Variable diameter tool shank and machining system thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a variable diameter tool holder and its machining system, relating to the field of machining tool technology. It includes a main tool holder structure, a rotary telescopic variable diameter mechanism, a rotary transmission mechanism, and a hydraulic clamping mechanism. It employs upper and lower double-layered staggered blades, driven by rotation to radially extend and retract, achieving small-diameter feed when contracted and large-diameter machining when expanded. Hydraulically driven upper plate lifting and lowering allows the upper and lower blades to engage and clamp, improving rigidity. The lower blades have tool positions, while the upper blades are equipped with a macro-light camera for visual tool setting. This invention solves problems such as interference, poor rigidity, tool vibration, and cumbersome assembly and disassembly in machining narrow-mouth internal cavities, significantly improving machining quality and efficiency. It is suitable for precision machining of narrow-mouth tank internal cavities on vertical lathes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining tool technology, and in particular to a variable diameter tool holder and its machining system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, when machining internal cavities of parts using vertical lathes, tool-workpiece interference occurs when the inlet diameter of the cavity is small and the main body diameter is large (e.g., machining the cavity of a narrow-mouthed tank). Gooseneck cutters are an existing solution; however, when the inlet diameter and the main body diameter differ significantly, the gooseneck cutter has a large overhang, leading to reduced tool holder rigidity. During machining with large depths of cut, circumferential cutting loads can cause vibration, reducing surface finish and tool life. Furthermore, such tool holders require frequent disassembly during insert and workpiece changes, severely impacting production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a variable diameter tool holder and its machining system to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a variable diameter tool holder, comprising a tool holder main body structure, a rotary telescopic variable diameter mechanism, a rotary transmission mechanism, and a hydraulic clamping mechanism; The main structure of the knife handle includes the central shank; The rotary telescopic diameter-changing mechanism is located at the bottom of the main body of the tool holder; the rotary telescopic diameter-changing mechanism includes an upper plate and a lower plate; the top center of the lower plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the tool holder center rod; the upper plate is slidably sleeved on the tool holder center rod; multiple lower blades are slidably arranged on the top of the lower plate, and multiple upper blades are slidably arranged on the bottom of the upper plate; the multiple lower blades and multiple upper blades are arranged alternately; cutting tools are installed on the edges of the lower blades and / or the upper blades; The rotary transmission mechanism is mounted on the central rod of the tool holder and is used to drive the lower blade and the upper blade to retract or extend. In the retracted state, the lower blade and the upper blade are all retracted within the projection range between the upper plate and the lower plate. In the extended state, the lower blade and the upper blade are all extended beyond the projection range between the upper plate and the lower plate. The hydraulic clamping mechanism is mounted on the central rod of the tool holder and is used to drive the upper plate to rise and loosen or descend and clamp. In the loosened state, the upper blade is higher than the lower blade. In the clamped state, the upper blade and the lower blade are in the same plane.

[0005] Furthermore, multiple radially arranged guide rails are fixedly provided at the bottom of the upper plate and the top of the lower plate; the top of the upper blade and the bottom of the lower blade are provided with sliding grooves adapted to the guide rails; a rotating component is mounted on the bottom center of the upper plate and the top center of the lower plate via bearings, the rotating component having a gear ring with a diameter larger than the center rod of the tool holder; the upper blade is hinged to the rotating component of the upper plate via a crank, and the lower blade is hinged to the rotating component of the lower plate via a crank.

[0006] Furthermore, a spline groove is provided on the side wall of the central rod of the tool holder; a spline that matches the spline groove is provided at the central hole of the upper plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the rotary transmission mechanism includes a rotary motor, a rotating rod, a drive gear, and an intermediate gear; the rotary motor is mounted on the central rod of the tool holder; a rotating rod mounting hole is provided at the axis of the central rod of the tool holder, and the rotating rod is mounted in the rotating rod mounting hole through a bearing; the top of the rotating rod is connected to the rotary motor power supply; the drive gear is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the rotating rod; a gear groove is provided on the side wall of the central rod of the tool holder, and the intermediate gear is rotatably disposed in the gear groove; a portion of the intermediate gear protrudes from the gear groove and meshes with the gear rings of the two rotating components; the drive gear meshes with the intermediate gear.

