Short-distance radial gas cooling + liquid cooling quenching multipurpose heat exchanger

Abstract

This invention provides a short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger, belonging to the field of heat exchanger technology. In this invention, a dry-type pre-cooled air-cooled + wet-type liquid-cooled quenching heat exchanger with multiple applications is developed using a radial short-pitch heat exchange module. With a fully enclosed structure, it quenches process fluids with temperature differences below 100°C to a final heat exchange temperature that traditional shell-and-tube heat exchangers, radiators, and cooling towers cannot achieve under the same heat exchange area and operating conditions at low cost. The process fluid entering the module's shell-side cavity is cut into fine turbulence within the slits. Through heat exchange with the walls of the short-pitch heat exchange tubes, radiant heat energy is instantly dissipated within the short-pitch tube holes by a fan or by the ambient temperature exhaust gas flow, or quenched to the set temperature by immersion in cooling water. It achieves an ultra-high heat transfer coefficient and can be used in various heat exchange conditions such as shell-and-tube heat exchangers, condensers, radiators, and cooling towers. It features small size and lightweight design, high efficiency and energy saving, environmental friendliness and water conservation, wide temperature control range, and ultra-quiet operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of heat exchanger technology, and particularly relates to a short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger used in industrial manufacturing and civil heating and ventilation systems. Background Technology

[0002] A heat exchanger is a device that transfers some of the heat from a hot fluid to a cold fluid. Heat exchangers play an indispensable role in the nuclear industry, chemical industry, petroleum industry, heat pumps, air conditioning, machining, food production, cold storage, and many other industrial and residential HVAC fields. Various shell-and-tube heat exchangers and plate heat exchangers are widely used as the main components of heaters, condensers, evaporators, and reboilers. Among these, shell-and-tube heat exchangers play an irreplaceable leading role in various industries and fields of industrial production. Another essential auxiliary device, used independently, is the various radiators and cooling towers distributed in various industrial and HVAC applications. In low-temperature refrigeration processes requiring freezing and refrigeration equipment, cooling towers are needed to dissipate the heat absorbed by the circulating cooling fluid after it has done work, before returning it to the refrigeration system inlet. Heat carried out by the circulating fluid in general industrial or residential heat-dissipating equipment can be dissipated through cooling towers and directly recycled, representing a vast application market.

[0003] Currently, there are numerous types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers both domestically and internationally, but without exception, they all perform indirect heat exchange along the axial direction of fluid flow through the tube bundle. Some methods, such as using baffles of different shapes, simulate radial flow heat exchange to improve efficiency, but due to the lack of the fundamental element of "short-distance" heat exchange tubes, they fall far short of achieving true short-distance radial heat exchange performance. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger manufactured according to the applicant's invention patent application document "A Dense Array Short-Distance Radial Heat Exchange Slit Reaction Multifunctional Module" (202310898910.5) has achieved significant results in production practice, but it has not yet specifically subdivided and covered the heat exchange level of the "pre-cooled dry air + wet liquid quenching" professional equipment achieved by this invention.

[0004] Traditional shell-and-tube heat exchangers, due to structural and performance constraints, have various application limitations. The biggest problem encountered under different operating conditions is that heat exchangers, even those pre-designed with sufficient heat exchange area margins, often fail to meet actual production process requirements. This necessitates adding or connecting heat exchangers with larger heat exchange areas, which increases system resistance and significantly increases the energy consumption of transfer pumps and fans. The most widespread pain point is in various processes involving vigorous exothermic reactions, solvent removal, evaporation, distillation, and the recovery of low-boiling-point solvent tail gases. Due to insufficient heat exchange caused by temperature drops, the amount of various organic solvents volatilized and released into the atmosphere or incinerated is enormous. The potential for mixed explosive gases during tail gas treatment also presents a significant safety hazard.

[0005] Similarly, while there are many types of industrial cooling towers manufactured and used by various domestic and international companies, they are largely similar and suffer from low heat exchange efficiency. Domestic manufacturers' initial blueprints are mostly derived from foreign designs, much like how the corrugated designs of heat exchange plates in foreign plate heat exchangers have been almost completely copied by domestic manufacturers. Currently, major domestic companies using cooling towers require suppliers to possess certifications such as US CTI, EU CE, and Japanese JCI during bidding. Why not invent new structural products and establish a completely new standard? Cooling towers, while numerous in number and diverse in design and construction, are largely similar, generally falling into two categories: open cooling towers where the circulating cooling medium (mostly aqueous solution) directly exchanges heat with the ambient atmosphere, and various types of closed cooling towers. A closed-circuit cooling tower uses a simple, indirect-flow tube heat exchanger coil structure within the tower casing. The cooling medium flowing inside the tubes exchanges heat with the sprayed water outside through the tube walls. The evaporating water carries away some of the latent heat of vaporization, while the remaining heat energy flows into the packing or space to exchange with the air again. Alternatively, the sprayed water can first exchange heat through the packing space before spraying heat onto the outside of the tube heat exchanger for indirect-flow heat exchange. The outer casing of various cooling towers is typically made of fiberglass, powder-coated steel, galvanized iron, or stainless steel, and the shape can be box-type or circular. Open-circuit cooling towers generally require an auxiliary water tank constructed of fiberglass or reinforced concrete. An open cooling tower is a device that utilizes the direct evaporation of a circulating cooling medium in the ambient atmosphere to dissipate heat. It is filled with various corrugated, structured packing materials. These packing materials are generally classified into two types of plastics: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP), depending on the operating temperature. Based on the cooling method, they can be further divided into two types: one involves spraying the circulating cooling medium (mostly an aqueous solution) at the top of the tower, wetting the surface of the various irregularly shaped corrugated packing materials inside. A top fan (or sometimes a horizontal fan) introduces air from the bottom (counter-current) or side (cross-current) of the tower, allowing air to exchange vapor and liquid with the water film on the packing surface for evaporative cooling. Because a large amount of water vapor and drift water are carried by the fan... Airflow divergence and loss are common issues, and most models incorporate water-blocking devices for recirculation. Another type eliminates the need for a fan, utilizing a circulating cooling medium pump and nozzles. Water is atomized and mixed with air as it is distributed above the cooling tower packing, undergoing a primary gas-liquid evaporative heat exchange. Water droplets and liquid films falling into the gaps within the packing then undergo a secondary gas-liquid heat exchange with the air. This is called a "fanless silent cooling tower." However, this design sacrifices the primary mixing space and the large volume of the secondary packing. It's a necessary compromise for applications with high noise control requirements, resulting in significant loss of the circulating cooling medium and a narrower range of applications. Since open cooling towers operate outdoors under wind and sun, various dust, foreign objects, and harmful substances in the atmosphere can enter the packing, water tray, or pool with the airflow and mix with the circulating heat exchange medium. They are also more prone to adhesion and blockage by foreign objects, scale, and even algae, leading to a gradual decrease in overall heat dissipation and requiring frequent maintenance or even replacement of the packing.Open cooling towers rely on circulating cooling media (mostly water) to cool the environment through evaporation. Liquid evaporation from the packing surface increases the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, making them more prone to precipitation and leading to scaling. Large amounts of water drift and evaporate, requiring frequent and substantial water replenishment during the hot summer months (even using relatively inexpensive municipal wastewater, a medium-sized new energy company's 2000t / h large open cooling tower incurs over 1 million yuan in water costs annually, along with significant investments in expensive corrosion inhibitors). The volatile organic compounds and harmful odors emitted from various circulating cooling media can pollute the surrounding environment and atmosphere to varying degrees. The noise from fan operation and water spray is also a persistent problem. While open cooling towers are advantageous due to their simple structure, wide range of applications, and relatively low initial purchase price (excluding indirect and operating costs), leading to their widespread use, the cost of the foundation water tank often far exceeds the cost of the cooling tower itself. A few manufacturers use expensive structured metal packing when manufacturing open cooling towers, which increases the service life and heat exchange efficiency, but the cost will also increase accordingly. However, the inherent structure and heat exchange principle of open cooling towers still make it impossible to avoid defects such as direct evaporation of the circulating cooling medium for heat dissipation.

