A method for protecting a historical block and ecologically utilizing underground space in coordination
By employing technologies such as digital pre-simulation, minimally invasive pile planting, and ecological recycling systems, the problems of ground vibration and water level fluctuation in the development of underground space in historical districts have been solved, achieving the coordination between the safety protection of historical buildings and the undergrounding of modern functions, and realizing ecological operation and optimization of the ground environment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610784732.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
Smart Images
Figure CN122334713A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of urban construction technology, and in particular to a method for the coordinated protection of historical districts and the ecological utilization of underground space. Background Technology
[0002] With the accelerating pace of urban renewal, the protection and development of historic districts face the severe challenge of a dual contradiction between "space and function".
[0003] On the one hand, historic districts carry unique and irreplaceable cultural value and historical features, and their ground buildings and street layouts need to be strictly maintained.
[0004] On the other hand, modern urban life is increasingly demanding municipal infrastructure such as underground pipe networks, parking facilities, and commercial functions, making the spatial conflict between the two increasingly prominent.
[0005] Traditional underground space development methods mostly employ open-cut or conventional tunneling techniques. However, these techniques often cause significant ground vibrations and drastic fluctuations in groundwater levels during construction, which can easily lead to ground subsidence and deformation.
[0006] For historic buildings with aging and fragile foundations, such geological changes pose an unbearable threat of destruction.
[0007] Currently, most renovation plans for historical districts are still limited to static structural layout ideas, usually only making simple repairs or covering up of ground facilities. This approach makes it difficult to rationally integrate modern functional elements with underground spaces, and even more difficult to effectively guide the transfer of functions to underground areas. Summary of the Invention
[0008] The purpose of this invention is to achieve a harmonious unity of historical preservation, undergrounding of modern functions, and ecological restoration, while ensuring the safety of historical buildings and avoiding damage to the historical landscape above ground.
[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for the coordinated protection of historical districts and the ecological utilization of underground space, comprising the following steps: S1. Digital pre-simulation and hydrological closed-loop control: Establish safety benchmarks in virtual and hydrological environments, simulate groundwater level changes and soil stress release, generate excavation and support schemes, establish an initial benchmark data network, and maintain stable groundwater pressure under historical buildings. S2. Precise locking and smooth transfer of bearing capacity: Perform non-destructive minimally invasive pile planting and foundation consolidation, implement foundation support to eliminate the stress gap period at the junction of the old and new foundations, and perform permanent locking and seismic isolation technology connection. S3. Miniaturized reverse construction method and underground space reconstruction: priority is given to cast-in-place roof slabs to restore the surface appearance, followed by miniaturized underground excavation and soil renewal, municipal system integration and underground function optimization. S4. Intelligent Operation and Management Solution for Ecological Metabolic Network and Underground Space: Within the existing underground space, construct an ecological cycle control system that coordinates key elements such as water, heat, wind, and light, and implement intelligent management and proactive early warning throughout the entire life cycle.
[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: step S1 specifically includes: S1.1 Digital Twin Pre-simulation and Optimization: Establish a digital brain model, input the three-dimensional geological survey data of the target historical block, the distribution data of the existing underground pipeline network, and the three-dimensional laser scanning data of the historical buildings into the model, accurately simulate the dynamic process of groundwater level change and soil stress release, and generate excavation and support schemes. S1.2 Initial reference data network construction: Inclination sensors and stress gauges are distributed and attached to the walls, foundations and surrounding ground of historical buildings to collect initial stress and deformation reference data and synchronize them to the digital brain in real time; S1.3 Implementation of hydrological stability and full enclosure control: Interlocking piles are driven into the periphery of the underground space to be excavated to form a fully enclosed water-stop curtain. Recharge wells are set up below the historical buildings outside the foundation pit to implement measures of pumping water inside the pit and injecting water outside the pit to maintain the stability of groundwater pressure below the old buildings.
