Apostichopus japonicus culture device and culture method

Abstract

This invention discloses a sea cucumber farming device and method, comprising a base; a biomimetic reef body disposed on the base; an anti-siltation layer disposed on the base and surrounding the outside of the biomimetic reef body; and a liftable farming fence surrounding the anti-siltation layer, with a gap between them. The liftable farming fence includes several sets of movable net panels and a driving component. Each set of movable net panels includes multiple mesh plates, with adjacent mesh plates slidably connected to each other. The bottom of the mesh plate closest to the base is fixedly connected to the base, while the remaining mesh plates slide through the driving component. This invention provides a sea cucumber farming device. The liftable farming fence can adjust its height according to different growth stages of the sea cucumber, improving farming density and space utilization, and providing efficient feed supply. The anti-siltation layer, combined with tidal action, achieves self-cleaning, effectively removing silt, reducing the growth of harmful organisms, lowering the incidence of diseases, and improving the survival rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a sea cucumber farming device and farming method. Background Technology

[0002] Sea cucumbers are a precious seafood delicacy with extremely high nutritional and economic value. In recent years, market demand has continued to grow, and the scale of the sea cucumber farming industry has continued to expand.

[0003] There are many problems with existing sea cucumber farming techniques: First, the sea cucumber attachment rate is low. The surface structure of traditional farming substrates is simple and cannot simulate the natural habitat of sea cucumbers, resulting in a low survival rate of juvenile sea cucumbers. Second, sludge deposition is serious. During the farming process, uneaten feed, excrement, and suspended particles in the water easily accumulate at the bottom of the substrate, breeding harmful bacteria and parasites and causing sea cucumber diseases. Third, the farming layout is unreasonable. The fixed-height farming facilities cannot meet the activity needs of sea cucumbers at different growth stages, limiting the farming density and yield. Fourth, the feed supply efficiency is insufficient. Sea cucumbers mainly feed on microbial films in the water. In traditional farming, the formation of microbial films is slow and unevenly distributed, affecting the growth rate of sea cucumbers. To address these issues, some related technologies have attempted to improve adhesion rates using biomimetic structures, but these have not been adapted to the needs of sludge removal and three-dimensional aquaculture. Some technologies have incorporated cleaning devices, but these are complex, costly, and detrimental to the aquaculture environment. Other technologies employ fixed enclosures, which cannot be adjusted according to the growth stages of sea cucumbers, resulting in low aquaculture efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is that existing sea cucumber farming devices suffer from low attachment rates, severe silt deposition, and low farming efficiency. This invention proposes a sea cucumber farming device and method that can improve the attachment rate of young sea cucumbers, reduce silt deposition, and adjust the height according to different growth stages of sea cucumbers.

[0005] To solve the aforementioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This invention provides a sea cucumber farming device, comprising: Base; A biomimetic reef is mounted on the base for sea cucumbers to attach to. An anti-siltation interlayer is provided on the base and surrounds the outside of the biomimetic reef to promote silt discharge; a gap is left between the anti-siltation interlayer and the biomimetic reef. A liftable aquaculture fence is installed around the outside of the anti-sludge deposition interlayer, with a gap between the liftable aquaculture fence and the anti-sludge deposition interlayer; the liftable aquaculture fence includes several sets of movable mesh panels and a drive assembly, each set of movable mesh panels includes multiple mesh plates, and two adjacent mesh plates are slidably connected to each other; the bottom of the mesh plate near the base is fixedly connected to the base, and the remaining mesh plates are slidable by the drive assembly.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solutions, an anti-sludge deposition interlayer is set up. The mesh structure and gap design, combined with the tidal flow dynamics, can synergistically promote sludge discharge. By setting up a liftable aquaculture fence, the height can be adjusted according to the different growth stages of sea cucumbers to meet their activity needs, improve breeding density and space utilization, and ensure efficient feed supply. Specifically, during the juvenile stage, a low fence height of 0.5-0.8m can be set to restrict the activity range and improve feed utilization. During the adult stage, a height of 1-2m can be set to expand the activity space and promote growth. During the harvest period, a height of 0.3-0.5m can be used for easy harvesting, thereby achieving efficient breeding and convenient harvesting.