[0006] To address the inherent shortcomings of open cooling tower structures, closed cooling towers, which are more environmentally friendly and have a more favorable cooling medium, have been widely used. However, for many years, they have relied on simple tubular heat exchangers for indirect cooling through indirect heat exchange. They use metal heat exchange coils made of carbon galvanized steel, stainless steel, titanium, or copper, arranged in a staggered, layered manner. This allows the circulating cooling medium to flow in a laminar flow within the fully enclosed heat exchange tubes of the cooling tower. At the same time, a large amount of spray water is sprayed on the outside of the heat exchange tubes and drips down layer by layer, forming a liquid film on the outside of the heat exchange tubes for evaporative heat dissipation. After exchanging heat with the circulating cooling medium inside the heat exchange tubes, the liquid flows into the lower space or packing material, where it undergoes further gas-liquid exchange and cooling with the fresh air before being recycled (there are also structures where gas-liquid heat exchange occurs first in the packing material before dripping onto the surface of the heat exchange tubes). The advantage of this type of closed-loop cooling tower is that it utilizes external spray water to exchange heat through evaporation within the tubes, removing heat from the tubes. Its circulating cooling medium remains completely enclosed within the tubes, preventing impact on the surrounding environment and contamination from external sources. It is suitable for various industry applications where the circulating cooling medium should not be exposed to outside air, especially for circulating heat exchange systems requiring high cleanliness of the cooling medium. Of course, its manufacturing cost and selling price are several times higher than open-loop cooling towers. However, its fundamental drawback is that the circulating cooling medium flows primarily in laminar flow within the tube heat exchanger, resulting in weaker heat exchange with the tube walls (e.g., the cost of installing turbulence-inducing components). (Weight and resistance will increase). Furthermore, as the initial temperature of the spray water drips layer by layer from top to bottom and exchanges heat with the circulating cooling medium in each layer of the tubes, the two exchange heat layer by layer, and the temperature difference gradually decreases. The heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange tubes between the layers of the closed cooling tower gradually decreases. If the theoretical design flow rate and outlet temperature of the system are to be achieved, it is necessary to design and lengthen the actual heat exchange area of ​​the heat exchange coils. However, with the increase in the liquid volume in the tubes, the cooling efficiency of the spray water will actually decrease, requiring the use of a larger amount of spray water for circulating cooling, which is not practical. This is also the same principle that when the axial heat exchange tubes of the shell-and-tube type are continuously extended or folded back along the axial direction to increase the heat exchange area, the heat exchange efficiency will not increase synchronously. For a long time, domestic and foreign engineers have carried out various optimization and modification of the closed cooling tower structure, but they have all been unable to break away from the principle and core structure of the "axial heat exchange" of the tube heat exchanger, and can only scratch the surface. Many closed-circuit cooling tower designs place the exhaust gas outlet and fresh air inlet at the top of the cooling tower, adjacent to each other. This directly causes a short-circuit problem between the exhaust gas and the fresh air, reducing heat exchange efficiency. Other closed-circuit cooling towers use simpler circulating cooling medium pre-cooling coils near the axial fan blades. The purpose is to pre-cool the circulating cooling medium by the fan airflow before it enters the main structure of the cooling tower's heat exchange coils. However, the rising airflow from the axial fan itself is hot and humid air that dissipates heat from the lower heat exchange tube structure. It is unknown how much pre-cooling effect this temperature difference has on the circulating cooling medium within the pre-cooling coil.Therefore, the existing thermal structure and efficiency of closed cooling towers cannot meet the needs of heat exchange conditions with large temperature differences. Fortunately, the national standard GB / 7190.3-2019 stipulates that the inlet and outlet cooling temperature difference of almost all types of cooling towers should be between 32 and 37°C under the condition of an ambient wet-bulb temperature of 28°C. That is, a temperature difference of more than 5°C can be achieved when the temperature is 4°C above the wet-bulb temperature.

[0007] The above provides a basic overview of the current domestic and international structures of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, open cooling towers, and closed cooling towers. While different manufacturers may make slight optimizations and improvements to individual structural configurations, the basic heat exchange principles and overall design structure remain largely the same. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To improve upon the fundamental defects in the design and structure of traditional axial heat exchangers, the applicant, in its invention patent application "A Multifunctional Module for Short-Density Radial Heat Exchange with Slits in a Dense Array" (202310898910.5), proposed a novel short-distance radial heat exchange chemical reaction structure that is completely different from traditional axial heat exchange. This structure utilizes the radial and short-distance heat exchange concept and the channel formed between the three-dimensional slits between heat exchange tubes to facilitate chemical micro-reactions and efficient fluid heat exchange. Based on this design concept and structural design, under the same heat exchange area and operating conditions, several types of chemical reactions that were originally carried out using traditional reactors are significantly improved by using the microchannel reaction principle and structure. At the same time, this also poses a challenge to the traditional axial heat exchange principle: the axial heat exchange tube bundles of the same diameter and length in the traditional tubular heat exchanger are all cut according to the short-spacing specification and radially sealed with all tube holes in the upper and lower tube sheets. This allows the fluid in the shell side of the module to effectively exchange heat with each short-spacing radial heat exchange tube in the axial slit channel in a turbulent manner. The heat conducted in each "short-spacing" heat exchange tube is almost immediately exchanged and discharged by the gas or liquid heat exchange medium. Unlike axial heat exchange where the tube side and shell side exchange heat through the indirect wall, the process fluid and heat exchange medium will still accumulate along the axial direction (co-current or counter-current) in the tube side and shell side as mutual variables until they separate at the outlet end, resulting in the actual heat exchange area not reaching the expected heat exchange efficiency. In the short-pitch radial module, the fluid enters from the slit channel of the first row of heat exchange tubes at the module inlet and exits from the slit channel of the last row of heat exchange tubes. All tube holes in the lower tube sheet of the module always face the heat exchange medium (liquid or gas) at the initial temperature, which is an invariant. During the axial flow of the shell-side fluid, it is continuously exchanged with these heat exchange mediums of the same temperature through the partition walls, one tube at a time and row at a time, and is quickly discharged. It never accumulates and participates in the heat exchange of the next row of heat exchange tubes. Through this continuous attenuation, as long as the residence time is sufficient, the shell-side fluid will eventually eliminate the temperature difference with the heat exchange medium and become isothermal. In the present invention, the heat exchange module made according to the above-mentioned short-pitch radial heat exchange principle and structure is first applied to the further upgrading and modification of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Because the operating conditions of tube heat exchangers are generally large in temperature difference, the heat exchange efficiency of the traditional axial cooling water cooling method is not high. Although the short-pitch radial cooling water heat exchange method greatly improves the heat exchange efficiency, the large amount of heat exchanged by the cooling water will still put a large heat load pressure on subsequent cooling towers and other heat dissipation equipment.Therefore, this invention addresses the issue of large temperature difference conditions by dividing the original shell-and-tube heat exchanger module, manufactured according to the short-distance radial principle, into two parts: a pre-cooled dry air-cooled module and a wet liquid-cooled quenching module. Using a relatively simple and inexpensive gas source, a powerful airflow generated by a centrifugal fan or other gas source within the pre-cooled dry air-cooled module, under ambient temperature conditions, rapidly dissipates the radiant heat generated by the process fluid within the shell-side cavity of the module. The larger the temperature difference, the more significant the cooling effect. This solves the problem of many shell-and-tube heat exchangers (especially traditional axial heat exchangers) that, under high temperature differences, require large-area or multi-unit heat exchangers due to insufficient heat exchange area and efficiency. A typical example is the difficulty in recovering low-boiling-point solvents in the vacuum system of chemical production tail gas, resulting in the annual consumption of huge amounts of low-boiling-point chemical solvents. Practice will prove that this long-standing problem now has an effective solution. After the process fluid in the shell side loses temperature due to air cooling purging, it enters the wet liquid cooling quenching module at the back of the system. The circulating cooling water of the system undergoes saturated indirect heat exchange through various short-distance radial pipe holes. The outlet temperature can be quenched to a temperature close to that of the circulating cooling water. This can increase the outlet temperature provided by the chiller in the existing overall system by several degrees Celsius, or replace the chiller under certain low heat load conditions, or it can be achieved by relying on the heat exchange amplitude of the short-distance radial pre-air cooling + liquid cooling quenching cooling tower of the present invention.

