A Blockchain-Based Method for Traceability of Heating Furnace Product Quality and Carbon Footprint

Abstract

This application discloses a blockchain-based method for tracing the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products, including: generating and binding a unique digital identity for each steel billet entering the furnace; collecting key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data in real time; storing the collected data in an off-chain database after asymmetric encryption, and simultaneously binding the hash value of the encrypted data with the digital identity and writing it into the blockchain; calculating the carbon footprint data of a single product based on the instantaneous energy consumption data and a pre-set carbon emission factor library, and recording it or its hash value in association with the digital identity on the blockchain; responding to traceability query requests, verifying permissions through a smart contract, and returning on-chain evidence information or decrypted off-chain original data according to the permissions. This invention achieves reliable evidence storage and tamper-proofing of production data, precise traceability at the single-piece level, and reliable carbon footprint accounting, while balancing data openness and process privacy protection through hierarchical authorization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of industrial intelligent manufacturing technology, and in particular to a method for tracing the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products. Background Technology

[0002] In the industrial manufacturing sector, especially in process-oriented production processes such as smelting and heating, product quality traceability is a crucial means of achieving quality control and problem identification. Existing traceability methods have already been proposed.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent document CN109272256A discloses a method for tracing aluminum molten metal. This method generates unique identification information (such as a unique identification number for the reverberatory furnace, aluminum ladle, induction furnace, holding furnace, and casting equipment) at each process node, including the reverberatory furnace, aluminum ladle, induction furnace, holding furnace, and casting equipment. These identification numbers are used as indexes to store basic information about the aluminum molten metal at each stage (including weight, inspection status, material grade, batch number, and source number), forming first to fifth traceability records. When traceability is required, all traceability records are retrieved based on conditions such as material grade, batch, shift, raw material number, or production date to determine the source of the aluminum molten metal and related production information. This method achieves process-level traceability in the smelting process, improving traceability efficiency and accuracy compared to traditional manual recording methods.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies still have the following shortcomings:

[0005] First, the data storage method is a traditional centralized database or record system, with key process parameters and inspection reports maintained unilaterally by the company. When product quality disputes arise, downstream customers or third parties are unlikely to accept the data provided unilaterally by the company, raising questions about the data's reliability.

[0006] Second, although the solution can achieve process-level traceability, the traceability information is mainly organized around the "furnace" or "batch" level, and it fails to accurately manage the entire life cycle of a single product (such as a single steel billet or a single casting), making it difficult to meet the needs of high-end customers for personalized product traceability.

[0007] Third, with increasing global emphasis on carbon emission management, product carbon footprint has become an important quality and environmental indicator. Existing traceability methods do not involve precise accounting and reliable recording of carbon emissions during the production process of individual products. Carbon footprint data are mostly macro-level estimates and lack verifiable evidence based on actual production process data.

[0008] Fourth, regarding data access control, existing methods do not finely differentiate access permissions for different roles. On the one hand, companies want to protect core process parameters, formulas, and other trade secrets; on the other hand, customers need to verify the process compliance and quality data of products. Existing systems struggle to strike a balance between data openness and privacy protection. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This application provides a method for tracing the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products, aiming to solve the problems in the prior art, such as the ease with which production data can be tampered with, resulting in insufficient credibility; the traceability granularity is only at the batch level and cannot be accurate to the individual piece; the carbon footprint accounting lacks accurate verification based on real process data; and the difficulty in balancing data openness and process privacy protection.

[0010] Firstly, a blockchain-based method for tracing the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products is provided, including:

[0011] Step S1: Receive the furnace entry signal of the steel billet entering the heating furnace, generate a globally unique digital identity based on the furnace entry signal, and bind the digital identity to the steel billet to be traced;

[0012] Step S2: During the billet heating process, the key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data corresponding to the billet are collected in real time.

[0013] Step S3: Perform asymmetric encryption on the collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data to obtain encrypted raw data, and store the encrypted raw data in the off-chain database; at the same time, perform hash operation on the encrypted raw data to obtain data hash value, bind the data hash value with the digital identity identifier, generate a notarized transaction record and write it into the distributed blockchain network.

