2d / multiview switchable lens display, display system, and method

Abstract

This disclosure discloses a method for operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lens display, comprising: providing pixels of a composite image including multi-view image content and two-dimensional (2D) image content using a source-source light-emitting display panel, and inserting a completely black pattern between alternating multi-view image content and 2D image content; and forming the composite image based on the pixels using a switchable lens array, wherein the switchable lenses of the switchable lens array are switchable between an ON state for providing multi-view image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image and an OFF state for providing 2D image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image, wherein the corresponding row of the switchable lens array is in the ON state when multi-view image content is provided in each row of the display panel, and is in the OFF state when 2D image content is provided in each row of the display panel. This disclosure also discloses a 2D / multi-view switchable lens display and a 2D / multi-view switchable lens display system.

Description

2D / multi-view switchable lens display, display system and method Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and more particularly to a method of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, and a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system. Background Art

[0002] Electronic displays are nearly ubiquitous media for conveying information to users of various devices and products. The most common electronic displays are cathode ray tubes (CRTs), plasma display panels (PDPs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), electroluminescent displays (ELs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and active matrix OLED (AMOLED) displays, electrophoretic displays (EPs), and various displays that employ electromechanical or electrofluidic light modulation (e.g., digital micromirror devices, electrowetting displays, etc.). Generally, electronic displays can be classified as active displays (i.e., displays that emit light) or passive displays (i.e., displays that modulate light provided by another source). The most obvious examples of active displays are CRTs, PDPs, and OLED / AMOLEDs. Although active displays generally exhibit attractive performance characteristics, including but not limited to high contrast and fast response speeds, they may find somewhat limited use in many practical applications due to the principle of self-luminescence.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to achieve a hybrid display mode with optimal performance, such as alternating display of two-dimensional (2D) content and three-dimensional (3D) content at a certain frequency, the present disclosure provides a method for operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, and a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, the method comprising:

[0006] providing a composite image using pixels of a self-emitting display panel, the composite image including multi-view image content and two-dimensional (2D) image content, with a solid black pattern inserted between the alternately displayed multi-view image content and the 2D image content; and

[0007] forming the composite image from the pixels using a switchable lens array, the switchable lenses of the switchable lens array being switchable between an ON state for providing the multi-view image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image and an OFF state for providing the 2D image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image,

[0008] Wherein, when each row of the light-emitting display panel provides the multi-view image content, the corresponding row of the switchable lens array is in the ON state, and when each row of the light-emitting display panel provides the 2D image content, the corresponding row of the switchable lens array is in the OFF state.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of rows of the organic light-emitting display panel is equal to the number of rows of the switchable lens array, and the gate scanning time of the organic light-emitting display panel is equal to the gate scanning time of the switchable lens array.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method includes:

[0011] While scanning the organic light-emitting display panel line by line to refresh from providing the 2D image content to providing the full black pattern, synchronously scanning the switchable lens array line by line to switch to the ON state; and

[0012] While the active light-emitting display panel is scanned line by line to refresh from providing the multi-view image content to providing the full black pattern, the switchable lens array is synchronously scanned line by line to switch to the OFF state.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method includes: refreshing the image content of the corresponding row of the light-emitting display panel from the all-black pattern to the multi-view image content or the 2D image content when each row of the switchable lens array completes state switching.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the maximum response time of the switchable lens array is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the all-black pattern and twice the LED response time of the organic light-emitting display panel.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a duration of the all-black pattern is equal to a duration of the 2D image content and a duration of the multi-view image content.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a duration of the all-black pattern is not equal to a duration of the 2D image content and a duration of the multi-view image content.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method includes: reducing the duration of the all-black pattern by increasing the driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the response time of the switchable lens array, so that the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content are increased to meet the brightness requirement of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method includes:

[0019] increasing the driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the duration of the 2D image content so that the response time of the switchable lens array from the OFF state to the ON state is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the full black pattern and twice the response time of the LEDs of the organic light-emitting display panel; and

[0020] The driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel is increased and the duration of the multi-view image content is reduced so that the response time of the switchable lens array from the ON state to the OFF state is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the all-black pattern and twice the LED response time of the organic light-emitting display panel.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the switchable lens array includes:

[0022] a first material layer having a fixed refractive index and a fixed lens of the switchable lens array;

[0023] a second material layer, the second material layer having an electrically controlled refractive index, the second material layer being in contact with the first material layer and filling a shape of the fixed lens of the switchable lens array; and

[0024] an electrode, the electrode comprising an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the first material layer and the second material layer being arranged between the upper electrode and the lower electrode;

[0025] Wherein, switching the switchable lens of the switchable lens array to the ON state comprises applying a first potential between the electrodes to place the second material layer in an electric field in a first direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index different from the fixed refractive index; and

[0026] Wherein, switching the switchable lens of the switchable lens array to the OFF state includes removing the first electric potential applied between the electrodes to remove the electric field in the first direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index matching the fixed refractive index.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, switching the switchable lens of the switchable lens array to the OFF state includes applying a second electric potential between the electrodes so that the second material layer is in an electric field in a second direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index matching the fixed refractive index, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, one of the upper electrode and the lower electrode covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other of the upper electrode and the lower electrode includes a first group of electrodes and a second group of electrodes, and the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are interleavely arranged over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, wherein the second electric potential is applied between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the upper electrode and the lower electrode respectively include a first group of electrodes and a second group of electrodes, and the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, wherein the second electric potential is applied between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes of the upper electrode and / or between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes of the lower electrode.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes each include strip electrodes spaced apart from each other, and the strip electrodes of the first group of electrodes and the strip electrodes of the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately with each other over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array.

[0031] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first group of electrodes is arranged as a first layer of electrodes and the second group of electrodes is arranged as a second layer of electrodes, wherein one layer of electrodes in the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other layer of electrodes in the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes includes strip electrodes spaced apart from each other.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a layer of electrodes among the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes that covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array has a hollow pattern.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged in the same layer, the electrodes in the first group of electrodes and the electrodes in the second group of electrodes are staggered with each other, and gaps are set between the electrodes in the first group of electrodes and the adjacent electrodes in the second group of electrodes.

[0034] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, comprising:

[0035] a self-emitting display panel configured to provide pixels of a composite image, the composite image including multi-view image content and two-dimensional (2D) image content, and inserting a full black pattern between the alternately displayed multi-view image content and the 2D image content;

[0036] a switchable lens array configured to form the composite image from the pixels, wherein the switchable lens array has switchable lenses that switch between an ON state for providing the multi-view image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image and an OFF state for providing the 2D image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image; and

[0037] a controller configured to control the corresponding row of the switchable lens array to be in the ON state when each row of the light-emitting display panel provides the multi-view image content, and to control the corresponding row of the switchable lens array to be in the OFF state when each row of the light-emitting display panel provides the 2D image content.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of rows of the organic light-emitting display panel is equal to the number of rows of the switchable lens array, and the gate scanning time of the organic light-emitting display panel is equal to the gate scanning time of the switchable lens array.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the controller is configured to:

[0040] While scanning the organic light-emitting display panel line by line to refresh from providing the 2D image content to providing the full black pattern, synchronously scanning the switchable lens array line by line to switch to the ON state; and

[0041] While the active light-emitting display panel is scanned line by line to refresh from providing the multi-view image content to providing the full black pattern, the switchable lens array is synchronously scanned line by line to switch to the OFF state.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the controller is configured to refresh the image content of the corresponding row of the light-emitting display panel from the all-black pattern to the multi-view image content or the 2D image content when each row of the switchable lens array completes state switching.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the maximum response time of the switchable lens array is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the all-black pattern and twice the LED response time of the organic light-emitting display panel.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the controller is configured to make the duration of the all-black pattern equal to the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content.

[0045] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the controller is configured to make the duration of the all-black pattern unequal to the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the controller is configured to reduce the duration of the all-black pattern by increasing the driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the response time of the switchable lens array, so that the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content are increased to meet the brightness requirement of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display.

[0047] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the controller is configured to:

[0048] increasing the driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the duration of the 2D image content so that the response time of the switchable lens array switching from the OFF state to the ON state is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the all-black pattern and twice the response time of the LEDs of the organic light-emitting display panel; and

[0049] The driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel is increased and the duration of the multi-view image content is reduced so that the response time of the switchable lens array from the ON state to the OFF state is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the all-black pattern and twice the LED response time of the organic light-emitting display panel.

[0050] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the switchable lens array includes:

[0051] a first material layer having a fixed refractive index and a fixed lens of the switchable lens array;

[0052] a second material layer, the second material layer having an electrically controlled refractive index, the second material layer being in contact with the first material layer and filling a shape of the fixed lens of the switchable lens array;

[0053] electrodes configured to deliver a voltage or a current to switch the state of the switchable lenses of the switchable lens array, wherein the electrodes include an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the first material layer and the second material layer being disposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; and

[0054] A lens controller configured to:

[0055] applying a first potential between the electrodes to place the second material layer in an electric field in a first direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index different from the fixed refractive index to provide the ON state; and

[0056] The first potential applied between the electrodes is removed to remove the electric field in the first direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index matching the fixed refractive index to provide the OFF state.

[0057] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the lens controller is configured to apply a second electric potential between the electrodes so that the second material layer is in an electric field in a second direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index matching the fixed refractive index to provide the OFF state, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction.

[0058] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, one of the upper electrode and the lower electrode covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other of the upper electrode and the lower electrode includes a first group of electrodes and a second group of electrodes, and the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, wherein the second electric potential is applied between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes.

[0059] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the upper electrode and the lower electrode respectively include a first group of electrodes and a second group of electrodes, and the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, wherein the second electric potential is applied between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes of the upper electrode and / or between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes of the lower electrode.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes each include strip electrodes spaced apart from each other, and the strip electrodes of the first group of electrodes and the strip electrodes of the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately with each other over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array.

[0061] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first group of electrodes is arranged as a first layer of electrodes and the second group of electrodes is arranged as a second layer of electrodes, wherein one layer of electrodes in the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other layer of electrodes in the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes includes strip electrodes spaced apart from each other.

[0062] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a layer of electrodes among the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes that covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array has a hollow pattern.

[0063] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged in the same layer, the electrodes in the first group of electrodes and the electrodes in the second group of electrodes are staggered with each other, and gaps are set between the electrodes in the first group of electrodes and the adjacent electrodes in the second group of electrodes.

[0064] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system, the system comprising:

[0065] processor; and

[0066] A memory storing instructions, wherein when the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes the method described in the first aspect.

[0067] In the above aspects of the present disclosure, by inserting a full black pattern into the 2D image content and the multi-view image content, and adjusting the gate scanning time and gate scanning timing of the light-emitting display panel, the maximum switching response time and switching timing of the switchable lens array, the overlap of the 2D frame and the multi-view frame is avoided, for example, the multi-view image content is displayed in the 2D mode, and good display performance of the entire screen in the hybrid display mode is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] The various features of examples and embodiments according to the principles described herein may be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like structural elements, and in which:

[0069] FIG. 1A illustrates a perspective view of a multi-view display in an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0070] 1B illustrates a graphical representation of angular components of a light beam having a particular primary angular direction in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0071] 2 illustrates a side view of a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0072] 3 illustrates a block diagram of a 2D / multi-view switchable lens system in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0073] 4A illustrates a schematic diagram of a switchable lens array in an OFF state, according to an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0074] 4B illustrates a schematic diagram of a switchable lens array in an ON state, according to an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0075] FIG. 5A illustrates a schematic diagram of a composite image perceived by a user in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0076] FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram illustrating that an OLED display is switched between a 2D mode and a multi-view mode using the control method of an LCD display.