[0009] According to the present invention, the short-distance radial pre-air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching cooling tower improves the efficiency of traditional closed cooling towers. During the process of circulating cooling medium moving axially from the inlet to the outlet of the cooling tower module, all the pipe openings of the lower tube sheet of the module are equipped with air fluid drawn by a variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan at the same ambient temperature. At the stage of the highest initial temperature difference at the inlet of the circulating cooling medium in the module, the heat radiation air in the short-distance heat exchange tube holes is quickly carried away by the airflow and rapidly dispersed by the rotation assisted by the non-powered fan cap. The residual heat of the circulating cooling medium in the shell cavity is then subjected to low-temperature spray water immersion in the heat exchange tube wall of the wet liquid-cooled quenching module. The efficiency of the two heat exchange methods, air cooling and liquid cooling, is superimposed, and the temperature of the circulating cooling medium in the shell cavity of the module will quickly approach the temperature of the spray water until they are the same. Since a large amount of heat has been dissipated in the early stages, a relatively small flow rate of spray water can be used in the later stages to achieve a significant effect with minimal effort. In special cases requiring temperatures below the wet-bulb temperature, a small phase-change chiller can be used to assist in cooling the relatively small amount of spray water, achieving maximum effect with minimal investment, and reducing the high-flow-rate circulating cooling medium in the system to below the wet-bulb limit for the final heat exchange temperature. The capacity of the modular shell-side cavity's three-dimensional slits is designed to accommodate the required flow rate, allowing for arbitrary adjustment of the circulating cooling medium flow rate. The total liquid holding capacity in the slit space within the shell-side is relatively small. Under the same heat exchange area and flow rate conditions of the heat exchange tubes, less spray water is used and the heat load is low. The subsequent negative pressure conditions within the corrugated integrated packing box decrease, resulting in sufficient film gas-liquid heat exchange, unaffected by the lower limit of the wet-bulb temperature, exceeding the heat exchange efficiency of all traditional cooling tower structures. This application utilizes the above-mentioned design concept and structure, and adopts an automated control system. Based on different regions, seasons, climates, day and night environmental temperature and humidity changes, and special requirements, it automatically matches three "dry and wet combination" modes: non-powered air cooling, active power air cooling, and active power air cooling + liquid cooling. This maximizes the important goals of energy conservation and environmental protection, saving manufacturing raw materials, saving water and electricity resources, and improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0010] Therefore, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[001] Including a rectangular or cylindrical metal or non-metal outer shell and an internal short-pitch radial heat exchange module. Figure 2 (005 / 008) Figure 3 (004) Figure 4 (001) The process fluid is divided in the slits of the shell cavity inside the module shell and conducts heat exchange with each radial short-pitch heat exchange tube in the form of fine turbulence. When the temperature difference is large, the dry and wet separation modules are combined in sequence. The pre-dry air cooling module dissipates the heat energy of the process fluid in the shell cavity with low-cost airflow in all short-pitch tube holes. The remaining heat energy is quenched by the wet liquid cooling quenching module with cooling water to the set heat exchange final temperature of the system. If the temperature difference between the process fluid inlet temperature and the required outlet temperature is ≤10℃, the wet liquid cooling quenching module can be used to reduce the outlet temperature to the set temperature in one step.

[002] When used as an active shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a pre-cooled dry air-cooling module and a wet quenching liquid-cooling module are connected in series. The system process fluid enters from the shell-side cavity inlet pipe flange. Figure 1 (001) Enter module Figure 1 (010) Active centrifugal fan at the air inlet of the pre-cooled dry air-cooled module lower pipe box Figure 1 (007) or other gas sources will send strong winds through the distributor. Figure 1 (006) The hot air is evenly delivered to each pipe hole of the module, and after heat exchange through the partition wall, it is transported to the upper pipe box of the module. Figure 1 (002) The process fluid, after being collected and processed, either disperses into the atmosphere or is collected and reprocessed. After heat loss due to air cooling, the shell-side process fluid enters the wet liquid cooling quenching module. Cooling water enters through the inlet. Figure 1 (008) After entering the lower tube box of the module, it passes through each tube hole of the module evenly and slowly, transferring the residual heat energy of the process fluid flowing in the shell cavity into the cooling water in the form of indirect heat exchange, and exiting from the cooling water outlet. Figure 1 (004) The outflow significantly reduces the heat load of the cooling water post-treatment;

[003] When applied to a cooling tower with an inlet-outlet temperature difference ≥10℃, both the top of the dry air-cooled module and the wet liquid-cooled quenching module casings of the cooling tower are equipped with non-powered wind caps. Figure 2 (001) The lower part of the non-powered wind cap is a fully enclosed tube box. Figure 2 (002) Lower front-mounted dry air-cooled module of the pipe box Figure 2 (005) All pipe holes emit radiant heat energy, and the pre-cooled dry air-cooled module has a module shell-side circulating cooling working fluid inlet pipe flange. Figure 2 (006) The outlet is connected to the inlet of the wet liquid quenching module, and the positive pressure variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan is installed in the middle of the lower pipe box of the pre-dry air cooling module. Figure 2 (009) Fresh air enters from the bottom of the cooling tower; the outlet of the wet liquid cooling quenching module of the cooling tower is equipped with a corresponding specification of non-powered air cap. Figure 2 (001) A negative pressure variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan is installed at the bottom of the non-powered wind cap. Figure 2 (003) The lower part of the negative pressure variable frequency speed control axial flow fan duct box is equipped with a non-clogging spray nozzle for water spraying. Figure 2 (004) To the wet liquid cooling quenching module Figure 2 (008) All heat exchange tube holes are uniformly sprayed with immersion spray water. The inlet of the circulating cooling medium in the shell-side cavity of the wet liquid-cooled quenching module is connected to the outlet of the pre-dry air-cooled module. The flange of the outlet pipe fitting of the circulating cooling medium in the shell-side cavity of the wet liquid-cooled quenching module is also connected. Figure 2 (007) The lower part of the tube hole of the wet liquid quenching module is filled with stainless steel wire mesh corrugated or PVC corrugated structured filler. Figure 2 (010) The bottom of the structured packing is placed in the full-area water receiving tray at the bottom of the cooling tower. Figure 2(012) Below the liquid surface, the spray water flows slowly against the wind in the form of a falling film in the gaps of the structured packing. The water receiving tray is equipped with an overflow port at the center. The height of the water receiving tray is 100~200mm, and the height of the overflow pipe is 80~180mm. The spray water flows into the bottom spray water tank through the overflow pipe. Figure 2 (011) For use by the spray pump to draw and recirculate water for spraying, and the bottom of the water receiving tray is equipped with a drain pipe. Figure 2 (013) An empty pipe is installed at the bottom of the spray tank. Figure 2 (014).

[004] A large-area grille window is installed in the upper space of the cooling tower casing water receiving tray to allow fresh air to enter. Vertical baffles are installed 50-100mm inside the grille window. Solid foreign objects entering with the fresh air will fall to the bottom after touching them. The fresh air flow is deflected from the top of the baffles and enters the four sides of the structured packing box. Under the negative pressure condition of the box, it achieves lateral cutting and reverse heat exchange with the slowly flowing spray water film, stripping away its residual latent heat. The front casing is equipped with a full-area sun protection and heat insulation layer and maintenance and inspection door;

[005] A short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger module heat exchange tube hole plays an important role in the heat exchange of the partition wall. According to the heat exchanger flow rate, the length of the short-pitch radial module heat exchange tube is set between 100 and 500 mm. The shorter the length, the better the heat exchange effect. The outer diameter of the heat exchange tube is set between 16 and 32 mm, and the wall thickness is between 0.4 and 2.0 mm.

