs and base stations can also have non-3GPP sensing sensors. Therefore, UEs and base stations can acquire sensing measurement results based on non-3GPP sensing. There is a requirement to incorporate such non-3GPP sensing measurement results acquired by the UE and base station into the mobile communication network (NW) (see Non-Patent Document 33). However, since no specific method is disclosed, it is impossible to incorporate non-3GPP sensing results into the mobile communication network.

[0337] This embodiment discloses a method for solving this technical problem.

[0338] The UE sends information about its support for non-3GPP sensing to the NF (Network Function). This information can be included in the UE's capabilities. This information may include, for example, whether non-3GPP sensing is supported, the types of supported non-3GPP sensors, the types of supported non-3GPP sensing services, the types of targets that can be sensed, and the available non-3GPP sensing measurement results. The NF can be, for example, a RAN (Radio Address Provider), AMF (Advanced Management Provider), or SF (Security Provider). The UE also sends information about its support for non-3GPP sensing to the management node. The management node can be, for example, MnS (Management Service) or OAM (Operations, Administration and Management).

[0339] Therefore, the NF and management node can identify the UE's non-3GPP sensing capabilities. For example, the NF and management node that receive information about support for non-3GPP sensing can identify a UE capable of non-3GPP sensing.

[0340] SF can manage non-3GPP sensing. This includes managing non-3GPP sensing processes such as non-3GPP sensing requests, settings, and termination. SF can also function as a server for non-3GPP sensing. By configuring functions to manage sensing, sensing processes can be centrally managed, reducing the complexity of sensing procedures.

[0341] A SF (Signal Array) with non-3GPP sensing management capabilities can be configured separately from other functions within the NW (Network Wireless). This reduces processing complexity and minimizes malfunctions. Alternatively, the SF with non-3GPP sensing management capabilities can be integrated into other functions within the NW. This facilitates collaboration with other functions and reduces signaling load.

[0342] The SF sends a non-3GPP sensing request to the UE. This request may include information about sensing services, sensor types, and sensing targets. The SF also sends non-3GPP sensing configuration information to the UE, indicating the content of the non-3GPP sensing settings. This non-3GPP sensing configuration information may include measurement configuration information and reporting configuration information. It may also include an identifier for this configuration information. This configuration information may also be included in the request.

[0343] Alternatively, non-3GPP sensing configuration can also be configured by the base station. The base station can send non-3GPP sensing configuration information to the UE. The base station can also send non-3GPP sensing configuration information to the SF (Service Provider), which in turn can send it to the UE. For example, the base station can perform non-3GPP sensing configuration while adjusting radio resources with other UEs, thus improving the efficiency of radio resource utilization. The UE can also send a non-3GPP sensing configuration request to the base station. Upon receiving the request, the base station can perform non-3GPP sensing configuration and send the configuration information to the UE.

[0344] The SF can send a non-3GPP sensing configuration request to the base station. Upon receiving this request, the base station can perform non-3GPP sensing configuration and send the non-3GPP sensing configuration information to the SF. The SF can then send this configuration information to the UE.

[0345] Non-3GPP sensing configuration information may include, for example, information indicating whether at least one of the measurements and reports is periodic, non-periodic, or trigger-based. In the case of periodicity, this may include information such as period, offset, and sensing period. In the case of trigger-based sensing, this may include the conditions for initiating at least one of the measurements and reports, and the threshold used for those conditions. Non-3GPP sensing settings can be configured per UE, per UE group, or per cell. This allows for settings that take into account the resources used in communication. Alternatively, settings can be configured per sensing service or per sensor type. This allows for settings corresponding to the characteristics of the sensor, etc.

[0346] Measurement gaps can also be configured for non-3GPP sensing measurements (sometimes called N3SMG). Communication may not be performed in N3SMG. 3GPP sensing may also be omitted in N3SMG. Non-3GPP sensing settings can include information such as period, offset, and gap duration. N3SMG can be configured per UE, per UE group, or per cell. Configurations that take into account the resources used in communication are possible. Alternatively, configurations can be performed per sensing service or per sensor type. Configurations tailored to the characteristics of sensors, etc., are possible.

[0347] N3SMG can be configured by the SF. The SF can also send N3SMG configuration information to the UE. N3SMG configuration information can also be included in non-3GPP sensing configuration information. The UE can also send an N3SMG configuration request to the SF. Upon receiving the request, the SF can configure the N3SMG and send the configuration information to the UE.

[0348] Alternatively, N3SMG can be configured by the base station. The base station can also send N3SMG configuration information to the UE. The base station can send N3SMG configuration information to the SF (Service Provider), and the SF can send N3SMG configuration information to the UE. For example, the base station can configure N3SMG while adjusting radio resources with other UEs, improving the efficiency of radio resource utilization. The UE can also send an N3SMG configuration request to the base station. Upon receiving the request, the base station can configure N3SMG and send the configuration information to the UE.

[0349] The SF can also send an N3SMG configuration request to the base station. Upon receiving this request, the base station can configure the N3SMG and send the configuration information back to the SF. The SF can then send this configuration information to the UE.

[0350] By setting up a measurement gap for non-3GPP sensing measurements, coexistence with communication and 3GPP sensing processing can be easily achieved within the same NW.

[0351] The UE performs non-3GPP sensing measurements. This measurement can use received non-3GPP sensing settings. The UE stores the measurement results. The non-3GPP sensing performed by the UE is not limited to one; it can also be multiple. For example, non-3GPP sensing based on multiple sensing services or multiple sensors can be performed. For example, multiple non-3GPP settings can be applied to the UE. The UE can perform sensing based on multiple non-3GPP sensing settings. The UE is able to acquire a wide variety of sensing measurement results.

