Dam site rock-soil permeability characteristic testing device and testing method

Abstract

This invention discloses a testing device and method for testing the permeability characteristics of soil and rock masses in dam site areas, belonging to the field of civil engineering technology. It solves the problem of existing soil and rock permeameters having significant limitations on the compressive deformation of soil and rock masses. The device includes: a test chamber with a central cavity and multiple pressurized cavities, the pressurized cavities being divided into multiple first-wall cavities and multiple second-wall cavities; a flexible sealing mechanism installed in the central cavity to accommodate the soil and rock mass to be tested; multiple first pressurization mechanisms installed in corresponding first-wall cavities to pressurize the soil and rock mass using water; multiple second pressurization mechanisms installed in corresponding second-wall cavities to pressurize the soil and rock mass using soil; a testing mechanism for injecting water onto the top surface of the soil and rock mass to be tested and collecting the permeated water from other surfaces; and a control mechanism for determining the permeability data of the soil and rock mass to be tested based on the collected water. This invention is used for testing the permeability characteristics of soil and rock masses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a testing device and method for testing the permeability characteristics of rock and soil in dam site areas, belonging to the field of civil engineering technology. Background Technology

[0002] In civil engineering construction fields such as water conservancy and hydropower, and transportation engineering, accurately obtaining the permeability coefficient of soil and rock is a crucial basis for seepage stability analysis and seepage prevention and drainage design. Existing methods for determining permeability coefficients are mainly divided into two categories: laboratory tests and field tests. Laboratory tests typically involve obtaining undisturbed or remolded soil samples and measuring them using a permeameter in a laboratory. Field test methods mainly include constant head injection tests and variable head injection tests. Furthermore, laboratory tests are significantly superior to field tests in terms of variable control, accuracy control, and repeatability, enabling precise measurement of the permeability characteristics of the soil and rock mass itself.

[0003] Most existing soil permeameters have rigid walls. Rigid walls are not deformable and cannot truly simulate the deformation of soil and rock under external pressure in situ. Rigid walls also impose greater constraints on the soil and affect the accuracy of permeability test results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a testing device and method for testing the permeability characteristics of rock and soil in dam site areas, which can solve the problem that existing rock and soil permeameters have large limitations on the compressive deformation of rock and soil.

[0005] On one hand, the present invention provides a device for testing the permeability characteristics of rock and soil in a dam site area, the device comprising: The test chamber has a central cavity and multiple pressurized cavities that cover the central cavity. The multiple pressurized cavities are divided into multiple first chamber wall cavities and multiple second chamber wall cavities. A flexible sealing mechanism is installed inside the central cavity to accommodate the soil and rock mass to be tested; Multiple first pressurization mechanisms correspond one-to-one with multiple first box wall cavities. The first pressurization mechanism is installed in the corresponding first box wall cavity, and its side wall in contact with the flexible sealing mechanism is a flexible wall, which is used to pressurize the rock and soil to be tested using water. Multiple second pressurizing mechanisms correspond one-to-one with multiple second box wall cavities. The second pressurizing mechanism is installed in the corresponding second box wall cavity, and its side wall in contact with the flexible sealing mechanism is a flexible wall, which is used to pressurize the rock and soil body to be tested using soil. The testing mechanism, installed within the flexible sealing mechanism, is used to inject water onto the top surface of the soil and rock mass to be tested and to collect the water that seeps out from other surfaces of the soil and rock mass to be tested. The control mechanism is connected to multiple first pressurization mechanisms, multiple second pressurization mechanisms, and the testing mechanism. It is used to control the operation of multiple first pressurization mechanisms, multiple second pressurization mechanisms, and the testing mechanism, and to determine the permeability data of the soil and rock mass to be tested based on the collected water.

[0006] Optionally, the test chamber includes: Box; Multiple assembly plates are installed inside the housing to divide the internal space of the housing into a central space and four pressurized cavities; Four first supports are installed one-to-one in the four pressurized cavities; Two second supports are disposed at the bottom and top of the central space to form two pressurizing cavities and one central cavity. Both the first and second supports are used to restrict the position of the first or second pressurizing mechanism. The assembly plate has a first square hole facing the central cavity. The first or second pressurizing mechanism passes through the first square hole to pressurize the soil and rock mass to be tested.

[0007] Optionally, the first pressurizing mechanism includes: The first capsule is installed inside the first or second support to simulate the pressurizing effect of water on the rock and soil to be tested. The pressure tube has one end connected to an external pressure device and the other end connected to the first capsule, and is used to pressurize the first capsule.

[0008] Optionally, the second pressurizing mechanism includes: The second capsule is installed inside the first or second support to simulate the pressure exerted by the soil on the rock and soil body to be tested. The force-applying unit is located on the side of the second bladder away from the flexible sealing mechanism, and is used to apply a thrust to the second bladder.

[0009] Optionally, the flexible sealing mechanism includes: A fixing frame is installed inside the central cavity; A flexible bag, disposed inside the fixing frame, is used to accommodate the soil and rock mass to be tested and the testing mechanism; Multiple sealing plates are disposed on the inner wall of the fixing frame to fill the gap between the flexible bag and the fixing frame.

[0010] Optionally, the sealing plate includes: A rigid substrate having multiple small holes arranged in a staggered manner; Multiple spring pins are arranged one-to-one in the multiple small holes to vary their length under pressure to fit the irregular surface of the rock and soil to be tested. An attachment unit is disposed on multiple spring pins for attaching to the irregular surface of the soil or rock mass to be tested.

[0011] Optionally, the testing facility includes: Multiple water collection plates are installed on the inner wall of the flexible bag and face the center of each side of the fixing frame to collect water seeping from different surfaces of the rock and soil to be tested. The water injection plate is set on the inner wall of the flexible bag and faces the center of the top surface of the fixing frame. It is used to inject water into the top surface of the rock and soil to be tested, and simultaneously receive water collected by multiple water collection plates. It is also used to seal the opening end of the flexible bag. Multiple water supply pipes, one end of which is connected to multiple water collection plates in a corresponding manner, and the other end of which is connected to the water injection plate, are used to transport the water collected by the multiple water collection plates to the water injection plate.