[006] The module heat exchange tubes use other special-shaped tubes that are easy to generate turbulence and enhance heat exchange effect, except for round tubes. They can be made of metal, metal alloy, or non-metal materials with high thermal conductivity, certain strength, and the ability to withstand the pressure and corrosion conditions of the circulating system. High conductivity materials such as copper, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, titanium, stainless steel, zinc-plated carbon steel, etc., or corrosion-resistant graphite-modified polypropylene, etc. are selected.

[007] In addition to round tubes, other special-shaped tubes that are easy to generate turbulence and enhance heat exchange effect can also be selected for the heat exchange tubes in the module, such as elliptical or flat round tubes;

[008] When used as a cooling tower, the automatic control system of the cooling tower detects and sets the inlet and outlet temperatures of the circulating cooling medium module and automatically matches the optimal energy-saving and heat dissipation methods: the non-powered air cooling mode in which the hot air rises from the module tube hole to generate a chimney effect and the non-powered fan hood rotates to assist in heat dissipation; the active power air cooling mode in which a variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan participates; and the active pre-dry air cooling + wet liquid cooling quenching mode.

[0011]

[009] For industry-specific equipment with high requirements for system circulating cooling working fluid, a passive terahertz anti-scaling self-cleaning device of appropriate diameter, a pipe sight glass, and a backlight are installed on the inlet pipe of the whole machine to monitor the status of the system circulating cooling water at any time.

[010] Using a pre-cooled air-cooled module + wet quenching module in series, a smaller volume of spray water is used to control the cooling range of the circulating cooling medium in a larger flow heat exchanger. A relatively small-power phase change chiller and mixer are installed in the spray water recirculation pipeline to reduce the spray water temperature to well below the ambient wet-bulb temperature and regulate the temperature of the circulating cooling medium in the system, thus replacing part of the phase change chiller.

[0012]

[011] The upper space of the tube hole of the wet quenching water cooling module of the cooling tower is a closed tube box for collecting evaporating gas. The tube box is equipped with a non-clogging spray nozzle for spraying water, which can evenly distribute water to the heat exchange tube hole wall to achieve efficient indirect heat exchange between the spray water and the circulating cooling medium in the shell cavity.

[0013]

[012] A variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan is installed in the center of the top space of the cooling tower tube box. Preferably, a low-noise, high-power variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan is selected. The frequency and speed of the variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan are adjusted by the automatic control system according to the temperature of the circulating cooling medium at the inlet and outlet of the module.

[0014]

[013] The air outlet of the variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan at the top of the tube box is equipped with a corresponding specification reinforced non-powered air cap. The reinforced non-powered air cap rotates without noise. While helping to lift the hot airflow and dissipate energy, it can also prevent rainwater from atmospheric pollution from entering the cooling tower and mixing with the spray water.

[014] Various sensors and pipeline electronically controlled valve groups required for the overall system operation conditions, such as ambient atmospheric pressure parameters, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, inlet and outlet temperatures of circulating cooling water, inlet and outlet pressure, flow rate, flow velocity, spray water temperature, flow velocity, and liquid level parameters, are installed in corresponding positions inside the casing and connected to the intelligent control system chassis and touch screen inside the casing, with a remote transmission central control program port provided.

[0015]

[015] The spray water cooling is made of stainless steel or plastic PVC corrugated packing material. Preferably, the packing material is made of 0.12mm diameter stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing material, with each layer having a height of 200mm. The packing material is stacked in an alternating and directional manner so that the spray water descends in the form of several runoff liquid films.

[0016]

[016] A large-area water receiving tray is set at the bottom of the cooling tower to receive the spray water flowing down from the corrugated wire mesh packing. The water receiving tray is equipped with an overflow port. The height of the water receiving tray is 100~200mm, and the height of the overflow pipe is 80~180mm. After the spray water on the surface of the water receiving tray is further swept by the negative pressure fresh air flow, it flows into the bottom spray water tank through the overflow pipe for the spray water pump to pump and circulate for spraying. Both the bottom of the water receiving tray and the bottom of the spray water tank are equipped with a drain pipe and a corresponding valve.

[017] When it is winter, the ambient temperature is low, or the system spray water temperature is lowered, and the outlet temperature of the cooling tower circulating cooling medium meets the system operating temperature conditions, the phase change refrigeration and chiller units in the circulating system can be shut down and directly supplied to the low temperature system, thereby saving a lot of electricity; This application sets out three operating modes to achieve energy-efficient and high-performance heat exchange of the circulating cooling medium throughout the entire cooling tower system: 1. Non-powered air cooling mode: Under suitable geographical conditions, seasons, wind speeds, nighttime and other low ambient temperature conditions, the cooling tower module can achieve the required outlet temperature of the circulating cooling medium in the shell cavity by relying solely on the chimney effect generated by the rising hot airflow in each pipe hole of the module and the rotation assistance of the non-powered wind cap installed on the top of the cooling tower. 2. Active power air cooling mode: When the non-power air cooling mode is difficult to achieve the required outlet temperature of the circulating cooling medium in the module, the automatic control system starts the variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan. The radiant heat generated by heat transfer through the partition wall in each pipe hole of the module is quickly discharged and then dissipated by the rapid rotation of the non-powered fan cap at the top of the cooling tower to achieve the required outlet temperature of the circulating cooling medium in the module. 3. Active power air cooling + liquid cooling mode: Under special operating conditions such as high ambient temperature and humidity and large temperature differences, the automatic control system will select the wet liquid cooling quenching module to activate the spray water immersion cooling. When the heat energy of the initial inlet circulating cooling medium with large temperature difference is largely dissipated by low-cost airflow in the pipe holes of the pre-dry air cooling module, a smaller amount of spray water is used to superimpose liquid cooling. This can approach the minimum design limit of the module circulating cooling medium outlet temperature and effectively reduce the heat load of subsequent spray water treatment. This invention offers the following significant and outstanding advantages over existing shell-and-tube heat exchangers, cooling towers, and some chiller technologies: This invention provides a short-pitch radial pre-cooled + water-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger, which is a novel high-efficiency heat exchange device manufactured using the short-pitch radial heat exchange principle of several densely staggered arrangements as described in the original invention patent application "A dense array short-pitch radial heat exchange slit reaction multi-functional module" (202310898910.5). Under the same environmental and operating conditions, a comparison is made with the characteristics of traditional tubular heat exchangers, radiators, condensers, and cooling towers.

[0017] Traditional shell-and-tube and even plate heat exchangers are designed and manufactured according to an axial heat exchange mode. Although this "axis" can be the "straight axis" of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the "spiral axis" of a spirally wound heat exchanger, or the "flat axis" of the corrugated flow channels along the inlet to outlet of a plate heat exchanger, the process fluid and heat exchange medium, whether flowing in parallel or in a cross-flow manner, always coexist along the axis. Therefore, after entering from the tube side and shell side inlets respectively, they flow in parallel throughout the process until they exit from their respective outlets, completing the indirect heat exchange. The temperature difference between the two is mutually convertible and tends towards an average relationship. Radial short-distance heat exchange mode changes this traditional heat exchange mode. Because the operating conditions of tube heat exchangers are basically high-temperature differential heat exchange, especially heat exchangers that require heat dissipation, a certain heat exchange area and corresponding temperature difference and flow rate of cooling water are generally required based on the flow rate design to achieve this. According to the structural method of this application, in heat exchange of process fluids with large temperature differences, a low-cost active fan or ambient or low-temperature exhaust gas is first used to reduce the temperature difference of the process fluid within the module. Then, a smaller amount of coolant is used for liquid cooling quenching to achieve the lower limit of the ideal temperature at the system's process fluid outlet. This significantly reduces the investment and energy consumption of tubular heat exchanger equipment. Compared to traditional tubular heat exchangers, the smaller amount of coolant used also drastically reduces the heat load for post-treatment. The heat exchanger designed and manufactured according to the short-pitch radial principle is already several times more efficient than traditional shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Compared to traditional shell-and-tube heat exchangers, the pre-dry air cooling and wet liquid cooling quenching mode of this invention is on a completely different level in terms of adaptability to various operating conditions and heat exchange efficiency.