[0007] Preferably, the driving component includes: A fixed frame, the bottom end of which is fixedly connected to the base, and the top end is connected to a connecting plate, the connecting plate having a threaded hole inside; An adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the inner side of the connecting plate. By rotating the adjusting screw, it can be raised and lowered along the longitudinal direction of the fixed frame under the drive of the thread. The adjusting screw is rotatably connected to the top of the mesh plate away from the base.

[0008] Preferably, the height of the movable mesh is adjustable from 0.5 to 2 meters using an adjusting screw.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the screw can be rotated and raised or lowered along the longitudinal direction of the fixed frame under the drive of the screw thread, thereby driving the mesh panel away from the base to rise or fall, and then driving the sliding of the remaining mesh panels, thus realizing the overall raising and lowering of the liftable aquaculture fence.

[0010] Preferably, the surface of the biomimetic reef is engraved with undulating habitat textures, and the side of the biomimetic reef is evenly distributed with several concealed habitat grooves, which are arc-shaped groove structures.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solutions, the habitat texture structure can simulate the natural habitat of sea cucumber, increase the attachment area, and improve the attachment rate of juvenile sea cucumber. The concealed habitat trough provides a safe habitat space for sea cucumber. The habitat texture structure and the concealed habitat trough work together to significantly improve the survival rate of juvenile sea cucumber.

[0012] Preferably, the habitat texture includes raised structures and recessed structures, the height of the raised structures is 3-8cm, the depth of the recessed structures is 8-14cm, and the distance between adjacent raised structures or recessed structures is 5-10cm.

[0013] Preferably, the depth of the concealed habitat trough is 10-25cm, and the width of the straight side of the concealed habitat trough is 8-25cm.

[0014] Preferably, a microbial membrane carrier is embedded inside the biomimetic reef, and microorganisms are embedded inside the microbial membrane carrier.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting up a microbial membrane carrier and embedding microorganisms inside it, a stable microbial membrane can be formed quickly, providing sea cucumbers with sufficient and high-quality natural food, improving growth rate and quality, and being environmentally friendly and sustainable.

[0016] Preferably, the microbial membrane carrier is a porous ceramic material, prepared by the following method: Kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, carbon fiber and pore-forming agent are mixed evenly and then an appropriate amount of deionized water is added. After kneading and aging for 24 hours, the mixture is molded into a blank, dried at 60°C for 12 hours, and then sintered at 1200°C for 2 hours. After cooling, a microbial membrane carrier is obtained.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the porous structure of the microbial membrane carrier made of porous ceramic material provides a stable colonization environment for probiotics. With the addition of precise doses of probiotic preparations, the bacterial membrane forms faster and maintains an effective thickness for a longer period of time.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, carbon fiber and pore-forming agent is 40:30:15:5:10; the pore-forming agent is obtained by mixing ammonium bicarbonate and starch in a mass ratio of 1:1. The internal porosity of the microbial membrane carrier is 40-60%.

[0019] Preferably, the microorganism can be Bacillus and / or lactic acid bacteria.

[0020] Preferably, the sea cucumber farming device also includes a biodegradable marking rope, one end of which is fixedly connected to the top of the biomimetic reef, and the other end is connected to a farming area marker.

[0021] Preferably, the biodegradable marking rope is made of polylactic acid, with a degradation cycle of 12-18 months, which is suitable for the sea cucumber farming cycle.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for cultivating sea cucumbers using the above-described sea cucumber cultivation device, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treatment of aquaculture area: Select a sea area or pond with water quality that meets the GB / T11607-1989 standard, clean up debris and harmful organisms in the aquaculture area, and level the bottom terrain; Step 2: Equipment Installation: Arrange the sea cucumber farming equipment at a density of 2-3m row spacing and 1.5-2m column spacing. Adjust the initial height of the liftable farming fence to 0.5-0.8m. Step 3: Release of juvenile sea cucumbers: Select healthy, low-salt-tolerant juvenile sea cucumbers weighing 5-15g and release them onto the surface of the biomimetic reef at a density of 30-50 per square meter. The biomimetic protrusion structure will be used to improve the adhesion rate of the juvenile sea cucumbers. Step Four: Growth Stage Management When sea cucumbers are in their juvenile stage, maintain the salinity of the water in the breeding area at 25-32‰ and the water temperature at 5-18℃. Regularly monitor the feed supply to the microbial film carrier. When the film thickness is less than 0.2cm, supplement with probiotic preparations. When sea cucumbers are in their adult stage: adjust the height of the adjustable breeding fence to 1-2m to expand their activity range; utilize the tidal effect to achieve self-cleaning. When the tide rises, water flows in through the gaps in the anti-siltation interlayer, causing the silt to be suspended. When the tide recedes, the silt is discharged with the water flow, reducing sedimentation. Step 5: Disease Prevention and Control: Test the bacterial content in the aquaculture water every 15-20 days. When the concentration of harmful bacteria exceeds 10... 3 When the concentration of cfu / mL reaches 150g, replace the microbial membrane carrier and rinse and disinfect the concealed habitat. Step 6: Harvesting: When the sea cucumber reaches a size of 150g or more, lower the height of the adjustable breeding fence to 0.3-0.5m and harvest it by manual capture or trapping.

