An underground roadway support device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of underground tunnel support technology, specifically to an underground tunnel support device. It includes two symmetrical bases, each with multiple fixed columns fixed to its upper surface. Each base has multiple casters at its lower end along its travel direction. A support plate is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the multiple fixed columns on its lower surface. A support plate is positioned above the support plate. The support plate has a drive assembly that, through two connecting components, drives the multiple casters to extend into or out of the corresponding base's first cavity. Simultaneously, the drive assembly, through two transmission components, drives the support plate to move in the same direction as the casters. When the casters or support plate complete their movement, a switching component stops the movement of the completed casters and continues the movement of the uncompleted casters until the movement is complete. This invention has advantages such as simplified operation steps, reduced risk of manual intervention, and improved safety and reliability of support operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground tunnel support technology, specifically to an underground tunnel support device. Background Technology

[0002] Underground tunnels are core infrastructure for projects such as mining, tunnel construction, and underground utility tunnel construction. Their stability directly affects construction safety and project efficiency. During tunnel excavation, the surrounding rock is prone to deformation and collapse after being disturbed. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the inner wall and top of the tunnel with support devices to balance the stress of the surrounding rock and ensure the safety of the working space.

[0003] Existing underground tunnel support devices are mainly divided into two categories: fixed and mobile. Fixed support devices typically use steel profiles, concrete supports, and other structures, and are fixedly connected to the surrounding rock through anchor bolts, grouting, etc. They offer high support strength and good stability, but suffer from complex installation processes, difficult disassembly, and non-reusability. They also struggle to meet the dynamic support requirements during tunnel excavation. When the tunnel extends or the construction area shifts, the support structure must be rebuilt, resulting in low construction efficiency and high costs. Mobile support devices, on the other hand, achieve position adjustment through the cooperation of the base and casters, offering high flexibility and allowing for rapid relocation to the target area according to the construction progress. However, due to structural design limitations, their support stability is often insufficient. The caster storage and support structure lifting of traditional mobile support devices are mostly independently controlled, requiring operation through multiple drive mechanisms. This not only involves cumbersome operation steps and poor synchronization but also easily leads to uneven stress on the support structure due to improper operation, causing device tilting or localized stress concentration in the surrounding rock. This is especially problematic in large-section, high-stress tunnels, where they fail to meet the high-strength support requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an underground tunnel support device, which aims to solve the problems of the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an underground tunnel support device, comprising, Two symmetrical bases, each with multiple fixed posts on its upper surface, and multiple casters at the lower end of each base along the direction of travel; The support plate has its lower surface fixedly connected to the upper ends of the plurality of fixed columns; A support plate is disposed above the support plate; The support plate is equipped with a drive assembly. The drive assembly drives multiple casters to extend into or out of the first cavity of the corresponding base through two connecting components. At the same time, the drive assembly drives the support plate to move in the same direction as the casters through two transmission components. When the casters or support plate have completed their movement, the conversion component stops the movement of the completed casters and continues the movement of the uncompleted casters until the movement is completed.

[0006] A further improvement of the present invention is that two casters are symmetrically provided on each base, and the connecting assembly includes: Two symmetrical first lifting components are disposed in the first cavity and are respectively connected to two casters; The first rotating shaft is located inside the first cavity. Its lower end is connected to two first lifting components. The upper end of the first rotating shaft passes through the first cavity and is connected to the drive component and the conversion component. It rotates under the drive of the drive component. When the first rotating shaft rotates, it drives the two casters to rise and fall through the two first lifting components.

[0007] A further improvement of the present invention is that the first lifting component includes: The first screw is horizontally mounted in the first cavity, and the first bevel gear fixed at its first end meshes with the second bevel gear mounted at the lower end of the first rotating shaft. Two first sliding plates are parallel and slidably disposed within first slide rails on both sides of the caster. A slide cylinder is provided on the first sliding plate near the first screw. The slide cylinder is coaxial with the first screw and threadedly connected. An inclined connecting plate is fixed between the two first sliding plates. The upper surface of the connecting plate is a first wedge-shaped surface. A connecting block is fixed at the upper end of the caster. The connecting plate passes through a wedge-shaped groove on the connecting block that is adapted to it. The inclination angle of the wedge-shaped groove is consistent with the first wedge-shaped surface. When the connecting plate slides along the wedge-shaped groove, it drives the connecting block to rise and fall.