[0018] Although traditional closed-circuit cooling towers appear to have radial heat exchange between the vertically dripping spray water and the longitudinally arranged serpentine heat exchange tubes, the spray water, after passing through the partition wall from the upper coil, does not leave the system due to the spatial structure. Instead, it continues to drip and exchange heat with the second, third, and even more layers, resulting in a temperature far exceeding the initial temperature of the spray water when it drips from the first layer. While the heat exchange area remains the same for each layer of heat exchange tubes, the temperature difference between the spray water and the circulating cooling medium inside the heat exchange tubes continuously decreases, leading to a significant reduction in heat exchange efficiency at each stage. Furthermore, the circulating cooling medium inside the serpentine coils flows laminarly, reciprocating axially, resulting in a laminar diffusion effect with the inner wall of the heat exchange tubes, which cannot be compared to turbulent flow. If we disregard floor space and arrange all heat exchange tubes as a single horizontal serpentine coil, and simultaneously use initial-temperature spray water for cooling, it would conform to the "radial heat exchange" concept of this application. The cooling efficiency would be significantly improved compared to multi-layer spraying of heat exchange tubes. However, it still lacks the turbulent motion and "short-distance" heat exchange elements of the circulating cooling medium in the shell-side cavity slits of this application. The circulating cooling medium transported axially along the heat exchange tubes is in a laminar flow mode, which is still far from the efficiency of this application. Adding turbulence packing inside the heat exchange tubes would further improve the heat exchange efficiency. Theoretically, placing a large-area cooling water pool at the bottom of the serpentine coils for evaporative cooling could approach the "radial short-distance" heat exchange effect of this application, but this is impractical. "Radial short-distance" heat exchange is equivalent to subtraction; regardless of air cooling or liquid cooling, a decrease of one degree Celsius in the temperature of the circulating cooling medium within the shell-side per unit time is equivalent to a decrease of one degree Celsius. Traditional axial heat exchange, on the other hand, is equivalent to division, constantly increasing the denominator and diluting the temperature of the circulating cooling medium per unit time.

[0019] This invention provides a short-pitch radial pre-cooled air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger. The circulating cooling medium within the system flows in a turbulent manner through the slit shell side of the short-pitch radial heat exchange tube module, fully exchanging heat with each heat exchange tube along the way. The exchanged heat is also rapidly conducted and radiated throughout each tube hole. Because the module heat exchange tubes are formed by shortening long-axis heat exchange tubes of equal heat exchange area by hundreds or even thousands of times, heat cannot accumulate in the short-pitch tube holes. At higher temperature differences, the radiant heat in the tube holes of the short-pitch radial cooling tower pre-cooled dry air-cooled module is quickly exhausted by the counter-current fresh air and drawn towards the top of the cooling tower. Meanwhile, the circulating cooling medium in the shell side cavity enters the wet quenching water-cooled module. Under the immersion effect of the sprayed water, the residual heat conducted through the short-pitch heat exchange tube walls is almost instantly quenched, and the liquid flows downwards in a radial liquid film along the stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing, completing re-heat exchange with the counter-current fresh air. Stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing is used in the gas-liquid exchange separation process of distillation towers in the chemical industry. Various types of vapors have a very high specific surface area per unit volume within this packing. However, when liquids flow within it, gravity prevents complete wetting of the wire mesh surface. Instead, they form several small streams flowing between the layers of the corrugated packing along the shortest path. This significantly disperses and prolongs the residence time of the spray water per unit height for gas-liquid exchange. However, this material has high requirements for the quality of the spray water; it cannot tolerate the entry of various physical impurities, otherwise, it will gradually clog the micropores on the wire mesh surface and the gaps between the layers. PVC plastic corrugated packing, on the other hand, has relatively less stringent requirements and can be selected based on the overall cost, water quality, and temperature requirements.

[0020] The heat exchange principle, structure, heat dissipation, water saving, energy saving, and environmental protection effects of open cooling towers are significantly different from those of this application. In particular, the outstanding features of this application, such as a fully enclosed system circulating cooling heat exchange medium, water and electricity saving effects that require virtually no water replenishment throughout the year, and no spray water noise, are unmatched by open cooling towers. Of course, ordinary open cooling towers, due to their simple structure and low price (but often requiring a matching high-cost water tank), are suitable for some projects with relatively simple operating conditions and less demanding requirements for atmospheric environment and circulating cooling medium.

[0021] Under the same dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures and similar operating conditions, the following comparison is made between the short-pitch radial pre-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger of this application and a traditional closed-loop cooling tower with the same closed-loop system circulating cooling medium: 1. Heat exchange tubes: Using heat exchange tubes of the same material, heat exchange area, and diameter, the total length of the short-pitch radial module is at least 30% less than that of the traditional closed-loop cooling tower axial tube heat exchanger. Because the heat exchange tubes connecting the upper and lower tube sheets of the short-pitch radial module are arranged in a dense, staggered short-pitch tube cluster, their strength is much higher than that of the coiled tube bundles of axial heat exchange tubes, which are often several meters long. Excluding the factor of heat exchange tube wall corrosion caused by circulating cooling medium, the wall thickness of the short-pitch radial heat exchange tube can be thinned compared to that of the axial tube heat exchange tube, thereby increasing the heat exchange efficiency of the indirect wall by a factor of several times.

[0022] 2. Heat Exchanger Tube Arrangement and Structure: Comparative Analysis of Closed-Circuit Cooling Tower and the Short-Distance Radial Air-Cooled + Liquid-Cooled Quenching Cooling Tower of this Application: The closed-circuit cooling tower, following the traditional axial heat exchange concept and mode, still adopts the most commonly used ordinary tubular reactor cooling metal coil structure. The only consideration is the need for water spraying from top to bottom, with heat exchanger tubes arranged perpendicularly and in a staggered pattern. This arrangement ensures that the circulating cooling water, after being sprayed and wetting the outside of the upper tubes, flows down layer by layer, while also ensuring that the water inside the tubes can be drained when needed. After the circulating cooling medium enters from the bottom of the cooling coil, several factors are required to complete the indirect heat exchange and remove the heat energy of the circulating cooling medium inside the tubes, including a sufficient total length of external heat exchange area, residence time inside the tubes, and sufficient spray water. The efficiency of this simplest tubular heat exchanger structure is incomparable to the high-efficiency heat exchange reactor of this application used in the fields of strongly exothermic chemical reactions and various hazardous chemical production processes. The heat exchange tubes of the short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching cooling tower are arranged in a dense, staggered, radially short-pitch three-dimensional slit microchannel manner. The circulating cooling medium moves in a violent turbulent motion around the outer wall of each heat exchange tube in the module shell cavity, with a very small liquid holdup and a huge heat exchange area on the outer wall of all heat exchange tubes. The exchanged heat energy is dissipated instantly from the opening of each short-pitch heat exchange tube. According to the set temperature of the circulating cooling medium outlet, it automatically selects three different modes: non-powered air cooling, active air cooling, and active air cooling + liquid-cooled quenching. The overall energy saving and heat exchange efficiency per unit time are extremely high, which is incomparable to the heat exchange mode of traditional closed cooling towers.