[0023] As a preferred option, in step two, the grooves of the concealed habitat trough of the biomimetic reef face the direction of water flow in the aquaculture area to facilitate water circulation.

[0024] Understandably, since the biomimetic reef has concealed habitats in both its length and width, when placing it, it is sufficient to ensure that the grooves of most of the concealed habitats face the direction of water flow in the aquaculture area.

[0025] Preferably, in step four, the probiotic preparation used is a Bacillus preparation with a concentration of 10. 8 -10 9 The concentration of cfu / mL is 500-800 mL per acre.

[0026] Preferably, in step five, the rinsing and disinfection uses a hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.3%, the rinsing time is 5-10 minutes, and then the water is rinsed clean.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention provides a sea cucumber farming device, which includes a liftable farming enclosure, a biomimetic reef, a microbial film carrier, a concealed habitat, and a biodegradable marking rope. The liftable farming enclosure can be adjusted in height according to the different growth stages of the sea cucumbers to meet their activity needs, improve farming density and space utilization, and provide efficient feed. The microbial film carrier is loaded with compound probiotics, which quickly form a stable microbial film, providing the sea cucumbers with sufficient and high-quality natural feed, improving growth rate and quality, and is environmentally friendly and sustainable. The biodegradable marking rope and the biomimetic reef are made of environmentally friendly concrete, avoiding environmental pollution during the farming process and conforming to the concept of green farming. The habitat texture on the surface of the biomimetic reef simulates the natural habitat of the sea cucumbers, significantly improving the attachment rate of juvenile sea cucumbers, reducing silt deposition, and the anti-silt deposition interlayer, combined with tidal action, achieves self-cleaning, effectively removing silt, reducing the breeding of harmful organisms, lowering the incidence of diseases, and improving the survival rate. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a method and apparatus for increasing the culture of sea cucumbers according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a side view of the installation structure of the movable mesh of a sea cucumber cultivation method and device according to the present invention; In the picture: 1. Bionic reef; 11. Microbial biofilm carrier; 12. Anti-silt deposition interlayer; 2. Concealed habitat; 3. Biodegradable marking rope; 31. Aquaculture area marking; 4. Adjustable height aquaculture fence; 41. Fixed frame; 42. Movable mesh panel; 43. Adjusting screw; 5. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions in specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some specific implementations of the overall technical solution of the present invention, and not all implementations. Based on the overall concept of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: A sea cucumber farming device Please see Figures 1-2This invention provides a sea cucumber farming device, including a base 5, a biomimetic reef 1, an anti-siltation interlayer 12, a biodegradable marking rope 3, and a liftable farming enclosure 4. The biomimetic reef 1 is mounted on the base 5 for sea cucumbers to attach to. The anti-siltation interlayer 12 is mounted on the base 5 and surrounds the outside of the biomimetic reef 1 to promote silt removal. A gap is left between the anti-siltation interlayer 12 and the biomimetic reef 1. One end of the biodegradable marking rope 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the biomimetic reef 1, and the other end is connected to a farming area marker 31. The liftable farming enclosure 4 surrounds the outside of the anti-siltation interlayer 12, and a gap is left between the liftable farming enclosure 4 and the anti-siltation interlayer 12.

[0031] Specifically, the surface of the biomimetic reef 1 is replicated with undulating habitat textures, which are modeled after the rock textures of the sea cucumber's natural habitat. These textures include raised and recessed structures, with raised structures ranging from 3-8 cm in height and recessed structures from 8-14 cm in depth. The spacing between adjacent raised or recessed structures is 5-10 cm. This structure simulates the sea cucumber's natural habitat, increasing the attachment area and improving the attachment rate of juvenile sea cucumbers.