[0008] A further improvement of the present invention is that the transmission assembly includes: The second rotating shaft is mounted on the support plate and is coaxial with the first rotating shaft. Its lower end is connected to the drive assembly and the conversion assembly, and it rotates under the drive of the drive assembly. Two second screws are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the lower surface of the support plate. When the second rotating shaft rotates, the two second screws are driven to rise and fall through the two symmetrical connecting parts.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is that the connector comprises: The third rotating shaft is horizontally mounted on the support plate and perpendicular to the second rotating shaft. The third bevel gear fixed at the first end of the third rotating shaft meshes with the fourth bevel gear at the upper end of the second rotating shaft. A rotating cylinder is mounted on the support plate and is coaxial with the second screw. The second screw is threadedly connected to the rotating cylinder. The fifth bevel gear fixed on the rotating cylinder meshes with the sixth bevel gear on the third rotating shaft.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention is that the support plate has a second cavity inside, and the upper end of the first rotating shaft and the lower end of the second rotating shaft both extend into the second cavity. The driving assembly includes: Two connecting sleeves are provided in the second cavity. The two connecting sleeves are coaxial with the two first rotating shafts respectively. Each connecting sleeve is simultaneously fitted on the upper end of the corresponding first rotating shaft and the lower end of the corresponding second rotating shaft. Each connecting sleeve has a first guide groove on its outer wall along its axial direction. Two rotating sleeves are disposed in the second cavity and fitted onto the corresponding connecting sleeves. The first guide key fixed on each rotating sleeve is slidably connected to the corresponding first guide groove. Two worm gears are fixed on the two rotating sleeves respectively. A dual-axis motor is fixedly installed in the second cavity, and its two output ends are respectively fixedly connected to two worms coaxial with it, wherein the worms mesh with corresponding worm wheels.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that the inner wall of the connecting sleeve is provided with a second guide key and a third guide key from top to bottom, the lower end of the second rotating shaft is provided with a second guide groove along its axial direction, the upper end of the first rotating shaft is provided with a third guide groove along its axial direction, the second guide key is slidably connected to the second guide groove, and the third guide key is slidably connected to the third guide groove.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is that the connecting sleeve is connected to the conversion component, the conversion component drives the connecting sleeve to rise and fall, and when the rotating sleeve rises and falls, it drives the second guide key to disengage from or enter the second guide groove, and drives the third guide key to disengage from or enter the third guide groove.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that the inner wall of the connecting sleeve is provided with a first sliding groove and a second sliding groove from top to bottom, the second guide key is slidably disposed in the first sliding groove, a first spring is provided between the second guide key and the first sliding groove, the first spring extends and retracts in a direction perpendicular to the second rotation axis, the third guide key is slidably disposed in the second sliding groove, a second spring is provided between the third guide key and the second sliding groove, the second spring extends and retracts in a direction perpendicular to the first rotation axis, a second wedge-shaped surface is provided on the side of the second guide key facing the second guide groove, the second wedge-shaped surface is adapted to the third wedge-shaped surface at the upper end of the second guide groove, a fourth wedge-shaped surface is provided on the side of the third guide key facing the third guide groove, the fourth wedge-shaped surface is adapted to the fifth wedge-shaped surface at the lower end of the third guide groove.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention is that the conversion component includes: The lifting plate is horizontally positioned inside the second cavity, with its two ends connected to the rotating shafts of two connecting sleeves, respectively. The third screw is parallel to the connecting sleeve and threadedly connected to the lifting plate. The third screw rotates under the drive of the first motor.

[0015] The technological advancements achieved by this invention due to the adoption of the above technical solutions are as follows: In this invention, the organic integration of the drive component, connection component, transmission component, and conversion component enables the simultaneous linkage and orderly switching of caster extension and support plate lifting. This eliminates the need for multiple independent drive mechanisms; a dual-axis motor can drive both sets of movements synchronously. The conversion component automatically controls the completed components to stop while the incomplete components continue running, ensuring that the support plate stably supports the casters only after they are fully retracted, or that the casters can only extend after the support plate has completely fallen back. Compared to existing technologies, this avoids device instability caused by incorrect operating sequences, simplifies operation steps, reduces the risk of manual intervention, and improves the safety and reliability of support operations.

[0016] In this invention, the drive assembly adopts a transmission structure consisting of a dual-axis motor, a worm gear, a connecting sleeve, and a rotating sleeve. This integrates power transmission and guiding / limiting functions within the second cavity of the support plate, significantly reducing the external redundant structure of the device. Simultaneously, the connecting assembly and transmission assembly enable vertical steering and efficient power transmission, resulting in a short transmission path and low energy loss. While ensuring support strength, this effectively reduces the overall size and space occupied by the device, making it more adaptable to the narrow and complex working environment of underground tunnels and improving the flexibility of the device's passage and deployment.

[0017] In this invention, rapid movement is achieved through casters, which can be flexibly transferred to the target support area according to the tunnel excavation progress without the need to repeatedly build support structures, thus greatly improving construction efficiency. After the casters are stored, the base directly contacts the ground, and together with the support plate, it provides rigid support to the top of the tunnel, forming a stable force system. The support strength can meet the support requirements of large-section, high-stress tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the support device described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection components of the support device described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission assembly of the support device described in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drive assembly of the support device described in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the connecting sleeve of the support device described in this invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the first slide groove of the support device described in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the second slide groove of the support device of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10-Base, 101-First cavity, 102-Fixing column, 103-Caser, 11-Support plate, 111-Second cavity, 12-Support plate, 20-Connecting assembly, 21-First rotating shaft, 211-First bevel gear, 22-First screw, 221-Second bevel gear, 23-First sliding plate, 231-Sliding cylinder, 24-Connecting plate, 25-Connecting block, 26-Wedge groove, 30-Transmission assembly, 31-Second rotating shaft, 311-Fourth bevel gear, 32-Third rotating shaft, 321-Third bevel gear, 322-Sixth bevel gear, 33-Rotating cylinder, 331-Fifth bevel gear Gear, 34-Second screw, 40-Drive assembly, 41-Connecting sleeve, 42-Rotating sleeve, 421-First guide key, 43-Worm gear, 44-Dual-axis motor, 45-Worm, 50-Conversion assembly, 51-First slide groove, 511-Third wedge surface, 512-Second guide groove, 52-Second slide groove, 521-Fifth wedge surface, 522-Third guide groove, 53-Second guide key, 531-Second wedge surface, 54-Third guide key, 541-Fourth wedge surface, 55-First spring, 56-Second spring, 57-Lifting plate, 58-Third screw, 59-First motor. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, in the following description, specific details such as particular system structures and technologies are set forth for illustrative purposes rather than for limiting purposes, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary details.