[0012] Optionally, a plurality of first magnets are provided on the inner wall of the fixing frame, and the water collection plate includes: A water collection substrate is disposed on the inner wall of the flexible bag, and a first square groove is formed on the side away from the flexible bag; the water collection substrate is connected to the water supply pipe; The first permeable plate is set in the first square groove to receive water seeping out of the rock and soil body to be tested; A diversion plate is disposed between the first square groove and the first permeable plate to guide the water entering the first permeable plate toward the water collection substrate. Multiple second magnets are disposed on the side of the water collection substrate near the flexible bag, and each second magnet corresponds to a position of a plurality of first magnets. The magnetic properties of the second magnets are different from those of the first magnets.

[0013] Optionally, the water injection plate includes: A water injection base plate is disposed on the top surface inside the flexible bag and is connected to the water supply pipe; Multiple third magnets are disposed on the side of the water injection substrate near the flexible bag, and are disposed one-to-one with multiple first magnets. The magnetic properties of the third magnets are different from those of the first magnets. A base tube is fixed on the water injection base plate and communicates with the water injection base plate, and is disposed on the top surface of the flexible bag, with the open end of the flexible bag passing through the base tube. The second permeable plate is disposed on the side of the water injection substrate that is away from the flexible bag; A sealing unit is fitted onto the open end of the flexible bag to seal the opening of the flexible bag.

[0014] Optionally, the force-applying unit includes: A push plate is disposed on the side of the second bladder away from the flexible sealing mechanism, for applying pressure to the second bladder; A push rod is installed on the side of the push plate away from the second bladder body; A hydraulic cylinder is located outside the housing, and its piston rod is fixedly connected to the push rod to apply thrust to the push rod.

[0015] Optionally, the flexible sealing mechanism further includes: Six square gaskets, one side of which is connected to the four assembly plates and the two second brackets respectively, and the other side is connected to the six sides of the fixing frame respectively; the square gaskets are provided with second square holes that are directly opposite to the first square holes, and the six sides of the fixing frame are provided with third square holes that are directly opposite to the second square holes; the square gaskets are used to fill the gaps between the assembly plates and the second brackets.

[0016] Optionally, the attachment unit includes: A silicone sheet is disposed on and covers the plurality of spring pins; A rubber membrane is placed on the silicone sheet to conform to the irregular surface of the soil or rock to be tested.

[0017] Optionally, the sealing unit includes: A sealing ring is fitted onto the open end of the flexible bag; A rubber ring is fitted onto the sealing ring and cooperates with the sealing ring to seal the opening of the flexible bag.

[0018] Optionally, the water injection base plate has a second flow channel and multiple third flow channels. Water from multiple water supply pipes enters the multiple third flow channels one by one. The base pipe has a fourth flow channel and multiple fifth flow channels. The fourth flow channel is connected to the second flow channel, and the multiple third flow channels are connected to the multiple fifth flow channels one by one. The water injected into the rock and soil body to be tested passes through the fourth flow channel, the second flow channel, and the second permeable plate in sequence, and finally enters the interior of the rock and soil body to be tested. The water collected by the multiple water collection plates passes through the multiple water supply pipes, the multiple third flow channels, and the multiple fifth flow channels in sequence, and finally enters the control mechanism.

[0019] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for testing the permeability characteristics of rock and soil in a dam site area, the method being applied to any of the aforementioned permeability characteristic testing devices for rock and soil in a dam site area, the method comprising: S1. The soil and rock mass to be tested is squeezed into the flexible sealing mechanism and the testing mechanism is installed. S2. Install a first pressurizing mechanism and / or a second pressurizing mechanism in multiple pressurizing cavities, and install the flexible sealing mechanism in the central cavity; S3. The control mechanism controls the testing mechanism to continuously pressurize and inject water into the soil and rock to be tested, so as to saturate the soil and rock to be tested. At the same time, the first pressurizing mechanism and the second pressurizing mechanism apply a constant pressure to the soil and rock to be tested. S4. The control mechanism is used to control the first pressurizing mechanism and the second pressurizing mechanism to apply test pressure, while the test mechanism is controlled to deliver water and collect permeate water. S5. Determine the permeability data of the soil and rock mass to be tested based on the collected permeable water.

[0020] The beneficial effects that this invention can produce include: The permeability testing equipment for dam site soil and rock masses provided by this invention uses flexible wall structures in both the first and second pressurization mechanisms to pressurize the soil and rock mass under test, which improves the realism of the simulation of soil and rock mass under pressure deformation. Simultaneously, the second pressurization mechanism utilizes soil to pressurize the soil and rock mass under test, which can more realistically simulate the in-situ stress on the soil and rock mass. This solves the problem of existing soil and rock permeameters having significant limitations on soil and rock mass under pressure deformation. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the permeability testing equipment for the dam site soil and rock mass provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 An exploded view of the permeability testing equipment for the dam site soil and rock mass provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 An exploded view of the test chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible sealing mechanism and testing mechanism provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of region B in the middle; Figure 6 An exploded view of the flexible sealing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of region C in the middle; Figure 8 An exploded view of the sealing plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the flexible bag in the open state and the testing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 An exploded view of the water collection plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 A side view of the water collection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 for Figure 11 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 13 An exploded view of the water injection plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 A side view of the water injection substrate and base tube provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 for Figure 14 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction.

[0022] Figure label: 10. Test chamber; 11. Chamber body; 12. Chamber lid; 13. Assembly plate; 14. Second bracket; 15. First bracket; 20. First pressurizing mechanism; 21. First bladder; 22. Pressurizing tube; 30. Second pressurizing mechanism; 31. Second bladder; 32. Push plate; 33. Push rod; 34. Hydraulic cylinder; 40. Flexible sealing mechanism; 41. Square gasket; 42. Fixing frame; 421. Top cover; 422. Base; 43. Sealing plate; 431. Rigid base plate; 432. Spring 433. Pin; 434. Silicone sheet; 435. Rubber membrane; 44. Flexible bag; 45. First magnet; 50. Testing mechanism; 51. Water collection plate; 511. Water collection base plate; 512. First permeable plate; 513. Drainage plate; 514. Second magnet; 52. Water injection plate; 521. Water injection base plate; 522. Second permeable plate; 523. Third magnet; 524. Rubber ring; 525. Sealing ring; 526. Base tube; 53. Water delivery pipe; 60. Measuring unit; 70. Control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0023] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail.