[0032] The biomimetic reef 1 has several concealed habitat troughs 2 evenly distributed on its side. The concealed habitat troughs 2 have an arc-shaped groove structure, a depth of 10-25cm, and a width of 8-25m for the straight side.

[0033] The biomimetic reef 1 has a microbial biofilm carrier 11 embedded inside, and microorganisms are embedded inside the microbial biofilm carrier 11.

[0034] Specifically, the microbial biofilm carrier 11 is made of porous ceramic material. The preparation method is as follows: 40% kaolin, 30% diatomaceous earth, 15% bentonite, 5% carbon fiber, and 10% pore-forming agent (ammonium bicarbonate and starch mixed in a 1:1 mass ratio) are used as raw materials. After uniform mixing, an appropriate amount of deionized water is added. After kneading and aging for 24 hours, a blank is formed by molding. It is then dried at 60℃ for 12 hours, followed by sintering at 1200℃ for 2 hours. After cooling, the porous ceramic biofilm carrier 11 is obtained, with an internal porosity of 40-60%. The porous ceramic microbial biofilm carrier 11 is embedded inside the biomimetic reef 1, which can quickly form a microbial biofilm, providing sufficient food for sea cucumbers and improving food supply efficiency. The protruding structure of the biomimetic reef works synergistically with the concealed habitat trough. The protruding structure increases the attachment rate of juvenile sea cucumbers, while the concealed habitat trough provides a safe habitat space. The synergistic effect of both improves the survival rate of juvenile sea cucumbers.

[0035] It should be noted that the microbial membrane carrier 11 contains embedded Bacillus, and its preservation number is CGMCC1.1086.

[0036] It should be noted that: as a porous carrier, the microbial biofilm carrier 11 allows microorganisms to be embedded inside the carrier, and physical space constraints reduce detachment; its pore size needs to match the size of the microorganisms (usually 0.5-5μm) to ensure that the microorganisms can enter the pores while avoiding loss due to excessively large pores.

[0037] The anti-siltation interlayer 12 has a mesh structure with a mesh diameter of 1-3 cm, and a gap of 5-8 cm is provided between the anti-siltation interlayer 12 and the bottom of the biomimetic reef 1. By coordinating the anti-siltation interlayer 12 with tidal action, and utilizing its mesh structure and gap design, combined with the tidal flow dynamics, the silt discharge rate can be significantly improved.

[0038] One end of the biodegradable marking rope 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the biomimetic reef 1, and the other end of the biodegradable marking rope 3 is connected to the aquaculture area marker 31; specifically, the biodegradable marking rope 3 is made of polylactic acid, with a degradation cycle of 12-18 months, which is suitable for the sea cucumber aquaculture cycle.

[0039] A liftable aquaculture enclosure 4 surrounds the outside of the biomimetic reef 1. The liftable aquaculture enclosure 4 includes several sets of movable net panels and a drive assembly. Each set of movable net panels includes multiple net plates, and adjacent net plates are slidably connected to each other. The bottom of the net plate near the base 5 is fixedly connected to the base 5, and the remaining net plates are slidable through the drive assembly. The drive assembly includes a fixed frame 41 and an adjusting screw 43. The bottom end of the fixed frame 41 is fixedly connected to the base 5, and the top end is connected to a connecting plate with a threaded hole inside. The adjusting screw 43 is threadedly connected to the inner side of the connecting plate. By rotating the adjusting screw 43, it can be raised and lowered along the longitudinal direction of the fixed frame 41 under the threaded drive. The adjusting screw 43 is rotatably connected to the top end of the net plate away from the base 5.

[0040] Specifically, the height of the movable net 42 can be adjusted from 0.5 to 2m by adjusting the screw 43. The liftable aquaculture fence 4 works in conjunction with management at different growth stages. During the juvenile stage, the fence height of 0.5-0.8m restricts the activity range and improves feed utilization. During the adult stage, the height of 1-2m expands the activity space and promotes growth. During the harvest period, the height of 0.3-0.5m facilitates harvesting.