[0077] 5C illustrates a schematic diagram of an example 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display switching between 2D mode and multi-view mode, according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0078] 5D illustrates another example 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display switching between 2D mode and multi-view mode, according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0079] 6A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a switchable lens array in an OFF state, according to an example of another embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0080] 6B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a switchable lens array in an ON state, according to an example of another embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0081] 6C illustrates a cross-sectional view of a switchable lens array in an OFF state in another example according to another embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0082] 6D illustrates a cross-sectional view of a switchable lens array in an ON state in another example according to another embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0083] 7 shows a flowchart of a method of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, according to an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

[0084] 8 is a schematic block diagram depicting an example illustration of a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system providing 2D / multi-view display in accordance with various embodiments.

[0085] Certain examples and embodiments may have other features that are in addition to or instead of the features shown in the above drawings. These and other features are described in detail below with reference to the above drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0086] Examples and embodiments according to the principles described herein provide a 2D / multi-view switchable lens display for displaying two-dimensional (2D) images, multi-view or three-dimensional (3D) images, and 2D / multi-view mixed images of mixed content, a method for operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lens display, and a 2D / multi-view switchable lens display system. Specifically, according to the principles described herein, a lens display can employ a switchable medium surrounding the lenses in the lens array of the lens display. The switchable medium (e.g., a birefringent liquid crystal medium) is used to effectively turn on and off the individual lenses of the lens array in the lens display. By turning on and off the individual lenses, an image with only 2D content, only multi-view content, or a combination of 2D / multi-view mixed content can be provided. According to various embodiments, the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display includes a light-emitting display panel and a switchable lens array. The 2D / multi-view switchable lens display can be operated in a variety of modes, including a 2D mode configured to provide a 2D image, a multi-view mode configured to provide a multi-view image, and a 2D / multi-view mixed mode configured to provide a 2D / 3D mixed image. Furthermore, according to various embodiments, the 2D / multi-view hybrid mode may include one or both of partition mixing and temporal mixing to provide a 2D / 3D hybrid image.

[0087] According to various embodiments, the multi-view mode of a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display can provide so-called "glasses-free" or autostereoscopic images, while the 2D mode can facilitate the presentation of 2D information or content at a relatively higher native resolution than that available in the multi-view mode, particularly in the case of 2D information or content that does not include or benefits from a third dimension. In this way, the composite image provided by time-division multiplexing and / or area-multiplexing 2D and multi-view modes can simultaneously provide high-resolution 2D and slightly lower-resolution, multi-view or 3D content in the same image or on the same display. Uses of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular displays described herein include, but are not limited to, mobile phones (e.g., smartphones), watches, tablet computers, mobile computers (e.g., laptop computers), personal computers and computer monitors, automotive display consoles, camera displays, and various other mobile and substantially non-mobile display applications and devices.

[0088] As used herein, a "two-dimensional (2D) display" or an equivalent 2D mode of a multi-mode display is defined as a display or mode configured to provide a view of an image that is substantially the same regardless of the direction from which the image is viewed (i.e., within a predetermined viewing angle or range of the 2D display or 2D mode). Conventional displays found in many smartphones and computer displays are examples of 2D displays. In contrast, as used herein, a "multi-view display" or an equivalent multi-view mode of a multi-mode display is defined as an electronic display, display system, or display mode of a multi-mode display that is configured to provide different views of a multi-view image in or from different viewing directions. In particular, the different views may represent different perspectives of a scene or object of the multi-view image. In some cases, a multi-view display or multi-view mode may also be referred to as a three-dimensional (3D) display or 3D mode, for example, providing the perception of viewing a three-dimensional image when two different views of the multi-view image are viewed simultaneously.

[0089] FIG1A illustrates a perspective view of a multi-view display 10 (or a multi-view mode of a multi-mode display) in an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. As shown in FIG1A , the multi-view display 10 includes a screen 12 for displaying a multi-view image for viewing. The multi-view display 10 provides different views 14 of the multi-view image in different view directions 16 relative to the screen 12. The view directions 16 are illustrated as arrows extending from the screen 12 in various primary angular directions. The different views 14 are illustrated as shaded polygonal boxes at the ends of the arrows (i.e., depicting the view directions 16). Only four views 14 and four view directions 16 are illustrated, all of which are exemplary and non-limiting. Note that while the different views 14 are illustrated as being above the screen in FIG1A , when the multi-view image is displayed on the multi-view display 10, the views 14 actually appear on or near the screen 12. The views 14 are depicted above the screen 12 merely for simplicity of illustration and are intended to indicate that the multi-view display 10 is viewed from one of the view directions 16 corresponding to a particular view 14.

[0090] According to the definitions herein, a view direction, or equivalently, a light beam having a direction corresponding to a view direction of a multi-view display, typically has a main angular direction given by the angular components {θ, φ}. The angular component θ is referred to herein as the "elevation component" or "elevation angle" of the light beam. The angular component φ is referred to as the "azimuth component" or "azimuth angle" of the light beam. According to the definitions, the elevation angle θ is an angle in a vertical plane (e.g., perpendicular to the plane of the multi-view display screen), while the azimuth angle φ is an angle in a horizontal plane (e.g., parallel to the plane of the multi-view display screen).

[0091] FIG1B illustrates a graphical representation of the angular components {θ, φ} of a light beam 20 having a particular principal angular direction, or simply "direction," corresponding to a view direction of a multi-view display (e.g., view direction 16 in FIG1A ), in accordance with an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. Furthermore, light beam 20 is emitted or emanates from a particular point, as defined herein. In other words, light beam 20 has a central ray associated with a particular origin within the multi-view display, as defined herein. FIG1B also illustrates the origin O of the light beam (or view direction).

[0092] Furthermore, as used herein, the term "multi-view" as used in the terms "multi-view image", "multi-view display" and "multi-view mode" is defined as representing a plurality of views of different perspectives or a plurality of views including angular parallax between views in the plurality of views. Furthermore, the term "multi-view" herein explicitly includes more than two different views (i.e., at least three views, and typically more than three views), as defined herein. Thus, "multi-view display" and "multi-view mode" as used herein are explicitly distinguished from a stereoscopic display or stereoscopic mode that includes only two different views to represent a scene or image. Note, however, that while a multi-view image and a multi-view display may include more than two views, as defined herein, a multi-view image may be viewed as a pair of stereoscopic images (e.g., on a multi-view display) by selecting only two views of the multi-view to view at a time (e.g., one view for each eye).

[0093] A "multi-view pixel" is defined herein as a set of sub-pixels representing a "view" pixel in each of a plurality of similar different views of a multi-view display or a multi-mode display in a multi-view mode. In particular, a multi-view pixel may have individual sub-pixels corresponding to or representing a view pixel in each of the different views of a multi-view image. Furthermore, according to the definition herein, the sub-pixels of a multi-view pixel are so-called "directional pixels" because each sub-pixel is associated with a predetermined view direction of a corresponding one of the different views. Furthermore, according to various examples and embodiments, the different view pixels represented by the sub-pixels of the multi-view pixel may have equal or at least substantially similar positions or coordinates in each of the different views. For example, a first multi-view pixel may have individual sub-pixels corresponding to a view pixel located at {x1, y1} in each of the different views of the multi-view image, while a second multi-view pixel may have individual sub-pixels corresponding to a view pixel located at {x2, y2} in each of the different views, and so on.

[0094] As used herein, a "collimator" is defined as substantially any optical device or apparatus configured to collimate light. For example, a collimator may include, but is not limited to, a collimating mirror or reflector, a collimating lens, a diffraction grating, and various combinations thereof. In some embodiments, a collimator comprising a collimating reflector may have a reflective surface characterized by a parabolic curve or shape. In another example, the collimating reflector may comprise a shaped parabolic reflector. By "shaped parabola," it is meant that the curved reflective surface of the shaped parabolic reflector deviates from a "true" parabolic curve in a manner determined to achieve predetermined reflective characteristics (e.g., collimation). Similarly, a collimating lens may comprise a spherical shaped surface (e.g., a biconvex spherical lens).

[0095] In some embodiments, the collimator can be a continuous reflector or a continuous lens (i.e., a reflector or lens having a substantially smooth, continuous surface). In other embodiments, the collimating reflector or collimating lens can include a substantially discontinuous surface, such as, but not limited to, a Fresnel reflector or a Fresnel lens that provides light collimation. According to various embodiments, the amount of collimation provided by the collimator can vary from one embodiment to another by a predetermined degree or amount. In addition, the collimator can be configured to provide collimation in one or both of two orthogonal directions (e.g., a vertical direction and a horizontal direction). That is, according to some embodiments, the collimator can include a shape that provides light collimation in one or both of the two orthogonal directions.

[0096] As used herein, "collimation factor" is defined as the degree to which light is collimated. In particular, as defined herein, the collimation factor defines the angular spread of light rays in a collimated light beam. For example, the collimation factor σ can specify that a majority of the light rays in a collimated light beam are within a particular angular spread (e.g., + / -σ degrees about the center or principal angular direction of the collimated light beam). According to some examples, the light rays of the collimated light beam can have a Gaussian distribution in angle, and the angular spread can be an angle determined by half the peak intensity of the collimated light beam.

[0097] In this document, a "multi-view image" is defined as a plurality of images (i.e., more than three images), wherein each image in the plurality of images represents a different view corresponding to a different viewing direction of the multi-view image. Thus, a multi-view image is a collection of images (e.g., two-dimensional images) that, when displayed on a multi-view display or during a multi-view mode of a multi-mode display, can, for example, facilitate the perception of depth and thereby appear to be an image of a 3D scene to a viewer. Multi-view images that provide pairs of views representing different but related viewing angles of a 3D scene consistent with being viewed by a viewer are defined as 3D images.

[0098] By definition, "wide-angle" emitted light is defined as light having a cone angle that is greater than the cone angle of view of the multi-view image or multi-view display. In particular, in some embodiments, the wide-angle emitted light can have a cone angle greater than about twenty degrees (e.g., >±20°). In other embodiments, the cone angle of the wide-angle emitted light can be greater than about thirty degrees (e.g., >±30°), or greater than about forty degrees (e.g., >±40°), or greater than fifty degrees (e.g., >±50°). For example, the cone angle of the wide-angle emitted light can be about sixty degrees (e.g., >±60°).

[0099] In some embodiments, the wide-angle emitted light cone angle can be defined as being approximately the same as the viewing angle of an OLED computer monitor, OLED flat panel, OLED television, or similar digital display device intended for wide-angle viewing (e.g., approximately ±40-65°). In other embodiments, the wide-angle emitted light can also be characterized or described as diffuse light, substantially diffuse light, non-directional light (i.e., lacking any particular or defined directionality), or light having a single or substantially uniform direction.

[0100] Various devices and circuits, firmware, software (such as program modules or instruction sets), and combinations of two or more thereof, including but not limited to one or more of integrated circuits (ICs), very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), graphics processor units (GPUs), and the like, may be used to implement embodiments consistent with the principles described herein. For example, an embodiment or an element thereof may be implemented as a circuit element within an ASIC or VLSI circuit. Implementations employing ASIC or VLSI circuits are examples of hardware-based circuit implementations.