[0014] Step S4: Based on the instantaneous energy consumption data and the pre-set carbon emission factor library, calculate the carbon footprint data of the single product corresponding to the steel billet; associate the carbon footprint data of the single product or its hash value with the digital identity identifier, and record it in the distributed blockchain;

[0015] Step S5: In response to an external traceability query request, the access rights of the querying party are verified through a smart contract, and the on-chain evidence information or decrypted off-chain original data corresponding to the digital identity is returned based on the verification result.

[0016] Optionally, in the above scheme, step S2, the real-time acquisition of key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data corresponding to the steel billet includes:

[0017] Through industrial gateways deployed on the heating furnace production line, the heating temperature, residence time, real-time air-fuel ratio, gas consumption, and power consumption are received from sensors.

[0018] Using the trusted execution environment embedded in the industrial gateway, the received data is digitally signed to obtain the original data with timestamps and source signatures;

[0019] In step S3, the asymmetric encryption processing of the collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data is specifically performed by encrypting the original data with timestamps and source signatures using a preset public key.

[0020] Optionally, in the above scheme, the off-chain database is a time-series database;

[0021] In step S3, storing the encrypted raw data in an off-chain database includes:

[0022] An index is created based on the digital identity, and the encrypted raw data with time-series tags is stored in the time-series database.

[0023] Optionally, in the above scheme, step S4, calculating the carbon footprint data of the single product corresponding to the steel billet includes:

[0024] Extract the cumulative gas consumption and cumulative electricity consumption of the steel billet throughout the entire heating process from the instantaneous energy consumption data;

[0025] Call the pre-set carbon emission factor library to obtain the natural gas carbon emission factor and electricity carbon emission factor for the current time period;

[0026] Based on the cumulative gas consumption, cumulative electricity consumption, and corresponding carbon emission factors, the total carbon emissions of the steel billet during the heating process are dynamically calculated and used as the carbon footprint data of the single product.

[0027] Optionally, in the above scheme, step S5, responding to the traceability query request, verifying the queryer's access rights through a smart contract, and returning the on-chain evidence information corresponding to the digital identity or the decrypted off-chain original data based on the verification result, includes:

[0028] Receive traceability query requests containing the queryer's identity information and the target's digital identity identifier;

[0029] The smart contract deployed on the distributed blockchain is invoked to determine whether the identity information of the querying party has the permission level to access the data corresponding to the target digital identity.

[0030] If the permission level is Level 1, only the data hash value and single-product carbon footprint data stored in the distributed blockchain will be returned.

[0031] If the permission level is Level 2, the corresponding encrypted raw data is retrieved from the off-chain database, decrypted using the private key paired with the public key, and the decrypted key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data are returned to the querying party.

[0032] Secondly, a blockchain-based traceability system for the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products is provided, including:

[0033] The digital identity generation module is used to receive the furnace entry signal of the steel billet entering the heating furnace, generate a globally unique digital identity based on the furnace entry signal, and bind the digital identity to the steel billet to be traced.

[0034] The data acquisition module is used to collect key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data of the steel billet in real time during the steel billet heating process.

[0035] The collaborative storage module is used to perform asymmetric encryption processing on the collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data to obtain encrypted raw data, and store the encrypted raw data in an off-chain database; and to perform hash operation on the encrypted raw data to obtain a data hash value, bind the data hash value with the digital identity identifier, generate a notarized transaction record and write it into the distributed blockchain.

[0036] The carbon footprint calculation module is used to calculate the carbon footprint data of a single product corresponding to the steel billet based on the instantaneous energy consumption data and the pre-set carbon emission factor library, and associate the carbon footprint data of the single product or its hash value with the digital identity identifier and record it in the distributed blockchain.

[0037] The authorized access module is used to respond to traceability query requests, verify the access rights of the querying party through a smart contract, and return the on-chain evidence information or decrypted off-chain original data corresponding to the digital identity based on the verification result.

[0038] Optionally, in the above scheme, the data acquisition module includes an industrial gateway unit;

[0039] The industrial gateway unit is equipped with a trusted execution environment, which is used to receive heating temperature, residence time, real-time air-fuel ratio, gas consumption and power consumption uploaded by sensors, and to digitally sign the received data.

[0040] The collaborative storage module is specifically used to encrypt digitally signed data using a preset public key.

[0041] Optionally, in the above scheme, the off-chain database is a time-series database;

[0042] The collaborative storage module is also used to create an index according to the digital identity and store the encrypted raw data with time series tags into the time series database.