[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: step S2 specifically includes: S2.1. Carry out minimally invasive pile driving and foundation consolidation engineering: In a low-noise and vibration-free state, micro steel pipe piles are statically driven through the original foundation of the historical building and implanted into the bearing soil layer below. Grouting material is injected into the pile to physically consolidate the top of the pile with the bottom of the original foundation of the historical building. S2.2 Implementation of foundation support and force transmission path conversion: Hydraulic jack devices are pre-installed at the lower end of the foundation. When cutting off the old foundation of the historical building to convert the force transmission path, the hydraulic jack devices are activated to actively apply preloaded support force upward based on the real-time load data fed back by the sensor. S2.3 Implementation of permanent locking and seismic isolation technology: After the load is completely transferred to the micro pile foundation, use the mechanical self-locking nut on the jack to physically lock it, and install seismic isolation bearings in series at the junction of the top of the micro steel pipe pile and the transfer layer beam.
[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: step S3 specifically includes: S3.1 Cast-in-place roof slab and surface restoration: At the top of the underground space, a reinforced concrete roof slab with high rigidity is cast in place as a transfer layer. After reaching the design strength, it is used as a foundation platform to restore the traditional paving and street traffic. S3.2 Miniaturized tunneling and soil renewal: Relying on the safety protection cover formed by the top plate, a small excavation robot is deployed through the pre-reserved concealed holes to carry out tunneling operations to dig out the soil downwards, opening up a three-dimensional space for underground integrated pipe gallery and functional cabins. S3.3, Municipal System Integration and Underground Function Optimization: The pipelines suspended in the historical blocks will be uniformly removed and classified and fixed on the pre-embedded cable trays of the underground integrated pipe gallery. The municipal facilities occupying the road surface will be moved underground and stored in the functional cabins. Fire evacuation passages that lead directly to the ground will be set up in conjunction with the edge non-protected buildings.
[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: the construction of the ecological micro-circulation closed-loop system in step S4 specifically includes: S4.1 Establish a light-wind metabolic cycle system: Vertically connect the light pipes and passive ventilation towers that connect the surface and underground, and install light collectors with high reflective coatings in concealed places on the surface to capture sunlight and introduce it into underground lighting; connect the underground waste gas accumulation area to the exhaust port of the passive ventilation tower disguised as a historical building, and use the temperature difference to promote the thermal pressure effect for passive exhaust. S4.2 Constructing a water and heat resource recycling system: A sponge storage tank is cast in place at the bottom of the underground space. Rainwater collected from the surface is filtered and introduced into the tank for reuse as greywater. A shallow geothermal pipeline network is buried inside the foundation slab and side walls and connected to a ground source heat pump to extract constant-temperature geothermal energy to provide a cold and heat source for the building.
[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution: Step S4, which implements intelligent management and proactive early warning throughout the entire lifecycle, specifically includes: By leveraging IoT technology, pre-set monitoring data from underground locations is transmitted in real time to the digital brain, and a three-tiered adaptive control and early warning mechanism is implemented based on the data: When the settlement change value is within the safety threshold, the system only records and archives the data and does not trigger physical actions. When the settlement rate or cumulative value reaches the warning threshold, the system automatically sends control commands to adjust the hydraulic jacks, actively increasing the support force to compensate for changes in stratum stress and suppress minor settlement. When the settlement reaches the danger threshold, an audible and visual alarm will be triggered immediately, non-essential underground power supplies will be automatically cut off, and an emergency reinforcement procedure will be initiated.
[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution: full life cycle intelligent management and proactive early warning also includes close linkage with meteorological data: the system receives external meteorological data in real time, and when a rainstorm signal is received, it automatically issues an instruction to empty the capacity of the sponge reservoir in advance and convert it into a water storage tank for urban flood control.