[0024] This invention provides a device for testing the permeability characteristics of soil and rock masses in a dam site area, such as... Figures 1 to 15 As shown, the device includes: The test chamber 10 has a central cavity and multiple pressurized cavities that cover the central cavity. The multiple pressurized cavities are divided into multiple first chamber wall cavities and multiple second chamber wall cavities. The flexible sealing mechanism 40 is installed in the central cavity to accommodate the soil and rock mass to be tested; Multiple first pressurizing mechanisms 20 correspond one-to-one with multiple first box wall cavities. The first pressurizing mechanism 20 is installed in the corresponding first box wall cavity. Its side wall that contacts the flexible sealing mechanism 40 is a flexible wall, which is used to pressurize the rock and soil to be tested using water. Multiple second pressurizing mechanisms 30 correspond one-to-one with multiple second box wall cavities. The second pressurizing mechanism 30 is installed in the corresponding second box wall cavity. Its side wall that contacts the flexible sealing mechanism 40 is a flexible wall, which is used to pressurize the rock and soil body to be tested using soil. The testing mechanism 50 is installed inside the flexible sealing mechanism 40 and is used to inject water into the top surface of the rock and soil body to be tested and to collect the water that seeps out from other surfaces of the rock and soil body to be tested. The control mechanism is connected to multiple first pressurization mechanisms 20, multiple second pressurization mechanisms 30 and testing mechanism 50, and is used to control the operation of multiple first pressurization mechanisms 20, multiple second pressurization mechanisms 30 and testing mechanism 50, and to determine the permeability data of the soil and rock to be tested based on the collected water.

[0025] The control mechanism includes a measurement unit 60 and a control unit 70. The measurement unit 60 is used to supply pressurized water to the testing mechanism 50 and measure the water collected by the testing mechanism 50 to convert it into permeability data of the soil and rock to be tested. The control unit 70 is used to control the operation of the permeability characteristic testing equipment and process the permeability data to generate visualization charts.

[0026] In this embodiment of the invention, both the first pressurizing mechanism 20 and the second pressurizing mechanism 30 adopt a flexible wall structure to pressurize the rock and soil to be tested, realizing the technical solution of three flexible walls, which can improve the realism of the simulation of rock and soil deformation under pressure and solve the problem that the existing rock and soil permeameter has great limitations on the deformation of rock and soil under pressure.

[0027] Furthermore, the test chamber 10 includes: Box 11; Multiple assembly plates 13 are installed inside the housing 11 to divide the internal space of the housing 11 into a central space and four pressurized cavities; Four first supports 15 are set one-to-one in the four pressurized cavities; Two second supports 14 are set at the bottom and top of the central space to form two pressurized cavities and a central cavity. The first support 15 and the second support 14 are used to restrict the position of the first pressurizing mechanism 20 or the second pressurizing mechanism 30. The assembly plate 13 has a first square hole in the position opposite to the central cavity. The first pressurizing mechanism 20 or the second pressurizing mechanism 30 passes through the first square hole to pressurize the rock and soil to be tested.

[0028] In this invention, there can be four assembly plates 13.

[0029] like Figure 2and Figure 3 As shown, the test box 10 includes: a box body 11, a box cover 12, four assembly plates 13, four first supports 15, and two second supports 14. The box cover 12 is installed on the box body 11; the four assembly plates 13 are installed inside the box body 11 to form four pressurizing cavities and a central space together with the box body 11 and the box cover 12; the four first supports 15 are arranged one-to-one in the four pressurizing cavities, and the first supports 15 are used to restrict the position of the first pressurizing mechanism 20 or the second pressurizing mechanism 30; the two second supports 14 are arranged at the bottom and top of the central space to form two pressurizing cavities and a central cavity, and the second supports 14 are used to restrict the position of the first pressurizing mechanism 20 or the second pressurizing mechanism 30; wherein, the assembly plate 13 has a first square hole in the position opposite to the central cavity, and the first pressurizing mechanism 20 or the second pressurizing mechanism 30 passes through the first square hole to pressurize the rock and soil to be tested. Each assembly plate 13 has a first limiting groove extending vertically in the middle part, and the four sides of the inner wall of the box 11 have corresponding second limiting grooves extending vertically. The first end of each assembly plate 13 is installed in the first limiting groove of another assembly plate 13, and the second end is installed in the second limiting groove of the corresponding side wall of the box 11. The four assembly plates 13 are arranged in a windmill shape to limit each other, and form four pressurized cavities and a central space inside the box 11. This structure does not require welding or bolts for connection, and is fixedly installed through the limiting grooves, which facilitates disassembly and assembly. The upper and lower ends of the central space are each equipped with a second support 14. The second support 14 has a space inside, thus forming a pressurized cavity at the top and bottom and a central cavity, for a total of six pressurized cavities. The six pressurized cavities include multiple first box wall cavities and multiple second box wall cavities. The first pressurization mechanism 20 is installed in the first box wall cavity, and the second pressurization mechanism 30 is installed in the second box wall cavity. In this embodiment, there are three first box wall cavities and three second box wall cavities.

[0030] Furthermore, the first pressurization mechanism 20 includes: The first capsule 21 is installed in the first support 15 or the second support 14 to simulate the pressurizing effect of water on the rock and soil to be tested. The pressurization tube 22 has one end connected to an external pressurization device and the other end connected to the first bladder 21, and is used to pressurize the first bladder 21.

[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the first pressurizing mechanism 20 includes a first bladder 21 and a pressurizing pipe 22. The first bladder 21 is installed inside the first support 15 or the second support 14, and is used to simulate the pressurizing effect of water on the soil and rock to be tested. The first end of the pressurizing pipe 22 is connected to the first bladder 21 to pressurize it; the second end of the pressurizing pipe 22 is connected to an external pressurizing device. The first bladder 21 can be filled with air or water. In this embodiment, the water inside the first bladder 21 is continuously pressurized by the pressurizing pipe 22 and a pressure pump. The pressure pump can maintain a fixed pressure in the first bladder 21 or change the pressure as needed. The first bladder 21 is made of rubber and has high elasticity and high ductility. Therefore, the first bladder 21 can continuously transmit pressure to the soil and rock to be tested inside the flexible sealing mechanism 40 through the first square hole. At the same time, the pressurizing pipe 22 and the first bladder 21 are also equipped with a pressure relief valve and a solenoid valve. When the pressure exceeds the safe value, the pressure is automatically released to ensure the normal operation of the first pressurizing mechanism 20.