[0043] Optionally, in the above scheme, the carbon footprint calculation module is specifically used for:

[0044] Extract the cumulative gas consumption and cumulative electricity consumption of the steel billet throughout the entire heating process from the instantaneous energy consumption data;

[0045] Call the pre-set carbon emission factor library to obtain the natural gas carbon emission factor and electricity carbon emission factor for the current time period;

[0046] Based on the cumulative gas consumption, cumulative electricity consumption, and corresponding carbon emission factors, the total carbon emissions of the steel billet during the heating process are dynamically calculated.

[0047] Optionally, in the above scheme, the authorized access module is specifically used for:

[0048] Receive traceability query requests containing the queryer's identity information and the target's digital identity identifier;

[0049] The smart contract deployed on the distributed blockchain is invoked to determine whether the identity information of the querying party has the permission level to access the data corresponding to the target digital identity.

[0050] If the permission level is Level 1, only the data hash value and single product carbon footprint data stored in the distributed blockchain will be returned.

[0051] If the permission level is Level 2, the corresponding encrypted raw data is retrieved from the off-chain database, decrypted using the private key paired with the public key, and the decrypted key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data are returned.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0053] Based on further analysis and research of the problems in the prior art, this application recognizes that the prior art has problems such as production data being easily tampered with, resulting in insufficient credibility; traceability granularity only down to the batch level and not accurate to the individual piece level; carbon footprint accounting lacking accurate verification based on real process data; and difficulty in balancing data openness and process privacy protection. This application utilizes an on-chain / off-chain collaborative storage mechanism to store the hash values ​​of key process parameters and energy consumption data on the blockchain, while encrypting and storing the original data off-chain. This ensures that production data is tamper-proof and verifiable, solving the problem of insufficient data credibility. By generating a globally unique digital identity for each steel billet and applying it throughout the entire process, the traceability granularity is accurate down to the individual product level, overcoming the limitation of existing technologies that can only trace to batches. Based on the on-chain trusted instantaneous energy consumption data and a pre-built carbon emission factor library, the carbon footprint of each product is dynamically calculated and stored on the blockchain, achieving accurate carbon footprint calculation and trusted verification based on real process data. Simultaneously, through smart contracts, tiered authorization is granted to querying parties, returning on-chain stored information or decrypted original data according to the permission level. This effectively protects the privacy of core enterprise processes while ensuring customer verification needs, balancing the dual requirements of data openness and trade secret protection. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a blockchain-based method for tracing the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a blockchain-based method for tracing the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0057] In the description of this application: unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., in this application are intended to distinguish the objects referred to and do not have any special meaning in terms of technical connotation (e.g., they should not be construed as an emphasis on importance or order). Expressions such as "including," "comprising," and "having" also mean "not limited to" (certain units, components, materials, steps, etc.).

[0058] In one embodiment, a blockchain-based method for tracing the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products is provided, including:

[0059] Step S1: Receive the furnace entry signal of the steel billet entering the heating furnace, generate a globally unique digital identity based on the furnace entry signal, and bind the digital identity to the steel billet to be traced;

[0060] Step S2: During the billet heating process, the key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data corresponding to the billet are collected in real time.

[0061] Step S3: Perform asymmetric encryption on the collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data to obtain encrypted raw data, and store the encrypted raw data in the off-chain database; at the same time, perform hash operation on the encrypted raw data to obtain data hash value, bind the data hash value with the digital identity identifier, generate a notarized transaction record and write it into the distributed blockchain network.

[0062] Step S4: Based on the instantaneous energy consumption data and the pre-set carbon emission factor library, calculate the carbon footprint data of the single product corresponding to the steel billet; associate the carbon footprint data of the single product or its hash value with the digital identity identifier, and record it in the distributed blockchain;

[0063] Step S5: In response to an external traceability query request, the access rights of the querying party are verified through a smart contract, and the on-chain evidence information or decrypted off-chain original data corresponding to the digital identity is returned based on the verification result.

[0064] This embodiment provides a blockchain-based method for tracing the product quality and carbon footprint of heating furnaces. This method can be applied to process manufacturing scenarios such as steel and metallurgy, enabling reliable evidence storage and traceability of the steel billet production process in the heating furnace. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0065] Step S1: Digital Identity Creation. The system receives the furnace entry signal for the steel billet and generates a globally unique digital identity for it. This digital identity is then bound to the billet to be traced. This digital identity serves as the billet's unique "digital ID card" throughout the entire heating process, encompassing data collection, storage, carbon footprint calculation, and subsequent traceability. Optionally, this digital identity can be attached to the final product as a QR code for subsequent scanning and traceability.