[0023] 3. Heat Exchange Cooling Method: Closed-loop cooling towers rely on traditional axial external spray heat exchange, requiring sufficient flow and low-temperature spray water for cooling. They also require well-structured packing with sufficient surface area, adequate space, sufficient airflow, and a water tank (pool) to fully cool the spray water after heat exchange before recirculation. While the spray water in the spray coils cools the circulating cooling medium layer by layer within the heat exchange tubes, it also exchanges heat with the circulating cooling medium. Although the total heat exchange area remains constant, the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of heat exchange tubes gradually decreases, significantly reducing heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, due to the large overall volume of closed-loop cooling towers, a sufficient number and power of fans are required, increasing weight, energy consumption, and fan and water flow noise. In summary, the cooling tower in this short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multipurpose heat exchanger has significantly superior performance in all aspects compared to traditional closed-loop cooling towers. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger - a pre-air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching shell-and-tube heat exchanger. (001) Process fluid inlet of heat exchanger module; (007) Centrifugal fan; (006) Airflow distributor; (002) Module outlet pipe box; (010) Heat exchanger module; (008) Cooling water inlet; (009) Cooling water inlet pipe box; (003) Cooling water outlet pipe box; (004) Cooling water outlet; (005) Process fluid outlet of heat exchanger module; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger—a pre-air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching cooling tower; (001) non-powered wind cap; (002) pre-air-cooled pipe box; (005) pre-air-cooled module; (006) pre-module circulating cooling medium inlet flange; (009) pre-axial flow fan; (003) liquid-cooled quenching module axial flow fan; (004) spray water distributor; (007) liquid-cooled quenching module circulating cooling medium outlet; (008) liquid-cooled quenching module; (010) stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing; (012) water receiving tray; (013) water receiving tray drain flange; (011) spray water tank; (014) spray water tank drain flange; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger - liquid-cooled quenching cooling tower: (001) non-powered air ball; (002) axial flow fan; (003) spray water distributor; (004) short-pitch radial module; (005) stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing; (006) water receiving tray; (007) spray water tank. Figure 4 A top view of the core module of a short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger (001). like Figure 1 As shown, a basic structure for a short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multipurpose heat exchanger applied to a pre-air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching shell-and-tube heat exchanger is provided, including: (001) is the inlet flange or other corresponding connecting pipe fitting for the system process fluid to enter the core module; (007) It can be a centrifugal fan that generates inlet airflow, or any airflow inlet that can be used below room temperature and transported through a pipeline; (006) is a distribution device that ensures the airflow is not short-circuited and is evenly delivered to each pipe hole in the input airflow box; (002) is the module outlet pipe box, which collects the hot air emitted from the module outlet. If post-treatment is required, flange pipeline can be added for transportation. (008) Provides an external cooling water inlet flange for the cooling water inlet; (009) is the module pipe inlet box, ensuring that all pipe holes of the module have the same opportunity to receive cooling water at the same temperature from beginning to end; (010) is the core module of the pre-cooled air + liquid-cooled quenching shell-and-tube heat exchanger. It enables the process fluid in the tube side to fully exchange heat with each heat exchange tube in the form of fine turbulence in the slit, and quickly conducts the heat energy in the shell side cavity to the tube wall. The heat energy is then dissipated by the airflow in the form of radiant heat, or the conducted heat energy is taken away by the immersion cooling water and quenched. (004) is the outlet flange for the heat-exchanged cooling water inside the receiving module; (005) is the outlet connection flange or other type of pipe fitting after the system process fluid has lost temperature; like Figure 2 As shown, a basic structure for a short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger applied to a pre-air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching cooling tower is provided, including: (001) is a non-powered wind cap, a cage-like structure assembled from several stainless steel or rust-proof metal blades according to the principle of rotating airflow angle distribution. It can rotate with the help of external natural wind or bottom airflow when rising without power or noise, and plays the role of forcefully drawing in and dispersing the lower gas upward and blocking rainwater from entering the box. In the top of the short-distance radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching cooling tower of this application, it plays an important role in adsorbing rising water vapor, assisting in exhaust, quickly dispersing the heat exchanged by the circulating cooling medium in the module heat exchange tube, shielding rainwater, and preventing pollution of the spray water inside the cooling tower; (002) is a front-mounted air-cooled module box, which sends the hot air collected from each pipe opening of the module into the top non-powered air cap; (005) is a pre-cooled air module. The circulating cooling medium in the shell side exchanges heat through the walls between each heat exchange tube and then dissipates the hot air in the tube hole into the pre-cooled air module tube box. (006) is the inlet flange for the circulating cooling working fluid of the pre-cooled module; (009) is an axial flow fan for the pre-cooled air module, which blows the ambient gas entering the lower part of the cooling tower or other air sources into the various ports of the pre-cooled air module through its upper manifold box. (003) is an axial flow fan for the liquid-cooled quenching module, which draws the latent heat gas from the liquid-cooled quenching module pipe hole spray water into the pipe hole wall and from the stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing and the liquid surface of the water receiving tray below the module into the non-powered fan ball. (004) is a spray water distributor, responsible for evenly spraying the spray water into each pipe hole of the immersion module; (007) is the outlet flange for the circulating cooling working fluid of the liquid-cooled quenching module; (008) is a liquid-cooled quenching module, an important structure that uses spray water to quench the circulating cooling medium that has been pre-cooled by the airflow from the pre-cooled air module. (010) is a stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing material, placed in the space below the liquid level of the water receiving tray at the bottom of the module tube hole. It is responsible for fully exchanging gas-liquid heat with the counter-current rising fresh air under negative pressure during the falling film process of the spray water flowing out of the module tube hole immersion bath. This allows the spray water temperature to approach below the wet bulb temperature for recirculation. (012) is a water receiving tray that receives the spray water flowing down through the stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing film. The spray water is further cooled by the liquid surface of the water receiving tray under negative pressure. (013) is the drain pipe at the bottom of the water receiving tray, which can drain the spray water in the water receiving tray. (011) is a spray water tank, which is responsible for pumping the cooled spray water into the recirculation system via a spray water pump; (013) is the drain pipe of the spray tank, which can drain the spray water in the spray tank; like Figure 3 As shown, a basic structure for a liquid-cooled quenching cooling tower, applicable to the low-temperature difference conditions of a pre-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching cooling tower, is provided in a short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger, including: (001) is a non-powered typhoon warning signal; (002) is an axial fan; (003) is a spray water distributor; (004) is a liquid-cooled quenching module; (005) is a stainless steel wire mesh corrugated prefabricated filler; (006) is a water receiving tray; (007) is a spray tank; like Figure 4 As shown, a short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger is provided, the basic structure of which includes: (001) is a top view of the most important basic structural module in the whole machine structure. After the circulating cooling working fluid enters the module, it is divided into a fine turbulent state by the narrow gaps between several densely staggered radial short-pitch heat exchange tubes shown in the figure. After undergoing full wall heat exchange with all short-pitch heat exchange tube walls, it flows out. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, before the disclosure of the technical solutions of the present invention, the described embodiments are only some principle structure verification embodiments of the present invention, and not informal industrial embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top / bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention. Specific Implementation

[0027] The workshop temperature is 28℃, and the wet-bulb temperature is 24.2℃. A set of 800*170*128mm small modules, all made of 304 stainless steel, are vertically placed with one set of pipe holes, providing a heat exchange area of ​​approximately 1.36m². A standard 70W axial fan with a pipe box is placed vertically at the bottom of the module. The 800*170mm outlet of the pipe box connects to the lower tube sheet of the module and is sealed, with the airflow directed upwards. A steam-heated water tank holds 50℃ clean water, and its outlet is connected to a stainless steel small booster pump that flows into the module inlet at flow rates of 2.4T / h and 4.5T / h. A temperature sensor and receiving tank are installed on the outlet pipeline. A handheld tap water sprayer is also provided. The experiment began with observation of various phenomena at the experimental site: First, the fan was turned on, and strong cool air was blown upwards from each pipe hole of the module. A small booster pump was turned on at a flow rate of 2.4T / h, and clean water from the module outlet entered the receiving tank. The temperature difference of the air outlets in the module's travel pipe holes was significant. Strong hot air was blown out from the outlet to the halfway point of the pipe, gradually turning into cool air in the latter half. The outlet pipe showed a water temperature of 37.1~37.5℃, stabilizing around 37.5℃. After adjusting the booster pump flow rate to 4.5T / h and turning it on, the hot air boundary in the pipe holes moved significantly towards the module outlet. Near the outlet, the hot air decreased to cool air, and the outlet water temperature finally stabilized at around 39.7℃. Continuing with the above temperature and flow rate conditions, a handheld shower head was turned on to spray each pipe hole in turn (at that time, the tap water pressure was insufficient). The heat from the air outlets of each pipe hole basically disappeared, and the outlet water temperature dropped sharply to around 30℃ and remained stable.