[0032] Furthermore, the second pressurization mechanism 30 includes: The second capsule 31 is installed in the first support 15 or the second support 14 to simulate the pressure effect of the soil on the rock and soil body to be tested. The force-applying unit is located on the side of the second bladder 31 away from the flexible sealing mechanism 40, and is used to apply thrust to the second bladder 31.

[0033] The force-applying unit includes: The push plate 32 is located on the side of the second bladder 31 away from the flexible sealing mechanism 40, and is used to pressurize the second bladder 31. Push rod 33 is installed on the side of push plate 32 away from the second bladder 31; The hydraulic cylinder 34 is located outside the housing 11, and its piston rod is fixedly connected to the push rod 33 for applying thrust to the push rod 33.

[0034] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the second pressurizing mechanism 30 includes: a second bladder 31, a push plate 32, a push rod 33, and a hydraulic cylinder 34. The second bladder 31 is installed inside the first bracket 15 or the second bracket 14, with one side of the second bladder 31 in close contact with the flexible sealing mechanism 40. The second bladder 31 is used to simulate the pressurization effect of soil on the rock and soil body to be tested. The push plate 32 is located on the side of the second bladder 31 away from the flexible sealing mechanism 40, and the push plate 32 is used to pressurize the second bladder 31. The push rod 33 is installed on the side of the push plate 32 away from the second bladder 31. The hydraulic cylinder 34 is located outside the housing 11, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 34 is fixedly connected to the push rod 33. The hydraulic cylinder 34 is used to provide thrust and transmit the thrust to the push plate 32 through the push rod 33. This invention targets the soil and rock mass in dam site areas. Therefore, to fully simulate the in-situ pressure conditions of the soil and rock mass, soil samples from near the target soil and rock mass are first collected, supersaturated, and then poured into the second capsule 31. The opening of the second capsule 31 is then sealed. Under the pressure of the push plate 32, the second capsule 31 transmits pressure through the first square hole to the target soil and rock mass within the flexible sealing mechanism 40. Soil and ordinary water have different physical properties. Soil has a certain viscosity and shear strength, and exhibits viscoplastic deformation under pressure. Ordinary water can only withstand pressure and cannot resist shear deformation, exhibiting pure viscous flow characteristics. The second capsule 31, filled with in-situ soil, can more realistically simulate the in-situ stress on the target soil and rock mass. Furthermore, the second capsule 31 is made of rubber material, possessing high elasticity and high ductility, and can serve as a flexible wall structure to pressurize the target soil and rock mass. Furthermore, the first pressurizing mechanism 20 and the second pressurizing mechanism 30 in this invention can be freely combined and arranged on the six surfaces of the flexible sealing mechanism 40 according to experimental requirements, so as to fully simulate the stresses in the three orthogonal directions of the maximum principal stress, intermediate principal stress, and minimum principal stress. In this embodiment, three second pressurizing mechanisms 30 and three first pressurizing mechanisms 20 are used, with each first pressurizing mechanism 20 directly opposite a second pressurizing mechanism 30. The three flexible walls mentioned in this invention refer to three pairs of flexible walls located in three orthogonal directions, and both the first pressurizing mechanism 20 and the second pressurizing mechanism 30 are flexible wall pressurization schemes.

[0035] Furthermore, the flexible sealing mechanism 40 includes: Fixture 42 is installed inside the central cavity; A flexible bag 44 is set inside the fixing frame 42 to accommodate the soil and rock to be tested and the testing mechanism 50; Multiple sealing plates 43 are disposed on the inner wall of the fixing frame 42 to fill the gap between the flexible bag 44 and the fixing frame 42.

[0036] The flexible sealing mechanism 40 also includes: Six square gaskets 41, one side of which is connected to the four assembly plates 13 and the two second brackets 14 respectively, and the other side is connected to the six sides of the fixing frame 42 respectively; the square gaskets 41 are provided with second square holes that are directly opposite to the first square holes, and the six sides of the fixing frame 42 are provided with third square holes that are directly opposite to the second square holes; the square gaskets 41 are used to fill the gap between the assembly plates 13 and the second brackets 14.

[0037] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, the flexible sealing mechanism 40 includes: six square gaskets 41, a fixing frame 42, multiple sealing plates 43, and a flexible bag 44. The first surfaces of six square gaskets 41 are connected one-to-one with the four assembly plates 13 and the two second supports 14. Each of the six square gaskets 41 has a second square hole, which is directly opposite the first square hole. The fixing frame 42 is installed in the central cavity and is used to indirectly fix the position of the soil and rock to be tested. The second surfaces of the six square gaskets 41 are connected one-to-one with the six surfaces of the fixing frame 42. Each of the six surfaces of the fixing frame 42 has a third square hole, which is directly opposite the second square hole. The six square gaskets 41 are used to fill the gap between the assembly plates 13 and the second supports 14. Multiple sealing plates 43 are set on the inner wall of the fixing frame 42. The multiple sealing plates 43 are set parallel to the side edges of the fixing frame 42 along the length direction and close to the side edges. A flexible bag 44 is set inside the fixing frame 42. The flexible bag 44 is used to contain the soil and rock to be tested and the testing mechanism 50. The flexible bag 44 is tightly attached to the soil and rock to be tested under the pressure of multiple first pressure mechanisms 20 and multiple second pressure mechanisms 30. The overall function of the flexible sealing mechanism 40 is to contain the soil and rock to be tested and fully fix its position, creating a suitable pressurization environment for the pressurization mechanism. The flexible bag 44 isolates the soil and rock to be tested from the pressurization mechanism. Six square gaskets 41 fill the gap between the flexible sealing mechanism 40 and the four assembly plates 13. Each of the six sides of the fixing frame 42 has a corresponding third-party hole, allowing the first capsule 21 and the second capsule 31 to sequentially transmit pressure to the soil and rock to be tested within the flexible bag 44 through the first square hole, the second square hole, and the third-party hole, ensuring that the flexible bag 44 fits tightly against the irregular surface of the soil and rock to be tested. The fixing frame 42 includes a top cover 421 and a base 422, which are connected by bolts. The flexible bag 44 has only one open end, which faces upwards. The testing mechanism 50 and the soil and rock to be tested are placed inside the flexible bag 44.

[0038] Furthermore, the sealing plate 43 includes: A rigid substrate 431 has multiple small holes on it, and the multiple small holes are arranged in a staggered manner. Multiple spring pins 432 are set in multiple small holes in a one-to-one correspondence, and are used to change their length under pressure to fit the irregular surface of the rock and soil to be tested; The attachment unit is set on multiple spring pins 432 and is used to attach to the irregular surface of the soil and rock to be tested.