[0101] In another example, an embodiment may be implemented as software using a computer programming language (e.g., C / C++) in an operating environment or a software-based modeling environment (e.g., MathWorks, Inc. of Natick, Massachusetts). ), which is further executed by a computer (e.g., stored in a memory and executed by a processor or graphics processor of a general-purpose computer). Note that one or more computer programs or software may constitute the computer program mechanism, and the programming language may be compiled or interpreted, such as configurable or configured (which may be used interchangeably in this discussion), to be executed by a processor or graphics processor of a computer.

[0102] In another example, a block, module, or element of an apparatus, device, or system (e.g., an image processor, a camera, etc.) described herein may be implemented using actual or physical circuitry (e.g., as an IC or ASIC), while another block, module, or element may be implemented in software or firmware. In particular, according to the definitions herein, for example, some embodiments may be implemented using substantially hardware-based circuit methods or devices (e.g., IC, VLSI, ASIC, FPGA, DSP, firmware, etc.), while other embodiments may be implemented as software or firmware using a computer processor or graphics processor to execute software, or as a combination of software or firmware and hardware-based circuitry.

[0103] In addition, as used herein, the article "a" is intended to have its ordinary meaning in the patent technology field, that is, "one or more". For example, "lens" refers to one or more lenses, and therefore, "the lens" means "the lens or the multiple lenses" in this article. In addition, any reference to "top", "bottom", "upper", "lower", "up", "down", "front", "back", "first", "second", "left" or "right" in this article is not intended to be limiting herein. In this article, the term "about" when applied to a value generally refers to within the tolerance range of the equipment used to produce the value, or may refer to plus or minus 10%, or plus or minus 5%, or plus or minus 1%, unless otherwise expressly specified. In addition, the term "substantially" used herein refers to most, or almost all, or all, or an amount in the range of about 51% to about 100%. In addition, the examples in this article are intended to be illustrative only and are presented for discussion purposes rather than in a limiting manner.

[0104] FIG2 illustrates a side view of a 2D / multi-view switchable lens display 100 in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. The 2D / multi-view switchable lens display 100 includes a display panel 102. In some embodiments, the display panel 102 may include an OLED pixel array 106 configured to generate pixels that emit light at different angles to provide an image (e.g., a composite image), as described below. In other embodiments, other suitable configurations may also be used as the display panel 102, such as, but not limited to, a plasma display panel (PDP), an electroluminescent (EL) display, an active matrix OLED (AMOLED) display, an active matrix Micro LED (AM Micro LED), an active matrix LED (AMLED), or any other suitable active light-emitting display.

[0105] In some embodiments, the OLED pixel array 106 can be configured to emit light (such as white light) into a range of propagation angles. In some embodiments, the range of propagation angles can include a continuous range of propagation angles that extends across an angular range that spans the angular viewing range of the display panel 102.

[0106] According to various embodiments, the display panel 102 may be configured to provide pixels for a composite image. In various embodiments, the composite image may include both multi-view image content and two-dimensional (2D) image content. Combining the multi-view image content and the 2D image content onto the same display panel 102 may allow the 2D image content to be presented at a higher resolution than the multi-view image content. For example, for an embodiment of the display panel 102 that produces four views of the multi-view image content, the resolution of the multi-view image content may be four times smaller than the resolution of the 2D image content. As a specific example, the composite image may include an image of a person and subtitles including text, such that the viewer can observe various different views of the person as the viewer moves within the field of view of the display panel 102. In this example, the 2D image content may include subtitles with text that may remain unchanged (e.g., have only a single view) as the viewer moves within the field of view of the display panel 102. In the example presented above, the display panel 102 may present the subtitles at a higher resolution than the image of the person, which may improve the readability of the subtitle text.

[0107] The 2D / multi-view switchable lens display 100 illustrated in FIG2 also includes a switchable lens array 108. According to various embodiments, the switchable lens array 108 can be used to form a composite image based on pixels. As illustrated, the switchable lens array 108 can include switchable lenses 110A, 110B, and 110C, collectively referred to herein as switchable lenses 110. The switchable lens 110 can be switched between an ON state and an OFF state. In the ON state, the switchable lens 110 is configured to provide multi-view image content based on corresponding pixels of the composite image. In the OFF state, the switchable lens 110 is configured to provide 2D image content based on corresponding pixels of the composite image. For example, in the OFF state, the switchable lens 110 can effectively become a transparent optical element that lacks or substantially lacks optical power. In other words, the switchable lens 110 in the OFF state allows light to pass through without or with minimal optical effect. In one or more regions of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display 100 configured to display 2D image content, the switchable lens 110 can be set to an OFF state and thereby not affect the propagation direction of light rays exiting the OLED pixel array 106. In this way, the pixels of the OLED pixel array 106 in these regions can be viewed from a continuous range of viewing directions, i.e., can be viewed within or as a 2D image within the region.

[0108] Alternatively, when the switchable lens 110 is set to the ON state, the switchable lens 110 has an optical power and is configured to affect the propagation direction of various light rays from the OLED pixel array 106 through and out of the switchable lens 110. In particular, in one or more regions of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display 100 in which the switchable lens 110 is in the ON state, light rays from the OLED pixel array 106 exit the switchable lens 110 in directions corresponding to various view directions of a multi-view image to provide multi-view image content in these regions.

[0109] According to some embodiments, the switchable lens array 108 may include a first material layer 112 having a fixed refractive index. The first material layer 112 may include the fixed lenses of the switchable lens array 108. The switchable lens array 108 may include a second material layer 114 having an electrically controlled refractive index. For example, the second material layer 114 may include a birefringent liquid crystal having or exhibiting a first electrically controlled refractive index in a first controllable state and having or exhibiting a second electrically controlled refractive index in a second controllable state. For example, the first electrically controlled refractive index in the first controllable state may be configured to match or substantially match the fixed refractive index of the first material layer 112, and the second electrically controlled refractive index in the second controllable state may be different from the fixed refractive index of the first material layer 112. In some embodiments, the second material layer 114 may contact the first material layer 112, such as along a boundary shaped with a curved portion that may determine the position of the switchable lens 110 in the switchable lens array 108. The second material layer 114 may fill or substantially fill the shape of the fixed lenses of the switchable lens array 108, for example as illustrated in FIG. 2 . In some embodiments, the first material layer 112 may be disposed between the second material layer 114 and the OLED pixel array 106. In these embodiments, the fixed lens of the first material layer 112 may be a positive lens. In other embodiments, the second material layer 114 may be disposed between the first material layer 112 and the OLED pixel array 106. In some embodiments, the fixed lens of the first material layer 112 may be a negative lens. By way of example and not limitation, in the example of FIG. 2 , the first material layer 112 is located between the OLED pixel array 106 and the second material layer 114.

[0110] In other examples (not shown), the second material layer 114 can be located between the light valve array 106 and the first material layer 112. In the example of Figure 2, the boundary between the first material layer 112 and the second material layer 114 is shaped to have a curved portion corresponding to each switchable lens 110 in the switchable lens array 108. In the example of Figure 2, the center of the curved portion is a first distance away from the OLED pixel array 106, the edge of the curved portion is a second distance away from the OLED pixel array 106, and the second distance is less than the first distance. Alternatively, the second distance can be greater than the first distance. For all of these configurations, the curvature of the layer boundary and the refractive index of the first material layer 112 and the second material layer 114 can be selected so that the switchable lens 110 has a positive optical power.

[0111] In some embodiments, the switchable lens array 108 may include a one-dimensional (1D) array of cylindrical lenses arranged parallel to each other. The cylindrical lenses may be elongated in a vertical direction (such as along the X direction in FIG. 2 ) and may direct light into multiple views 116 of a multi-view image. The views 116 may be horizontally adjacent to each other (such as having adjacent positions along the Y direction in FIG. 2 ). In some embodiments, the cylindrical lenses in the ON state may have a focal length selected so that the views 116 at a specified viewing plane 118 have a center-to-center spacing 120 corresponding to the average interpupillary distance of a person. In some embodiments, the switchable lenses in the switchable lens array 108 may be semi-cylindrical lenses. In some embodiments, the switchable lenses in the switchable lens array 108 may be convex cylindrical lenses, concave cylindrical lenses, or lenses of any other suitable shape.

[0112] In other embodiments, the switchable lens array 108 may include a two-dimensional array of lenses. In some embodiments, the switchable lenses 110 in the switchable lens array 108 may be rotationally symmetric lenses, such as lenses that are symmetric about the longitudinal axis of the lens. In some embodiments, the switchable lenses 110 in the switchable lens array 108 may be rotationally asymmetric lenses, such as anamorphic lenses. The anamorphic lens may have a first focal length along a first direction (such as along the X direction in Figure 2) and a second focal length along a second direction (such as along the Y direction in Figure 2), the second direction being orthogonal to the first direction. In some embodiments, the switchable lenses in the switchable lens array 108 may be spherical lens elements or aspheric lens elements.

[0113] In some configurations, the switchable lens array 108 may include electrodes 122 configured to deliver at least one of a voltage or a current to switch the switchable lenses 110 of the switchable lens array 108 independently of the other switchable lenses 110 in the switchable lens array 108. For example, the electrodes 122 may be configured to switch each switchable lens 110 independently of each other switchable lens. The electrodes 122 may include upper and lower electrodes configured to apply a voltage or deliver a current across a region of the second material layer 114. The region may correspond to a single switchable lens 110 or a group of switchable lenses 110. In some embodiments, the upper or lower electrodes may extend over some or all of the second material layer 114, while the lower or upper electrodes may extend over a region corresponding to a single switchable lens. According to various embodiments, the electrodes 122 may be transparent or substantially transparent, for example, the electrodes 122 may include indium tin oxide (ITO) or a similar optically transparent electrode material.

[0114] In some embodiments, the switchable lens array 108 may include electrodes 122 configured to switch the switchable lenses 110 in a region of the switchable lens array 108 corresponding to one partition of the composite image independently of the switchable lenses 110 in regions of the switchable lens array 108 corresponding to other partitions of the composite image. For some embodiments, the electrodes 122 may be configured to switch a group of switchable lenses 110 together independently of the other switchable lenses 110 in the switchable lens array 108. The electrodes 122 may include upper and lower electrodes configured to apply a voltage or deliver a current across a region of the second material layer 114. The region may correspond to a group of switchable lenses 110. In some embodiments, one of the electrodes 122 may extend over some or all of the second material layer 114, while an opposing electrode 122 may extend over a region corresponding to a plurality of switchable lenses 110, such as in a designated partition of the composite image.

[0115] In some embodiments (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 2 ), the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display 100 further includes a lens controller 124. The lens controller 124 can be configured to control the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index different from the fixed refractive index to provide an ON state. The lens controller 124 can also control the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer 114 to have a refractive index that matches the fixed refractive index to provide an OFF state. For example, the lens controller 124 can selectively provide at least one of a voltage or a current to a specific electrode pair of the electrodes 122, which in turn is configured to distribute at least one of the voltage or the current over an appropriate area of ​​the switchable lens array 108. For zone switching, the lens controller 124 can switch the switchable lenses 110 of a zone of the composite image together between an ON state for providing a multi-view image and an OFF state for providing a 2D image. In the example of FIG. 2 , the lens controller 124 is part of the display panel 102. In other embodiments, the lens controller 124 is not part of the display panel 102.