[0008] Furthermore, the hydraulic clamping mechanism includes a hydraulic power unit, a hydraulic oil circuit, and a hydraulic rod; both the hydraulic power unit and the hydraulic rod are mounted on the central rod of the tool holder; the hydraulic power unit is poweredly connected to the hydraulic rod through the hydraulic oil circuit; and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the top of the upper plate.

[0009] Furthermore, multiple hydraulic rods are provided, each located within a spline groove, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the top of the spline of the upper plate.

[0010] Furthermore, complementary stepped structures are provided on both sides of the upper blade and the lower blade; in the clamped state, the upper blade and the lower blade are fitted together through the stepped structures.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower blade is provided with a tool position for mounting the cutting tool, and the upper blade is provided with a macro-light supplementary camera module for visual tool setting during internal cavity processing.

[0012] The present invention also provides a machining system including the aforementioned variable diameter tool holder.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention adopts a double-layer telescopic structure of crank rod-guide rail to realize the radial dimension shrinkage and extension of the tool holder, with a shrinkage diameter of 150mm and an extension diameter of 220mm, thus solving the problem of tool infeed interference in the machining of narrow-mouth tank inner cavity.

[0014] 2. The present invention adopts a composite locking mode of vertical hydraulic clamping and circumferential rotation clamping, which greatly improves the structural rigidity in the unfolded state, suppresses vibration, improves surface quality, and extends tool life.

[0015] 3. This invention adopts visual tool setting, eliminating the need for frequent disassembly of the tool holder, simplifying the tool changing and tool setting process, and significantly improving production efficiency.

[0016] 4. This invention is suitable for machining irregularly shaped parts with small entry points and large internal cavities, expanding the process range of vertical lathes and reducing reliance on dedicated long overhanging tool holders. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the retracted state of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the unfolded state of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the clamping state of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a front view of the retracted state of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a front view of the unfolded state of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a front view of the clamping state of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a top view of the retracted state of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a top view of the unfolded state of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the retracted state of the lower disc crank-guide rail mechanism of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the unfolded state of the lower disc crank-guide rail mechanism of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the center rod of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a perspective view of the upper plate of a variable diameter tool holder according to the present invention.

[0029] Among them, 1-rotary motor; 2-hydraulic power unit; 3-tool holder center rod; 4-rotating rod; 5-hydraulic rod; 6-upper plate body; 7-lower plate body; 8-cutting tool; 9-lower blade; 10-upper blade; 11-macro lighting camera module; 12-crank rod; 13-guide rail; 14-pentagonal rotating component; 15-rotating rod mounting position; 16-hydraulic oil circuit; 17-spline groove; 18-spline. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To achieve the above objectives and effects, the technical means and structure adopted by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, focusing on the features and functions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1-12 As shown, the present invention provides a variable diameter tool holder, including a tool holder main body structure, a rotary telescopic variable diameter mechanism, a rotary transmission mechanism, and a hydraulic clamping mechanism; The main structure of the handle includes a handle center rod 3; a spline groove 17 is provided on the side wall of the handle center rod 3; A rotary telescopic diameter-changing mechanism is located at the bottom of the main body of the tool holder. This mechanism includes an upper plate 6 and a lower plate 7 with an outer diameter of 150mm, as well as five upper blades 10 and five lower blades 9. The top center of the lower plate 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the tool holder center rod 3. A spline 18, adapted to a spline groove 17, is provided at the center hole of the upper plate 6 to allow the upper plate 6 to slide onto the tool holder center rod 3. Five radially arranged guide rails 13 are fixedly provided at the bottom of the upper plate 6 and the top of the lower plate 7. Sliding grooves adapted to the guide rails 13 are provided at the top of the upper blades 10 and the bottom of the lower blades 9. Complementary stepped structures are provided on both sides of the upper blades 10 and the lower blades 9. The five upper blades 10 are slidably mounted on the tool holder center rod 3 via the sliding grooves. Five lower blades 9 are slidably mounted on the five guide rails 13 of the upper plate 6 via grooves on the five guide rails 13 of the lower plate 7. The five lower blades 9 and the five upper blades 10 are arranged in an alternating manner. The lower blades 9 are provided with tool positions for mounting cutting tools, and the upper blades 10 are provided with macro-light supplementary camera modules for visual tool setting during internal cavity processing. The bottom center of the upper plate 6 and the top center of the lower plate 7 are both equipped with rotating parts 14 in the shape of regular pentagons through bearings. The rotating parts 14 have a toothed ring with a diameter larger than that of the tool holder center rod 3. The upper blades 10 are hinged to the rotating parts 14 of the upper plate 6 via a crank rod 12, and the lower blades 9 are hinged to the rotating parts 14 of the lower plate 7 via a crank rod 12. The hinge points of the rotating parts 14 are located at the five corners of the rotating parts 14.