[0039] The attachment unit includes: A silicone sheet 433 is disposed on and covers multiple spring pins 432; A rubber membrane 434 is placed on a silicone sheet 433 to conform to the irregular surface of the soil or rock to be tested.

[0040] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the sealing plate 43 includes: a rigid base plate 431, multiple spring pins 432, a silicone sheet 433, and a rubber membrane 434. The rigid base plate 431 has multiple small holes arranged in a staggered pattern. Multiple spring pins 432 are correspondingly disposed within the multiple small holes, and are used to vary their length under pressure to conform to the irregular surface of the soil or rock being tested. The silicone sheet 433 is disposed on the multiple spring pins 432 and is used to conform to the irregular surface of the soil or rock being tested. The rubber membrane 434 is disposed on the silicone sheet 433 and is used to conform to the irregular surface of the soil or rock being tested. Multiple sealing plates 43 are disposed on the inner wall of the fixing frame 42 near the side edges. The fixing frame 42 is a frame structure, and the multiple sealing plates 43 are disposed around each side of the fixing frame 42. The main function of the sealing plates 43 is to prevent water from seeping between the soil or rock being tested and the flexible bag 44 because the soil or rock being tested cannot conform tightly to the inner wall of the fixing frame 42. The main body of the sealing plate 43 is a rigid substrate 431, which can be fixed to the fixing frame 42 by screws. The spring pins 432 can change length under pressure. Multiple spring pins 432 are arranged in a staggered array. At the same time, the silicone sheet 433 and the rubber membrane 434 also have high elasticity and high ductility. When multiple spring pins 432 are attached to the surface of the rock and soil to be tested, there are still gaps between each spring pin 432. The silicone sheet 433 and the rubber membrane 434 can fill the gaps. The sealing plate 43 composed of this can fully fit the irregular surface of the rock and soil to be tested under pressure, reducing the seepage of water between the rock and soil to be tested and the flexible bag 44, making the test data of permeability characteristics more accurate.

[0041] Furthermore, the 50 testing organizations include: Multiple water collection plates 51 are installed on the inner wall of the flexible bag 44 and are positioned directly opposite the center of each side of the fixing frame 42 to collect water seeping from different surfaces of the rock and soil to be tested. Water injection plate 52 is set on the inner wall of flexible bag 44 and is located at the center of the top surface of fixed frame 42. It is used to inject water into the top surface of the rock and soil to be tested, and simultaneously receive water collected by multiple water collection plates 51. It is also used to seal the opening end of flexible bag 44. Multiple water pipes 53 are connected at one end to multiple water collection plates 51 and at the other end to water injection plates 52, for transporting water collected by the multiple water collection plates 51 to the water injection plates 52.

[0042] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 9As shown, the testing mechanism 50 includes: multiple water collection plates 51, a water injection plate 52, and multiple water delivery pipes 53. The multiple water collection plates 51 are disposed on the inner wall of the flexible bag 44 and are correspondingly positioned at the center of each side of the fixing frame 42. The multiple water collection plates 51 are used to collect water seeping from different surfaces of the soil or rock to be tested. The water injection plate 52 is disposed on the inner wall of the flexible bag 44 and is correspondingly positioned at the center of the top surface of the fixing frame 42. The water injection plate 52 is used to inject water into the top surface of the soil or rock to be tested and simultaneously receive water collected by the multiple water collection plates 51. The water injection plate 52 is also used to seal the open end of the flexible bag 44. The first ends of the multiple water delivery pipes 53 are correspondingly connected to the multiple water collection plates 51, and the second ends of the multiple water delivery pipes 53 are connected to the water injection plate 52. The multiple water delivery pipes 53 are used to transfer the water collected by the multiple water collection plates 51 to the water injection plate 52. The permeability characteristics of the soil and rock mass to be tested are anisotropic. In order to accurately measure its permeability characteristics, in this embodiment, the flexible bag 44 is cuboid in shape and has six sides. A water injection plate 52 is installed on the top wall inside the flexible bag 44, and a water collection plate 51 is installed at the center of the four side walls and the bottom wall of the flexible bag 44. The positions of the four side walls and the bottom wall are the installation surfaces. The water flowing out from the water injection plate 52 passes through the interior of the soil and rock mass to be tested and then enters multiple water collection plates 51. Setting multiple water collection plates 51 can not only measure the anisotropy of its permeability characteristics, but also be used to verify each other to improve the accuracy of the measurement results. The water supply pipe 53 is a small-diameter, high-pressure resistant water supply pipe. The water supply pipe 53 is inserted into a metal strip with a square cross-section and a through hole along its length. The water supply pipe 53 passes through this through hole. The metal strip is placed inside a flexible bag 44, which has high elasticity and high ductility. A long, narrow groove corresponding to the shape of the metal strip is pre-reserved on the fixing frame 42. The depth, width, and length of this groove correspond one-to-one with the length, width, and length of the metal strip's cross-section. During installation, the metal strip is placed inside the flexible bag 44. The metal strip can press a portion of the inner wall of the flexible bag 44 into the long, narrow groove, making the surface of the metal strip 5 mm lower than the surface of the sealing plate. The thickness of the sealing plate 43 can be changed under pressure. Therefore, when the sealing plate 43 is subjected to pressure from the soil and rock being tested, the sealing plate 43 can change its thickness and be flush with the surface of the metal strip. Each water collection plate 51 corresponds to one water supply pipe 53 and one metal strip.

[0043] Furthermore, a plurality of first magnets 45 are provided on the inner wall of the fixing frame 42, and the water collection plate 51 includes: A water collection substrate 511 is disposed on the inner wall of the flexible bag 44, and a first square groove is formed on the side away from the flexible bag 44; the water collection substrate 511 is connected to the water supply pipe 53. The first permeable plate 512 is set in the first square groove to receive water seeping out of the rock and soil to be tested; A diversion plate 513 is disposed between the first square groove and the first permeable plate 512 to guide the water entering the first permeable plate 512 toward the water collection substrate 511. Multiple second magnets 514 are disposed on the side of the water collection substrate 511 near the flexible bag 44, and correspond one-to-one with the positions of multiple first magnets 45. The magnetism of the second magnets 514 and the first magnets 45 is different.