[0028] A PhD engineer calculated the following experimental conditions: hot water flow rate 4.5T / h, heat exchange area 1.36m2, water temperature drops from 50℃ to 30℃, temperature difference 20℃, heat load = 4500kg / h, and finally calculated K value = 6016. Conclusion: Such a high K value has never been encountered in any heat exchanger, and is unreliable. Specific Implementation

[0029] Temperature test of stainless steel wire mesh corrugated structured packing under spray: In an open space in the workshop, the dry bulb temperature was 29.8℃ and the wet bulb temperature was 26.2℃. Six pieces of 250-type circular stainless steel wire mesh corrugated structured packing (300mm in diameter and 180mm in height) were stacked vertically in a staggered manner. A temperature sensor was installed in the water basin at the bottom and an inlet water temperature sensor probe was installed at the top. A 70W axial flow fan and a semi-enclosed auxiliary air outlet box were set on the lateral side of the stacked stainless steel wire mesh corrugated structured packing. The vertical air outlet of the box was 800mm high and 100mm away from the outer edge of the stainless steel wire mesh corrugated structured packing. At the start of the experiment, the axial flow fan was turned on, and 95℃ hot water from the integrated heating and cooling unit was sprayed into the upper part of the stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing at a flow rate of 340L / h. The hot water flowed into the interior of the stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing. It was observed that the water flow did not completely wet the stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing, but flowed down in several uneven fine streams. The water temperature measured at the bottom of the wire mesh cylinder was in the range of 38.1℃-38.3℃ and remained stable, indicating a significant cooling effect. In addition, the axial flow fan and the integrated heating and cooling unit were turned on, and 52℃ clean water was injected into the top of the stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing. With the flow rate and other conditions unchanged, the temperature of the clean water flowing down from the bottom was measured to be 26.8℃, which is close to the real-time wet-bulb temperature value. Conclusion: In its industrial-scale real-time design, the stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing uses a 250-type, 2000mm layer height to allow sufficient residence time for gas-liquid exchange under negative pressure conditions. The packing box is completely sealed except for the baffle plate air duct inlet and the overflow outlet of the water tray. Under the suction conditions of a powerful axial flow fan, a certain negative pressure environment is generated (the specific negative pressure needs to be measured). This causes the spray water to flow in a radial falling film form, resulting in a strong evaporative cooling effect on the surface of the water tray and the counter-current flow of the stainless steel wire mesh corrugated packing. This effectively pushes the sensible heat temperature of the spray water below the ambient wet-bulb temperature limit, creating optimal conditions for cooling the spray water in the module's upper pipe holes. Specific Implementation

[0030] Two receiving tanks were prepared. One tank contained 800 kg of clean water and was equipped with a heat exchanger pump with a flow rate of 4.5 m³ / h. It was connected to the inlet of an experimental 880*450*150 mm heat exchange module, with a heat exchange area of ​​approximately 4 m². The outlet of the heat exchange module was connected to the other receiving tank via a pipeline. Comparative experiments were conducted according to the three operating modes described in this application. The clean water in the heat exchanger tank was circulated at a constant temperature of 52℃ by a combined heating and cooling unit. The dry-bulb temperature was measured at 32.7℃ and the wet-bulb temperature at 27.2℃ in the workshop. The cooling water circulation system of the integrated heating and cooling unit is set at a temperature of 28.0℃. A 70W ordinary axial flow fan is vertically installed 250mm above the module. The pipe box from the top of the module to the fan inlet is completely enclosed, with an acrylic glass observation window on the front. Two ordinary shower spray nozzles are installed above the pipe holes of the module inside the pipe box. The bottom of the module is empty, and the circulating cooling water falls directly into the water receiving tray and enters the circulation inlet of the integrated heating and cooling unit from the bottom drain port. This group of experiments is only for observing the phenomena of several circulating cooling modes, and no wire mesh corrugated packing is placed.

[0031] 1. Non-powered air cooling: Due to the indoor operation under windless conditions, the cooling tower axial flow fan was not turned on, and the non-powered fan cap did not rotate; when the heat exchange working fluid pump was turned on, 52℃ hot water passed through the module and entered the receiving tank. The non-powered fan ball did not rotate, but the fan ball blades did not feel any heat dissipation. After running for 2 minutes, the temperature of the clean water at the outlet of the heat exchange module was basically stable between 45.6℃ and 45.9℃. 2. Active power air cooling: Turn on the axial flow variable frequency fan, set the frequency to 50Hz, drive the unpowered fan ball to rotate at full speed, turn on the process fluid water pump, and 52℃ hot water enters the receiving ton after passing through the module. There is obvious hot air dissipation from the fan ball blades. After running continuously for 2 minutes, the temperature of the heat exchange medium clean water at the module outlet stabilizes at 35.5-35.7℃. 3. Pre-cooled air + liquid-cooled quenching: The heat exchange working fluid pump is turned on, and 52℃ hot water enters the receiving tank after passing through the module. After the module is turned on, the unobstructed spraying of circulating cooling water in the tube hole area is activated. A large amount of hot air is discharged from the first 1 / 3 area of ​​the module tube hole. The non-powered fan cap rotates at full speed, and warm gas is emitted from the fan blades. The circulating cooling water sprayed in the rear area of ​​the module enters the tube hole at the edge of the tube sheet. The heat energy conducted by the tube hole in the rear 2 / 3 area is absorbed by the circulating cooling water in the tube hole and flows out and drips into the water receiving pan and is carried away. The airflow rising through the tube hole is cool air, which significantly reduces the exhaust temperature of the non-powered fan ball. Water continues to be discharged until the liquid level in the tank is close to the bottom and then stops. The module outlet temperature is measured to be 27.3℃-27.5℃.

[0032] Conclusion: The above experiment only tested the approximate heat exchange effect between the tubes and orifices of the system heat exchange medium in three operating modes, observed the direct phenomena of air cooling and liquid cooling, and sprayed water at the rated temperature of 28℃ of the integrated cooling and heating unit. The wire mesh corrugated packing material at the bottom of the module was not installed. In the rear area of ​​the module, part of the heat exchanged on the inner wall of the tubes and orifices was attracted upward by the counter-current wind force and dispersed, while part fell directly into the lower water receiving pan with the circulating cooling water and flowed back to the integrated cooling and heating unit for exchange. The temperature of the process fluid water in the module further approached the ambient wet-bulb temperature.

[0033] The process of this invention also implemented numerous local structural verification methods, mostly focusing on comparative verification of local internal structures. Currently, there is a lack of quantitative testing data for large-scale industrial-scale complete machines. Only the basic structural points of this invention are explained here; the scope of protection of this invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this invention, based on the technical solutions and improved concepts of this invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A short path radial gas cooling + liquid quenching multipurpose heat exchanger characterized in that, The rectangular or cylindrical metal or non-metal shell and internal short-pitch radial heat exchange module are shown in Figures 1 (008), 2 (005 / 008), 3 (004), and 4 (001). The process fluid enters the module's shell-side cavity and is divided between the slits, exchanging heat with each short-pitch heat exchange tube in a fine turbulent flow pattern. The radiative heat conducted within the short-pitch tube holes is immediately discharged through fan airflow or by utilizing other ambient temperature (low temperature is optimal) exhaust gases from the factory. This is suitable for use as a pre-cooling dry air system when the temperature difference between the process fluid inlet temperature and the outlet design temperature is ≥10℃. The greater the temperature difference, the more significant the effect. After the temperature difference is significantly reduced, the process fluid enters the wet liquid cooling quenching module and is then... A small amount of cooling water circulation is sufficient to quench the process fluid to the system's set heat exchange final temperature, significantly reducing the overall heat load of the cooling water. When used as a cooling tower, under conditions where the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the circulating cooling medium is ≤10℃, the circulating cooling medium can be quenched to the final temperature by directly immersing all the pipe holes with spray water under the assistance of a fan. It can achieve a wide cooling range and effect of reducing the process fluid ≤100℃ to below the ambient wet-bulb temperature by relying solely on the pre-cooled dry air cooling and self-circulating spray water cooling capacity of the module with sufficient heat exchange area without relying on other heat exchange equipment to provide a cold source. This replaces some atmospheric pressure working ranges that currently require phase change chillers or multi-stage traditional heat exchangers.