[0066] Step S2: Production process data acquisition. During the movement of the steel billet in the heating furnace, key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data corresponding to the billet are collected in real time. Specifically, data such as heating temperature, residence time, real-time air-fuel ratio, gas consumption, and electricity consumption can be obtained in real time through sensors (such as thermocouples, flow meters, and smart meters) deployed on the heating furnace production line.

[0067] The collected data is first sent to an industrial gateway with a trusted execution environment. The industrial gateway digitally signs the data to generate original data with timestamps and source signatures, thereby ensuring that the data is tamper-proof from the source of collection.

[0068] Step S3: On-chain-off-chain collaborative storage. Asymmetric encryption is performed on the collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data to obtain encrypted raw data, which is then stored in an off-chain database. This off-chain database can be a time-series database, indexed according to digital identity identifiers, to efficiently store the encrypted raw data with time-series tags, meeting the storage needs of high-frequency industrial data.

[0069] Simultaneously, a hash operation is performed on the encrypted original data to obtain a data hash value. This hash value is then bound to a digital identity identifier to generate a notarized transaction record, which is written to the distributed blockchain network. Since the hash value cannot be tampered with after being uploaded to the blockchain, any tampering with the original data can be detected through hash comparison, thereby ensuring the authenticity and verifiability of the production data.

[0070] Step S4: Carbon Footprint Calculation and On-Chain Evidence Storage. Based on the instantaneous energy consumption data written to the blockchain (as a trusted data source) and a pre-set carbon emission factor library, the carbon footprint data of the single product corresponding to the steel billet is calculated. Specifically, the cumulative gas consumption and cumulative electricity consumption of the steel billet in each heating stage (such as preheating stage, heating stage, and soaking stage) during the entire heating process can be extracted from the instantaneous energy consumption data. The natural gas carbon emission factor and electricity carbon emission factor corresponding to the current time period are obtained by calling the carbon emission factor library, and the total carbon emissions of the steel billet during the heating process are dynamically accumulated and calculated.

[0071] Subsequently, the carbon footprint data of the individual product or its hash value is associated with a digital identity and recorded on a distributed blockchain to complete the "credible finalization" of the carbon footprint, providing verifiable credentials for the product's environmental attributes.

[0072] Step S5: Hierarchical Authorization and Trusted Traceability. In response to external traceability query requests, the access rights of the querying party are verified through a smart contract deployed on the blockchain. Based on the verification result, the on-chain evidence information corresponding to the digital identity or the decrypted off-chain original data is returned.

[0073] Specifically, when the querying party has the first level of access (such as customer access), only the data hash value, single-product carbon footprint data, and verification information of some key process parameters stored in the distributed blockchain are returned. Customers can use this to verify process compliance and the authenticity of the carbon footprint, while the core process parameters remain protected. When the querying party has the second level of access (such as internal quality engineer access), the corresponding encrypted raw data is retrieved from the off-chain database, decrypted using the private key paired with the encryption public key, and the decrypted key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data are returned for in-depth quality analysis.

[0074] In one embodiment, step S2, the real-time acquisition of key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data corresponding to the steel billet, includes:

[0075] Through industrial gateways deployed on the heating furnace production line, the heating temperature, residence time, real-time air-fuel ratio, gas consumption, and power consumption are received from sensors.

[0076] Using the trusted execution environment embedded in the industrial gateway, the received data is digitally signed to obtain the original data with timestamps and source signatures;

[0077] In step S3, the asymmetric encryption processing of the collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data is specifically performed by encrypting the original data with timestamps and source signatures using a preset public key.

[0078] During the process of the steel billet moving in the heating furnace, the key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data corresponding to the steel billet are collected in real time.

[0079] Specifically, through industrial gateways deployed on the heating furnace production line, data such as heating temperature, residence time, real-time air-fuel ratio, gas consumption, and power consumption are received from sensors. These sensors may include thermocouples, flow meters, smart meters, etc., and are deployed in key locations such as the preheating section, heating section, and soaking section of the heating furnace.