[0041] It should be understood that there are four sets of movable net panels 42. Each set of movable net panels 42 is composed of multiple net plates. Adjacent net plates are slidably connected to each other. The bottom of the net plate closer to the bionic reef 1 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed frame 41. The top of the net plate farther from the bionic reef 1 is rotatably connected to the adjusting screw 43 through a rotating shaft. Each movable net panel 42 can be raised and lowered by the staggered sliding of the net plates, thereby adjusting the height of the movable net panel 42.

[0042] Experimental Example 1: Silt Control Experiment The experiment was conducted with the following treatment groups, in which: Control group: No sea cucumber farming equipment was set up; The experimental group used the sea cucumber farming device described in Example 1; The difference between the control group and the experimental group without the anti-sludge deposition interlayer is that the anti-sludge deposition interlayer 12 is omitted from the sea cucumber farming device in Example 1. Experimental steps: 1. Five sampling points (uniformly distributed) were randomly selected in the breeding areas of the experimental group and the control group. 2. Insert the sampling frame (1×1×0.2m) vertically into the bottom of the aquaculture area, defining a 1m area. 2 Carefully dig out all sediment (including silt, uneaten food, excrement, etc.) from the area. 3. Filter the water out of the sediment with a filter screen, put it in a drying oven (60℃) to dry to constant weight, weigh it, and take the average value of five sampling points (test once every 3 months, for a total of 4 tests, and take the average value).

[0043] Experiments showed that the silt deposition rate in the control group was 2.3 kg / m³. 2 The silt deposition rate in the control group without silt deposition interlayer was 1.725 kg / m³. 2 The experimental group had a concentration of only 0.35 kg / m³. 2 The sludge discharge rate of the experimental group reached 85%, which was 60% higher than that of the control group without sludge deposition interlayer.

[0044] Experiment Example 2: Harmful Bacteria Concentration Test The experiment was divided into an experimental group and a control group, in which: Control group: No sea cucumber farming equipment was set up; The experimental group used the sea cucumber farming device described in Example 1; Experimental steps: Three sampling points were randomly selected in the upper water layer (50cm deep) of the aquaculture area in both the experimental and control groups, and 100mL water samples were collected using sterile sampling bottles. Gradient dilution method (10) -1 Up to 10 -6 Dilute the water sample and spread 0.1 mL of the diluted solution evenly on a TCBS agar plate; Incubate at 37℃ for 24 hours and count the number of pathogenic Vibrio colonies on the plates. Calculate the concentration of harmful bacteria in the water (cfu / mL), and take the average value of 3 sampling points (tested once every 15 days, for a total of 24 tests, and take the average value). Experiments showed that the concentration of harmful bacteria in the water was 3.2 × 10⁻⁶ in the control group. 3 CFU / mL, experimental group: 0.9 × 10⁻⁶ 3 cfu / mL, the concentration of harmful bacteria decreased by more than 70%.

[0045] Experiment 3: Biofilm Formation Experiment The experimental group used the microbial biofilm carrier prepared in Example 1, with dimensions of 5cm × 5cm × 3cm, core functional pore size of 0.8-4.5μm, and porosity of 48.6%. The control group consisted of porous ceramics with dimensions of 5cm × 5cm × 3cm, pore size of 10-30μm, and porosity of 45%. Experimental method: Dilute the Bacillus preparation to 10... 8 The concentration of cfu / mL and the preservation number of Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC1.1086. Using a sterile pipette, evenly add 1 mL of Bacillus subtilis preparation to the surface of each carrier and let it stand for 30 minutes to allow the bacterial agent to fully contact the carrier surface and pores. After inoculation, the carriers were vertically fixed in the aquarium (5cm from the bottom of the tank to avoid sedimentation). Three duplicate carriers were evenly distributed in each group with a spacing of ≥5cm to avoid mutual interference. The water temperature is controlled within ±0.5℃ and the salinity within ±1‰ throughout the process. Aeration is carried out for 12 hours daily (simulating daytime) and darkness for 12 hours daily (simulating nighttime). One-third of the simulated water is replaced every 3 days to ensure stable water quality. Starting from the 3rd day after inoculation, monitoring was conducted once every 24 hours. Five monitoring points were selected for each vector (one point in the center of the front and one point in each of the four corners). The thickness of each point was recorded by gently pressing a thickness gauge against the surface of the bacterial film (avoiding damage to the bacterial film). The average of the five points was taken as the bacterial film thickness of the vector on that day. When the average bacterial film thickness of the three replicate samples of a certain vector group was ≥0.2cm, the bacterial film formation time of that group was recorded (starting from the completion of inoculation). Wipe the bacterial film on the surface of each carrier with a sterile cotton swab, inoculate it onto TCBS medium plates, incubate at 37°C for 24 hours, and count the number of probiotic colonies (to ensure that the qualified bacterial film is active, rather than a non-functional biofilm). Increase in biofilm formation rate = (Formation time of control group - Formation time of experimental group) / Formation time of control group × 100%; Experiments show that the biofilm formation time of the ordinary porous ceramic carrier group is 15 days, while that of the special carrier group in this embodiment is only 7.5 days. The biofilm of the ordinary carrier group maintains an effective thickness for 2 months, while that of the group in this embodiment is 5 months. This indicates that the pore structure of the special porous ceramic carrier of this application provides a stable colonization environment for probiotics. With the addition of precise doses of probiotic preparations, the biofilm formation speed is increased by 50% compared with the ordinary carrier, and the biofilm stability is enhanced, extending the continuous supply of feed by 3 months.