[0116] In some embodiments, the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display 100 may further include a controller 130. In various embodiments, the controller 130 may be configured to provide a video image signal or a still image signal to the OLED pixel array 106. The video image signal or the still image signal may include data corresponding to a video image or a still image that can be displayed on the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display 100. The controller 130 may be connected via a wireless or wired connection to receive the video image signal or the still image signal from a server or network. In some embodiments, the controller 130 may be configured to provide a separate video image signal or a separate still image signal for each viewing direction of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display 100. In some embodiments, the controller 130 may also control the lens controller 124. An optional eye tracker may determine the position of the user's eye 128 and provide data representing the eye position to the controller 130. In the example of FIG. 2 , the controller 130 is not part of the display panel 102; in other configurations, the controller 130 may be part of the display panel 102.

[0117] According to various embodiments, the display panel 102 of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display 100 may be configured to provide pixels of a composite image by temporal blending or partitioned blending of pixels representing multi-view image content and 2D image content within the composite image.

[0118] Temporal mixing can include time-division multiplexing of the ON and OFF states of the switchable lenses 110 of the switchable lens array 108 to time-division multiplex the multi-view image content and the 2D image content within the composite image. For example, for a particular area of ​​the composite image, the display panel 102 can temporally alternate between displaying the multi-view image content (and setting the switchable lens 110 to the ON state) and displaying the 2D image content (and setting the switchable lens 110 to the OFF state). The temporal alternation can occur at each video frame, or at another suitable time-division multiplexing rate. For time-division multiplexing rates that are higher than the response rate of the human eye, temporal mixing can be perceived as a 2D image superimposed on the multi-view image. As the observer moves within the field of view of the display panel 102, the multi-view image may change from view to view, while the 2D image remains unchanged. As an example, the OLED pixel array 106 can operate at 120 Hz, and the lens controller 124 can be configured to switch the switchable lens 110 between the ON and OFF states at 60 Hz to provide time-division multiplexing. In another example, the OLED pixel array may operate at 240 Hz, and the lens controller 124 may be configured to switch the switchable lens 110 between the ON and OFF states at 120 Hz.

[0119] Zonal mixing may include switching different subsets of the switchable lenses 110 in different zones of the switchable lens array corresponding to different zones of the composite image to an ON state for providing multi-view image content and an OFF state for providing 2D image content. For example, a first zone of the display panel 102 may be configured to provide multi-view image content, and a second zone of the display panel 102 may be configured to provide 2D image content. In some embodiments, multi-view image content and 2D image content may be provided simultaneously. As an observer moves within the field of view of the display panel 102, the multi-view image may change with different views in the first zone, while the 2D image remains unchanged in the second zone.

[0120] In the example of zoned blending, the pixels of the composite image can be grouped into mutually exclusive subsets of pixels. Each subset of pixels can correspond to a corresponding switchable lens 110 of the switchable lens array 108. The switchable lenses 110 of the switchable lens array 108 are configured to direct light from the corresponding subset of pixels to corresponding view directions of the multi-view image as view pixels of different views of the multi-view image when the switchable lenses 110 are in the ON state.

[0121] In the example of Figure 2, the switchable lens array 108 includes three switchable lenses 110A, 110B, and 110C. Each switchable lens 110A, 110B, and 110C is associated with six OLED pixels 106 of the OLED pixel array 106. The leftmost switchable lens 110A is associated with the leftmost grouping 132 of OLED pixels. The rightmost switchable lens 110C is associated with the rightmost grouping 134 of OLED pixels. The center switchable lens 110B is associated with the center grouping 136 of OLED pixels. Each of the three groups of OLED pixels corresponds to a corresponding partition of the composite image. Figure 2 shows the leftmost switchable lens as being in the OFF state (as indicated by the dotted line) and the center and rightmost switchable lenses as being in the ON state. Therefore, the leftmost partition of the composite image is presented in 2D, while the center partition and the rightmost partition of the composite image are presented in multi-view.

[0122] FIG3 illustrates a block diagram of a 2D / multi-view switchable lens system 300 in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. As illustrated, the 2D / multi-view switchable lens system 300 includes a switchable lens display 302 configured to provide a composite image including both multi-view image content and two-dimensional (2D) image content. The switchable lens display 302 may include a switchable lens array 304 having switchable lenses that can be switched between an ON state and an OFF state. In some embodiments, the switchable lens array 304 may be substantially similar to the switchable lens array 108 described above.

[0123] The 2D / multi-view switchable lens system 300 illustrated in FIG3 also includes a lens controller 306. The lens controller 306 is configured to provide a composite image using time mixing or partition mixing of multi-view image content and 2D image content. Time mixing may include time-division multiplexing the ON and OFF states of the switchable lenses of the switchable lens array 304 to superimpose the multi-view image content and the 2D image content within the composite image. Time division multiplexing may include a duty cycle that can be optionally controlled or changed to control or change the relative intensity of the multi-view image content and the 2D image content within the composite image. Partition mixing may include selectively turning on (switching on) the switchable lenses in the first partition 320 of the composite image to provide multi-view image content in the first partition 320, and selectively turning off (switching off) the switchable lenses in the second partition 322 of the composite image to provide 2D image content in the second partition 322. In some embodiments, the lens controller 306 may be substantially similar to the lens controller 124 described above.

[0124] In some embodiments, the switchable lens array 304 may include a first material layer having a fixed refractive index. The first material layer may include fixed lenses of the switchable lens array 304. In some embodiments, the first material layer of the switchable lens array 304 may be substantially similar to the first material layer 112 described above.

[0125] The switchable lens array 304 may include a second material layer having an electrically controlled refractive index. The second material layer of the switchable lens array 304 may be in contact with the first material layer and fill or substantially fill the shape of the fixed lenses of the switchable lens array 304. The electrically controlled refractive index may have a first controllable state that matches the fixed refractive index of the first material layer and a second controllable state that is different from the fixed refractive index. In some embodiments, the second material layer of the switchable lens array 304 may be substantially similar to the second material layer 114 described above.

[0126] In some embodiments, the switchable lens array 304 can include electrodes configured to selectively deliver current or voltage to switch a switchable lens of the switchable lens array 304 independently of other switchable lenses of the switchable lens array. In some embodiments, the electrodes can be substantially similar to the electrodes 122 described above.

[0127] In some embodiments, the switchable lens array 304 may include electrodes configured to selectively deliver a current or voltage to switch the switchable lenses in a region of the switchable lens array 304 corresponding to one sector of the composite image independently of the switchable lenses in regions of the switchable lens array 304 corresponding to other sectors of the composite image. In some embodiments, the electrodes of the switchable lens array 304 may be substantially similar to the electrodes 122 described above.

[0128] In some embodiments, the switchable lenses in the switchable lens array 304 can be cylindrical lenses. The cylindrical lenses can be elongated in the vertical direction and configured to guide light in directions corresponding to multiple views of the multi-view image. The views can be horizontally adjacent to each other. In some embodiments, the cylindrical lenses in the ON state can have a focal length selected so that the view at the specified viewing plane can have a center-to-center spacing corresponding to the average interpupillary distance of a person. In some embodiments (e.g., as illustrated in FIG3 ), the 2D / multi-view switchable lens system 300 can optionally include an OLED pixel array 310, which is substantially similar to the OLED pixel array 106 described above.

[0129] 4A and 4B illustrate schematic diagrams of a switchable lens array 400 in an OFF state and an ON state, respectively, according to an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. As illustrated, the switchable lens array 400 includes switchable lenses 410 that can be switched between an ON state and an OFF state (as indicated by dashed lines). In some embodiments, the switchable lens array 400 can be substantially similar to the switchable lens array 108 described above.

[0130] The switchable lens array 400 illustrated in Figures 4A and 4B also includes a first material layer 412 having a fixed refractive index. The first material layer 412 may include the fixed lenses of the switchable lens array 400. In some embodiments, the first material layer 412 of the switchable lens array 400 may be substantially similar to the first material layer 112 described above. The switchable lens array 400 may include a second material layer 414 having an electrically controlled refractive index. The second material layer 414 of the switchable lens array 400 may be in contact with the first material layer and fill or substantially fill the shape of the fixed lenses of the switchable lens array 400. The electrically controlled refractive index may have a first controllable state that matches the fixed refractive index of the first material layer 412 and a second controllable state that is different from the fixed refractive index. In some embodiments, the second material layer 414 of the switchable lens array 400 may be substantially similar to the second material layer 114 described above.

[0131] 4A and 4B also include electrodes 422 configured to selectively deliver current or voltage to switch the switchable lenses 410 of the switchable lens array 400. In some embodiments, the electrodes 422 can be substantially similar to the electrodes 122 described above.

[0132] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4A and 4B, the switchable lens array 400 further includes a switch 432 and a power source 430. In other embodiments, the switch 432 and the power source 430 may not be included in the switchable lens array 400. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 4A, when the switch 432 is off, the current and voltage of the power source 430 are not supplied to the electrode 422, no electric field is applied to the second material layer 414, and the switchable lens array 400 is in an OFF state. In the OFF state, the long axis of the material crystals of the second material layer 414 extends in a horizontal direction or a substantially horizontal direction, so that the refractive index of the second material layer 414 matches the fixed refractive index of the first material layer 412, and thus the switchable lens 410 allows light to pass therethrough with no or minimal optical effect.

[0133] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4B , when switch 432 is closed, current or voltage from power source 430 is supplied to electrode 422, generating a vertical electric field acting on second material layer 414, and switchable lens array 400 is in an ON state. In the ON state, the long axes of the material crystals of second material layer 414 extend in a direction different from the horizontal direction, so that the refractive index of second material layer 414 is different from the fixed refractive index of first material layer 412, and thus switchable lens 410 affects the propagation direction of various light rays from the display panel passing through and exiting switchable lens 410. By way of example only and not limitation, the long axes of the material crystals of second material layer 414 in FIG4B all extend in a vertical direction to indicate that the crystals have a refractive index different from the fixed refractive index. Those skilled in the art should understand that the long axis direction of the material crystals of the second material layer 414 being different from the horizontal direction may indicate that the refractive index of the second material layer 414 is different from the fixed refractive index of the first material layer 412, and the long axis direction of the crystals of the second material layer 414 in each partition may be adjusted to different directions according to various viewing directions, so that the second material layer 414 has different refractive indices in each partition.

[0134] According to other embodiments of the principles described herein, a method of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display is provided. In particular, the method of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display can have at least two modes, namely, a 2D mode and a multi-view mode, which are time-division multiplexed or time-interleaved. According to various embodiments, the 2D mode can display two-dimensional (2D) image content, while the multi-view mode can display three-dimensional (3D) or multi-view image content. Time-division multiplexing combines the 2D image content with the 3D or multi-view image content into a composite image having both 2D image and multi-view image content or information.

[0135] FIG5A illustrates a composite image perceived by a user in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. According to some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG5A , a time-division multiplexed display displays a 2D image 510 (indicated by diagonal shading) during 2D mode and displays a 3D or multi-view image 520 (indicated by horizontal shading) during multi-view mode, and as described above, 2D image 510 and 3D or multi-view image 520 are superimposed on the time-division multiplexed display by time-division multiplexing the 2D mode and the multi-view mode to provide a composite image 530.