[0352] The SF sends a request for non-3GPP sensing measurement results to the UE. This request may include information about the sensing service for which the measurement results are requested, information about the sensor type, and information about the sensing target. The request may also include information about the non-3GPP sensing settings for which the measurement results are requested, such as an identifier. Thus, the UE can determine which non-3GPP sensing measurement the received measurement result request pertains to.

[0353] The UE sends non-3GPP sensing measurement results to the SF. The transmission of these measurement results can utilize received non-3GPP sensing settings. The measurement results may include information about the measured sensing service, the type of sensor, and the sensing target. The measurement results may also include information about the measured non-3GPP sensing settings, such as an identifier. Thus, the SF can determine which non-3GPP sensing measurement the received result belongs to.

[0354] Non-3GPP sensing measurement results can be transmitted together with 3GPP sensing measurement results. The non-3GPP sensing measurement results can be included in the 3GPP sensing measurement results, or vice versa. For example, if the non-3GPP sensing UE is a UE performing 3GPP sensing (e.g., a receiving UE), the UE can transmit the non-3GPP sensing measurement results together with the 3GPP sensing measurement results to the SF. The transmitted measurement results may include information indicating whether it is a non-3GPP sensing measurement result or a 3GPP sensing measurement result. The SF can identify which measurement result it is. Regarding the method of transmitting the 3GPP sensing measurement results, the methods disclosed in Embodiments 1 to 3 and Embodiment 5 can be appropriately applied.

[0355] Non-3GPP sensing configuration information can be transmitted together with 3GPP sensing configuration information and 3GPP sensing BM configuration information. Non-3GPP sensing measurement results can be included in the 3GPP sensing configuration information and 3GPP sensing BM configuration information, or the 3GPP sensing configuration information and 3GPP sensing BM configuration information can be included in the non-3GPP sensing configuration information. For example, if the non-3GPP sensing UE is a UE performing 3GPP sensing (e.g., a receiving UE), the SF can transmit the non-3GPP sensing configuration information together with the 3GPP sensing configuration information and 3GPP sensing BM configuration information. This transmitted configuration information may include information indicating whether it is non-3GPP sensing configuration information, 3GPP sensing configuration information, or 3GPP sensing BM configuration information. The UE can identify which configuration information it is. Regarding the method of transmitting the 3GPP sensing configuration information and 3GPP sensing BM configuration information, the methods disclosed in Embodiments 1 to 3 and Embodiment 5 can be appropriately applied.

[0356] The transmission of information about non-3GPP sensing between the UE and the SF can be achieved through the interface between the UE and the SF.

[0357] The Uu interface can be used to transmit information about non-3GPP sensing between the UE and the base station.

[0358] For example, RRC signaling can be used to transmit non-3GPP sensing configuration information from the base station to the UE. For instance, a new non-3GPP sensing RRC message can be configured. For example, it can be included in an RRC Reconfiguration message. Large amounts of information can be transmitted. Alternatively, MAC signaling can be used. For instance, a new non-3GPP sensing MAC signaling message can be configured. For example, it can be included in a MAC CE. A non-3GPP sensing MAC CE can also be configured. For example, it can be included in a MAC PDU. A non-3GPP sensing MAC PDU can also be configured. Transmission can be performed as early as possible. Alternatively, L1 / L2 signaling can be used. It can be included in a DCI. For example, it can also be transmitted via a PDCCH. A non-3GPP sensing DCI can also be configured. Transmission can be performed even earlier.

[0359] These transmission methods can also be combined. For example, RRC signaling can be used to send non-3GPP sensing configuration information, and DCI can be used to send non-3GPP sensing measurement requests. A large amount of information can be configured for the UE as non-3GPP sensing configuration information, and the transmission of active / deactive information for non-3GPP sensing measurements can be done earlier. For example, the timing of measurements corresponding to non-3GPP sensing services can be flexibly controlled.

[0360] Methods for transmitting non-3GPP sensing measurement results from the UE to the transmitting base station include, for example, using RRC signaling. For example, a new non-3GPP sensing RRC message can be configured. For example, it can be included in a Measurement Report message for transmission. Large amounts of information can be transmitted. As another transmission method, MAC signaling can be used. For example, a new non-3GPP sensing MAC signaling can be configured. For example, it can be included in a MAC CE for transmission. A non-3GPP sensing MAC CE can also be configured. For example, it can be included in a MAC PDU for transmission. A non-3GPP sensing MAC PDU can also be configured. Transmission can be performed as early as possible. As another transmission method, L1 / L2 signaling can be used. It can be included in a UCI. For example, it can also be transmitted via PUCCH. For example, it can also be transmitted via PUSCH. A non-3GPP sensing UCI can also be configured. Transmission can be performed even earlier.

[0361] SF exports sensing results. It can also export sensing results using non-3GPP sensing measurements received from the UE. SF can store measurement results received from the UE. SF can also store exported sensing results.

[0362] The measurement and sensing results can be stored in association with the measured UE information. Alternatively, they can be stored in association with non-3GPP sensing configuration information, information about sensing services, or information about sensor types. The SF can manage the measurement and sensing results. For example, when a specified sensing service is requested from another NF, AF, or external storage device, the SF can determine the sensing results of that service and send them to the requesting NF, AF, or external storage device.

[0363] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating a sequence example of non-3GPP sensing processing. In ST1901, the SF sends a non-3GPP sensing request message to the UEs (UE#1, UE#2, UE#3) performing non-3GPP sensing. Upon receiving this request message, the non-3GPP sensing UE performs a non-3GPP sensing measurement in ST1903. This measurement can use the non-3GPP sensing measurement settings received from the SF. In ST1905, the non-3GPP sensing UE stores the measurement results.