[0046] Example 2: A method for increasing the culture of sea cucumber Using the sea cucumber farming device in Example 1, this example also proposes a method for increasing the cultivation of sea cucumbers, which includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treatment of the aquaculture area: Select a sea area or pond where the water quality meets the GB / T11607-1989 standard, clean up debris and harmful organisms in the aquaculture area, and level the bottom terrain; Step 2: Equipment installation: Arrange the sea cucumber aquaculture equipment at a density of 2m row spacing and 1.5m column spacing. Adjust the initial height of the liftable aquaculture fence 4 to 0.5m to ensure the activity space for juvenile sea cucumbers; The grooves of the concealed habitat trough 2 of the bionic reef 1 face the direction of water flow in the aquaculture area to facilitate water circulation; Step 3: Release of juvenile sea cucumbers: Select healthy, low-salt-tolerant juvenile sea cucumbers with a specification of 5g and release them onto the surface of the biomimetic reef 1 at a density of 30 per square meter. The biomimetic protrusion structure is used to improve the adhesion rate of the juvenile sea cucumbers. Step Four: Growth Stage Management ① Juvenile stage (10g-120g): Maintain a water salinity of 25‰ and a water temperature of 5-18℃ in the breeding area. Regularly monitor the feed supply of the microbial film carrier 11. When the film thickness is less than 0.2cm, supplement with probiotic preparations. It should be noted that the bacterial film thickness was monitored every 3 days using an underwater endoscope. When the thickness fell below 0.2 cm, a Bacillus preparation (concentration 10) was added using a targeted spraying method. 8 The CFU / mL of Bacillus has the accession number CGMCC1.1086.

[0047] It should be understood that in open sea environments, the Bacillus preparation should be mixed with 20 times the amount of clean seawater and sprayed precisely along the top of the biomimetic reef and the microbial film carrier area using a small boat-mounted low-pressure sprayer, with a dosage of 500 mL per acre. It is recommended to operate during the early tide and when the wind force is ≤3 to avoid dilution of the bacterial solution by strong water flow. In pond aquaculture, the preparation can be directly sprinkled along the perimeter of the reef without the need for additional water flow adaptation.

[0048] ② Adult stage (over 120g): Adjust the height of the liftable aquaculture fence 4 to 1m to expand the activity range; use the tidal effect to achieve self-cleaning. When the tide rises, water flows in through the gap of the anti-siltation interlayer 12, causing the silt to be suspended. When the tide recedes, the silt is discharged with the water flow, reducing deposition. It should be understood that: a comprehensive replenishment of bacteria should be performed every 15 days, diluting the Bacillus preparation to 10... 8The cfu / mL concentration of Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC1.1086. In open sea areas, it needs to be combined with zeolite powder (bacterial agent: zeolite powder = 1:10) for adsorption and settling. It should then be evenly distributed within the aquaculture enclosure using a ship-mounted spreader at a rate of 300 mL per acre. The adsorption properties of the zeolite powder allow the probiotics to colonize around the reef, reducing the spread of live bacteria by ocean currents. At the same time, it can be combined with kelp powder with a fineness of ≥200 mesh, with a feeding rate of ≤1 kg per acre, to provide a carbon source for the probiotics and promote biofilm formation.