[0032] The rotary transmission mechanism includes a rotary motor 1, a rotating rod 4, a drive gear, and an intermediate gear. The rotary motor 1 is mounted on the central rod 3 of the tool holder. A rotating rod mounting hole 15 is provided at the axis of the central rod 3 of the tool holder, and the rotating rod 4 is mounted in the rotating rod mounting hole 15 through a bearing. The top of the rotating rod 4 is connected to the power inlet of the rotary motor 1. The drive gear is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the rotating rod 4. A gear groove is provided on the side wall of the central rod 3 of the tool holder, and the intermediate gear is rotatably mounted in the gear groove. The intermediate gear protrudes from the gear groove and meshes with the gear rings of the two rotating parts 14. The drive gear meshes with the intermediate gear. The rotary transmission mechanism is used to drive the lower blade 9 and the upper blade 10 to retract or extend. In the retracted state, the lower blade 9 and the upper blade 10 are all retracted within the projection range between the upper plate 6 and the lower plate 7. In the extended state, the lower blade 9 and the upper blade 10 are all extended beyond the projection range between the upper plate 6 and the lower plate 7. The hydraulic clamping mechanism includes a hydraulic power unit 2, a hydraulic oil circuit 16, and multiple hydraulic rods 5. The hydraulic power unit 2 is mounted on the central rod 3 of the tool holder. The hydraulic power unit 2 is poweredly connected to the hydraulic rods 5 through the hydraulic oil circuit 16. The multiple hydraulic rods 5 are respectively installed in the spline groove 17, and the lower telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the spline 18 of the upper plate 6. The hydraulic clamping mechanism is used to drive the upper plate 6 to rise and loosen or to lower and clamp. In the loosened state, the upper blade 10 is higher than the lower blade 9. In the clamped state, the upper blade 10 and the lower blade 9 are in the same plane and are engaged by a stepped structure.

[0033] The present invention also provides a machining system including the aforementioned variable diameter tool holder.

[0034] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The machining system controls the variable-diameter tool holder to extend into the workpiece cavity. The rotary motor 1 drives the rotating rod 4 to rotate in the forward direction. The drive gear of the rotating rod 4 drives the two rotating parts 14 to rotate through the intermediate gear. The rotation of the rotating parts 14 drives the crank rod 12 to move, causing the upper blade 10 and the lower blade 9 to be pushed out along the guide rail 13, forming a disc with a diameter of 220mm. After the blades are fully extended, the hydraulic power unit 2 drives the lower telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 5 to extend, causing the upper disc body 6 to descend, so that the upper blade 10 and the lower blade 9 are on the same plane and the upper blade... The upper blade 10 and the lower blade 9 are fitted together through a stepped structure to complete the clamping; the rotary motor 1 rotates in the opposite direction to apply a force load to complete the circumferential clamping of the blade; after the variable diameter tool holder completes the diameter change, the machining system can start machining; after the work is completed, the rotary motor 1 rotates in the forward direction to apply a force load to complete the circumferential unloading of the blade; the hydraulic power unit 2 drives the hydraulic rod 5 to lift and release the upper plate 6, completing the vertical unloading and separation of the upper and lower blades; the rotary motor 1 drives the rotating rod 4 to rotate in the opposite direction, and the upper blade 10 and the lower blade 9 retract, so that the workpiece can be removed.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and not all embodiments. Anyone should know that structural changes made under the guidance of the present invention, and any technical solutions that are the same as or similar to the present invention, are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable diameter tool shank characterized by, The utility model relates to a cutting tool handle, which comprises a handle main body structure, a rotary telescopic variable diameter mechanism, a rotary transmission mechanism and a hydraulic clamping mechanism. The handle main body structure comprises a handle center rod (3). The rotary telescopic variable diameter mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the handle main body structure, and comprises an upper disc body (6) and a lower disc body (7). The top center of the lower disc body (7) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the handle center rod (3). The upper disc body (6) is slidably sleeved on the handle center rod (3). The top of the lower disc body (7) is slidably provided with a plurality of lower blades (9), and the bottom of the upper disc body (6) is slidably provided with a plurality of upper blades (10).