[0016] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. During the pre-construction phase, fully enclosed hydrological control measures were adopted to maintain the stability of groundwater pressure in the old building. During construction, non-destructive minimally invasive pile planting technology and jack active lifting method were used to fundamentally eliminate the stress gap period at the junction of the old and new foundations, ensuring a smooth transition and permanent fixation of the bearing capacity.
[0017] 2. The construction adopts a top-down reverse construction method, prioritizing the cast-in-place roof slab to restore the surface appearance and traffic function; then, micro-excavation is carried out underground to house all the municipal facilities that originally occupied the road and the messy cables in the air into underground utility tunnels and functional rooms, thereby greatly improving the ground environment of the street.
[0018] 3. A successful ecological micro-circulation system of groundwater, heat, wind, and light was constructed; natural light was introduced into the room through light pipes, passive ventilation was achieved by utilizing temperature differences, a sponge storage tank was built to recycle rainwater, and shallow geothermal technology was developed to supply cold and heat sources, thereby achieving a green and low-carbon operation mode.
[0019] 4. The foundation nodes adopt seismic isolation bearings, which can effectively block the transmission of vibration. At the same time, the system combines the Internet of Things and digital intelligent brain to carry out three-level adaptive intervention based on settlement data. In addition, it can also link with the meteorological system to automatically empty the underground water storage tank in advance before heavy rain, providing support for the drainage of the block. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A flowchart of S1 of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A flowchart of S2 of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A flowchart of S3 of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 A flowchart of S4 of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] Please see Figures 1-5 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for the coordinated protection of historical districts and the ecological utilization of underground space. This method changes the traditional design concept of static structural layout, and transforms spatial replacement, ecological metabolism, and structural coupling into a series of dynamic operation processes. This allows for the orderly integration of modern functional elements into the underground space while preserving the historical features of the surface. The specific implementation steps are as follows: S1, Digital Pre-simulation and Fully Enclosed Hydrological Control Before carrying out physical excavation and structural modifications, safety benchmarks should be established in both virtual and hydrological environments. The specific operational steps are as follows: S1.1 Digital Twin Pre-visualization and Optimization: Based on the full life cycle dynamic management and control system, a digital hub for CIM (City Information Model) is constructed. The three-dimensional geological survey data of the target historical block, the distribution data of the existing underground pipeline network, and the three-dimensional laser scanning information of the historical buildings are input into the model to accurately simulate the dynamic process of groundwater level changes and soil stress release, and formulate the optimal excavation and support plan accordingly.
[0023] S1.2 Initial baseline data network construction: High-precision tilt sensors and stress gauges are densely deployed on the walls, foundations, and surrounding ground of historical buildings. These sensors collect initial stress and deformation benchmark data of the historical block when undisturbed, and synchronize the data to the digital brain in real time.
[0024] S1.3, Implementation of hydrological stability and fully enclosed control: Around the proposed underground space, deep interlocking piles will be driven using the MJS or TRD method to construct a fully enclosed water-stop barrier. At the same time, recharge wells will be installed below the historical buildings outside the foundation pit.
[0025] In the subsequent construction phase, through strict coordinated measures of drainage inside the pit and water injection outside the pit, the absolute stability of the groundwater pressure under the old building is forcibly maintained, fundamentally preventing ground subsidence and deformation caused by groundwater loss.
[0026] S2, Precise locking and smooth transfer of load-bearing capacity The goal of this phase is to smoothly transfer the load from the old foundation of the historic building to the new deep foundation while avoiding destructive vibrations. The specific steps are as follows: S2.1, Conduct minimally invasive pile implantation and foundation consolidation engineering: Powered by a customized low-headroom hydraulic static pile driver, the entire process is completed in a low-noise, vibration-free environment.
[0027] Using the technique of "segmented driving and mechanical splicing", the micro steel pipe piles are statically driven through the foundation of the historical building and deeply embedded into the underlying solid rock and soil bearing layer.
[0028] Subsequently, micro-expansion early strength grouting material is injected into the pile body, and high-strength grouting is used to form a stable physical connection between the pile top and the bottom of the original foundation of the historical building.