[0049] Step 5: Disease Prevention and Control: Test the bacterial content in the aquaculture water every 15 days. When the concentration of harmful bacteria exceeds 10... 3 When the concentration of cfu / mL is reached, replace the microbial biofilm carrier 11 and simultaneously rinse and disinfect the concealed habitat 2. Rinse and disinfect using a 0.1% hydrogen peroxide solution for 5-10 minutes, then rinse thoroughly with clean water. 24 hours after disinfection, additionally spray 10% hydrogen peroxide solution into the breeding area. 8 A Bacillus preparation with a concentration of CFU / mL, applied at a rate of 500 mL per acre, can rapidly rebuild the dominance of beneficial bacteria.

[0050] Step Six: Harvesting: When the sea cucumbers reach a size of 150g or more, lower the height of the adjustable aquaculture fence to 0.3m and harvest them by manual catching or trapping.

[0051] Experiment 3: Effects of habitat texture and concealed habitat on the survival rate of juvenile sea cucumbers Experimental group: Sea cucumbers were cultured according to the method in Example 2; Control group 1: The difference from the experimental group is that the surface of the biomimetic reef 1 with its undulating habitat texture was omitted from the sea cucumber farming device in Example 1. Control group 2: The difference from the experimental group is that the concealed habitat trough 2 is omitted from the sea cucumber farming device in Example 1; Experiments show that the convex structure of the biomimetic reef and the concealed habitat trough work together to improve the attachment rate of juvenile sea cucumbers. The concealed habitat trough provides a safe habitat space for sea cucumbers. Experimental data show that the survival rate of juvenile sea cucumbers in the control group with only the convex structure was 62%, the survival rate in the control group with only the concealed habitat trough was 58%, while the survival rate of the experimental group reached 90%.

[0052] Experiment Example 4: The Effects of Adjustable Raising Fences on Juvenile Sea Cucumber Farming Experimental group: Sea cucumbers were cultured according to the method in Example 2; The control group differed from the experimental group in that a 2m fixed-height fence was used on the basis of the sea cucumber farming device in Example 1. Coefficient of variation of body weight: The coefficient of variation (CV) of body weight = (standard deviation of body weight / mean body weight) × 100%. The smaller the CV value, the higher the uniformity. Test method: After harvesting, 100 sea cucumbers were randomly selected from each group of adult sea cucumbers and their weight was measured. Calculate the mean weight (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of 100 adult anaerobic subjects, and calculate the coefficient of variation of body weight according to the formula; Harvesting frequency: Only one harvesting operation was conducted during the experimental period (after 12 months of cultivation, when the adult sea cucumbers reached a size of 150g or more), and no intermediate harvesting was carried out to avoid interfering with the growth data.

[0053] Calculations show that the CV of the control group is 28%, the CV of the experimental group is 16.8%, and the improvement rate S = (28-16.8) / 28×100% = 40%.

[0054] The experimental results showed that, compared with the fixed-height fence, the fishing time for the fixed-height group was 2.5 hours / acre, while that for the group in this embodiment was 1.1 hours / acre, resulting in a 55% increase in fishing efficiency; the stocking density for the fixed-height 1m fence group was 30 birds / m². 2 In this embodiment, the number of animals is 40.5 per m². 2 The stocking density was increased by 35%; the coefficient of variation of the weight of the sea cucumbers at a fixed height was 28%, while that of the group in this embodiment was 16.8%, and the uniformity of the size of the adult sea cucumbers was increased by 40%.

Claims

1. A sea cucumber farming device, characterized in that, include: Base; A biomimetic reef is mounted on the base for sea cucumbers to attach to. An anti-sludge deposition interlayer is provided on the base and surrounds the outside of the biomimetic reef to promote sludge discharge; A gap is left between the anti-siltation interlayer and the biomimetic reef body; A liftable aquaculture fence is installed around the outside of the anti-sludge deposition interlayer, with a gap between the liftable aquaculture fence and the anti-sludge deposition interlayer; the liftable aquaculture fence includes several sets of movable mesh panels and a drive assembly, each set of movable mesh panels includes multiple mesh plates, and two adjacent mesh plates are slidably connected to each other; the bottom of the mesh plate near the base is fixedly connected to the base, and the remaining mesh plates are slidable by the drive assembly.