2. A variable diameter tool shank according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of lower blades (9) and the plurality of upper blades (10) are arranged in a staggered manner.

3. A variable diameter tool shank as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The edges of the lower blades (9) and / or the upper blades (10) are provided with cutting tools. The rotary transmission mechanism is arranged on the handle center rod (3) and is used for driving the lower blades (9) and the upper blades (10) to retract or extend. In the retracted state, the lower blades (9) and the upper blades (10) are all retracted within the projection range between the upper disc body (6) and the lower disc body (7). In the extended state, the lower blades (9) and the upper blades (10) all extend out of the projection range between the upper disc body (6) and the lower disc body (7). The hydraulic clamping mechanism is arranged on the handle center rod (3) and is used for driving the upper disc body (6) to rise and loosen or to descend and clamp. In the loosened state, the upper blades (10) are higher than the lower blades (9). In the clamped state, the upper blades (10) and the lower blades (9) are in the same plane. The bottom of the upper disc body (6) and the top of the lower disc body (7) are both fixedly provided with a plurality of radially arranged guide rails (13). The top of the upper blades (10) and the bottom of the lower blades (9) are both provided with sliding grooves matched with the guide rails (13). The center of the bottom of the upper disc body (6) and the center of the top of the lower disc body (7) are both provided with rotary members (14) through bearings. The upper blades (10) are hinged to the rotary members (14) of the upper disc body (6) through curved rods (12). The side wall of the handle center rod (3) is provided with a spline groove (17). The center hole of the upper disc body (6) is provided with a spline (18) matched with the spline groove (17).

4. A variable diameter tool shank as claimed in claim 3 wherein, The rotary transmission mechanism includes a rotary motor (1), a rotating rod (4), a drive gear, and an intermediate gear; the rotary motor (1) is mounted on the central rod (3) of the tool holder; a rotating rod mounting hole (15) is provided at the axis of the central rod (3), and the rotating rod (4) is mounted in the rotating rod mounting hole (15) through a bearing; the top of the rotating rod (4) is connected to the rotary motor (1) via a power connection; the drive gear is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the rotating rod (4); a gear groove is provided on the side wall of the central rod (3), and the intermediate gear is rotatably mounted in the gear groove; the intermediate gear protrudes from the gear groove and meshes with the gear rings of the two rotating parts (14); the drive gear meshes with the intermediate gear.

5. A variable diameter tool shank as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The hydraulic clamping mechanism includes a hydraulic power unit (2), a hydraulic oil circuit (16), and a hydraulic rod (5); the hydraulic power unit (2) and the hydraulic rod (5) are both mounted on the central rod (3) of the tool holder; the hydraulic power unit (2) is poweredly connected to the hydraulic rod (5) through the hydraulic oil circuit (16); the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod (5) is fixedly connected to the top of the upper plate (6).

6. A variable diameter tool shank as claimed in claim 5 wherein, Multiple hydraulic rods (5) are provided, each located in a spline groove (17). The telescopic end of the hydraulic rod (5) is fixedly connected to the top of the spline (18) of the upper plate (6).

7. A variable diameter tool shank as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The upper blade (10) and the lower blade (9) are provided with complementary stepped structures on both sides; in the clamped state, the upper blade (10) and the lower blade (9) are fitted together by the stepped structures.

8. A variable diameter tool shank as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The lower blade (9) is provided with a tool position for installing cutting tools, and the upper blade (10) is provided with a macro-light supplementary camera module for visual tool setting during internal cavity processing.

9. A processing system characterized by, Including a variable diameter tool holder as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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