[0364] In ST1907, the SF sends a request message to the non-3GPP sensing UE indicating the non-3GPP sensing measurement results. Upon receiving this request message, the non-3GPP sensing UE transmits the non-3GPP sensing measurement results in ST1909. This transmission can be configured using the report settings for non-3GPP sensing measurement results received from the SF. Thus, the SF is able to acquire the non-3GPP sensing measurement results measured by the non-3GPP sensing UE.

[0365] In ST1911, SF exports non-3GPP sensing results. This export can use received non-3GPP sensing measurement results. Thus, SF can export non-3GPP sensing results using non-3GPP sensing measurement results measured by non-3GPP sensing UEs.

[0366] In ST1913, the SF sends a message to the non-3GPP sensing UE indicating the end of non-3GPP sensing. In ST1915, the non-3GPP sensing UE terminates non-3GPP sensing measurements. It can also release non-3GPP sensing measurement settings and reporting settings. This prevents the non-3GPP sensing UE from continuously performing unnecessary measurements.

[0367] You can also configure non-3GPP sensing measurement requests. You can also configure non-3GPP sensing measurement start requests and non-3GPP sensing measurement end requests. You can also configure activation / deactivation information for non-3GPP sensing measurements. For example, you can include non-3GPP sensing measurement activation / deactivation information in the non-3GPP sensing measurement request. Activation indicates the start of non-3GPP sensing measurement, and deactivation indicates the end of non-3GPP sensing measurement. These can also be configured separately from non-3GPP sensing requests, non-3GPP sensing measurement settings, and non-3GPP sensing end.

[0368] The SF can pre-send non-3GPP sensing measurement settings to the UE via a non-3GPP sensing request, and then send a non-3GPP sensing measurement request. The UE does not perform non-3GPP sensing upon receiving the non-3GPP sensing measurement settings, but performs non-3GPP sensing measurements upon receiving activation via the non-3GPP sensing measurement request. The SF can send the non-3GPP sensing measurement request before sending the end of non-3GPP sensing to the UE. The UE can end the non-3GPP sensing measurement upon receiving deactivation via the non-3GPP sensing measurement request. The UE can also maintain the sensing measurement settings and sensing measurement result reporting settings set in the non-3GPP sensing request until the end of non-3GPP sensing is received, and release these settings upon receiving the end of non-3GPP sensing. This allows for flexible control of non-3GPP sensing measurements.

[0369] The base station can send information required for non-3GPP sensing to the UE. The SF sends information assisting non-3GPP sensing to the base station. This information can be specific to each UE, each UE group, or each cell. For example, it can be specific to each sensing service or each sensor type. For example, it can be specific to each non-3GPP sensing setting. The base station sends information assisting non-3GPP sensing to the UE. This information may include, for example, information indicating the relationship between time information used in non-3GPP sensing and time information used within the NW. This transmission method can be UE-specific signaling or broadcast within the SIB. UE-specific signaling can use RRC signaling or MAC signaling. It can be transmitted via PDCCH within the DCI. The UE can then obtain this information assisting non-3GPP sensing.

[0370] Therefore, even if the UE has non-3GPP sensing sensors, the UE can still obtain sensing measurement results and sensing results based on non-3GPP sensing, and can take these results into the mobile communication NW.

[0371] The base station sends information about support for non-3GPP sensing to the UE and NF. The NF can be, for example, RAN, AMF, SF, etc. The RAN can be another base station. The base station also sends information about support for non-3GPP sensing to the management node. The management node can be, for example, MnS, OAM.

[0372] Therefore, the NF and management node can identify the non-3GPP sensing capabilities of a base station. For example, the NF and management node that receive information about support for non-3GPP sensing can identify a base station capable of performing non-3GPP sensing.

[0373] SF can send non-3GPP sensing requests to the base station. SF can also send non-3GPP sensing settings to the base station.

[0374] The SF can also configure the N3SMG. The SF can also send N3SMG configuration information to the base station. The N3SMG configuration information can also be included in non-3GPP sensing configuration information. The base station can also send an N3SMG configuration request to the SF. Upon receiving the request, the SF can configure the N3SMG and send the configuration information to the base station. For example, the SF can use N3SMGs from multiple base stations to derive an N3SMG configured in one or more base stations. The SF can then send this configuration information to that base station.

[0375] The base station can perform non-3GPP sensing measurements. This measurement can use received non-3GPP sensing settings. The base station stores the measurement results. The non-3GPP sensing performed by the base station is not limited to one; it can also be multiple. For example, non-3GPP sensing based on multiple sensing services or multiple sensors can be performed. For example, multiple non-3GPP settings can be applied to the base station. The base station can perform sensing based on multiple non-3GPP sensing settings. The base station can acquire a wide variety of sensing measurement results.

[0376] The SF can send a request for non-3GPP sensing measurement results to the base station. This request may include information about the sensing service for which the measurement result is requested, information about the sensor type, and information about the sensing target. The request may also include information about the non-3GPP sensing settings for which the measurement result is requested, such as an identifier. Thus, the base station can determine which non-3GPP sensing measurement the received measurement result request pertains to.

[0377] The base station sends non-3GPP sensing measurement results to the SF. The transmission of these measurement results can utilize received non-3GPP sensing settings. The measurement results may include information about the measured sensing service, the type of sensor, and the sensing target. The measurement results may also include information about the measured non-3GPP sensing settings, such as an identifier. Thus, the SF can determine which non-3GPP sensing measurement the received result belongs to.

[0378] The transmission of information about non-3GPP sensing between the base station and the SF can be achieved through the interface between the UE and the SF.

[0379] Although the SF has disclosed the ability to derive non-3GPP sensing results from non-3GPP sensing measurements, the UE or base station can also derive non-3GPP sensing results from these measurements. The UE or base station can then send the derived non-3GPP sensing results to the SF. Even when the UE or base station derives non-3GPP sensing results, these results can still be incorporated into the NW.