[0029] S2.2, Implement basic support and force transmission path conversion: Hydraulic jacks are pre-installed under the building foundation. During the cutting of the old rubble foundation, the hydraulic jacks are activated to actively apply a preload lifting force equivalent to the weight of the building itself, based on the load data fed back by the sensors in real time. This ensures the force balance during the handover between the old and new foundations and effectively eliminates the gap period during the stress alternation stage.
[0030] S2.3, Implement permanent locking and seismic isolation technology access: The process of stable transfer of building stress is continuously monitored. Once all bearing capacity has been reliably transferred to the new micropile foundation, permanent locking is achieved by tightening the mechanical self-locking nut on the jack.
[0031] Subsequently, steel structural components took over the long-term load-bearing task, and lead-core rubber seismic isolation bearings were installed at the intersection of the pile top and the transfer layer beam to effectively isolate the ground vibration transmission that may be caused by future underground traffic or commercial activities, ensuring the safety and stability of the building.
[0032] S3, Miniaturized Reverse Construction Method and Underground Space Reconstruction Based on a top-down reverse construction logic, the first priority is to restore the surface functions, followed by the excavation of underground functional spaces and the relocation of facilities. The main operational procedures are as follows: S3.1 Cast-in-place roof slab and surface restoration: At the top floor of the underground space, a high-rigidity reinforced concrete slab is cast in place first. Once the slab is completed and reaches its design strength, it is used as a load-bearing platform to quickly restore the traditional paving and street traffic on the surface, ensuring the normal operation of ground functions.
[0033] S3.2, Miniaturized tunneling and soil renewal: With the help of the safety protection layer formed by the top plate, a miniature excavation robot is used to carry out the tunneling construction through pre-set concealed holes, removing the soil layer by layer, and gradually excavating a three-dimensional underground space for integrated utility tunnels and functional cabins.
[0034] S3.3, Integration of Municipal Systems and Optimization of Underground Functions: The power cables and communication lines that were originally scattered in the air were organized and dismantled, and then laid in the metal cable trays of the underground utility tunnel.
[0035] The excavated space will be divided into intelligent parking facilities and commercial service areas. Municipal facilities such as transformers and garbage stations that occupy ground space will be sunk and moved to underground chambers. Vertical fire evacuation passages will be set up in conjunction with non-protected historical building areas to optimize and reshape the overall functional layout and spatial structure.
[0036] S4, Intelligent Operation and Management Solution for Ecological Metabolic Network and Underground Space Within existing underground spaces, an ecological cycle control system coordinating key elements such as water, heat, wind, and light will be constructed, relying on a digital intelligent system to achieve long-term adaptive management. S4.1 Establishing a photo-wind metabolic cycle system: By vertically designing light guide pipes and passive ventilation towers that connect the surface and underground, an efficient closed loop of solar-wind metabolism is formed.
[0037] Light-collecting devices with high-reflectivity coatings are installed in concealed locations on the ground to capture sunlight and introduce it underground for lighting; at the same time, regularly automatic cleaning and maintenance equipment is configured to ensure that the light transmission efficiency remains at a high level for a long time.
[0038] To optimize ventilation performance, the exhaust gas accumulated underground is directed to a passive ventilation tower disguised as a historical building. The thermal pressure chimney effect is driven by the difference in light and heat between the buildings, resulting in natural exhaust.
[0039] S4.2 Constructing a hydrothermal resource recycling system: A cast-in-place sponge storage tank is set up at the bottom of the underground space to collect and store rainwater from the permeable pavement on the surface. After being filtered, the rainwater is intelligently diverted and transported through submersible pumps: part of it is used for flushing toilets in the underground toilets, and the other part is pumped back to the ground to ensure irrigation of green vegetation.