[0080] To prevent data tampering at the data acquisition source, this embodiment further employs an industrial gateway equipped with a trusted execution environment (TEA). This industrial gateway embeds a TEA (such as hardware-secure trusted computing technology). Upon receiving sensor data, it uses the TEA to digitally sign the received data, generating original data with a timestamp and source signature. This digital signature ensures the authenticity and integrity of the data; any tampering with the data will invalidate the signature, thus achieving tamper protection from the data acquisition source.

[0081] The collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data are subjected to asymmetric encryption. Specifically, the raw data with timestamps and source signatures obtained in step S2 is encrypted using a preset public key to obtain encrypted raw data. This encrypted raw data is then stored in an off-chain database. This off-chain database can be a time-series database, indexed according to digital identity identifiers, to efficiently store the encrypted raw data with time-series tags, thus meeting the storage needs of high-frequency industrial data.

[0082] In one embodiment, the off-chain database is a time-series database;

[0083] In step S3, storing the encrypted raw data in an off-chain database includes:

[0084] An index is created based on the digital identity, and the encrypted raw data with time-series tags is stored in the time-series database.

[0085] In one embodiment, the off-chain database is a time-series database. When storing encrypted raw data in the off-chain database, an index is created according to the digital identity identifier, and the encrypted raw data with time-series tags is stored in the time-series database. The time-series database can efficiently process high-frequency, timestamped industrial data. By creating an index according to the digital identity identifier, the complete process data of a specific steel billet can be quickly located, providing efficient retrieval support for subsequent traceability queries.

[0086] Simultaneously, a hash operation is performed on the encrypted original data to obtain a data hash value. This hash value is then bound to a digital identity identifier to generate a notarized transaction record, which is written to the distributed blockchain network. Since the hash value cannot be tampered with after being uploaded to the blockchain, any tampering with the original data can be detected through hash comparison, thereby ensuring the authenticity and verifiability of the production data.

[0087] In one embodiment, step S4, calculating the carbon footprint data of the single product corresponding to the steel billet, includes:

[0088] Extract the cumulative gas consumption and cumulative electricity consumption of the steel billet throughout the entire heating process from the instantaneous energy consumption data;

[0089] Call the pre-set carbon emission factor library to obtain the natural gas carbon emission factor and electricity carbon emission factor for the current time period;

[0090] Based on the cumulative gas consumption, cumulative electricity consumption, and corresponding carbon emission factors, the total carbon emissions of the steel billet during the heating process are dynamically calculated and used as the carbon footprint data of the single product.

[0091] Based on the instantaneous energy consumption data written into the blockchain (as a trusted data source) and the pre-set carbon emission factor library, the carbon footprint data of the single product corresponding to the steel billet is calculated.

[0092] In one embodiment, the specific process for calculating the carbon footprint data of a single product is as follows: First, the cumulative gas consumption and cumulative electricity consumption of the steel billet during the entire heating process are extracted from the instantaneous energy consumption data. It should be noted that the entire heating process can be divided into multiple heating sections (such as a preheating section, a heating section, and a soaking section). The energy consumption data of each section is collected in real time by sensors and recorded on the chain. The cumulative gas consumption and cumulative electricity consumption are the sum of the energy consumption of each section.

[0093] Secondly, a pre-set carbon emission factor database is accessed to obtain the natural gas carbon emission factor and electricity carbon emission factor for the current time period. This carbon emission factor database can be dynamically updated according to emission standards in different regions and periods to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the calculation results.

[0094] Finally, based on the cumulative gas consumption, cumulative electricity consumption and corresponding carbon emission factors, the total carbon emissions of the steel billet during the heating process are dynamically calculated and used as the carbon footprint data of the single product.

[0095] Subsequently, the carbon footprint data of the individual product or its hash value is associated with a digital identity and recorded on a distributed blockchain to complete the "credible finalization" of the carbon footprint, providing verifiable credentials for the product's environmental attributes.

[0096] In one embodiment, step S5, in response to a traceability query request, verifying the queryer's access rights via a smart contract, and returning the on-chain evidence information or decrypted off-chain original data corresponding to the digital identity based on the verification result, includes:

[0097] Receive traceability query requests containing the queryer's identity information and the target's digital identity identifier;

[0098] The smart contract deployed on the distributed blockchain is invoked to determine whether the identity information of the querying party has the permission level to access the data corresponding to the target digital identity.