[0044] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the water collection plate 51 includes: a water collection base plate 511, a first water permeable plate 512, a diversion plate 513, and a plurality of second magnets 514. Multiple first magnets 45 are provided on the inner wall of the fixing frame 42. A water collection base plate 511 is provided on the inner wall of the flexible bag 44. A first square groove is opened on the side of the water collection base plate 511 away from the flexible bag 44. A first permeable plate 512 is provided in the first square groove. The first permeable plate 512 is used to receive water seeping out of the rock and soil to be tested. A diversion plate 513 is provided between the first square groove and the first permeable plate 512. The diversion plate 513 is used to guide the water entering the first permeable plate 512 to flow to the water collection base plate 511. Multiple second magnets 514 are provided on the side of the water collection plate 51 close to the flexible bag 44. Multiple first magnets 45 and multiple second magnets 514 are correspondingly provided and are magnetically attracted to fix the water collection plate 51 in a preset position. The water collection base plate 511 has a first inner cavity and a first flow channel communicating with the first inner cavity. The water seeping out of the rock and soil to be tested passes through the first permeable plate 512, the diversion plate 513, the first inner cavity and the first flow channel in sequence and enters the water delivery pipe 53. A water collection plate 51 is installed inside the flexible bag 44 and corresponds to the center of the mounting surface of the fixing frame 42. A second magnet 514 is installed at each end of the side of the water collection plate 51 closest to the flexible bag 44. A first magnet 45 is positioned on the frame of the fixing frame 42 at a corresponding location. The installation is achieved through magnetic attraction, allowing for both positioning and fixation over the flexible bag 44. Two sealing plates 43 are installed on both sides of the fixing frame 42 where the first magnets 45 are located, forming a mounting groove. The fixing frame 42 has multiple mounting grooves, and each water collection plate 51 is installed into two corresponding mounting grooves over the flexible bag 44. Each end of the water collection plate 51 corresponds to one mounting groove. The first permeable plate 512 directly contacts the soil and rock being tested and is used to collect water seeping from it. A water outlet is also provided on the water collection plate 511, and the first end of the water supply pipe 53 is connected to this outlet.

[0045] Furthermore, the water injection plate 52 includes: The water injection substrate 521 is disposed on the top surface inside the flexible bag 44 and is connected to the water supply pipe 53. Multiple third magnets 523 are disposed on the side of the water injection substrate 521 near the flexible bag 44, and are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with multiple first magnets 45. The magnetic properties of the third magnets 523 and the first magnets 45 are different. The base tube 526 is fixed on the water injection base plate 521 and communicates with the water injection base plate 521, and is disposed on the top surface of the flexible bag 44, with the open end of the flexible bag 44 passing through the base tube 526. The second permeable plate 522 is provided on the side of the water injection base plate 521 that is away from the flexible bag 44; A sealing unit is fitted onto the open end of the flexible bag 44 to seal the opening of the flexible bag 44.

[0046] The sealing unit includes: A sealing ring 525 is fitted onto the open end of the flexible bag 44; A rubber ring 524 is fitted onto a sealing ring 525 and cooperates with the sealing ring 525 to seal the opening of the flexible bag 44.

[0047] The water injection base plate 521 has a second flow channel and multiple third flow channels. Water from multiple water supply pipes 53 enters the multiple third flow channels one by one. The base pipe 526 has a fourth flow channel and multiple fifth flow channels. The fourth flow channel is connected to the second flow channel, and the multiple third flow channels are connected to the multiple fifth flow channels one by one. The water injected into the rock and soil to be tested passes through the fourth flow channel, the second flow channel, and the second permeable plate 522 in sequence, and finally enters the interior of the rock and soil to be tested. The water collected by multiple water collection plates 51 passes through multiple water supply pipes 53, multiple third flow channels, and multiple fifth flow channels in sequence, and finally enters the control mechanism.

[0048] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 9 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, the water injection plate 52 includes: a water injection base plate 521, multiple third magnets 523, a base tube 526, a second permeable plate 522, a sealing ring 525, and a rubber ring 524. The water injection base plate 521 is disposed on the top surface inside the flexible bag 44; multiple third magnets 523 are disposed on the side of the water injection plate 52 close to the flexible bag 44, and the multiple third magnets 523 are correspondingly disposed with multiple first magnets 45 and are magnetically attracted to fix the water injection plate 52 in a preset position; the base tube 526 is connected to the water injection base plate 521 and disposed on the top surface of the flexible bag 44, with the open end of the flexible bag 44 passing through the base tube 526; the second permeable plate 522 is disposed on the side of the water injection base plate 521 away from the flexible bag 44; the sealing ring 525 is sleeved on the open end of the flexible bag 44; the rubber ring 524... A rubber ring 524 is fitted onto a sealing ring 525 and cooperates with the sealing ring 525 to seal the opening of the flexible bag 44. The main body of the water injection plate 52 can be divided into a water injection base plate 521 and a base tube 526. The water injection base plate 521 is installed inside the flexible bag 44 and corresponds to the center of the top wall of the fixing frame 42. A third magnet 523 is installed at each end of the side of the water injection base plate 521 near the flexible bag 44. A first magnet 45 is provided at a corresponding position on the frame of the fixing frame 42. The water injection base plate 521 is positioned and installed by magnetic attraction between the first magnet 45 and the third magnet 523. In this embodiment, the flexible bag 44 can be a rubber bag. The flexible bag 44 has a vertically upward opening end. The base tube 526 extends vertically. The opening end of the flexible bag 44 is fitted onto the base tube 526. A sealing ring 525 is fitted onto the opening end of the flexible bag 44, and a rubber ring 524 is fitted onto the sealing ring 525 to seal the opening end of the flexible bag 44. Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the pressurized cavity on the top surface of the test chamber 10 is designed as the first chamber wall cavity, and the first bladder 21 is installed in it. The first bladder 21 has a through hole in the middle. The through hole does not affect the sealing of the first bladder 21 and is used to pass through the base tube 526. After the first bladder 21 is pressurized, it will also act on the sealing ring 525, the rubber ring 524 and the opening end of the flexible bag 44, so as to press the opening end of the flexible bag 44 tightly onto the base tube 526, so as to ensure that the soil and rock to be tested and the water inside it do not leak from the base tube 526 and the opening end of the flexible bag 44 to the outside of the flexible bag 44. In this embodiment, the water injection substrate 521 has five third flow channels, three fifth flow channels are located at one end of the water injection substrate 521, two fifth flow channels are located at the other end of the water injection substrate 521, the second flow channel is perpendicular to the water injection substrate 521 and is located at the center of the water injection substrate 521, the base tube 526 has a fourth flow channel and five fifth flow channels along its length, and the five fifth flow channels are arranged around the fourth flow channel. The second, third, fourth and fifth flow channels are all through holes and are connected to external pipes through threaded interfaces.