[0040] Meanwhile, shallow geothermal pipe networks are embedded inside the structural base slab and side walls, and connected to a ground source heat pump system to extract constant-temperature geothermal energy in a stable and efficient manner, providing a heat source for the building throughout the year.
[0041] The system uses real-time soil heat balance data to intelligently regulate the operation of auxiliary cold and heat source devices, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.
[0042] S4.3 Achieve intelligent management and proactive early warning throughout the entire lifecycle: By leveraging IoT technology, a series of sensors are deployed in the underground space to collect key data such as temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, foundation settlement and strain in real time, and upload them to the CIM digital management platform at fixed intervals (such as every ten minutes).
[0043] Based on the collected real-time data, the system automatically executes a three-tiered adaptive control and early warning mechanism: Green status (normal operation): When the settlement amplitude is within the safe threshold range (±1mm), only data recording and management file updates are performed, and no physical intervention is initiated.
[0044] Yellow status (attention and fine-tuning): If the settlement rate or cumulative change approaches the warning threshold (e.g., 3mm), the system will activate the hydraulic jacks via remote command to dynamically enhance the support force to balance the stratum stress and minimize settlement fluctuations.
[0045] Red status (emergency warning): If the settlement exceeds the danger threshold (e.g., 5mm), the system will immediately trigger an audible and visual alarm, cut off non-essential underground power supplies, and fully activate rapid emergency reinforcement measures to ensure the safety of personnel and structures.
[0046] Close linkage with meteorological data: The system also has the ability to detect and respond to external weather conditions in real time. If a rainstorm warning signal is received, it will immediately issue an instruction to empty the sponge water storage tanks and convert them into water storage tanks for urban flood control, reserving sufficient water storage space for possible heavy rainfall, thereby integrating underground space into the urban drainage system.
[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for the coordinated protection of historical districts and the ecological utilization of underground space, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Digital pre-simulation and hydrological closed-loop control: Establish safety benchmarks in virtual and hydrological environments, simulate groundwater level changes and soil stress release, generate excavation and support schemes, establish an initial benchmark data network, and maintain stable groundwater pressure under historical buildings. S2. Precise locking and smooth transfer of bearing capacity: Perform non-destructive minimally invasive pile planting and foundation consolidation, implement foundation support to eliminate the stress gap period at the junction of the old and new foundations, and perform permanent locking and seismic isolation technology connection. S3. Miniaturized reverse construction method and underground space reconstruction: priority is given to cast-in-place roof slabs to restore the surface appearance, followed by miniaturized underground excavation and soil renewal, municipal system integration and underground function optimization. S4. Intelligent Operation and Management Solution for Ecological Metabolic Network and Underground Space: Within the existing underground space, construct an ecological cycle control system that coordinates key elements such as water, heat, wind, and light, and implement intelligent management and proactive early warning throughout the entire life cycle.
2. The method for the coordinated protection of historical districts and the ecological utilization of underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 specifically includes: S1.1 Digital Twin Pre-simulation and Optimization: Establish a digital brain model, input the three-dimensional geological survey data of the target historical block, the distribution data of the existing underground pipeline network, and the three-dimensional laser scanning data of the historical buildings into the model, accurately simulate the dynamic process of groundwater level change and soil stress release, and generate excavation and support schemes. S1.2 Initial reference data network construction: Inclination sensors and stress gauges are distributed and attached to the walls, foundations and surrounding ground of historical buildings to collect initial stress and deformation reference data and synchronize them to the digital brain in real time; S1.3 Implementation of hydrological stability and full enclosure control: Interlocking piles are driven into the periphery of the underground space to be excavated to form a fully enclosed water-stop curtain. Recharge wells are set up below the historical buildings outside the foundation pit to implement measures of pumping water inside the pit and injecting water outside the pit to maintain the stability of groundwater pressure below the old buildings.
3. The method for the coordinated protection of historical districts and the ecological utilization of underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 specifically includes: S2.