[0099] If the permission level is Level 1, only the data hash value and single-product carbon footprint data stored in the distributed blockchain will be returned.

[0100] If the permission level is Level 2, the corresponding encrypted raw data is retrieved from the off-chain database, decrypted using the private key paired with the public key, and the decrypted key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data are returned to the querying party.

[0101] In response to external traceability query requests, the access rights of the querying party are verified through a smart contract deployed on the blockchain, and the on-chain evidence information or decrypted off-chain raw data corresponding to the digital identity is returned based on the verification result.

[0102] In one embodiment, this step is implemented as follows:

[0103] First, a traceability query request containing the queryer's identity information and the target's digital identity identifier is received. This query request can be triggered by a user scanning a QR code attached to the final product, which encodes the target steel billet's digital identity information.

[0104] Secondly, the smart contract deployed on the distributed blockchain is invoked to determine whether the querying party's identity information has the appropriate permission level to access the data corresponding to the target digital identity. The smart contract has preset permission levels for different roles (such as customers and internal quality engineers), and the role is determined by verifying the querying party's digital identity or wallet address.

[0105] If the access level is Level 1 (e.g., customer access), only the data hash value and individual product carbon footprint data stored in the distributed blockchain are returned. Customers can use this to verify process compliance and carbon footprint authenticity, while core process parameters and other trade secrets remain protected. Specifically, customers can obtain the verification hash of key process parameters, download the original data themselves, and compare the hash values ​​to confirm that the data has not been tampered with.

[0106] If the access level is Level 2 (e.g., internal quality engineer access), the corresponding encrypted raw data is retrieved from the off-chain database, decrypted using the private key paired with the public key, and the decrypted key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data are returned to the querying party. Internal quality engineers can then obtain all detailed raw process data for in-depth quality analysis, process optimization, and troubleshooting. The private key paired with the public key can be managed and distributed via smart contracts, further ensuring the security and controllability of key usage.

[0107] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further explained below with reference to illustrations and specific examples.

[0108] Combination Figure 1 Taking a steel billet numbered "SLAB-2024E-001" as an example, the implementation process of the present invention will be explained in detail.

[0109] (1) Digital identity creation: When the billet is put into the furnace, the system assigns it a unique number IDSLAB-2024E-001 and generates a corresponding QR code, which is printed and circulated with the billet.

[0110] (2) Data Acquisition and Reliable Processing:

[0111] In the preheating, heating, and soaking sections of the heating furnace, sensors such as thermocouples, flow meters, and smart meters are used to collect data on the billet's temperature, air-fuel ratio, and fuel consumption in real time.

[0112] These high-frequency raw data (e.g., [timestamp, SLAB-2024E-001, temperature: 1250℃, gas volume: 15.6m³]) are first sent to an industrial gateway with a trusted execution environment. The gateway digitally signs the data to ensure its authenticity.

[0113] (3) Carbon footprint calculation and evidence storage:

[0114] The carbon footprint calculation module listens to the hash of energy consumption data related to SLAB-2024E-001 on the blockchain. After successful verification, it retrieves the corresponding raw energy consumption data from the off-chain database.

[0115] Based on the carbon emission factor database (e.g., the emission factor for natural gas consumption is 2.75 kg CO2 / m³), the total carbon emission of this steel billet is calculated to be 42.9 kg CO2.

[0116] The final carbon footprint result of 42.9 kg CO2 and its calculation summary are hashed again and written into the blockchain to complete the "trusted final version" of the carbon footprint.

[0117] (4) Hierarchical authorization and traceability query:

[0118] Scenario 1 (Customer Inquiry): After receiving the steel plate, the customer scans the QR code. The system initiates a transaction to the customer's wallet address, calling the smart contract. After the contract verifies the customer's role, it authorizes access to a dedicated page. This page displays: "Steel billet ID: SLAB-2024E-001, Heating process compliance: Yes, Heating process carbon footprint: 42.9kgCO2 (already stored on the blockchain)", and provides verification hashes for key temperature curves. The customer can download the original data (requires enterprise-authorized decryption key) and verify the hashes to confirm that the data has not been tampered with.

[0119] Scenario 2 (Internal Quality Inspection): An internal quality engineer logs into the system, and the smart contract recognizes his advanced privileges, allowing him to directly decrypt and view all the raw data of SLAB-2024E-001 for in-depth quality analysis.