[0049] In this embodiment, the measuring unit 60 is connected to the base pipe 526 of the water injection plate 52 through a pipe, injects water with a preset pressure into the fourth flow channel of the base pipe 526 through the pipe, and is connected to the five fifth flow channels of the base pipe 526 through the pipe, and measures the flow rate and total amount of water flowing out of each fifth flow channel respectively, and processes the water flow data to convert it into permeability test data. The control unit 70 is connected to multiple first pressurizing mechanisms 20, multiple second pressurizing mechanisms 30, a testing mechanism 50, and a measuring unit 60 to control the operation of the permeability testing equipment. The control unit 70 is also used to process permeability test data to generate visualization charts. The control unit 70 can control the pressurization pressure of the multiple first pressurizing mechanisms 20 and multiple second pressurizing mechanisms 30 and control the water pressure injected into the water injection plate 52 by the measuring unit 60. In this invention, the measuring unit 60 and the control unit 70 make the overall solution of this invention more complete, so as to fully realize the process of permeability measurement. However, the components and functions used by the measuring unit 60 and the control unit 70 are all existing technologies or combinations of existing technologies, and are relatively mature. They are not considered as the innovation points of this invention. Therefore, the more detailed solutions and technical features of the measuring unit 60 and the control unit 70 will not be described here. Existing technical solutions can be referred to for implementation.

[0050] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing the permeability characteristics of soil and rock masses in a dam site area. The method is applied to any of the aforementioned permeability characteristic testing devices for soil and rock masses in a dam site area. The method includes: S1. The soil and rock mass to be tested is squeezed into the flexible sealing mechanism 40 and the testing mechanism 50 is installed.

[0051] Specifically, it includes: (1) First, open the top cover 421 of the fixing frame 42, and then place the flexible bag 44 inside the fixing frame 42. The bottom, side and top surfaces of the flexible bag 44 correspond to the bottom, side and top surfaces of the fixing frame 42 in sequence. The open end of the flexible bag 44 is placed facing upward and is located outside the top surface of the fixing frame 42. The water collection plate 51 is installed in the corresponding mounting grooves on the four sides and bottom of the flexible bag 44, with the flexible bag 44 in between. The water collection plate 51 is positioned and fixed to the fixing frame 42 by multiple first magnets 45 and multiple second magnets 514. Multiple water pipes 53 and multiple metal strips are installed on the water injection plate 52. The multiple water pipes are inserted into the multiple metal strips one by one. The multiple metal strips are installed in the multiple long grooves reserved on the fixing frame 42 with the flexible bag 44 in between.

[0052] (2) Use a sampler to take samples from the dam site area in situ and shape the soil and rock to be tested into a cuboid. The size of the cuboid is smaller than the outer contour size of the flexible sealing mechanism 40 and larger than the inner contour size of the flexible sealing mechanism 40.

[0053] (3) The prepared rock and soil body to be tested is squeezed into the interior of the flexible bag 44 and a water injection plate 52 is installed on the top surface of the rock and soil body to be tested. Multiple water supply pipes 53 are connected to the water injection plate 52. The rock and soil body to be tested is in contact with the sealing plate 43 through the flexible bag 44. The surface of the sealing plate 43 can fully fit the irregular surface of the rock and soil body to be tested. The size of the rock and soil body to be tested that is larger than the inner contour of the flexible sealing mechanism 40 can be compensated by the sealing plate 43. Then, the open end of the flexible bag 44 is sleeved on the base pipe 526 and the top cover 421 is installed on the base 422.

[0054] S2. Install the first pressurizing mechanism 20 and / or the second pressurizing mechanism 30 in multiple pressurizing cavities, and install the flexible sealing mechanism 40 in the central cavity.

[0055] Specifically, three first pressurizing mechanisms 20 and three second pressurizing mechanisms 30 are installed in the six pressurizing cavities of the test chamber 10, and a flexible sealing mechanism 40 is installed in the central cavity at the same time. Each pressurizing cavity corresponds to one first pressurizing mechanism 20 or one second pressurizing mechanism 30. From the perspective of the front of the test chamber 10, the pressurizing cavities on the right, front, and bottom are designed as second chamber wall cavities and the second pressurizing mechanisms 30 are installed in them. The pressurizing cavities on the top, left, and rear are designed as first chamber wall cavities and the first pressurizing mechanisms 20 are installed in them.

[0056] S3. The control mechanism controls the testing mechanism 50 to continuously pressurize and inject water into the soil and rock to be tested, so as to saturate the soil and rock to be tested. At the same time, the first pressurizing mechanism 20 and the second pressurizing mechanism 30 apply constant pressure to the soil and rock to be tested.

[0057] Specifically, the following steps are taken: Install the cover 12, turn on the power, and control the test mechanism 50 and the measurement unit 60 through the control unit 70 to continuously pressurize and inject water into the soil and rock to be tested so that the soil and rock to be tested is saturated. At the same time, the first pressurizing mechanism 20 and the second pressurizing mechanism 30 apply constant pressure to the soil and rock to be tested. This process is to saturate the soil and rock to be tested under constant pressure so as to achieve the state required for the permeability test.

[0058] S4. The control mechanism controls the first pressurizing mechanism 20 and the second pressurizing mechanism 30 to apply test pressure, while the test mechanism 50 is controlled to deliver water and collect permeate water.

[0059] Specifically, after the soil and rock mass to be tested is saturated, the control unit 70 controls the three first pressurizing mechanisms 20 and the three second pressurizing mechanisms 30 to apply the pressure to be tested, while the measuring unit 60 controls the water supply to the testing mechanism 50 and measures the flow rate and total amount of the returned seepage water to establish a corresponding relationship.

[0060] S5. Determine the permeability data of the soil and rock mass to be tested based on the collected permeable water.

[0061] Specifically, a set of pressure values ​​is set according to the test requirements, and the permeation data of the three first pressure-pressurizing mechanisms 20 and the three second pressure-pressurizing mechanisms 30 are measured multiple times under the same set of pressure values. The permeation characteristics are then visualized through the control unit 70.