[0136] Figure 5B illustrates a schematic diagram of an OLED display switching between 2D mode and multi-view mode using the control methods of an LCD display. As illustrated in the top row of Figure 5B, the first and third frames are expected to display 2D content, and the second and fourth frames are expected to display 3D or multi-view content, and so on. During an image update, the OLED pixel array performs gate scanning row by row based on the content to be displayed to refresh the corresponding OLED pixels across the entire screen, wherein the gate scanning time for the OLED pixel array is in the millisecond (ms) range. After receiving the gate scanning signal, the OLED pixels emit light under the action of the electric field, wherein the OLED LED response time from receiving the gate scanning signal to emitting light is in the microsecond (μm) range. In other words, the OLED pixels immediately emit light to display the content data after receiving the scanning signal. On the other hand, the response time of the switchable lens array (e.g., SRS+ unit) to switch between the ON and OFF states is in the millisecond (ms) range. Therefore, during the period when the switchable lens array switches from the OFF state to the ON state and the period when the switchable lens array switches from the ON state to the OFF state, the OLED pixels in the OLED pixel array essentially continuously emit light, resulting in the 2D content and 3D or multi-view content being constantly visible. The switchable lens array cannot properly guide the light from the OLED pixel array, and thus cannot display the correct image content on the switchable lens display. In other words, during the period when the OLED pixel array is gate-scanning, the 2D content and 3D or multi-view content will always be displayed overlapping. Therefore, when using the control method of LCD displays to control OLED displays, it is impossible to avoid abnormal display processes and cannot achieve a good 2D / multi-view mixed image.

[0137] Figure 5C illustrates a schematic diagram of an example 2D / multi-view switchable lens display switching between 2D mode and multi-view mode according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. In the example of Figure 5C, the OLED pixel array alternately displays 2D content and 3D content at 120Hz, and the switchable lens of the switchable lens array switches between the ON state and the OFF state at 60Hz. For example, the frequency of providing the composite image is 60Hz, and the frequency of alternating between the first 2D frame and the second 3D frame is 120Hz (i.e., the frame period is 8.33ms). In the example of Figure 5C, a subframe providing all-black data is inserted between the subframe providing 2D data and the subframe providing 3D data so that the SRS+ unit completes the state switching during the subframe providing all-black data. As can be seen from Figure 5C, when each row of the OLED pixel array provides 3D data, the corresponding row of the SRS+ unit is in the "ON" state, and when each row of the OLED pixel array provides 2D data, the corresponding row of the SRS+ unit is in the "OFF" state. Therefore, changes in image data provided by the OLED pixel array match changes in the SRS+ unit, and the SRS+ unit can correctly direct light from the OLED pixel array when the OLED pixel array provides 2D data and 3D data.

[0138] In some embodiments, the number of rows of the OLED pixel array can be equal to the number of rows of the SRS+ unit, and the gate scan time of the OLED pixel array can be equal to the gate scan time of the SRS+ unit to achieve optimal matching between changes in image data and changes in the SRS+ unit. In other embodiments, the gate scan time of the OLED pixel array can be different from the gate scan time of the SRS+ unit, as long as the SRS+ unit can correctly guide light from the OLED pixel array, that is, the SRS+ unit is in the ON state when providing 3D data and is in the OFF state when providing 2D data.

[0139] In the example of FIG. 5C , while the OLED pixel array is being scanned row by row to refresh from providing 2D image content to providing a full black pattern, the SRS+ cells are synchronously scanned row by row to switch to an ON state; and while the OLED pixel array is being scanned row by row to refresh from providing multi-view image content to providing a full black pattern, the SRS+ cells are synchronously scanned row by row to switch to an OFF state. Through such control, the LED response time and the subframe providing a full black pattern are fully utilized to complete the liquid crystal (LC) response of the SRS+ cells. In some embodiments, the image content of the corresponding row of the OLED pixel array can be refreshed from a full black pattern to multi-view image content or 2D image content when each row of the SRS+ cells completes the state switching. In some embodiments, each row of the OLED pixel array can be refreshed from a full black pattern to multi-view image content or 2D image content without immediately refreshing from a full black pattern to multi-view image content or 2D image content when the corresponding row of the SRS+ cells completes the state switching.

[0140] In the example of FIG5C , the duration of the all-black pattern, the duration of the 2D image content, and the duration of the multi-view image content are all 4.17 ms. This control is relatively simple. However, in other embodiments, the OLED pixel array can be controlled so that the duration of the all-black pattern is not equal to the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content.

[0141] For example, FIG5D illustrates another example 2D / multi-view switchable lens display switching between 2D mode and multi-view mode according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. As shown in FIG5D , compared to the example of FIG5C , the driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel is increased (i.e., the gate scanning time of the OLED pixel array is reduced) and the maximum switching response time T of the SRS+ unit is reduced. SRS_MAX (i.e., the duration of the all-black pattern of the OLED pixel array is reduced), so that the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the 3D image content are increased to increase the lighting time of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, thereby meeting the minimum brightness requirement of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display. In the example of FIG5D , the frame period of the subframe providing 2D data / 3D data of the OLED pixel array is 5.56 ms; however, in other examples, the frame period of the subframe providing 2D data / 3D data of the OLED pixel array can be other suitable values.

[0142] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that while FIG5C and FIG5D illustrate, by way of non-limiting example, an embodiment in which the OLED pixel array (and therefore the display panel) is refreshed at 120 Hz and the SRS+ unit switches between the ON and OFF states at 60 Hz, in other embodiments, the OLED pixel array may have other refresh frequencies, and the SRS+ unit may switch between the ON and OFF states at half the refresh frequency. In some examples, the OLED pixel array may operate at 180 Hz, and the SRS+ unit may switch between the ON and OFF states at 90 Hz.

[0143] 2D / multi-view switchable lens displays have brightness requirements on the one hand, and on the other hand are limited by the maximum switching response time T of the SRS+ unit in order to correctly display the mixed image content. SRS_MAX Limitation. In some embodiments, the lighting time of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display can be increased and the subframe providing the all-black pattern available for the SRS+ unit to switch in response can be extended by reducing the refresh frequency at which the OLED pixel array alternates between 2D images and multi-view images, thereby extending the frame period T. It should be noted that the refresh frequency at which the OLED pixel array alternates between 2D images and multi-view images needs to at least exceed the visual persistence of the viewer using the display, so that each of the 2D image content and the multi-view image content appears to the user to be constantly present and there is no perceptible flicker in the composite image. For each of the 2D mode and the multi-view mode, a switching rate of at least about 60 Hz (i.e., a refresh frequency of about 120 Hz) will provide this visual persistence target (i.e., about 1 millisecond or less in each mode).

[0144] Although FIG5D shows an example of shortening the subframe of the all-black pattern of the OLED pixel array while keeping the frame period T unchanged relative to the example of FIG5C , in some embodiments (not shown), the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the 3D image content may be shortened while the lighting time of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display meets the requirements to provide sufficient time to complete the switching response of the SRS+ unit.

[0145] In some embodiments, OLEDs with higher peak currents can be selected to reduce the minimum on-time required for the OLED pixel array. In other embodiments, a brightness enhancement film and / or dual brightness enhancement films can be provided to lower the minimum brightness requirement of the display panel, thereby reducing the minimum on-time required for the OLED pixel array.

[0146] As shown in FIG5C and FIG5D , in order to display the correct image content, the maximum switching response time T of the SRS+ unit is SRS_MAX , the display time T of the full black pattern of the OLED pixel arrayBLK and the OLED response time T of the OLED pixel array OLED_RESP It complies with the following formula (1): T SRS_MAX ≦T BLK +2T OLED_RESP (1).

[0147] As shown in FIG5C and FIG5D , formula (1) is applicable to 2D frames and 3D frames, that is, the maximum switching response time T SRS_MAX Indicates the maximum response time between the SRS+ unit switching from the ON state to the OFF state and the response time between the OFF state to the ON state.

[0148] In some embodiments, the switching response time of the switchable lens from the OFF state to the ON state can be shortened by adopting a fast-switching LC overdrive technology, for example, by delivering a voltage or current to the electrodes of the switchable lens array as shown in FIG4B to generate a vertical electric field acting on the second material layer, so as to satisfy formula (1).

[0149] As described above, by adopting a fast-switching LC overdrive technology, the switching response time of the switchable lens from the OFF state to the ON state can be shortened. Due to the response characteristics of the liquid crystal, the switching response time of the switchable lens from the OFF state to the ON state can be different from the switching response time of the switchable lens from the ON state to the OFF state, so that the duration of the switchable lens array in the ON state is different from the duration of the switchable lens array in the OFF state. Therefore, in some embodiments (not shown), the duration of the OLED pixel array providing 2D image content and the duration of providing 3D / multi-view image content can be set to be different, that is, the OLED pixel array is illuminated for different periods of time in 2D frames and 3D frames.

[0150] In addition, in some embodiments, the switching response time of the switchable lens from the ON state to the OFF state can be shortened by adopting an overdriving technique of a fast-switching LC. In the embodiments illustrated in Figures 5B to 5D, the term "switchable lens array" can be used interchangeably with "SRS+ unit".

[0151] In order to shorten the switching response time of the switchable lens from the ON state to the OFF state, the present disclosure proposes a new structure of the switchable lens array. Figures 6A and 6B illustrate cross-sectional views of a switchable lens array 600 in the OFF state and the ON state, respectively, according to an example of another embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. Similar to the switchable lens array 400 illustrated in Figures 4A and 4B, the switchable lens array 600 illustrated in Figures 6A and 6B includes a switchable lens 610 that can be switched between the ON state and the OFF state (as indicated by the dotted line), a first material layer 612 having a fixed refractive index, and a second material layer 614 having an electrically controlled refractive index. Unlike the switchable lens array 400 illustrated in Figures 4A and 4B , the switchable lens array 600 illustrated in Figures 6A and 6B includes an upper electrode 622 and lower electrodes 624 and 626. The lower electrodes 624 and 626 comprise two layers of electrodes. The first layer of electrodes 624 and the second layer of electrodes 626 each comprise strip electrodes spaced apart from one another. The strip electrodes of the first layer of electrodes 624 are shorted to one another, and the strip electrodes of the second layer of electrodes 626 are shorted to one another. The strip electrodes of the first layer of electrodes 624 and the strip electrodes of the second layer of electrodes 626 are arranged in an interlaced manner. In other embodiments, the electrodes in the first layer of electrodes 624 and the second layer of electrodes 626 can be electrodes of other shapes arranged in an interlaced manner. In the embodiment of Figures 6A and 6B , an insulating layer 628 is provided between the first layer of electrodes 624 and the second layer of electrodes 626.