[0022] This invention provides a support device for underground tunnels, as per the appendix to the specification. Figures 1 to 7 It is known that an underground tunnel support device mainly includes the following parts or components: base 10, support plate 11, support plate 12, drive assembly 40, connection assembly 20, transmission assembly 30, and conversion assembly 50.

[0023] In this invention, multiple fixing posts 102 are fixedly mounted on the upper surfaces of two symmetrical bases 10, and multiple casters 103 are provided at the lower end of each base 10 along the travel direction of the base 10; the lower surface of the support plate 11 is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the multiple fixing posts 102; a support plate 12 is located above the support plate 11; wherein, a drive assembly 40 is provided on the support plate 11, and the drive assembly 40 drives the multiple casters 103 to extend into or out of the first cavity 101 of the corresponding base 10 through two connecting assemblies 20. At the same time, the drive assembly 40 drives the support plate 12 to move in the same direction as the casters 103 through two transmission assemblies 30. When the casters 103 or the support plate 12 have completed their movement, the conversion assembly 50 stops the movement of the completed casters and continues the movement of the casters that have not completed their movement until the movement is completed. A support seat is installed next to the casters 103 at the lower end of the base 10.

[0024] Initial state: Casters 103 extend out of the first cavity 101 of the base 10, the support seat is higher than the casters 103, and the device can move in the tunnel via the casters 103; the support plate 12 is in a low position and is not in contact with the tunnel top. When support is needed, the drive assembly 40 is activated: the drive assembly 40 transmits power to the casters 103 through two connecting assemblies 20, driving multiple casters 103 to gradually extend into the first cavity 101. At the same time, the drive assembly 40 drives the support plate 12 to move upward synchronously through two transmission assemblies 30. When the casters 103 are completely retracted into the first cavity 101, the support seat at the lower end of the base 10 is in contact with the ground, forming a stable support base. At this time, the conversion assembly 50 detects that the casters 103 have completed their movement, controls the connecting assemblies 20 to stop, and the transmission assemblies 30 continue to drive the support plate 12 to rise until the support plate 12 is tightly in contact with the tunnel top, completing the support. When the device needs to be moved, the reverse start drive assembly 40 is activated: the transmission assembly 30 drives the support plate 12 to move downwards, and at the same time the connecting assembly 20 drives the caster 103 to prepare to extend. The connecting assembly 20 drives the caster 103 to extend out of the first cavity 101, the support seat is lifted off the ground, the caster 103 contacts the ground, the conversion assembly 50 controls the connecting assembly 20 to stop, the transmission assembly 30 continues to drive the support plate 12 to fall back to the initial position, the drive assembly 40 stops running, the transmission assembly 30 stops, and the device can be moved again.

[0025] By organically integrating the drive component 40, the connecting component 20, the transmission component 30, and the conversion component 50, the simultaneous linkage and orderly switching of the extension and retraction of the caster 103 and the lifting and lowering of the support plate 12 are achieved. There is no need for multiple independent drive mechanisms to operate separately. The two sets of movements can be driven to start synchronously by the dual-axis motor 44. The conversion component 50 automatically controls the components that have completed the movement to stop and the components that have not completed the movement to continue running. This ensures that the support plate 12 can only stably support the caster 103 after it is fully retracted, or that the caster 103 can only extend after the support plate 12 has completely fallen back. This avoids the instability of the device due to the disorder of the operation sequence, which simplifies the operation steps, reduces the risk of manual intervention, and improves the safety and reliability of the support operation.

[0026] As one embodiment, according to the appendix to the specification Figure 2 It is known that each base 10 is symmetrically provided with two casters 103. The connecting component 20 includes two symmetrical first lifting components, which are located in the first cavity 101 and are respectively connected to the two casters 103. The first rotating shaft 21 is located in the first cavity 101, and its lower end is connected to the two first lifting components. The upper end of the first rotating shaft 21 passes through the first cavity 101 and is connected to the drive component 40 and the conversion component 50. It rotates under the drive of the drive component 40. When the first rotating shaft 21 rotates, it drives the two casters 103 to rise and fall through the two first lifting components.

[0027] Each base 10 has two symmetrically distributed casters 103, initially extending out of the first cavity 101. Upon activation of the drive assembly 40, power is transmitted to the first rotating shaft 21, causing it to rotate within the first cavity 101. The second bevel gear 221 at the lower end of the first rotating shaft 21 rotates synchronously, driving the two first lifting assemblies through meshing. Each of the two first lifting assemblies corresponds to one of the two casters 103. Driven by the first rotating shaft 21, they synchronously raise and lower the two casters 103: when the casters 103 are retracted, the first lifting assemblies pull them upwards into the first cavity 101; when the casters 103 are extended, the first lifting assemblies push them downwards out of the first cavity 101, ensuring synchronized movement of the two casters 103 and preventing the device from tilting.