[0062] This invention employs flexible wall structures in both the first and second pressurizing mechanisms to pressurize the tested rock and soil mass, thereby improving the realism of the simulation of compressive deformation. Simultaneously, the second pressurizing mechanism utilizes soil to pressurize the tested rock and soil mass, further simulating in-situ stress on the mass. This solves the problem of existing rock and soil permeameters having significant limitations on the compressive deformation of rock and soil.

[0063] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A device for testing the permeability characteristics of rock and soil in a dam site area, characterized in that, The device includes: The test chamber has a central cavity and multiple pressurized cavities that cover the central cavity. The multiple pressurized cavities are divided into multiple first chamber wall cavities and multiple second chamber wall cavities. A flexible sealing mechanism is installed inside the central cavity to accommodate the soil and rock mass to be tested; Multiple first pressurization mechanisms correspond one-to-one with multiple first box wall cavities. The first pressurization mechanism is installed in the corresponding first box wall cavity, and its side wall in contact with the flexible sealing mechanism is a flexible wall, which is used to pressurize the rock and soil to be tested using water. Multiple second pressurizing mechanisms correspond one-to-one with multiple second box wall cavities. The second pressurizing mechanism is installed in the corresponding second box wall cavity, and its side wall in contact with the flexible sealing mechanism is a flexible wall, which is used to pressurize the rock and soil body to be tested using soil. The testing mechanism, installed within the flexible sealing mechanism, is used to inject water onto the top surface of the soil and rock mass to be tested and to collect the water that seeps out from other surfaces of the soil and rock mass to be tested. The control mechanism is connected to multiple first pressurization mechanisms, multiple second pressurization mechanisms, and the testing mechanism. It is used to control the operation of multiple first pressurization mechanisms, multiple second pressurization mechanisms, and the testing mechanism, and to determine the permeability data of the soil and rock mass to be tested based on the collected water.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test chamber includes: Box; Multiple assembly plates are installed inside the housing to divide the internal space of the housing into a central space and four pressurized cavities; Four first supports are installed one-to-one in the four pressurized cavities; Two second supports are disposed at the bottom and top of the central space to form two pressurizing cavities and one central cavity. Both the first and second supports are used to restrict the position of the first or second pressurizing mechanism. The assembly plate has a first square hole facing the central cavity. The first or second pressurizing mechanism passes through the first square hole to pressurize the soil and rock mass to be tested.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first pressurization mechanism includes: The first capsule is installed inside the first or second support to simulate the pressurizing effect of water on the rock and soil to be tested. The pressure tube has one end connected to an external pressure device and the other end connected to the first capsule, and is used to pressurize the first capsule.

4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second pressurizing mechanism includes: The second capsule is installed inside the first or second support to simulate the pressure exerted by the soil on the rock and soil body to be tested. The force-applying unit is located on the side of the second bladder away from the flexible sealing mechanism, and is used to apply a thrust to the second bladder.

5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flexible sealing mechanism includes: A fixing frame is installed inside the central cavity; A flexible bag, disposed inside the fixing frame, is used to accommodate the soil and rock mass to be tested and the testing mechanism; Multiple sealing plates are disposed on the inner wall of the fixing frame to fill the gap between the flexible bag and the fixing frame.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sealing plate includes: A rigid substrate having multiple small holes arranged in a staggered manner; Multiple spring pins are arranged one-to-one in the multiple small holes to vary their length under pressure to fit the irregular surface of the rock and soil to be tested. An attachment unit is disposed on multiple spring pins for attaching to the irregular surface of the soil or rock mass to be tested.

7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The testing facility includes: Multiple water collection plates are installed on the inner wall of the flexible bag and face the center of each side of the fixing frame to collect water seeping from different surfaces of the rock and soil to be tested. The water injection plate is set on the inner wall of the flexible bag and faces the center of the top surface of the fixing frame. It is used to inject water into the top surface of the rock and soil to be tested, and simultaneously receive water collected by multiple water collection plates. It is also used to seal the opening end of the flexible bag. Multiple water supply pipes, one end of which is connected to multiple water collection plates in a corresponding manner, and the other end of which is connected to the water injection plate, are used to transport the water collected by the multiple water collection plates to the water injection plate.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inner wall of the fixing frame is provided with a plurality of first magnets, and the water collection plate includes: A water collection substrate is disposed on the inner wall of the flexible bag, and a first square groove is formed on the side away from the flexible bag; the water collection substrate is connected to the water supply pipe; The first permeable plate is set in the first square groove to receive water seeping out of the rock and soil body to be tested; A diversion plate is disposed between the first square groove and the first permeable plate to guide the water entering the first permeable plate toward the water collection substrate. Multiple second magnets are disposed on the side of the water collection substrate near the flexible bag, and each second magnet corresponds to a position of a plurality of first magnets. The magnetic properties of the second magnets are different from those of the first magnets.

9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The water injection plate includes: A water injection base plate is disposed on the top surface inside the flexible bag and is connected to the water supply pipe; Multiple third magnets are disposed on the side of the water injection substrate near the flexible bag, and are disposed one-to-one with multiple first magnets. The magnetic properties of the third magnets are different from those of the first magnets. A base tube is fixed on the water injection base plate and communicates with the water injection base plate, and is disposed on the top surface of the flexible bag, with the open end of the flexible bag passing through the base tube. The second permeable plate is disposed on the side of the water injection substrate that is away from the flexible bag; A sealing unit is fitted onto the open end of the flexible bag to seal the opening of the flexible bag.

10. A method for testing the permeability characteristics of rock and soil in a dam site area, characterized in that, The method is applied to the permeability testing equipment for soil and rock masses in the dam site area as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the method includes: S1. The soil and rock mass to be tested is squeezed into the flexible sealing mechanism and the testing mechanism is installed. S2. Install a first pressurizing mechanism and / or a second pressurizing mechanism in multiple pressurizing cavities, and install the flexible sealing mechanism in the central cavity; S3. The control mechanism controls the testing mechanism to continuously pressurize and inject water into the soil and rock to be tested, so as to saturate the soil and rock to be tested. At the same time, the first pressurizing mechanism and the second pressurizing mechanism apply a constant pressure to the soil and rock to be tested. S4. The control mechanism is used to control the first pressurizing mechanism and the second pressurizing mechanism to apply test pressure, while the test mechanism is controlled to deliver water and collect permeate water. S5. Determine the permeability data of the soil and rock mass to be tested based on the collected permeable water.

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