[0152] The switchable lens array 600 illustrated in Figures 6A and 6B further includes a first power source 630, a first switch 632, a second power source 634, and a second switch 636. The first switch 632 controls the return path of the first power source 630, and the second switch 636 controls the return path of the second power source 634. The second switch 636 is a double-contact switch. In other embodiments, the first power source 630, the first switch 632, the second power source 634, and the second switch 636 may not be included in the switchable lens array 600. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 6A, when the switchable lens array 600 is switched to the OFF state, the first switch 632 is disconnected and the second switch 636 is switched to a contact connected to the second power source 634. The voltage and current of the first power source 630 are not supplied between the upper electrode 622 and the lower electrodes 624, 626, and the voltage or current of the second power source 634 is supplied between the first layer electrode 624 and the second layer electrode 626. Therefore, a horizontal electric field is formed between the strip electrodes of the first layer electrode 624 and the strip electrodes of the second layer electrode 626. This horizontal electric field forces the long axis extension direction of the material crystals in the second material layer 614 to rotate horizontally, so that the refractive index of the second material layer 614 matches the fixed refractive index of the first material layer 612, thereby providing an OFF state. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6B , when the switchable lens array 600 is switched to the ON state, the first switch 632 is closed and the second switch 636 is switched to another contact point. The voltage and current of the second power supply 634 are not provided between the first layer electrode 624 and the second layer electrode 626, and the first layer electrode 624 and the second layer electrode 626 are short-circuited. Instead, the voltage or current of the first power supply 630 is provided between the upper electrode 622 and the lower electrode (the first layer electrode 624 and the second layer electrode 626). Therefore, a vertical electric field is formed between the upper electrode 622 and the lower electrodes 624 and 626. This vertical electric field forces the long axis extension direction of the material crystals in the second material layer 614 to rotate to a vertical direction, so that the refractive index of the second material layer 614 is different from the fixed refractive index of the first material layer 612, thereby providing an ON state. By way of example only and not limitation, the long axes of the material crystals in the second material layer 414 in FIG. 6B all extend in a vertical direction to indicate that the crystals have a refractive index different from the fixed refractive index. Those skilled in the art will understand that the long axis direction of the material crystals in the second material layer 614 being different from the horizontal direction can indicate that the refractive index of the second material layer 414 is different from the fixed refractive index of the first material layer 612. The long axis direction of the crystals in each partition of the second material layer 614 can be adjusted to different directions according to various viewing directions, so that the second material layer 614 has different refractive indices in each partition.

[0153] In other embodiments (not shown), the switchable lens array includes an upper electrode and a lower electrode, wherein the upper electrode comprises two layers of electrodes with an insulating layer interposed therebetween, the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes each comprising strip electrodes spaced apart from each other, the strip electrodes of the first layer of electrodes being short-circuited to each other, the strip electrodes of the second layer of electrodes being short-circuited to each other, and the strip electrodes of the first layer of electrodes and the strip electrodes of the second layer of electrodes being arranged in an alternating pattern. In some embodiments, a voltage from a first power supply is applied between the lower electrode and the first and second layers of electrodes of the upper electrode to generate a vertical electric field, while a voltage from a second power supply is applied between the first and second layers of electrodes of the upper electrode to generate a horizontal electric field.

[0154] In other embodiments (not shown), the switchable lens array includes an upper electrode and a lower electrode, wherein the upper electrode and the lower electrode each include two layers of electrodes with an insulating layer disposed therebetween, the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes each include strip electrodes spaced apart from each other, the strip electrodes of the first layer of electrodes and the strip electrodes of the second layer of electrodes are arranged in an alternating pattern, the strip electrodes of the first layer of electrodes of the upper electrode are short-circuited to each other, the strip electrodes of the second layer of electrodes of the upper electrode are short-circuited to each other, and the strip electrodes of the first layer of electrodes of the lower electrode are short-circuited to each other, and the strip electrodes of the second layer of electrodes of the lower electrode are short-circuited to each other. In some embodiments, a voltage from a first power supply is applied between the first and second layers of electrodes of the upper electrode and the first and second layers of electrodes of the lower electrode to generate a vertical electric field, and a voltage from a second power supply is applied between the first and second layers of electrodes of the upper electrode and / or between the first and second layers of electrodes of the lower electrode to generate a horizontal electric field.

[0155] In other embodiments (not shown), one of the two layers of electrodes provided with an insulating layer may cover the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other layer of electrodes may include spaced-apart strip electrodes. In some embodiments (not shown), the layer of electrodes covering the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array may include a hollow pattern. In some embodiments, the shapes of the two layers of electrodes may be optimized as needed, and the two layers of electrodes may be configured into any suitable shape that can generate a desired horizontal electric field.

[0156] 6C and 6D illustrate cross-sectional views of a switchable lens array 600 in an OFF state and an ON state, respectively, in another example according to other embodiments consistent with the principles described herein. The switchable lens array 600 illustrated in FIG6C and FIG6D is substantially similar to the switchable lens array 600 illustrated in FIG6A and FIG6B , except that the lower electrodes 624 and 626 of the switchable lens array 600 illustrated in FIG6C and FIG6D include a first group of lower electrodes 624 and a second group of lower electrodes 626 arranged in the same layer, the first group of lower electrodes 624 and the second group of lower electrodes 626 each including strip electrodes spaced apart from each other, the strip electrodes of the first group of lower electrodes 624 being shorted to each other, the strip electrodes of the second group of lower electrodes 626 being shorted to each other, and the strip electrodes of the first group of lower electrodes 624 and the strip electrodes of the second group of lower electrodes 626 being arranged to be interleaved with each other. In other embodiments, the electrodes in the first set of lower electrodes 624 and the second set of lower electrodes 626 may be electrodes of other shapes arranged in a staggered manner. In the embodiments of Figures 6C and 6D, a gap 625 is provided between the first set of lower electrodes 624 and the second set of lower electrodes 626. In some embodiments, the gap 625 may be between 0.1 μm and 100 μm, and in other embodiments, the gap 625 may be other suitable values.

[0157] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6C and similar to FIG6A , when the switchable lens array 600 is switched to the OFF state, the first switch 632 is disconnected and the second switch 636 is switched to a contact connected to the second power source 634. The voltage and current of the first power source 630 are not supplied between the upper electrode 622 and the lower electrodes 624 and 626, and the voltage or current of the second power source 634 is supplied between the first group of lower electrodes 624 and the second group of lower electrodes 626. As a result, a horizontal electric field is formed between the strip electrodes of the first group of lower electrodes 624 and the strip electrodes of the second group of lower electrodes 626. This horizontal electric field forces the long axis extension direction of the material crystals in the second material layer 614 to rotate to a horizontal direction, so that the refractive index of the second material layer 614 matches the fixed refractive index of the first material layer 612, thereby providing the OFF state. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6D and similar to FIG6B , when the switchable lens array 600 is switched to the ON state, the first switch 632 is closed and the second switch 636 is switched to another contact point. The voltage and current of the second power supply 634 are not supplied between the first group of lower electrodes 624 and the second group of lower electrodes 626, resulting in a short circuit between the first group of lower electrodes 624 and the second group of lower electrodes 626. The voltage or current of the first power supply 630 is supplied between the upper electrode 622 and the lower electrodes (the first group of lower electrodes 624 and the second group of lower electrodes 626). As a result, a vertical electric field is formed between the upper electrode 622 and the lower electrodes 624 and 626. This vertical electric field forces the long axis extension direction of the material crystals in the second material layer 614 to rotate to a vertical direction, causing the refractive index of the second material layer 614 to differ from the fixed refractive index of the first material layer 612, thereby providing the ON state.

[0158] FIG7 shows a flow chart of a method 700 of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, according to an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. As illustrated in FIG7 , the method 700 of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display includes using an organic light-emitting display panel to provide pixels 710 of a composite image, the composite image including multi-view image content and two-dimensional (2D) image content. In some embodiments, the organic light-emitting display panel can be substantially similar to the display panel 102 described above with reference to FIG2 for the time-multiplexed multi-mode display 100.

[0159] The method 700 for operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display shown in FIG7 further includes controlling the organic light-emitting display panel to insert a full black pattern between the alternately displayed multi-view image content and the 2D image content. In some embodiments, the organic light-emitting display panel can be substantially similar to the display panel 102 of the time-multiplexed multi-mode display 100 described above with reference to FIG2 . In some embodiments, inserting the full black pattern can substantially correspond to the process of refreshing the OLED pixel array and switching the state of the switchable lenticular array described with reference to FIG5C and FIG5D .

[0160] The method 700 of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lens display shown in FIG7 also includes forming a composite image 720 from the pixels using a switchable lens array, wherein the switchable lenses of the switchable lens array are switchable between an ON state for providing multi-view image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image and an OFF state for providing 2D image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image. In some embodiments, the switchable lens array can be substantially similar to the switchable lens array 108 described above with reference to FIG2, the switchable lens array 400 described with reference to FIG4A-4B, and the switchable lens array 600 described with reference to FIG6A-6D.

[0161] According to some embodiments, when each row of the light-emitting display panel provides multi-view image content, the corresponding row of the switchable lens array is in the ON state, and when each row of the light-emitting display panel provides 2D image content, the corresponding row of the switchable lens array is in the OFF state. In addition, according to some embodiments, the number of rows of the light-emitting display panel is equal to the number of rows of the switchable lens array, and the gate scan time of the light-emitting display panel is equal to the gate scan time of the switchable lens array. Such a setting can achieve optimal matching of changes in image data with changes in SRS+ units. In some embodiments, the light-emitting display panel can be substantially similar to the display panel 102 of the time-multiplexed multi-mode display 100 described above with reference to FIG. 2. In addition, in some embodiments, the switchable lens array can be substantially similar to the switchable lens array 108 described above with reference to FIG. 2, the switchable lens array 400 described with reference to FIG. 4A-FIG . 4B, and the switchable lens array 600 described with reference to FIG. 6A-FIG .

[0162] According to some embodiments, the method 700 for operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display further includes synchronously scanning the switchable lens array row by row to switch to an ON state while progressively scanning the organic light-emitting display panel to refresh from providing 2D image content to providing a completely black pattern; and synchronously scanning the switchable lens array row by row to switch to an OFF state while progressively scanning the organic light-emitting display panel to refresh from providing multi-view image content to providing a completely black pattern. According to some embodiments, the method 700 for operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display further includes refreshing the image content of a corresponding row of the organic light-emitting display panel from a completely black pattern to multi-view image content or 2D image content as each row of the switchable lens array completes the state switch. In some embodiments, the organic light-emitting display panel can be substantially similar to the display panel 102 of the time-multiplexed multi-mode display 100 described above with reference to FIG. 2 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, the switchable lens array can be substantially similar to the switchable lens array 108 described above with reference to FIG. 2 , the switchable lens array 400 described with reference to FIG. 4A-4B , and the switchable lens array 600 described with reference to FIG. 6A-6D . In some embodiments, refreshing the image content of the light-emitting display panel and switching the state of the switchable lens array can be substantially similar to the process of refreshing the OLED pixel array and switching the state of the switchable lens array described above with reference to Figures 5C and 5D.

[0163] According to some embodiments, the maximum response time of the switchable lens array is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the full black pattern and twice the response time of the LEDs from the light-emitting display panel. In some embodiments, the maximum response time of the switchable lens array, the display time of the full black pattern, and the response time of the LEDs from the light-emitting display panel can be substantially similar to the maximum switching response time T of the SRS+ unit described with reference to FIG5C and FIG5D. SRS_MAX , Display time of all-black pattern T BLK and OLED response time T OLED_RESP The corresponding one in .

[0164] According to some embodiments, the duration of the all-black pattern is equal to the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content. According to other embodiments, the duration of the all-black pattern is not equal to the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content. In some embodiments, the duration of the all-black pattern, the duration of the 2D image content, and the duration of the multi-view image content may be substantially similar to the display time T of the all-black pattern described with reference to FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D BLK , a corresponding one of a duration of the 2D image content and a duration of the multi-view image content.