[0028] As one embodiment, according to the appendix to the specification Figure 2It is known that the first lifting assembly includes a first screw 22, which is horizontally mounted in the first cavity 101. A first bevel gear 211 fixed at its first end meshes with a second bevel gear 221 mounted at the lower end of the first rotating shaft 21. Two first sliding plates 23 are parallel and slidably mounted in the first slide rails on both sides of the caster 103. A slide cylinder 231 is provided on the first sliding plate 23 near the first screw 22. The slide cylinder 231 is coaxial with the first screw 22 and threadedly connected. An inclined connecting plate 24 is fixed between the two first sliding plates 23. The upper surface of the connecting plate 24 is a first wedge-shaped surface. A connecting block 25 is fixed at the upper end of the caster 103. The connecting plate 24 passes through the wedge-shaped groove 26 on the connecting block 25, and the inclination angle of the wedge-shaped groove 26 is consistent with the first wedge-shaped surface. When the connecting plate 24 slides along the wedge-shaped groove 26, it drives the connecting block 25 to rise and fall. A third spring is installed at the upper end of the connecting block 25.

[0029] During the retraction phase of caster 103: The rotation of the first rotating shaft 21 drives the second bevel gear 221 to rotate. The second bevel gear 221 meshes with the first bevel gear 211, driving the first screw 22 to rotate horizontally within the first cavity 101. The slide cylinder 231, threadedly connected to the first screw 22, moves axially with the screw, causing the connected first slide plate 23 to slide along the first slide rail. The first slide plate 23 drives the other side of the first slide plate 23 to slide synchronously through the inclined connecting plate 24. The first wedge-shaped surface of the connecting plate 24 cooperates with the wedge-shaped groove 26 on the connecting block 25, converting the horizontal movement of the slide plate into the vertical upward movement of the connecting block 25, thereby driving the caster 103 to retract upward. At this time, the third spring at the upper end of the connecting block 25 is compressed to absorb the impact of the movement and prevent component wear. During the extension stage of caster 103: the first screw 22 rotates in the opposite direction, the slide cylinder 231 drives the slide plate to slide in the opposite direction, the connecting plate 24 pushes the connecting block 25 downward through the first wedge surface, and the caster 103 extends out of the first cavity 101; the third spring elastically resets, assists the caster 103 to quickly reset, and at the same time plays a buffering role to ensure that the caster 103 makes stable contact with the ground.

[0030] As one embodiment, according to the appendix to the specification Figure 3 It is known that the transmission assembly 30 includes a second rotating shaft 31, which is mounted on the support plate 11 and is coaxial with the first rotating shaft 21. Its lower end is connected to the drive assembly 40 and the conversion assembly 50, and rotates under the drive of the drive assembly 40. Two second screws 34 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the lower surface of the support plate 12. When the second rotating shaft 31 rotates, it drives the two second screws 34 to rise and fall through the two symmetrical connecting parts.

[0031] Initially, the support plate 12 is in a low position. After the drive assembly 40 is activated, power is transmitted to the second rotating shaft 31, causing it to rotate. The second rotating shaft 31 transmits power to two second screws 34 through two symmetrical connectors. The connectors convert the rotational motion of the second rotating shaft 31 into the vertical lifting motion of the second screws 34. The two second screws 34 synchronously push the support plate 12 upward, causing it to gradually approach the top of the tunnel. During the upward movement of the support plate 12, it moves in the same direction and synchronously with the retraction movement of the casters 103, improving work efficiency. After the support is completed, the drive assembly 40 reverses the drive of the second rotating shaft 31, and the connectors drive the second screws 34 to move in the opposite direction. The support plate 12 synchronously falls back to its initial position, preparing for the device to move.

[0032] As one embodiment, according to the appendix to the specification Figure 3 It is known that the connecting component includes a third rotating shaft 32, which is horizontally mounted on the support plate 11 and perpendicular to the second rotating shaft 31. The third bevel gear 321 fixed at the first end of the third rotating shaft 32 meshes with the fourth bevel gear 311 at the upper end of the second rotating shaft 31. The rotating cylinder 33 is mounted on the support plate 11 and is coaxial with the second screw 34. The second screw 34 is threadedly connected to the rotating cylinder 33. The fifth bevel gear 331 fixed on the rotating cylinder 33 meshes with the sixth bevel gear 322 on the third rotating shaft 32.

[0033] During the lifting and lowering phase of the support plate 12: The rotation of the second rotating shaft 31 drives the upper fourth bevel gear 311 to rotate. The fourth bevel gear 311 meshes with the third bevel gear 321 at one end of the third rotating shaft 32, driving the third rotating shaft 32 to rotate horizontally. The sixth bevel gear 322 on the third rotating shaft 32 rotates synchronously and meshes with the fifth bevel gear 331 on the rotating cylinder 33, driving the rotating cylinder 33 to rotate on the support plate 11. Since the rotating cylinder 33 is coaxial with the second screw 34 and threadedly connected, when the rotating cylinder 33 rotates, it drives the second screw 34 to lift vertically. When the rotating cylinder 33 rotates in the forward direction, the second screw 34 moves upward, pushing the support plate 12 to rise; when the rotating cylinder 33 rotates in the reverse direction, the second screw 34 moves downward, driving the support plate 12 to fall back. Vertical steering of power is achieved through bevel gear meshing, resulting in a short transmission path and high precision. This ensures that the two second screws 34 move synchronously, making the support plate 12 subject to uniform force and avoiding local stress concentration at the top of the tunnel.