[0120] In one embodiment, a blockchain-based traceability system for the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products is provided, comprising:

[0121] The digital identity generation module is used to receive the furnace entry signal of the steel billet entering the heating furnace, generate a globally unique digital identity based on the furnace entry signal, and bind the digital identity to the steel billet to be traced.

[0122] The data acquisition module is used to collect key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data of the steel billet in real time during the steel billet heating process.

[0123] The collaborative storage module is used to perform asymmetric encryption processing on the collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data to obtain encrypted raw data, and store the encrypted raw data in an off-chain database; and to perform hash operation on the encrypted raw data to obtain a data hash value, bind the data hash value with the digital identity identifier, generate a notarized transaction record and write it into the distributed blockchain.

[0124] The carbon footprint calculation module is used to calculate the carbon footprint data of a single product corresponding to the steel billet based on the instantaneous energy consumption data and the pre-set carbon emission factor library, and associate the carbon footprint data of the single product or its hash value with the digital identity identifier and record it in the distributed blockchain.

[0125] The authorized access module is used to respond to traceability query requests, verify the access rights of the querying party through a smart contract, and return the on-chain evidence information or decrypted off-chain original data corresponding to the digital identity based on the verification result.

[0126] In one embodiment, the data acquisition module includes an industrial gateway unit;

[0127] The industrial gateway unit is equipped with a trusted execution environment, which is used to receive heating temperature, residence time, real-time air-fuel ratio, gas consumption and power consumption uploaded by sensors, and to digitally sign the received data.

[0128] The collaborative storage module is specifically used to encrypt digitally signed data using a preset public key.

[0129] In one embodiment, the off-chain database is a time-series database;

[0130] The collaborative storage module is also used to create an index according to the digital identity and store the encrypted raw data with time series tags into the time series database.

[0131] In one embodiment, the carbon footprint calculation module is specifically used for:

[0132] Extract the cumulative gas consumption and cumulative electricity consumption of the steel billet throughout the entire heating process from the instantaneous energy consumption data;

[0133] Call the pre-set carbon emission factor library to obtain the natural gas carbon emission factor and electricity carbon emission factor for the current time period;

[0134] Based on the cumulative gas consumption, cumulative electricity consumption, and corresponding carbon emission factors, the total carbon emissions of the steel billet during the heating process are dynamically calculated.

[0135] In one embodiment, the authorized access module is specifically used for:

[0136] Receive traceability query requests containing the queryer's identity information and the target's digital identity identifier;

[0137] The smart contract deployed on the distributed blockchain is invoked to determine whether the identity information of the querying party has the permission level to access the data corresponding to the target digital identity.

[0138] If the permission level is Level 1, only the data hash value and single product carbon footprint data stored in the distributed blockchain will be returned.

[0139] If the permission level is Level 2, the corresponding encrypted raw data is retrieved from the off-chain database, decrypted using the private key paired with the public key, and the decrypted key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data are returned.