[0380] While it has been disclosed that the function for managing non-3GPP sensing is located in the SF (Sensing Function), alternatively, this function can be separated from the function for managing 3GPP sensing. This is sometimes referred to as N3SF. By separating N3SF from SF, processing optimized for non-3GPP sensing can be implemented.

[0381] The N3SF, which manages non-3GPP sensing capabilities, can be configured separately from other functions within the NW. This reduces processing complexity and minimizes malfunctions. Alternatively, the N3SF can be integrated into other functions within the NW. This facilitates collaboration with other functions and reduces signaling load.

[0382] Therefore, even when the base station has non-3GPP sensing sensors, the base station can still acquire sensing measurement results and sensing results based on non-3GPP sensing, and can incorporate these results into the mobile communication network (NW). Unless otherwise specified in these methods, the methods disclosed above may be appropriately applied.

[0383] The NW can acquire sensing measurement results and sensing results based on non-3GPP sensing performed by the UE or base station. Additionally, as disclosed in Embodiment 1, the NW can acquire sensing results obtained using sensing techniques specified in 3GPP. The NW can combine these diverse sensing measurement results and sensing results. It can provide a variety of sensing services requested from other NFs, AFs, or external storage devices.

[0384] Implementation method 5. In sensing processing using a CP, it is difficult to control performance requirements such as KPIs for sensing. To control this performance, a UP (Uploader) capable of QoS (Quality of Service) management has been proposed for use in sensing processing (Non-Patent Document 34). The establishment of a PDU session as a UP connection is disclosed. However, specific processing methods, such as how to establish a PDU session in sensing processing, are not disclosed. Therefore, the problem arises that a UP cannot be used in sensing processing.

[0385] This embodiment discloses a method for solving this technical problem.

[0386] Up connections are used in sensing processing. An up connection can be established between the UE and the SF. A PDU session can be established between the UE and the SF. The PDU session can be established via the UPF. The up connection established between the UE and the SF can be used to send and receive sensing messages between the UE and the SF. As sensing messages, not only 3GPP sensing messages but also non-3GPP sensing messages can be sent and received.

[0387] The method for establishing UP connections is made public. The UP connection establishment function is set up in an NF within the Core Network (CN). The NF can be a Service Provider (SF). An SF can also have the UP connection establishment function. It can also be another NF. For example, a new function with UP connection establishment capabilities can be created. By setting up a new function, such as an external storage device, Application Function (AF), or Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF), which can directly access this function, increased latency due to increased load from other processing can be avoided.

[0388] Alternatively, the UP connection establishment function can be set up outside the CN. For example, the UP connection establishment function outside the CN can initiate UP connection establishment processing for the SF. An interface can also be set up between this function outside the CN and the SF. This interface can be used for communication between this function outside the CN and the SF.

[0389] As mentioned above, the sensing target is sometimes not the UE. Therefore, it is unclear which UE should be established with, resulting in the inability to use UP during sensing. A method to resolve this issue is disclosed here.

[0390] A receiving UE is used to establish an UP connection. An UP connection is established between the receiving UE and the SF. A PDU session can be established between the receiving UE and the SF. There can be one or more receiving UEs. Therefore, the UP connection can be used to send the sensing measurement results measured by the receiving UE to the SF.

[0391] Other methods are disclosed. A UP connection is established using a UE performing the sensing BM. An UP connection is established between the UE performing the sensing BM and the SF. A PDU session can be established between the UE performing the sensing BM and the SF. This UE can be one or multiple. Therefore, even if the receiving UE is dynamically changed within the UE through the sensing BM, the sensing measurement results measured by the receiving UE can be sent to the SF as early as possible using the UP.

[0392] Other methods are disclosed. A primary UE is configured. The primary UE may or may not be a receiving UE. The primary UE may be a PEGC (PIN (Personal IoT Networks) Elements with Gateway Capability) / PEMC (PIN Elements with Management Capability) (see Non-Patent Document 36 TR23.700-88). The primary UE has the function of collecting sensing measurement results. The primary UE has the function of connecting to the UE performing sensing BM or the receiving UE. This connection can use an inter-UE interface. For example, PC5 can be used. Sensing messages are sent and received between the UE performing sensing BM or the receiving UE and the primary UE. The primary UE is not limited to one; there can be multiple primary UEs. For example, if all UEs performing sensing BM or all receiving UEs cannot connect to a single primary UE, multiple primary UEs can be configured so that all UEs performing sensing BM or all receiving UEs can connect to any one of the primary UEs. The sensing measurement results of all receiving UEs can be collected.

[0393] A UP connection is established between the receiving UE and the SF. A PDU session can be established between the primary UE and the SF. This allows the UP connection to transmit the sensing measurement results collected by the primary UE to the SF. For example, when there are a large number of receiving UEs performing sensing, it is unnecessary to establish a large number of PDU sessions. This reduces the processing complexity of using UP connections in sensing.

[0394] The method for determining whether a UE is sensing or receiving a BM can be, for example, the method disclosed in Implementation 1.

[0395] The method of establishing an UP connection using a UE performing a sensing BM or a receiving UE is disclosed. The UE performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE establishes a PDU session individually. When there are multiple UEs performing the sensing BM or the receiving UE, multiple PDU sessions are established. These multiple PDU sessions can also be associated. For example, information for association can be included in the information about the PDU sessions. For example, when multiple PDU sessions are established for the same sensing service, information indicating that they are for the same sensing service can be included in the information about the PDU sessions. For example, when multiple PDU sessions are established for the same sensing request, information indicating that they are for the same sensing request can be included in the information about the PDU sessions. For example, the SF can identify that the sensing measurement results received using that PDU session are measurement results for the same sensing service or the same sensing request.

[0396] Sensing requires a different QoS than communication. A method for setting QoS for sensing is disclosed.

[0397] The following are 14 examples of information regarding QoS for sensing.