[0034] As one embodiment, according to the appendix to the specification Figure 4It is known that the support plate 11 has a second cavity 111 inside. The upper end of the first rotating shaft 21 and the lower end of the second rotating shaft 31 both extend into the second cavity 111. The drive assembly 40 includes two connecting sleeves 41, which are disposed in the second cavity 111. The two connecting sleeves 41 are coaxial with the two first rotating shafts 21 respectively. Each connecting sleeve 41 is simultaneously sleeved on the upper end of the corresponding first rotating shaft 21 and the lower end of the corresponding second rotating shaft 31. The outer wall of each connecting sleeve 41 is provided with a first guide groove along its axial direction. Two rotating sleeves 42 are disposed in the second cavity 111 and are sleeved on the corresponding connecting sleeves 41. The first guide key 421 fixed on each rotating sleeve 42 is slidably connected to the corresponding first guide groove. Two worm gears 43 are fixed on the two rotating sleeves 42 respectively. The dual-axis motor 44 is fixed in the second cavity 111. Its two output ends are fixedly connected to two coaxial worms 45 respectively. The worms 45 mesh with the corresponding worm gears 43.

[0035] After startup, the two output ends of the dual-axis motor 44 drive the corresponding worm gear 45 to rotate; the worm gear 45 meshes with the worm wheel 43 on the rotating sleeve 42, driving the worm wheel 43 and the rotating sleeve 42 to rotate synchronously. The rotating sleeve 42 is slidably connected to the first guide groove on the outer wall of the connecting sleeve 41 through the first guide key 421 on the inner wall, transmitting the rotational power to the connecting sleeve 41; the connecting sleeve 41 is simultaneously fitted on the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 31, thereby transmitting power to the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 31, driving the caster 103 to retract or extend synchronously with the lifting and lowering movement of the support plate 12. The second cavity 111 of the support plate 11 provides installation space for the various components of the drive assembly 40, making the structure integrated, reducing external redundancy of the device, and adapting to narrow alleyway environments.

[0036] Specifically, the dual-axis motor 44 is an explosion-proof type and is a forward and reverse rotating motor.

[0037] As one embodiment, according to the appendix to the specification Figures 5 to 7 It can be seen that the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 41 is provided with a second guide key 53 and a third guide key 54 from top to bottom. The lower end of the second rotating shaft 31 is provided with a second guide groove 512 along its axial direction. The upper end of the first rotating shaft 21 is provided with a third guide groove 522 along its axial direction. The second guide key 53 is slidably connected to the second guide groove 512, and the third guide key 54 is slidably connected to the third guide groove 522.

[0038] The second guide key 53 on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 41 is embedded in the second guide groove 512 at the lower end of the second rotating shaft 31, and the third guide key 54 is embedded in the third guide groove 522 at the upper end of the first rotating shaft 21. When the connecting sleeve 41 rotates, the second rotating shaft 31 and the first rotating shaft 21 are synchronously driven to rotate through the cooperation of the second guide key 53 with the second guide groove 512 and the third guide key 54 with the third guide groove 522, thus realizing the synchronous transmission of power. When it is necessary to switch the movement, the connecting sleeve 41 can slide along the axial direction, the second guide key 53 slides along the second guide groove 512 and the third guide key 54 slides along the third guide groove 522, ensuring that the power transmission is not interrupted during the lifting and lowering of the connecting sleeve 41, and at the same time providing a structural basis for the operation of the subsequent conversion component 50.

[0039] As one embodiment, according to the appendix to the specification Figures 5 to 7 It can be seen that the connecting sleeve 41 is connected to the conversion component 50. The conversion component 50 drives the connecting sleeve 41 to rise and fall. When the rotating sleeve 42 rises and falls, it drives the second guide key 53 to disengage from or enter the second guide groove 512, and drives the third guide key 54 to disengage from or enter the third guide groove 522.

[0040] In the initial state, the connecting sleeve 41 is in the middle position, the second guide key 53 is embedded in the second guide groove 512, and the third guide key 54 is embedded in the third guide groove 522. The power of the drive assembly 40 is simultaneously transmitted to the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 31, and the caster 103 moves synchronously with the support plate 12. When the caster 103 is fully retracted (the support base is in contact with the ground), the conversion assembly 50 is activated, driving the connecting sleeve 41 to descend. During the descent of the connecting sleeve 41, the third guide key 54 gradually disengages from the third guide groove 522, the connecting assembly 20 stops transmitting power, the second guide key 53 remains in the second guide groove 512, and the support plate 12 continues to move. After the support plate 12 completes its support, the dual-axis motor 44 stops rotating, the transmission assembly 30 stops transmitting power, the support plate 12 completes its support, and after the support is completed, the conversion assembly 50 drives the connecting sleeve 41 to rise, and the third guide key 54 enters the support. The third guide groove 522, the drive assembly 40 drives the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 31 to rotate in opposite directions, the connecting assembly 20 starts, the caster 103 is ready to extend; the support plate 12 is ready to fall back, after the caster 103 extends smoothly, the conversion assembly 50 starts, driving the connecting sleeve 41 to fall down; during the descent of the connecting sleeve 41, the third guide key 54 gradually disengages from the third guide groove 522, the connecting assembly 20 stops power transmission, the second guide key 53 remains in the second guide groove 512, the support plate 12 continues to move; after the support plate 12 has completely fallen back, the dual-axis motor 44 stops rotating.