[0165] According to some embodiments, the method 700 of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display further includes reducing the duration of a full black pattern by increasing the drive rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the response time of the switchable lens array, such that the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content are increased to meet the brightness requirements of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display. According to some embodiments, the method 700 of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display further includes increasing the drive rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the duration of the 2D image content such that the response time of the switchable lens array switching from an OFF state to an ON state is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the full black pattern and twice the response time of the LEDs of the organic light-emitting display panel; and increasing the drive rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the duration of the multi-view image content such that the response time of the switchable lens array switching from an ON state to an OFF state is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the full black pattern and twice the response time of the LEDs of the organic light-emitting display panel. In some embodiments, the organic light-emitting display panel can be substantially similar to the display panel 102 of the time-multiplexed multi-mode display 100 described above with reference to FIG. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the switchable lens array can be substantially similar to the switchable lens array 108 described above with reference to FIG. 2 , the switchable lens array 400 described with reference to FIG. 4A-4B , and the switchable lens array 600 described with reference to FIG. 6A-6D . In some embodiments, the response time of the switchable lens array can be substantially similar to the maximum switching response time T of the SRS+ unit described above with reference to FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D . SRS_MAX Furthermore, in some embodiments, the duration of the all-black pattern and the display time of the all-black pattern may be substantially similar to the display time T of the all-black pattern described with reference to FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D . BLK In some embodiments, the duration of the 2D image content, the duration of the multi-view image content, and the LED response time of the light-emitting display panel may be substantially similar to the duration of the 2D image content, the duration of the multi-view image content, and the OLED response time T described with reference to FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D . OLED_RESP The corresponding one in .

[0166] In some embodiments, the switchable lens array includes: a first material layer, the first material layer has a fixed refractive index and is a fixed lens of the switchable lens array; a second material layer, the second material layer has an electrically controlled refractive index, the second material layer is in contact with the first material layer and fills the shape of the fixed lens of the switchable lens array; and an electrode, the electrode includes an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the first material layer and the second material layer are arranged between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; wherein, switching the switchable lens of the switchable lens array to the ON state includes applying a first electric potential to the electrode so that the second material layer is in an electric field in a first direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index different from the fixed refractive index; and wherein, switching the switchable lens of the switchable lens array to the OFF state includes removing the first electric potential applied to the electrode to remove the electric field in the first direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index matching the fixed refractive index.

[0167] In some embodiments, switching the switchable lens of the switchable lens array to the OFF state includes applying a second electric potential to the electrode so that the second material layer is in an electric field in a second direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index matching the fixed refractive index, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction.

[0168] In some embodiments, one of the upper electrode and the lower electrode covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other of the upper electrode and the lower electrode includes a first group of electrodes and a second group of electrodes, and the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, wherein a second potential is applied between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes.

[0169] In some embodiments, the upper electrode and the lower electrode include a first group of electrodes and a second group of electrodes, respectively, and the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, wherein a second electric potential is applied between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes of the upper electrode and / or between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes of the lower electrode.

[0170] In some embodiments, the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes each include strip electrodes spaced apart from each other, and the strip electrodes of the first group of electrodes and the strip electrodes of the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately with each other over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array.

[0171] In some embodiments, the first group of electrodes is arranged as a first layer of electrodes and the second group of electrodes is arranged as a second layer of electrodes, wherein one layer of electrodes in the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other layer of electrodes in the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes includes strip electrodes spaced apart from each other.

[0172] In some embodiments, one of the first and second electrode layers that covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array has a hollow pattern.

[0173] In some embodiments, the first and second electrodes are arranged in the same layer, electrodes in the first and second electrodes are interlaced with each other, and gaps are provided between electrodes in the first and second electrodes.

[0174] 8 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 (e.g., a computing device displaying a multi-view image) that provides a 2D / multi-view display according to various embodiments. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 can be used to implement a variety of methods, such as, for example, a method of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 can be a processor- and memory-based system, wherein the memory stores a plurality of instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a variety of operations. These operations can cause the processor to refresh the OLED pixel array according to 2D image content during 2D mode and refresh the OLED pixel array according to multi-view image content during multi-view mode. The processor can transmit the 2D image content and the multi-view image content to the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, which is configured to display a composite image by rendering the multi-view image content in the multi-view display mode and rendering the planar image content in the 2D display mode.

[0175] The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 may include a system of components that perform various computing operations for a user of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 may be a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a smartphone, a touch screen system, an intelligent display system, or other client device. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 may include various components, such as, for example, a processor 1003, a memory 1006, an input / output (I / O) component 1009, a display 1012, and potentially other components. These components may be coupled to a bus 1015 that serves as a local interface to allow the components of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 to communicate with each other. Although the components of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 are shown as being contained within the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000, it should be understood that at least some of the components may be coupled to the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 via external connections. For example, components may be externally plugged into or otherwise connected to the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 via external ports, receptacles, plugs, or connectors.

[0176] The processor 1003 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or any other integrated circuit that performs a computational processing operation. The processor 1003 may include one or more processing cores. The processor 1003 includes a circuit that executes instructions. The instructions include, for example, computer code, a program, logic, or other machine-readable instructions received and executed by the processor 1003 to perform the computational function contained in the instructions. The processor 1003 may execute instructions to operate on data. For example, the processor 1003 may receive input data (e.g., an image), process the input data according to an instruction set, and generate output data (e.g., a processed image). As another example, the processor 1003 may receive instructions and generate new instructions for subsequent execution.

[0177] Memory 1006 may include one or more memory components. Memory 1006 is defined herein as including either or both volatile and non-volatile memory. Volatile memory components are those that do not retain information when power is lost. Volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), or other volatile memory structures. System memory (e.g., main memory, cache, etc.) may be implemented using volatile memory. System memory refers to fast memory that can temporarily store data or instructions for fast read and write access to assist processor 1003.

[0178] Non-volatile memory components are those that retain information after a power supply is lost. Non-volatile memory includes read-only memory (ROM), hard drives, solid-state drives, USB flash drives, memory cards accessed through a memory card reader, floppy disks accessed through an associated floppy disk drive, optical disks accessed through an optical drive, and magnetic tapes accessed through an appropriate magnetic tape drive. ROM may include, for example, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or other similar memory devices. Storage memory may be implemented using non-volatile memory to provide long-term retention of data and instructions.

[0179] The memory 1006 may refer to a combination of volatile and non-volatile memories for storing instructions and data. For example, data and instructions may be stored in non-volatile memory and loaded into volatile memory for processing by the processor 1003. The execution of instructions may include, for example, a compiler that translates into machine code in a format that can be loaded from non-volatile memory into volatile memory and then run by the processor 1003, source code that is converted into an appropriate format (such as object code that can be loaded into volatile memory for execution by the processor 1003, or source code that is interpreted by another executable program to generate instructions in volatile memory and executed by the processor 1003, etc.). Instructions may be stored or loaded into any part or component of the memory 1006 (including, for example, RAM, ROM, system memory, storage, or any combination thereof).

[0180] Although the memory 1006 is shown as being separate from the other components of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000, it should be understood that the memory 1006 may be at least partially embedded or otherwise integrated into one or more components. For example, the processor 1003 may include onboard memory registers or caches to perform processing operations.

[0181] The I / O component 1009 includes, for example, a touch screen, a speaker, a microphone, buttons, switches, a dial, a camera, a sensor, an accelerometer, or other components that receive user input or generate output directed to the user. The I / O component 1009 can receive user input and convert it into data for storage in the memory 1006 or processing by the processor 1003. The I / O component 1009 can receive data output by the memory 1006 or the processor 1003 and convert them into a format perceivable by the user (e.g., sound, tactile response, visual information, etc.).

[0182] One specific type of I / O component 1009 is a display 1012. Display 1012 can be a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, such as, for example, 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display 100 shown in FIG2 . A capacitive touch screen layer serving as I / O component 1009 can be layered within the display to allow a user to provide input while simultaneously perceiving visual output. Processor(s) 1003 can generate data formatted for an image for presentation on display 1012. Processor 1003 can execute instructions to render the image on the display for perception by the user.

[0183] The bus 1015 facilitates the communication of instructions and data between the processor 1003, the memory 1006, the I / O components 1009, the display 1012, and any other components of the multi-view image display system 1000. The bus 1015 may include address translators, address decoders, switch fabrics, conductive traces, conductive lines, ports, plugs, sockets, and other connectors to enable the communication of data and instructions.

[0184] The instructions within memory 1006 may be embodied in various forms in a manner that implements at least a portion of a software stack. For example, the instructions may be embodied as an operating system 1031, an application 1034, a device driver (e.g., display driver 1037), firmware (e.g., display firmware 1040), or other software components. The operating system 1031 is a software platform that supports the basic functions of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display system 1000, such as scheduling tasks, controlling the I / O components 1009, providing access to hardware resources, managing power, and supporting the application 1034.

[0185] Application 1034 executes on operating system 1031 and can obtain access to the hardware resources of 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 through operating system 1031. In this regard, the execution of application 1034 is at least partially controlled by operating system 1031. Application 1034 may be a user-level software program that provides users with advanced functions, services, and other features. In some embodiments, application 1034 may be a dedicated "app" that users can download or otherwise access on 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000. Users can launch application 1034 through a user interface provided by operating system 1031. Application 1034 can be developed by a developer and defined in various source code formats. Application 1034 can be developed using a variety of programming or scripting languages, such as C, C++, C#, Objective C, Swift, Perl, PHP, Visual Ruby, Go, or other programming languages. Application 1034 can be compiled into object code by a compiler or interpreted by an interpreter for execution by processor 1003.

[0186] Device drivers (such as, for example, display driver 1037) include instructions that allow operating system 1031 to communicate with various I / O components 1009. Each I / O component 1009 can have its own device driver. Device drivers can be installed so that they are stored in a memory and loaded into system memory. For example, when installed, display driver 1037 translates the high-level display instructions received from operating system 1031 into low-level instructions executed by display 1012 to display images. Display driver 1037 can process instructions to select 2D mode, multi-view mode, both modes or neither mode is selected. Generate, create or otherwise manage the application 1034 for displaying an image and can execute function calls or transmit instructions to device driver 1037 so that the image is rendered and displayed to the user.

[0187] Firmware, such as display firmware 1040, for example, may include machine code or assembly code that allows the I / O component 1009 or the display 1012 to perform low-level operations. The display firmware 1040 may convert electrical signals for a particular component into higher-level instructions or data. For example, the display firmware 1040 may control how the display 1012 activates individual pixels at a low level by adjusting voltage or current signals. The firmware may be stored in non-volatile memory and executed directly from the non-volatile memory. For example, the display firmware 1040 may be embodied in a ROM chip coupled to the display 1012, such that the ROM chip is separate from other storage and system memory of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display system 1000. The display 1012 may include processing circuitry for executing the display firmware 1040.

[0188] The operating system 1031, application programs 1034, drivers (e.g., display driver 1037), firmware (e.g., display firmware 1040), and potentially other instruction sets may each include instructions executable by the processor 1003 or other processing circuitry of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display system 1000 to perform the functions and operations described above. Although the instructions described herein may be embodied in software or code executed by the processor 1003 as described above, the instructions may alternatively be embodied in dedicated hardware or a combination of software and dedicated hardware. For example, the functions and operations performed by the instructions may be implemented as circuits or state machines using any one or a combination of a variety of technologies. These technologies may include, but are not limited to, discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing various logic functions when one or more data signals are applied, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having appropriate logic gates, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits, or other components.