[0398] (1) Horizontal accuracy of location information. (2) Vertical accuracy of location information. (3) Response time of location information. (4) Information indicating whether speed is required. (5) Speed ​​accuracy. (6) Resolution. (7) Range resolution. (8) Speed ​​resolution. (9) Delay amount. (10) Sensing service delay. (11) Refresh rate. (12) Missing detection rate. (13) False alarm rate (14)(1) to (13) combinations.

[0399] The method for configuring QoS is public. The SF receives information about the QoS required for sensing (sometimes called sensing QoS) from external devices, AFs (or sensing AFs described later), or NEFs (Network Exposure Functions). This information can also include metrics such as KPIs required for sensing. For example, external devices, AFs, or NEFs can include this information or metrics in the sensing request and send it to the SF. The SF can derive information about the sensing QoS used in the NW from the KPIs or other metrics required for sensing.

[0400] The SF (Sensing Frame) sends information about the QoS (Quality of Service) for sensing to the receiving node. For example, the SF can send this information to the receiving UE. The SF can also send this information to the transmitting node. For example, the SF can send this information to the transmitting base station. The SF can send this information to the base station serving the receiving UE. The SF can also send this information to the AMF (Agent Management Function). The AMF can then send this QoS information to the transmitting base station and / or the base station serving the receiving UE. Thus, the receiving UE, the transmitting base station, the base station serving the receiving UE, and the AMF can identify the QoS required for sensing. To meet this QoS, sensing settings and sensing measurements can be implemented, for example.

[0401] The SF can send information about the QoS for sensing to the SMF or UPF. The SF can also send this QoS information via the AMF. Upon receiving the QoS information, the SMF or UPF can, for example, use this QoS information for data transmission control in the PDU session. Control can then be performed more appropriately to meet the QoS requirements for sensing.

[0402] The SMF or UPF can derive information about the QoS for sensing used in the NW from metrics such as KPIs required for sensing. For example, the SF can send the KPIs required for sensing to the SMF or UPF. The SMF or UPF can use the KPIs required for sensing to derive information about the QoS for sensing. This is effective, for example, when sensing measurement results are transmitted using the UP. The SMF can send this QoS information to the UPF or the receiving UE. The UPF can send this QoS information to the receiving UE. The SMF or UPF can send this QoS information to the transmitting base station or the base station serving the receiving UE. It can also be sent via the AMF. Thus, the receiving UE, the transmitting base station, and the base station serving the receiving UE can identify the QoS required for sensing. To meet this QoS, for example, sensing measurements in the UP can be transmitted.

[0403] The NEF can derive information about the QoS of sensing used in the NW from metrics such as KPIs required for sensing. For example, external devices or AFs can send the KPIs required for sensing to the NEF. The NEF can use these KPIs to derive the QoS of sensing used in the NW. The NEF can then send the derived QoS information to the PCF or UDM.

[0404] An AF (Automatic Sensor) can also be configured for sensing. The sensing AF can derive information about the QoS (Quality of Service) used in the NW (Near-Warehouse) from metrics such as KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) required for sensing. For example, external devices and AFs can send the KPIs required for sensing to the sensing AF. The sensing AF can then use these KPIs to derive the QoS used in the NW. For instance, a conversion table can be set in the sensing AF to define the KPIs used in the sensing service and the QoS used within the NW. This conversion is simplified. The sensing AF can send the derived QoS information to the NEF (Near-Effective Filter). The NEF can then send this QoS information to the PCF (Potentially Required Filter) and UDM (Uniform Filter). The sensing AF can also send QoS information to the PCF and UDM, simplifying the processing.

[0405] An AF (e.g., a unified AF) can also be configured to correspond to multiple services. The unified AF can derive QoS information for sensing used in the NW from metrics such as KPIs required by sensing. The unified AF can derive QoS information for the NW not only from sensing services but also from KPIs and other services. External devices and AFs can send the KPIs required by each service to the unified AF. The unified AF can use the KPIs required by each service to derive the QoS for each service used in the NW. A conversion table between the KPIs used for each service and the QoS for each service used within the NW can be set in the unified AF. This conversion is simplified. The unified AF can send the derived QoS information for each service to the NEF. The NEF can then send this QoS information to the PCF and UDM. The unified AF can also send the QoS information for each service to the PCF and UDM. This simplifies processing. By configuring a unified AF with the function of deriving QoS information for the NW from KPIs and other metrics required by multiple services, it is no longer necessary to communicate with a different AF for each service. For example, NW can easily provide services that combine multiple services.

[0406] The SMF can request QoS information for sensing from the PCF and UDM. The PCF and UDM can provide this QoS to the SMF. The QoS information required for sensing can be, for example, the QoS rules required for sensing. The QoS rules required for sensing can be derived by the PCF. Providing this QoS information to the SMF can, for example, be done during the PDU session establishment process. The SMF can send this QoS information to the UPF or the receiving UE. The UPF can send this QoS information to the receiving UE. The SMF or UPF can send this QoS information to the transmitting base station or the base station serving the receiving UE. It can also be sent via the AMF. Thus, the receiving UE, the transmitting base station, and the base station serving the receiving UE can identify the QoS required for sensing. To satisfy this QoS, for example, sensing measurements in the UP can be transmitted.

[0407] Information regarding the QoS required for sensing can be measured. This information can be partially or fully measured at the receiving UE, transmitting base station, base station, AMF, SMF, UPF, and / or SF. Alternatively, any of the nodes, such as the SF, can derive measurement results regarding the QoS required for sensing. Based on these measurement results, it can be determined whether the QoS required for sensing is met. The SF can use this determination to implement more appropriate controls to meet the QoS required for sensing, such as changing the transmitting base station or the receiving UE.