[0041] Specifically, the caster 103 has a short travel and the support plate 12 has a long travel. If the caster 103 has a long travel and the support plate 12 has a short travel, the conversion component 50 will also perform the corresponding operation.

[0042] As one embodiment, according to the appendix to the specification Figures 5 to 7 It can be seen that the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 41 is provided with a first sliding groove 51 and a second sliding groove 52 from top to bottom. The second guide key 53 is slidably disposed in the first sliding groove 51. A first spring 55 is provided between the second guide key 53 and the first sliding groove 51. The first spring 55 extends and retracts in a direction perpendicular to the second rotating shaft 31. The third guide key 54 is slidably disposed in the second sliding groove 52. A second spring 56 is provided between the third guide key 54 and the second sliding groove 52. The second spring 56 extends and retracts in a direction perpendicular to the first rotating shaft 21. The second guide key 53 is provided with a second wedge-shaped surface 531 on the side facing the second guide groove 512. The second wedge-shaped surface 531 is adapted to the third wedge-shaped surface 511 at the upper end of the second guide groove 512. The third guide key 54 is provided with a fourth wedge-shaped surface 541 on the side facing the third guide groove 522. The fourth wedge-shaped surface 541 is adapted to the fifth wedge-shaped surface 521 at the lower end of the third guide groove 522.

[0043] In the initial state, the connecting sleeve 41 is in the middle position. The second guide key 53 is embedded in the second guide groove 512 of the second rotating shaft 31 under the elastic force of the first spring 55, and the third guide key 54 is embedded in the third guide groove 522 of the first rotating shaft 21 under the elastic force of the second spring 56. At this time, the power of the drive assembly 40 can be synchronously transmitted to the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 31 through the connecting sleeve 41, and the caster 103 and the support plate 12 start moving synchronously.

[0044] With the caster 103 having a short stroke and the support plate 12 having a long stroke, the connecting sleeve 41 remains in the middle position, and the second guide key 53 and the third guide key 54 are both in the embedded state. Power is transmitted synchronously, and the caster 103 moves upward with the first rotating shaft 21 to retract, while the support plate 12 moves upward with the second rotating shaft 31 to provide support. After the caster 103 is fully retracted (with the support base in contact with the ground), the conversion component 50 drives the connecting sleeve 41 to move downwards. As the connecting sleeve 41 descends, the side of the third guide key 54 away from the first rotating shaft 21 contacts the fifth wedge surface 521 at the lower end of the third guide groove 522. The fifth wedge surface 521 presses against the fourth wedge surface 541 of the third guide key 54, overcoming the elastic force of the second spring 56, and pushes the third guide key 54 into the second slide groove 52, causing the third guide key 54 to gradually detach from the third guide groove 522. The power transmission of the connecting component 20 is interrupted, and the caster 103 stops moving. At this time, the second guide key 53 is not compressed and remains embedded in the second guide groove 512 under the action of the first spring 55. The transmission component 30 continues to transmit power, and the support plate 12 continues to rise. After the support plate 12 completes its support function, the dual-axis motor 44 stops rotating.

[0045] During the device transfer phase: the drive assembly 40 drives the connecting sleeve 41 to rotate, and the conversion assembly 50 drives the connecting sleeve 41 to reset upward. When the connecting sleeve 41 rises, when it rotates to the third guide groove 522, the third guide key 54 pops out of the second slide groove 52 under the elastic reset force of the second spring 56 and re-embeds into the third guide groove 522. The connecting sleeve 41 drives the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 31 to rotate in opposite directions. The caster 103 is ready to extend and the support plate 12 is ready to fall back. After the caster 103 is fully extended, the conversion assembly 50 drives the connecting sleeve 41 to move downward. The fourth wedge surface 541 of the third guide key 54 is squeezed again by the fifth wedge surface 521 and disengages from the third guide groove 522. The connecting assembly 20 stops operating. The second guide key 53 remains in the embedded state, and the support plate 12 continues to fall back until it is completely back down. The dual-axis motor 44 stops rotating.

[0046] When the caster 103 has a long stroke and the support plate 12 has a short stroke, the initial state remains unchanged, the power is transmitted synchronously, and the caster 103 is retracted and the support plate 12 is raised synchronously.