2. The sea cucumber farming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving component includes: A fixed frame, the bottom end of which is fixedly connected to the base, and the top end is connected to a connecting plate, the connecting plate having a threaded hole inside; An adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the inner side of the connecting plate. By rotating the adjusting screw, it can be raised and lowered along the longitudinal direction of the fixed frame under the threaded drive. The adjusting screw is rotatably connected to the top of the mesh plate away from the base.

3. The sea cucumber farming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the biomimetic reef is engraved with undulating habitat textures, and several concealed habitat slots are evenly distributed on the side of the biomimetic reef. The concealed habitat slots have an arc-shaped groove structure.

4. The sea cucumber farming device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The habitat texture includes raised structures and recessed structures. The height of the raised structures is 3-8cm, the depth of the recessed structures is 8-14cm, and the distance between adjacent raised structures or recessed structures is 5-10cm. The depth of the concealed habitat trough is 10-25cm, and the width of the straight side of the concealed habitat trough is 8-25cm.

5. The sea cucumber farming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomimetic reef body is embedded with a microbial membrane carrier, and the microbial membrane carrier is embedded with microorganisms.

6. The sea cucumber farming device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The microbial membrane carrier is a porous ceramic material and is prepared by the following method: Kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, carbon fiber and pore-forming agent are mixed evenly and then an appropriate amount of deionized water is added. After kneading and aging for 24 hours, the mixture is molded into a blank, dried at 60°C for 12 hours, and then sintered at 1200°C for 2 hours. After cooling, a microbial membrane carrier is obtained.

7. The sea cucumber farming device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mass ratio of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, carbon fiber and pore-forming agent is 40:30:15:5:10; the pore-forming agent is obtained by mixing ammonium bicarbonate and starch in a mass ratio of 1:

1. The internal porosity of the microbial membrane carrier is 40-60%. The microorganisms may be Bacillus and / or lactic acid bacteria.

8. The sea cucumber farming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sea cucumber farming device also includes a biodegradable marking rope, one end of which is fixedly connected to the top of the biomimetic reef, and the other end is connected to a farming area marker.

9. A method for sea cucumber farming using the sea cucumber farming apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treatment of aquaculture area: Select a sea area or pond with water quality that meets the GB / T11607-1989 standard, clean up debris and harmful organisms in the aquaculture area, and level the bottom terrain; Step 2: Equipment Installation: Arrange the sea cucumber farming equipment at a density of 2-3m row spacing and 1.5-2m column spacing. Adjust the initial height of the liftable farming fence to 0.5-0.8m. Step 3: Release of juvenile sea cucumbers: Select healthy, low-salt-tolerant juvenile sea cucumbers weighing 5-15g and release them onto the surface of the biomimetic reef at a density of 30-50 per square meter. The biomimetic protrusion structure will be used to improve the adhesion rate of the juvenile sea cucumbers. Step Four: Growth Stage Management When sea cucumbers are in their juvenile stage, maintain the salinity of the water in the breeding area at 25-32‰ and the water temperature at 5-18℃. Regularly monitor the feed supply to the microbial film carrier. When the film thickness is less than 0.2cm, supplement with probiotic preparations. When sea cucumbers are in their adult stage: adjust the height of the adjustable breeding fence to 1-2m to expand their activity range; utilize the tidal effect to achieve self-cleaning. When the tide rises, water flows in through the gaps in the anti-siltation interlayer, causing the silt to be suspended. When the tide recedes, the silt is discharged with the water flow, reducing sedimentation. Step 5: Disease Prevention and Control: Test the bacterial content in the aquaculture water every 15-20 days. When the concentration of harmful bacteria exceeds 10... 3 When the concentration of cfu / mL is reached, replace the microbial membrane carrier and simultaneously rinse and disinfect the concealed habitat. Step Six: Harvesting: When the sea cucumbers reach a size of 150g or more, lower the height of the adjustable aquaculture fence to 0.3-0.5m and harvest them by manual catching or trapping.

10. The aquaculture method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step two, the recessed grooves of the biomimetic reef's concealed habitat trough face the direction of water flow in the aquaculture area to facilitate water circulation; In step four, the supplemented probiotic preparation is a Bacillus preparation, the Bacillus number is CGMCC1.1086, and the concentration is 10. 8 -10 9 The concentration of cfu / mL is 500-800 mL per acre. In step five, the rinsing and disinfection process uses a hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.3% for 5-10 minutes, followed by rinsing with clean water.

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