2. A short path radial gas cooling + water cooling quench multi-purpose heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein, When used as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger under conditions of large temperature and pressure differences in the process fluid, a combination of a pre-cooled dry air-cooled module and a wet liquid-cooled quenching module is adopted. The system process fluid enters the module (Figure 1 (010) and Figure 4 (001) from the inlet flange of the shell-side cavity. An active centrifugal fan (007) is installed to discharge air, or normal (low) temperature industrial waste gas is used to enter the gas distributor (006) through the air inlet of the lower tube box of the pre-cooled dry air-cooled module and is evenly delivered to each tube hole of the module. The hot air that has undergone heat exchange through the partition wall is blown by the upper part of the module. The tube box (002) is collected and dispersed into the atmosphere, or it is concentrated into the post-processing process through the pipeline. The system process fluid, after being cooled by heat exchange through the partition wall, enters the module rear area (010). The cooling liquid enters the module lower tube box (009) through the inlet (008), and then passes evenly through each tube hole in the module. The residual heat energy of the process fluid flowing in the shell cavity is transferred to the cooling liquid in the form of heat exchange through the partition wall and then discharged from the module outlet (005). The cooling liquid flows out from the outlet (004), which greatly reduces the heat load of the cooling liquid post-processing.

3. A short path radial gas + liquid quench multi-purpose heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein, When applied to a cooling tower, the temperature difference of the circulating cooling medium is relatively small. Both the top of the casing of the pre-cooled dry air-cooled module and the wet liquid-cooled quenching module of the cooling tower are equipped with non-powered wind caps (Figures 2 and 3, 001). The lower part of the non-powered wind cap is a fully enclosed pipe box (Figure 2, 002). The pipe box collects all the pipe holes of the lower pre-cooled dry air-cooled module (Figure 2, 005) to dissipate radiant heat energy. The pre-cooled dry air-cooled module has a shell-side circulating cooling medium inlet pipe flange (Figure 2, 006), and the outlet enters the wet liquid cooling medium. At the inlet of the quenching module, a positive pressure variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan is installed in the middle of the lower pipe box of the pre-dry air-cooled module (Figure 2 (009)) to collect fresh air from the bottom of the cooling tower box; the upper part of the pipe hole of the wet liquid-cooled quenching module is equipped with a corresponding specification non-powered wind cap (Figure 2 (001)) installed through the air outlet of the upper pipe box to provide air and rain protection, and a negative pressure variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan (Figure 2 (003)) is set at the lower part of the non-powered wind cap, and a non-blocking spray nozzle (Figure 2 (004)) is provided at the lower part of the negative pressure variable frequency speed-regulating axial flow fan pipe box. Evenly spray immersion water into all heat exchange tube holes of the wet liquid-cooled quenching module (Figure 2 (008)). The inlet of the circulating cooling medium in the shell cavity of the wet liquid-cooled quenching module is connected to the outlet of the pre-dry air-cooled module. The flange of the outlet pipe of the circulating cooling medium in the shell cavity of the wet liquid-cooled quenching module (Figure 2 (007)) is filled with corrugated and regular packing material (Figure 2 (010)). (005) Receives spray water flowing slowly down under negative pressure in the form of falling film. The water receiving tray is equipped with an overflow port at the center. The height of the water receiving tray is 100~200mm and the height of the overflow pipe is 80~180mm. The spray water flows into the bottom spray water tank through the overflow pipe (Figure 2 (011) Figure 3 (007)) for the spray water pump to draw and recirculate for spraying. The bottom of the water receiving tray is equipped with a drain pipe (Figure 2 (013)) and the bottom of the spray water tank is equipped with a drain pipe (Figure 2 (014)).

4. A short path radial gas + liquid quench multi-purpose heat exchanger as claimed in claim 3, wherein, When used as a cooling tower, a grille window is installed in the water receiving tray at the rear of the cooling tower casing to allow fresh air to enter. A baffle is installed 5-10mm away from the casing inside the grille window, so that solid impurities in the fresh air intake fall to the bottom of the casing. The airflow is deflected upwards and bypasses the baffle before undergoing a complete gas-liquid exchange with the spray water flowing down the surface of the corrugated packing. Except for the airflow inlet of the baffle and the overflow outlet of the water receiving tray, the casing is completely sealed, so that the corrugated packing is in a slightly negative pressure environment. The front casing of the cooling tower is equipped with a sun-proof and heat-insulating layer and an inspection door. Various sensors and pipeline electrical control valve groups are installed in corresponding positions inside the casing to collect parameters such as ambient atmospheric pressure, casing pressure, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, inlet and outlet temperature of circulating cooling water, inlet and outlet pressure, flow rate, flow rate, and spray water flow rate, flow rate, and temperature. These are connected to the control system chassis and touch screen inside the casing, and a remote transmission central control program port is provided.

5. A short path radial gas + liquid quench multi-purpose heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein The heat exchange tube holes of the multi-purpose heat exchanger module play an important role in the heat exchange between the walls. Depending on the application scenario, operating conditions, flow rate, etc., the length of the short-pitch radial module heat exchange tube is limited to 100~700mm. The shorter the tube, the better the heat exchange effect. The heat exchange tube is set with an outer diameter of 10~32mm and a wall thickness of 0.4~2.0mm in various specifications.

6. A short path radial gas + liquid quench multi-purpose heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein Modular heat exchange tubes can be made of other shaped tubes besides round tubes that are easy to generate turbulence and enhance heat exchange effect, or the tube surface can be treated. They can be made of metal, metal alloy, or non-metal materials with high thermal conductivity, certain strength, and the ability to withstand the pressure and corrosion conditions of the circulating system.

7. A short path radial gas + liquid quench multi-purpose heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein: When used as a general air-cooled radiator, it only requires the installation of circulating cooling medium inlets and outlets and intermediate reversing channels at both ends of the shell-side tube cavity, without the need for cooling liquid pipelines.

8. A short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: For specialized industry equipment requiring high-performance cooling media and high-quality spray water, install a pipe with a corresponding diameter in the inlet pipe. Passive Terahertz The anti-scaling self-cleaning device, pipe sight glass, and backlight can monitor the status of the circulating cooling water at any time.

9. A short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that... When used as a cooling tower, the overall control system automatically matches the inlet and outlet temperatures of the circulating cooling medium module to the optimal energy-saving and heat dissipation methods: the rising hot airflow within the module's tubes generates a chimney effect, and the rotation of the non-powered fan caps further assists in heat dissipation. non-powered air-cooled mode Utilizing variable frequency speed control axial flow fans Active power air cooling mode and Active pre-filter dry gas Cold + wet liquid cooling quenching mode .

10. A short-pitch radial air-cooled + liquid-cooled quenching multi-purpose heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that; When used as a cooling tower, the pre-dry air-cooled module and wet liquid-cooled quenching module are connected in series under high temperature difference conditions. A smaller spray water volume is used to control the cooling effect of a larger flow rate of circulating cooling medium. By installing a small phase change chiller and liquid mixer in the spray water recirculation pipeline, the spray water temperature can be reduced to a temperature far below the ambient wet-bulb temperature, thereby lowering the temperature of the circulating cooling medium in the system, replacing part of the phase change chiller, or improving the energy-saving effect of the phase change chiller outlet temperature.

Images