1. Carry out minimally invasive pile driving and foundation consolidation engineering: In a low-noise and vibration-free state, micro steel pipe piles are statically driven through the original foundation of the historical building and implanted into the bearing soil layer below. Grouting material is injected into the pile to physically consolidate the top of the pile with the bottom of the original foundation of the historical building. S2.2 Implementation of foundation support and force transmission path conversion: Hydraulic jack devices are pre-installed at the lower end of the foundation. When cutting off the old foundation of the historical building to convert the force transmission path, the hydraulic jack devices are activated to actively apply preloaded support force upward based on the real-time load data fed back by the sensor. S2.3 Implementation of permanent locking and seismic isolation technology: After the load is completely transferred to the micro pile foundation, use the mechanical self-locking nut on the jack to physically lock it, and install seismic isolation bearings in series at the junction of the top of the micro steel pipe pile and the transfer layer beam.
4. The method for the coordinated protection of historical districts and the ecological utilization of underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 specifically includes: S3.1 Cast-in-place roof slab and surface restoration: At the top of the underground space, a reinforced concrete roof slab with high rigidity is cast in place as a transfer layer. After reaching the design strength, it is used as a foundation platform to restore the traditional paving and street traffic. S3.2 Miniaturized tunneling and soil renewal: Relying on the safety protection cover formed by the top plate, a small excavation robot is deployed through the pre-reserved concealed holes to carry out tunneling operations to dig out the soil downwards, opening up a three-dimensional space for underground integrated pipe gallery and functional cabins. S3.3, Municipal System Integration and Underground Function Optimization: The pipelines suspended in the historical blocks will be uniformly removed and classified and fixed on the pre-embedded cable trays of the underground integrated pipe gallery. The municipal facilities occupying the road surface will be moved underground and stored in the functional cabins. Fire evacuation passages that lead directly to the ground will be set up in conjunction with the edge non-protected buildings.
5. The method for the coordinated protection of historical districts and the ecological utilization of underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the ecological micro-circulation closed-loop system in step S4 specifically includes: S4.1 Establish a light-wind metabolic cycle system: Vertically connect the light pipes and passive ventilation towers that connect the surface and underground, and install light collectors with high reflective coatings in concealed places on the surface to capture sunlight and introduce it into underground lighting; connect the underground waste gas accumulation area to the exhaust port of the passive ventilation tower disguised as a historical building, and use the temperature difference to promote the thermal pressure effect for passive exhaust. S4.2 Constructing a water and heat resource recycling system: A sponge storage tank is cast in place at the bottom of the underground space. Rainwater collected from the surface is filtered and introduced into the tank for reuse as greywater. A shallow geothermal pipeline network is buried inside the foundation slab and side walls and connected to a ground source heat pump to extract constant-temperature geothermal energy to provide a cold and heat source for the building.
6. The method for the coordinated protection of historical districts and the ecological utilization of underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for achieving full lifecycle intelligent management and proactive early warning in step S4 include: By leveraging IoT technology, pre-set monitoring data from underground locations is transmitted in real time to the digital brain, and a three-tiered adaptive control and early warning mechanism is implemented based on the data: When the settlement change value is within the safety threshold, the system only records and archives the data and does not trigger physical actions. When the settlement rate or cumulative value reaches the warning threshold, the system automatically sends control commands to adjust the hydraulic jacks, actively increasing the support force to compensate for changes in stratum stress and suppress minor settlement. When the settlement reaches the danger threshold, an audible and visual alarm will be triggered immediately, non-essential underground power supplies will be automatically cut off, and an emergency reinforcement procedure will be initiated.
7. The method for the coordinated protection of historical districts and the ecological utilization of underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The full lifecycle intelligent management and proactive early warning also includes close linkage with meteorological data: the system receives external meteorological data in real time, and when it receives a rainstorm signal, it automatically issues an instruction to empty the capacity of the sponge water storage tank in advance and convert it into a water storage tank for urban flood prevention.