[0140] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based method for tracing the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Receive the furnace entry signal of the steel billet entering the heating furnace, generate a globally unique digital identity based on the furnace entry signal, and bind the digital identity to the steel billet to be traced; Step S2: During the billet heating process, the key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data corresponding to the billet are collected in real time. Step S3: Perform asymmetric encryption on the collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data to obtain encrypted raw data, and store the encrypted raw data in the off-chain database; at the same time, perform hash operation on the encrypted raw data to obtain data hash value, bind the data hash value with the digital identity identifier, generate a notarized transaction record and write it into the distributed blockchain network. Step S4: Based on the instantaneous energy consumption data and the pre-set carbon emission factor library, calculate the carbon footprint data of the single product corresponding to the steel billet; associate the carbon footprint data of the single product or its hash value with the digital identity identifier, and record it in the distributed blockchain; Step S5: In response to an external traceability query request, the access rights of the querying party are verified through a smart contract, and the on-chain evidence information or decrypted off-chain original data corresponding to the digital identity is returned based on the verification result.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the real-time acquisition of key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data corresponding to the steel billet includes: Through industrial gateways deployed on the heating furnace production line, the heating temperature, residence time, real-time air-fuel ratio, gas consumption, and power consumption are received from sensors. Using the trusted execution environment embedded in the industrial gateway, the received data is digitally signed to obtain the original data with timestamps and source signatures; In step S3, the asymmetric encryption processing of the collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data is specifically performed by encrypting the original data with timestamps and source signatures using a preset public key.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The off-chain database is a time-series database; In step S3, storing the encrypted raw data in an off-chain database includes: An index is created based on the digital identity, and the encrypted raw data with time-series tags is stored in the time-series database.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the calculation of the carbon footprint data of the single product corresponding to the steel billet includes: Extract the cumulative gas consumption and cumulative electricity consumption of the steel billet throughout the entire heating process from the instantaneous energy consumption data; Call the pre-set carbon emission factor library to obtain the natural gas carbon emission factor and electricity carbon emission factor for the current time period; Based on the cumulative gas consumption, cumulative electricity consumption, and corresponding carbon emission factors, the total carbon emissions of the steel billet during the heating process are dynamically calculated and used as the carbon footprint data of the single product.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S5, responding to the traceability query request, verifying the queryer's access rights through a smart contract, and returning the on-chain evidence information or decrypted off-chain original data corresponding to the digital identity based on the verification result, includes: Receive traceability query requests containing the queryer's identity information and the target's digital identity identifier; The smart contract deployed on the distributed blockchain is invoked to determine whether the identity information of the querying party has the permission level to access the data corresponding to the target digital identity. If the permission level is Level 1, only the data hash value and single-product carbon footprint data stored in the distributed blockchain will be returned. If the permission level is Level 2, the corresponding encrypted raw data is retrieved from the off-chain database, decrypted using the private key paired with the public key, and the decrypted key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data are returned to the querying party.

6. A blockchain-based traceability system for the quality and carbon footprint of heating furnace products, characterized in that, include: The digital identity generation module is used to receive the furnace entry signal of the steel billet entering the heating furnace, generate a globally unique digital identity based on the furnace entry signal, and bind the digital identity to the steel billet to be traced. The data acquisition module is used to collect key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data of the steel billet in real time during the steel billet heating process. The collaborative storage module is used to perform asymmetric encryption processing on the collected key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data to obtain encrypted raw data, and store the encrypted raw data in an off-chain database; and to perform hash operation on the encrypted raw data to obtain a data hash value, bind the data hash value with the digital identity identifier, generate a notarized transaction record and write it into the distributed blockchain. The carbon footprint calculation module is used to calculate the carbon footprint data of a single product corresponding to the steel billet based on the instantaneous energy consumption data and the pre-set carbon emission factor library, and associate the carbon footprint data of the single product or its hash value with the digital identity identifier and record it in the distributed blockchain. The authorized access module is used to respond to traceability query requests, verify the access rights of the querying party through a smart contract, and return the on-chain evidence information or decrypted off-chain original data corresponding to the digital identity based on the verification result.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes an industrial gateway unit; The industrial gateway unit is equipped with a trusted execution environment, which is used to receive heating temperature, residence time, real-time air-fuel ratio, gas consumption and power consumption uploaded by sensors, and to digitally sign the received data. The collaborative storage module is specifically used to encrypt digitally signed data using a preset public key.

8. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The off-chain database is a time-series database; The collaborative storage module is also used to create an index according to the digital identity and store the encrypted raw data with time series tags into the time series database.

9. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The carbon footprint calculation module is specifically used for: Extract the cumulative gas consumption and cumulative electricity consumption of the steel billet throughout the entire heating process from the instantaneous energy consumption data; Call the pre-set carbon emission factor library to obtain the natural gas carbon emission factor and electricity carbon emission factor for the current time period; Based on the cumulative gas consumption, cumulative electricity consumption, and corresponding carbon emission factors, the total carbon emissions of the steel billet during the heating process are dynamically calculated.

10. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The authorized access module is specifically used for: Receive traceability query requests containing the queryer's identity information and the target's digital identity identifier; The smart contract deployed on the distributed blockchain is invoked to determine whether the identity information of the querying party has the permission level to access the data corresponding to the target digital identity. If the permission level is Level 1, only the data hash value and single product carbon footprint data stored in the distributed blockchain will be returned. If the permission level is Level 2, the corresponding encrypted raw data is retrieved from the off-chain database, decrypted using the private key paired with the public key, and the decrypted key process parameters and instantaneous energy consumption data are returned.

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