[0408] When other nodes have derived measurement results regarding the QoS requirements for sensing, this node can send a judgment result to the SF indicating whether the QoS requirements for sensing are met. This node can request changes to desired control indicators from the SF, such as changes to the sending base station or the receiving UE. The SF can use this judgment result and the desired control indicator change information to perform more appropriate control to meet the QoS requirements for sensing, such as changing the sending base station or the receiving UE.

[0409] The SF can request part or all of the measurement information regarding the QoS for sensing from the node. This request may include, for example, information indicating the QoS for sensing to be measured. The request may include, for example, measurement configuration information, such as a measurement period. The request may also include, for example, reporting configuration information for the measurement results, such as information indicating whether the reporting is periodic or event-triggered. Additionally, it may include information about the reporting period and reporting events. The node receiving the request can send a report of the measurement results to the SF. The SF can then perform more appropriate controls to meet the QoS requirements for sensing, such as changing the transmitting base station or the receiving UE.

[0410] The SMF can request part or all of the measurement information regarding QoS for sensing from the node. The node receiving the request can send the report to the SF. For example, the SMF can request the UPF to measure part or all of the measurement information regarding QoS for sensing. The UPF can send a report of the measurement results to the SMF. Information regarding QoS for sensing can be measured in the UPF used in the PDU session established for sensing.

[0411] Multiple QoS requirements for sensing can be configured. These QoS requirements can be prioritized. For example, primary and secondary QoS can be set. When the QoS requirement of a higher-priority sensor cannot be met, control can be implemented to meet the QoS requirement of the next higher-priority sensor. For example, if SF determines that the primary QoS is not met, it can be changed to a secondary QoS. Therefore, even in harsh environments where sensing capabilities degrade, switching to a lower-priority QoS can prevent sensing processing from stopping. Sensing processing can continue with a lower-priority QoS.

[0412] Therefore, the QoS required for sensing can be set. Even if the QoS required for sensing differs from the QoS required for communication, sensing processing will still be performed to meet the QoS requirements for sensing. This can satisfy the KPIs and other indicators required for sensing.

[0413] The disclosed method described above can be used not only for 3GPP sensing but also for non-3GPP sensing. Even when using an UP connection established between the UE and the SF to send and receive messages for non-3GPP sensing, sensing processing is performed in a manner that meets the QoS requirements of non-3GPP sensing. It can satisfy the KPIs and other indicators required for non-3GPP sensing.

[0414] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating a sequence example of sensing processing using UP. It discloses a method for establishing a separate sensing UP connection for the sensing-related UE.

[0415] The SF uses sensing to determine UP connections. In ST2001, the SF uses sensing to determine UP connections. For example, it can determine this based on an increase in CP load. The SF can obtain load information from the AMF and gNB-CU. The SF can use this information to determine an increase in CP load. In ST2003, the SF sends UP information to the sensing-related UE. This information can be, for example, the SF's address and security-related information. This transmission can be performed via the AMF. NAS signaling can be used between the AMF and the UE.

[0416] In ST2005, the sensing-related UE sends a receive response to the SF regarding sensing UP information. This response may contain information such as the UP sensing-related PDU session. This information may include, for example, the UE's IP address, MAC address, and UE identifier. For instance, it may contain information about the individual DN (Data Network) used in sensing, such as DNN (Data Network Name). It may also contain information about the slice used in sensing, such as S-NSSAI (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information). This transmission can be performed via the AMF. NAS signaling can be used between the AMF and the UE.

[0417] Information about UP sensing-related PDU sessions can be obtained from the PCF. Alternatively, it can be included in the URSP (UE Route Selection Policy). This URSP can be used in the response. The UE can obtain this URSP in advance from the PCF.

[0418] In ST2007, the SF sends a setup request indicating an UP connection to the sensing-related UE. This transmission can also use the UE's IP address received from the sensing-related UE. This transmission can be performed via the AMF.

[0419] In ST2011, ST2012, and ST2013, each sensing-related UE sends a request to establish a sensing UP connection with the SF. Based on this request, sensing PDU session establishment processing is performed between each sensing-related UE, base station, AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, UDM, and SF. The PDU session establishment processing can appropriately apply the processing described in Non-Patent Document 35 (TS23.502 (Chapter 4.3.2.2)). The SF's address can be used in the sensing PDU session establishment processing. If the SF's address is an FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name), a DNS (Domain Name System) server or resolver can be used to derive the SF's IP address. The DNS server or resolver can be an EASDF (Edge Application Server Discovery Function) or a local DNS used for local SF address resolution. The UE can include the SF's address in the sensing PDU session establishment request when sending it. In the PDU session establishment process for sensing, the interface establishment process between SF and UPF can appropriately apply the N6 interface establishment method between DN and UPF.

[0420] In ST2015, the SF notifies the AMF that a sensing UP connection has been established between each sensing-related UE and the SF. In ST2017, the AMF stores information about the sensing UP connection in the UE context of each sensing-related UE. The AMF is then able to recognize that a sensing UP connection has been established between each sensing-related UE and the SF.

[0421] In ST2021 to ST2023, sensing messages are transmitted and received using a sensing UP connection established between each sensing-related UE and the SF. Sensing messages can be, for example, sensing auxiliary data, sensing requests, sensing capabilities, sensing settings, sensing measurement results, or sensing results. The UP connection can be used to transmit and receive sensing messages.

[0422] In a sensing UP connection, priority can be set according to the type of sensing message. For example, the transmission and reception of sensing measurement results can take precedence over the transmission and reception of sensing auxiliary data, sensing requests, sensing capabilities, or sensing settings. This enables the early transmission and reception of sensing measurement results and allows for the export of sensing results with low latency.