[0047] After the support plate 12 completes its support, the conversion component 50 drives the connecting sleeve 41 to move upward. When the connecting sleeve 41 rises, the side of the second guide key 53 away from the second rotating shaft 31 contacts the third wedge-shaped surface 511 at the upper end of the second guide groove 512. The third wedge-shaped surface 511 presses against the second wedge-shaped surface 531 of the second guide key 53, overcoming the elastic force of the first spring 55, and pushes the second guide key 53 into the first slide groove 51, causing the second guide key 53 to gradually detach from the second guide groove 512. The power transmission of the transmission component 30 is interrupted, and the support plate 12 stops moving. At this time, the third guide key 54 is not compressed and is still embedded in the third guide groove 522 under the action of the second spring 56. The connecting component 20 continues to transmit power, and the caster 103 continues to retract. After the caster 103 is fully retracted (the support base is in contact with the ground), the dual-axis motor 44 stops rotating. During the device transfer phase, the drive assembly 40 drives the connecting sleeve 41 to rotate, and the conversion assembly 50 drives the connecting sleeve 41 to reset downwards. As the connecting sleeve 41 rotates, when it descends and reaches the second guide groove 512, the second guide key 53 pops out of the first slide groove 51 under the elastic reset force of the first spring 55 and re-embeds into the second guide groove 512. The connecting sleeve 41 drives the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 31 to rotate in opposite directions. The caster 103 is ready to extend, and the support plate 12 is ready to fall back. After the support plate 12 has completely fallen back, the conversion assembly 50 drives the connecting sleeve 41 to move upwards. The second wedge-shaped surface 531 of the second guide key 53 is once again squeezed by the third wedge-shaped surface 511 and disengages from the second guide groove 512. The transmission assembly 30 stops operating. The third guide key 54 remains embedded, and the caster 103 continues to extend until it is fully extended. The dual-axis motor 44 stops rotating.

[0048] As one embodiment, according to the appendix to the specification Figure 4 It is known that the conversion component 50 includes a lifting plate 57, which is horizontally arranged in the second cavity 111, and its two ends are respectively connected to the rotating shafts of two connecting sleeves 41; the third screw 58 is parallel to the connecting sleeves 41 and is threadedly connected to the lifting plate 57, and the third screw 58 rotates under the drive of the first motor 59.

[0049] When a change in motion is required, the first motor 59 is activated, driving the third screw 58 to rotate. The third screw 58 is threadedly connected to the lifting plate 57, converting the rotational motion into the vertical lifting motion of the lifting plate 57. As the lifting plate 57 rises and falls, it simultaneously drives the two connecting sleeves 41 to rise and fall axially. Through the cooperation of the first motor 59 and the third screw 58, precise control of the lifting of the connecting sleeves 41 is achieved, ensuring the reliable operation of the conversion component 50 and guaranteeing the timing accuracy of the motion switching between the caster 103 and the support plate 12.

[0050] Specifically, the first motor 59 is an explosion-proof motor. The first motor 59 is a forward and reverse reversible motor.

[0051] This invention provides a support device for underground tunnels, and its specific usage method is as follows: Initial state: Casters 103 extend out of the first cavity 101 of the base 10, the support seat is higher than the casters 103, and the device can move in the tunnel via the casters 103; the support plate 12 is in a low position and is not in contact with the tunnel top. When support is needed, the drive assembly 40 is activated: the drive assembly 40 transmits power to the casters 103 through two connecting assemblies 20, driving multiple casters 103 to gradually extend into the first cavity 101. At the same time, the drive assembly 40 drives the support plate 12 to move upward synchronously through two transmission assemblies 30. When the casters 103 are completely retracted into the first cavity 101, the support seat at the lower end of the base 10 is in contact with the ground, forming a stable support base. At this time, the conversion assembly 50 detects that the casters 103 have completed their movement, controls the connecting assemblies 20 to stop, and the transmission assemblies 30 continue to drive the support plate 12 to rise until the support plate 12 is tightly in contact with the tunnel top, completing the support. When the device needs to be moved, the reverse start drive assembly 40 is activated: the transmission assembly 30 drives the support plate 12 to move downwards, and at the same time the connecting assembly 20 drives the caster 103 to prepare to extend. The connecting assembly 20 drives the caster 103 to extend out of the first cavity 101, the support seat is lifted off the ground, the caster 103 contacts the ground, the conversion assembly 50 controls the connecting assembly 20 to stop, the transmission assembly 30 continues to drive the support plate 12 to fall back to the initial position, the drive assembly 40 stops running, the transmission assembly 30 stops, and the device can be moved again.

[0052] It should be noted that in this patent application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0053] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support device for underground tunnels, characterized in that, include, Two symmetrical bases (10) are provided with multiple fixed columns (102) on their upper surfaces. Each base (10) has multiple casters (103) at its lower end along the travel direction of the base (10). The support plate (11) has its lower surface fixedly connected to the upper end of the plurality of fixed columns (102); A support plate (12) is disposed above the support plate (11); The support plate (11) is provided with a drive assembly (40). The drive assembly (40) drives multiple casters (103) to extend into or out of the first cavity (101) of the corresponding base (10) through two connecting assemblies (20). At the same time, the drive assembly (40) drives the support plate (12) to move in the same direction as the casters (103) through two transmission assemblies (30). When the casters (103) or the support plate (12) have completed their movement, the conversion assembly (50) stops the movement of the completed casters and continues the movement of the uncompleted casters until the movement is completed.

2. The underground tunnel support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each base (10) is symmetrically provided with two casters (103), and the connecting assembly (20) includes: Two symmetrical first lifting components are disposed in the first cavity (101) and are respectively connected to two casters (103); The first rotating shaft (21) is located in the first cavity (101). Its lower end is connected to two first lifting components. The upper end of the first rotating shaft (21) passes through the first cavity (101) and is connected to the drive component (40) and the conversion component (50). It rotates under the drive of the drive component (40). When the first rotating shaft (21) rotates, it drives the two casters (103) to rise and fall through the two first lifting components.