[0189] In some embodiments, instructions for performing the functions and operations described above may be embodied in a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may or may not be part of the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000. The instructions may include, for example, statements, codes, or declarations that can be retrieved from the computer-readable medium and executed by a processing circuit (e.g., processor 1003). In this context, a "computer-readable medium" can be any medium that can contain, store, or retain the instructions described herein for use by an instruction execution system or in conjunction with an instruction execution system (such as, for example, the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000).

[0190] Non-transitory computer-readable media may include any of a number of physical media, such as, for example, magnetic, optical, or semiconductor media. More specific examples of suitable computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape, a magnetic floppy disk, a magnetic hard disk, a memory card, a solid-state drive, a USB flash drive, or an optical disk. Additionally, the computer-readable medium may be a random access memory (RAM), including, for example, a static random access memory (SRAM) and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), or a magnetic random access memory (MRAM). Furthermore, the computer-readable medium may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or other types of memory devices.

[0191] The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 can perform any of the operations or implement the functions described above. For example, the flowcharts and process flows described above can be performed by the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 that executes instructions and processes data. Although the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 is shown as a single device, embodiments are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000 can offload processing of instructions in a distributed manner, allowing multiple computing devices to operate together to execute instructions that can be stored, loaded, or executed in a distributed arrangement. For example, at least some instructions or data can be stored, loaded, or executed in a cloud-based system operating in conjunction with the 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system 1000. In some embodiments, the instructions implementing the functions described above can be included in an application 1034 executed on the operating system 1031, or can be included as part of the functionality of the operating system.

[0192] Thus, examples and embodiments of 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular displays and methods of operating 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular displays that provide mode pairs configured to operate in a time-multiplexed or time-interleaved manner have been described. For example, embodiments relate to processing a multi-view image so that it is displayed in two modes (e.g., a 2D mode and a multi-view mode) of a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, thereby producing a composite multi-view image. It should be understood that the examples described above are merely illustrative of some of the many specific examples and embodiments representing the principles described herein. Clearly, many other arrangements could be readily devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of operating a 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display, the method comprising: providing a composite image using pixels from a self-emitting display panel, the composite image comprising multi-view image content and two-dimensional (2D) image content, and inserting a full black pattern between the multi-view image content and the 2D image content that are alternately displayed; as well as forming the composite image from the pixels using a switchable lens array, the switchable lenses of the switchable lens array being switchable between an ON state for providing the multi-view image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image and an OFF state for providing the 2D image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image, Wherein, when each row of the light-emitting display panel provides the multi-view image content, the corresponding row of the switchable lens array is in the ON state, and when each row of the light-emitting display panel provides the 2D image content, the corresponding row of the switchable lens array is in the OFF state.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The number of rows of the organic light-emitting display panel is equal to the number of rows of the switchable lens array, and the gate scanning time of the organic light-emitting display panel is equal to the gate scanning time of the switchable lens array.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The method comprises: While scanning the organic light-emitting display panel line by line to refresh from providing the 2D image content to providing the full black pattern, synchronously scanning the switchable lens array line by line to switch to the ON state; and While the organic self-luminous display panel is scanned line by line to refresh from providing the multi-view image content to providing the all-black pattern, the switchable lens array is synchronously scanned line by line to switch to the OFF state.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The method comprises: When each row of the switchable lens array completes state switching, the image content of the corresponding row of the light-emitting display panel is refreshed from the all-black pattern to the multi-view image content or the 2D image content.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The maximum response time of the switchable lens array is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the all-black pattern and twice the LED response time of the organic light-emitting display panel.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The duration of the all-black pattern is equal to the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The duration of the all-black pattern is not equal to the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The method comprises: The duration of the all-black pattern is reduced by increasing the driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the response time of the switchable lens array, so that the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content are increased to meet the brightness requirements of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The method comprises: Increasing the driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the duration of the 2D image content, so that the response time of the switchable lens array switching from the OFF state to the ON state is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the full black pattern and twice the LED response time of the organic light-emitting display panel; and The driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel is increased and the duration of the multi-view image content is reduced so that the response time of the switchable lens array switching from the ON state to the OFF state is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the all-black pattern and twice the LED response time of the organic light-emitting display panel.

10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The switchable lens array comprises: a first material layer having a fixed refractive index and comprising fixed lenses of the switchable lens array; a second material layer, the second material layer having an electrically controlled refractive index, the second material layer being in contact with the first material layer and filling the shape of the fixed lens of the switchable lens array; and An electrode, the electrode comprising an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the first material layer and the second material layer being arranged between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; Wherein, switching the switchable lens of the switchable lens array to the ON state comprises applying a first potential between the electrodes to place the second material layer in an electric field in a first direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index different from the fixed refractive index; and Wherein, switching the switchable lens of the switchable lens array to the OFF state comprises: The first potential applied between the electrodes is removed to remove the electric field in the first direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index that matches the fixed refractive index.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: Switching the switchable lens of the switchable lens array to the OFF state includes applying a second electric potential between the electrodes so that the second material layer is in an electric field in a second direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index matching the fixed refractive index, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: One of the upper electrode and the lower electrode covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other of the upper electrode and the lower electrode includes a first group of electrodes and a second group of electrodes, wherein the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, wherein the second electric potential is applied between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The upper electrode and the lower electrode respectively include a first group of electrodes and a second group of electrodes, and the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, wherein the second electric potential is applied between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes of the upper electrode and / or between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes of the lower electrode.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein: The first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes each include strip electrodes spaced apart from each other, and the strip electrodes of the first group of electrodes and the strip electrodes of the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately with each other over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array.

15. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein: The first group of electrodes is arranged as a first layer of electrodes and the second group of electrodes is arranged as a second layer of electrodes, wherein one layer of electrodes in the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other layer of electrodes in the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes includes strip electrodes spaced apart from each other.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein: One of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer that covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array has a hollow pattern.

17. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein: The first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged in the same layer, the electrodes in the first group of electrodes and the electrodes in the second group of electrodes are staggered with each other, and gaps are arranged between the electrodes in the first group of electrodes and adjacent electrodes in the second group of electrodes.

18. A 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display comprising: a self-emitting display panel configured to provide pixels of a composite image, the composite image comprising multi-view image content and two-dimensional (2D) image content, and inserting a full black pattern between the multi-view image content and the 2D image content that are alternately displayed; a switchable lens array configured to form the composite image from the pixels, wherein the switchable lens array has switchable lenses that switch between an ON state for providing the multi-view image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image and an OFF state for providing the 2D image content from corresponding pixels of the composite image; as well as A controller is configured to control the corresponding row of the switchable lens array to be in the ON state when each row of the self-luminous display panel provides the multi-view image content, and to control the corresponding row of the switchable lens array to be in the OFF state when each row of the self-luminous display panel provides the 2D image content.

19. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display of claim 18, wherein: The number of rows of the organic light-emitting display panel is equal to the number of rows of the switchable lens array, and the gate scanning time of the organic light-emitting display panel is equal to the gate scanning time of the switchable lens array.

20. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display according to claim 18 or 19, wherein: The controller is configured to: When the organic light-emitting display panel is scanned line by line to refresh from providing the 2D image content to providing the all-black pattern, the switchable lens array is synchronously scanned line by line to switch to the ON state; and While the organic self-luminous display panel is scanned line by line to refresh from providing the multi-view image content to providing the all-black pattern, the switchable lens array is synchronously scanned line by line to switch to the OFF state.

21. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display according to claim 18 or 19, wherein: The controller is configured to refresh the image content of the corresponding row of the light-emitting display panel from the all-black pattern to the multi-view image content or the 2D image content when each row of the switchable lens array completes state switching.

22. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display according to claim 18 or 19, wherein: The maximum response time of the switchable lens array is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the all-black pattern and twice the LED response time of the organic light-emitting display panel.

23. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display according to claim 18 or 19, wherein: The controller is configured to make a duration of the all-black pattern equal to a duration of the 2D image content and a duration of the multi-view image content.

24. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display according to claim 18 or 19, wherein: The controller is configured to make a duration of the all-black pattern unequal to a duration of the 2D image content and a duration of the multi-view image content.

25. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display of claim 24, wherein: The controller is configured to reduce the duration of the all-black pattern by increasing the driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the response time of the switchable lens array, so that the duration of the 2D image content and the duration of the multi-view image content are increased to meet the brightness requirement of the 2D / multi-view switchable lens display.

26. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display of claim 24, wherein: The controller is configured to: Increasing the driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel and reducing the duration of the 2D image content, so that the response time of the switchable lens array switching from the OFF state to the ON state is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the all-black pattern and twice the LED response time of the organic light-emitting display panel; and The driving rate of the organic light-emitting display panel is increased and the duration of the multi-view image content is reduced so that the response time of the switchable lens array switching from the ON state to the OFF state is less than or equal to the sum of the display time of the all-black pattern and twice the LED response time of the organic light-emitting display panel.

27. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display according to claim 18 or 19, wherein: The switchable lens array comprises: a first material layer having a fixed refractive index and comprising fixed lenses of the switchable lens array; a second material layer, the second material layer having an electrically controlled refractive index, the second material layer being in contact with the first material layer and filling the shape of the fixed lens of the switchable lens array; an electrode configured to deliver a voltage or a current to switch the state of the switchable lens of the switchable lens array, wherein the electrode comprises an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the first material layer and the second material layer being arranged between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; and A lens controller is configured to: applying a first potential between the electrodes to place the second material layer in an electric field in a first direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index different from the fixed refractive index to provide the ON state; and The first potential applied between the electrodes is removed to remove the electric field in the first direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index matching the fixed refractive index to provide the OFF state.

28. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display of claim 27, wherein: The lens controller is configured to apply a second electric potential between the electrodes so that the second material layer is in an electric field in a second direction, thereby controlling the electrically controlled refractive index of the second material layer to have a refractive index matching the fixed refractive index to provide the OFF state, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction.

29. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display of claim 28, wherein: One of the upper electrode and the lower electrode covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other of the upper electrode and the lower electrode includes a first group of electrodes and a second group of electrodes, wherein the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, wherein the second electric potential is applied between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes.

30. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display of claim 28, wherein: The upper electrode and the lower electrode respectively include a first group of electrodes and a second group of electrodes, and the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, wherein the second electric potential is applied between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes of the upper electrode and / or between the first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes of the lower electrode.

31. A 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display according to claim 29 or 30, wherein: The first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes each include strip electrodes spaced apart from each other, and the strip electrodes of the first group of electrodes and the strip electrodes of the second group of electrodes are arranged alternately with each other over the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array.

32. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display of claim 29 or 30, wherein: The first group of electrodes is arranged as a first layer of electrodes and the second group of electrodes is arranged as a second layer of electrodes, wherein one layer of electrodes in the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array, and the other layer of electrodes in the first layer of electrodes and the second layer of electrodes includes strip electrodes spaced apart from each other.

33. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display of claim 32, wherein: One of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer that covers the entire area of ​​the switchable lens array has a hollow pattern.

34. The 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display of claim 29 or 30, wherein: The first group of electrodes and the second group of electrodes are arranged in the same layer, the electrodes in the first group of electrodes and the electrodes in the second group of electrodes are staggered with each other, and gaps are arranged between the electrodes in the first group of electrodes and adjacent electrodes in the second group of electrodes.

35. A 2D / multi-view switchable lenticular display system, the system comprising: processor; as well as A memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 17.

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