[0423] Depending on the type of sensing message, different methods can be used: either a sensing up connection or a CP connection can be used for sending and receiving. For example, a sensing up connection can be used for sending and receiving sensing measurement results, while a CP connection can be used instead of a sensing up connection for sending and receiving sensing auxiliary data, sensing requests, sensing capabilities, or sensing settings. Within the CP, signaling can be used to send and receive data via the interfaces between nodes. This reduces the amount of data sent and received using the sensing up connection.

[0424] In ST2025, SF can use sensing measurement results obtained from sensing-related UEs via a sensing UP connection to derive sensing results.

[0425] An example sequence for terminating sensing is disclosed. In ST2027, the SF sends a message to the sensing-related UE indicating a request to terminate the sensing UP connection. In ST2031, ST2032, and ST2033, each sensing-related UE sends a release request for the sensing PDU session. Based on this request, the release process of the sensing PDU session is performed among the sensing-related UE, the base station, the AMF, the SMF, the UPF, the PCF, the UDM, and the SF. The PDU session release process may appropriately apply the processing described in Non-Patent Document 35 (TS23.502 (Chapter 4.3.4)).

[0426] Although the method of sending a sensing PDU session release request by the sensing-related UE is disclosed, other NFs can also send such requests as alternative methods. For example, AMF, SMF, PCF, etc., can also send sensing PDU session release requests. SF can also send a message to the NF indicating a request to terminate the sensing UP connection.

[0427] In ST2035, the SF sends a notification to the AMF indicating the termination of the sensing UP connection. In ST2037, the AMF releases the context regarding the sensing UP connection from the context of each sensing-related UE. The AMF can identify when a sensing-related UE has not established a sensing UP connection. The AMF can manage the establishment status of sensing UP connections in each sensing-related UE.

[0428] The UE or other NF can also request the SF to use the UP connection for sensing. Upon receiving the request, the SF determines whether to perform the UP-enabled sensing processing disclosed above. For example, the UE or other NF can request UP-enabled sensing processing based on its own signaling load and UP connection status. A more suitable NW-based sensing processing can then be performed.

[0429] When a UE requests the SF to use a UP connection for sensing, the request can include information about the UP sensing-related PDU session. This eliminates the need to send a response from the UE to the SF regarding the UP sensing information (e.g., ST2005) and from the SF to the UE regarding the UP connection setup request (e.g., ST2007). This reduces signaling load. The UE can send the request to the SF for using a UP connection for sensing via the AMF. The AMF can select the SF. The AMF can also send a request to the SCP (Service Communication Proxy) for using a UP connection for sensing against the SF. The SCP receiving the request can select and route the SF.

[0430] The UE or other NFs can also request the SF to terminate the UP connection for sensing. Upon receiving the request, the SF will determine the UP connection termination process as disclosed above. For example, the UE or other NFs can request the termination of the UP connection for sensing based on their own signaling load and UP connection status. This allows for the execution of sensing processes more suitable for the NW.

[0431] A UE or NF can initiate the release process for a sensing PDU session. The SF can send a request to the UE or NF to initiate the release process for the sensing PDU session. Upon receiving this request, the UE or NF can initiate the release process for the sensing PDU session. For example, the UE or other NFs can initiate the release process for the sensing PDU session based on their own signaling load and UP connection status. More suitable sensing processing for the NW can be performed.

[0432] The SF can determine modifications to the sensing UP connection. For example, it can determine modifications to the sensing QoS. The SF sends information about the modified sensing UP to the UE. The UE can send a receive response to the SF regarding the sensing UP information. This receive response may include information about the modified UP sensing-related PDU session. The SF sends information to the UE indicating a modification request for the UP connection. The UE sends a request to the SF to modify the sensing UP connection. Based on this request, sensing PDU session modification processing is performed between the UE, base station, AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, UDM, and SF. The PDU session modification processing may appropriately apply the processing described in Non-Patent Document 35 (TS23.502 (Chapter 4.3.3)).

[0433] UEs or other NFs can also request modifications to the UP connection used for sensing from the SF. Upon receiving the request, the SF determines the modifications to the UP connection. For example, UEs and other NFs can request modification processing for UP connections used for sensing based on their own signaling load and UP connection status. This allows for the execution of sensing processing more suitable for the NW.

[0434] A UE or NF can initiate modification processing for a sensing PDU session. The SF can send a request to the UE or NF to initiate modification processing for the sensing PDU session. Upon receiving this request, the UE or NF can initiate modification processing for the sensing PDU session. For example, the UE or other NFs can initiate modification processing for the sensing PDU session based on their own signaling load and UP connection status. More suitable sensing processing for the NW can be performed.

[0435] Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating other examples of sensing processes using UP. An example of establishing a sensing UP connection between the primary UE and the SF is disclosed. (For...) Figure 20 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted.

[0436] In ST2001, it is determined that the SF, which uses UP connection for sensing, establishes a sensing UP connection with the primary UE through ST2003, ST2005, ST2007, and ST2101. The processing of ST2101 can be done by simply replacing the processing of ST2011 with the primary UE and applying it appropriately. Thus, a sensing PDU session is established between the primary UE and the SF, and a sensing UP connection is established.

[0437] In ST2105, a sensing UP connection is used between the UE and SF to send and receive sensing messages. For example, it can also be a sensing request.

[0438] Upon receiving the sensing request, the primary UE in ST2111 sends a request for sensing measurements to the sensing-related UEs (UE#1, UE#2, UE#3) included in the request. This request information may include sensing configuration information received from the SF. The sensing-related UEs perform the sensing measurements. If the primary UE is also a sensing-related UE, it can also perform sensing measurements. In ST2123, the sensing-related UEs send the sensing measurement results to the primary UE. In ST2114, the primary UE can store the sensing measurement results.

[0439] In ST2115, the primary UE uses the sensing UP connection established with the SF to send sensing measurement results as sensing messages. In ST2116, the SF exports the sensing results. This export can use the received sensing measurement results. Thus, the SF can obtain sensing measurement results from sensing-related UEs and export the sensing results. The SF only needs the sensing UP connection with the primary UE, which avoids complicating sensing processing.