3. The underground tunnel support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first lifting component includes: The first screw (22) is horizontally mounted in the first cavity (101), and the first bevel gear (211) fixed at its first end meshes with the second bevel gear (221) mounted at the lower end of the first rotating shaft (21). Two first slide plates (23) are parallel and slidably disposed in the first slide rails on both sides of the caster (103). A slide cylinder (231) is provided on the first slide plate (23) near the first screw (22). The slide cylinder (231) is coaxial with the first screw (22) and threadedly connected. An inclined connecting plate (24) is fixed between the two first slide plates (23). The upper surface of the connecting plate (24) is a first wedge-shaped surface. A connecting block (25) is fixed at the upper end of the caster (103). The connecting plate (24) passes through the wedge-shaped groove (26) on the connecting block (25) that is adapted to it. The inclination angle of the wedge-shaped groove (26) is consistent with the first wedge-shaped surface. When the connecting plate (24) slides along the wedge-shaped groove (26), it drives the connecting block (25) to rise and fall.

4. The underground tunnel support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission assembly (30) includes: The second rotating shaft (31) is located on the support plate (11) and is coaxial with the first rotating shaft (21). Its lower end is connected to the drive assembly (40) and the conversion assembly (50), and it rotates under the drive of the drive assembly (40). Two second screws (34) are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the lower surface of the support plate (12). When the second rotating shaft (31) rotates, the two second screws (34) are driven to rise and fall through the two symmetrical connecting parts.

5. The underground tunnel support device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connector includes: The third rotating shaft (32) is horizontally mounted on the support plate (11) and perpendicular to the second rotating shaft (31). The third bevel gear (321) fixed at the first end of the third rotating shaft (32) meshes with the fourth bevel gear (311) at the upper end of the second rotating shaft (31). The rotating cylinder (33) is mounted on the support plate (11) and is coaxial with the second screw (34). The second screw (34) is threadedly connected to the rotating cylinder (33). The fifth bevel gear (331) fixed on the rotating cylinder (33) meshes with the sixth bevel gear (322) on the third rotating shaft (32).

6. The underground tunnel support device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support plate (11) has a second cavity (111) inside, and the upper end of the first rotating shaft (21) and the lower end of the second rotating shaft (31) both extend into the second cavity (111). The drive assembly (40) includes: Two connecting sleeves (41) are provided in the second cavity (111). The two connecting sleeves (41) are coaxial with the two first rotating shafts (21) respectively. Each connecting sleeve (41) is simultaneously fitted on the upper end of the corresponding first rotating shaft (21) and the lower end of the second rotating shaft (31). Each connecting sleeve (41) has a first guide groove on its outer wall along its axial direction. Two rotating sleeves (42) are provided in the second cavity (111) and are sleeved on the corresponding connecting sleeves (41). The first guide key (421) fixed on each rotating sleeve (42) is slidably connected to the corresponding first guide groove. Two worm gears (43) are fixed on the two rotating sleeves (42). A dual-axis motor (44) is fixedly installed in the second cavity (111). Its two output ends are respectively fixedly connected to two coaxial worms (45), and the worms (45) mesh with the corresponding worm wheels (43).

7. The underground tunnel support device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner wall of the connecting sleeve (41) is provided with a second guide key (53) and a third guide key (54) from top to bottom. The lower end of the second rotating shaft (31) is provided with a second guide groove (512) along its axial direction. The upper end of the first rotating shaft (21) is provided with a third guide groove (522) along its axial direction. The second guide key (53) is slidably connected to the second guide groove (512), and the third guide key (54) is slidably connected to the third guide groove (522).

8. The underground tunnel support device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The connecting sleeve (41) is connected to the conversion component (50). The conversion component (50) drives the connecting sleeve (41) to rise and fall. When the rotating sleeve (42) rises and falls, it drives the second guide key (53) to disengage from or enter the second guide groove (512) and drives the third guide key (54) to disengage from or enter the third guide groove (522).

9. The underground tunnel support device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inner wall of the connecting sleeve (41) is provided with a first sliding groove (51) and a second sliding groove (52) from top to bottom. The second guide key (53) is slidably disposed in the first sliding groove (51). A first spring (55) is provided between the second guide key (53) and the first sliding groove (51). The first spring (55) extends and retracts in a direction perpendicular to the second rotating shaft (31). The third guide key (54) is slidably disposed in the second sliding groove (52). A second spring (56) is provided between the third guide key (54) and the second sliding groove (52). The second guide key (53) extends and retracts in a direction perpendicular to the first rotation axis (21). The second guide key (53) has a second wedge surface (531) on the side facing the second guide groove (512). The second wedge surface (531) is adapted to the third wedge surface (511) at the upper end of the second guide groove (512). The third guide key (54) has a fourth wedge surface (541) on the side facing the third guide groove (522). The fourth wedge surface (541) is adapted to the fifth wedge surface (521) at the lower end of the third guide groove (522).

10. A support device for underground tunnels according to claim 9, characterized in that, The conversion component (50) includes: The lifting plate (57) is horizontally positioned in the second cavity (111), and its two ends are respectively connected to the rotating shafts of the two connecting sleeves (41); The third screw (58) is parallel to the connecting sleeve (41) and threadedly connected to the lifting plate (57). The third screw (58) rotates under the drive of the first motor (59).

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