[0440] The following is a sequence example of ending sensing. In ST2121, SF sends a message indicating the end of sensing to the primary UE. In ST2122, the primary UE, having received the ending message, sends a message indicating the end of sensing to the sensing-related UE. In ST2123, the sensing-related UE, having received the ending message, ends the sensing measurement. The primary UE can also end the sensing measurement if it is a sensing-related UE.

[0441] In ST2027, the SF sends a message to the primary UE requesting the termination of the sensing UP connection. In ST2131, the primary UE sends a release request for the sensing PDU session. The processing in ST2131 can be performed by simply replacing the processing in ST2031 with the primary UE's processing and applying it appropriately. Thus, the sensing PDU session is released between the primary UE and the SF, and the sensing UP connection is terminated.

[0442] Therefore, UP can be used in sensing processing. By using the sensing UP connection, QoS management in the sensing PDU session can be applied. By managing the sensing QoS, control can be achieved to meet performance requirements such as KPIs for sensing.

[0443] In this specification, a node can be a function. Alternatively, a node can also be an entity.

[0444] In this specification, it is referred to as a base station, but unless otherwise specified, it may also be a RAN node. It can be a RAN node TRP or a TP (Transmission Point). A RAN node can be a CU or a DU. A RAN node can be an IAB node. A RAN node can be a DU of an IAB node.

[0445] In this specification, the UE can be an IAB node. The UE can be the MT (Mobile Termination) of the IAB node.

[0446] In the communication system disclosed herein, one gNB constitutes one or more cells. In this disclosure, it is referred to as gNB or cell, but unless otherwise specified, it can be either gNB or cell.

[0447] In this disclosure, gNB can be either MCG or SCG.

[0448] The above embodiments and their modifications are merely illustrative, and the embodiments and their modifications can be freely combined. Furthermore, any structural elements of the embodiments and their modifications can be appropriately modified or omitted.

[0449] For example, in the above embodiments and their variations, a time slot is an example of a time unit for communication in a fifth-generation communication system. A time slot can be a scheduling unit. In the above embodiments and their variations, processing can be performed by recording in time slot units, such as TTI units, subframe units, sub-time slot units, and micro-time slot units.

[0450] For example, the methods disclosed in the above embodiments and their variations can be applied to IABs. They can be applied to communication between the IAB host and IAB nodes. They can also be applied to the processing of Uu within an IAB. Label Explanation

[0451] 202 Communication terminal device (mobile terminal) 210 Communication System 213, 240-1, 240-2, 750 Base Station Equipment (NR Base Station, Base Station) 214 5G Core Unit 215 Central Unit 216 Distributed Units 217 Control plane central unit 218 User-facing Central Unit 219 TRP 301 and 403 Protocol Processing Department 302 Application Department 304 and 405 coding sections Modulation sections 305 and 406 306, 407 Frequency Conversion Section Antennas 307-1 to 307-4 and 408-1 to 408-4 308, 409 De-escalation Department Decoding sections 309 and 410 Control Departments 310, 411, and 526 401 EPC Communications Department 402 Other Base Station Communications Department 412 5GC Communications Department 521 Data Network Communications Department 522 Base Station Communications Department 523 User Plane Communications Department 523-1 PDU Processing Department 523-2 Moving Anchoring Unit 525 Control Panel Control Unit 525-1 NAS Security Department 525-2 Idle Status Mobility Management Department 527 Session Management Department 527-1 PDU Session Control Unit 527-2 UE IP Address Allocation Department 751-1~751-8 Beams 752 Community 1100 Learning Device Data Acquisition Departments 1110 and 1210 1120 Model Generation Department 1121 Compensation Calculation Department 1122 Function Update Section 11:30 Completed learning of the model storage department 1200 Reasoning Device 1220 Reasoning Department.

Claims

1. A communication system, comprising: The base station corresponds to the fifth-generation wireless access system. as well as A communication terminal, which is connected to the base station. The communication system is characterized in that sensing processing is performed using a sensing beam between a transmitting base station (which serves as a transmitting sensing resource) and a receiving communication terminal (which serves as a receiving communication terminal). The communication terminal performing sensing beam management processing measures a set of sensing resources consisting of one or more sensing resources corresponding to candidates of the sensing beam, and sends the measurement results to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station determines the sensing beam based on the measurement results and notifies the receiving communication terminal of the determined sensing beam.

2. The communication system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After performing the handover process, the receiving communication terminal notifies the base station at the handover destination that it is the receiving communication terminal. The base station switching destination notifies the receiving communication terminal, through the sensing function managing the sensing, that a handover has been performed. The sensing function notifies the base station of the switching source of the change of the communication terminal that the sensing beam management process is being performed.

3. The communication system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The sensing function of the management sensor determines whether the transmitting base station needs to be changed based on the movement of the sensed target.

4. The communication system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, If the measurement result meets predetermined conditions, the transmitting base station decides to change the transmitting base station. The original transmitting base station sends a transmitting base station change request to the new transmitting base station.

5. A communication system, characterized in that, include: The base station corresponds to the fifth-generation wireless access system. as well as A communication terminal, which is connected to the base station. The communication terminal has the function of performing sensing measurements based on non-3GPP sensing, which is a sensing technology that does not use the methods specified in 3GPP. The sensing function of the management sensing or the base station sends non-3GPP sensing setting information to the communication terminal, indicating the setting content of non-3GPP sensing.

6. A communication system, characterized in that, include: The base station corresponds to the fifth-generation wireless access system. as well as A communication terminal, which is connected to the base station. A Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session is established between the sensing function managing the sensing and the communication terminal to serve as a user plane connection for sensing. The sensing user plane connection is used to send and receive sensing messages.

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