A decision method and system for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and arch expander selection

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of oral medical diagnostic and identification technology, and provides a decision-making method and system for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and expander selection. The method includes: S1: acquiring and verifying multiple mandatory parameters such as dentition stage, patient age, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular teeth, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular skeletal structure, bone or tooth expansion requirements, and midpalatal suture stage; S2: performing anchorage determination based on dentition type to obtain anchorage status; S3: inputting the structured parameter set into a hierarchical decision tree algorithm, using whether the bone or tooth expansion requirements have reached a preset activation threshold as the initial judgment condition, matching decision branches layer by layer according to a preset priority order, and arbitrating according to the anchorage safety priority rule when multiple candidate schemes conflict, outputting a maxillary arch expansion scheme; S4: outputting the maxillary arch expansion scheme and its corresponding judgment basis. This solves the problems of subjective judgment of midpalatal suture maturity, inaccurate estimation of skeletal and dental expansion amounts, and lack of a unified standard for assessing anchorage conditions at different dentition stages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of oral medical diagnosis and identification, and in particular to a method and system for diagnosing maxillary arch expansion and selecting arch expanders. Background Technology

[0002] Maxillary transverse hypoplasia is one of the most common three-dimensional discrepancies in orthodontic clinics. Its core treatment lies in effectively expanding the width of the maxilla or dental arch through arch expansion techniques. The technical principle of arch expansion treatment is mainly based on two types of effects: first, by applying orthodontic force to open the mid-palatal suture, stimulating new bone deposition in the suture zone to achieve skeletal arch expansion; second, by applying external force to the posterior teeth, causing buccal movement and tilting of the teeth to achieve dental arch expansion.

[0003] Accurate palatal expansion diagnosis is a prerequisite for developing a successful treatment plan. Its core components include: (1) accurately assessing the maturity of the mid-palatal suture to determine the potential and feasibility of skeletal expansion; (2) accurately measuring the demand for skeletal and dental expansion to determine the treatment goal; and (3) based on the above assessment, scientifically selecting the treatment path, such as conventional rapid expansion (RPE), micro-implant-assisted expansion (MARPE), or surgical-assisted expansion (SARPE), and guiding the personalized design of the expander. Under current technological conditions, maxillary palatal expansion diagnosis is quite difficult for clinicians. The core difficulty lies in accurately judging the maturity of the mid-palatal suture, and the result of this judgment directly determines whether to adopt a non-surgical or surgical approach. Currently, clinical judgment mainly relies on the doctor's personal experience, and there are significant differences in the judgment standards and results among different doctors, which may adversely affect the final treatment effect. The assessment of the maturity of the mid-palatal suture is the core basis for determining the maxillary expansion plan. If the mid-palatal suture is not completely ossified, conventional rapid expansion (RPE) can be used. If the mid-palatal suture is highly calcified, micro-implant-assisted expansion (MARPE) or surgical-assisted expansion (SARPE) is required.

[0004] However, the current clinical diagnostic process has significant limitations. Diagnosis relies heavily on the manual interpretation of clinical examinations and imaging data (such as CBCT), a process that is highly subjective, heavily dependent on the physician's personal experience, and lacks a unified, quantifiable decision-making path. Different physicians have different criteria for judging the maturity of the palatal midline and differ in their estimations of skeletal and dental arch expansion. This directly leads to uncertainty in the selection of treatment pathways, especially for primary care physicians, making diagnosis extremely difficult and hindering the guarantee of homogeneity and predictability of treatment outcomes.

[0005] In addition, the existing diagnostic process presents a series of specific challenges: in the indication determination stage, it is necessary to strictly distinguish between dental, skeletal, or functional problems to avoid incorrectly performing arch expansion based primarily on dental effects on patients whose skeletal development has been completed; in the treatment plan selection stage, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the patient's age, growth and development stage, degree of ossification of the palatal midline, and severity of deformity to determine the applicability of plans such as RPE, MARPE, or SARPE; in the risk assessment stage, it is necessary to assess the patient's compliance, oral hygiene, and temporomandibular joint condition, all of which directly affect the safety and long-term stability of the treatment.

[0006] If the diagnosis is wrong or the procedure is improper, it may lead to a series of adverse consequences: short-term discomfort includes pain, mucosal ulcers, and difficulty speaking; long-term problems include relapse, gingival recession, unstable occlusion, and temporomandibular joint disorder; serious complications include root resorption and pulp necrosis.

[0007] In conclusion, current maxillary expansion diagnostic techniques lack objective, unified, and quantifiable decision-making tools. There is an urgent need for a system that can assist dentists in making accurate diagnoses and scientific decisions, in order to reduce reliance on the doctor's personal experience and improve the accessibility of expansion techniques and the reliability of treatment outcomes.

[0008] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention redefines the diagnostic logic for maxillary skeletal expansion, providing a standardized decision-making method and system. Doctors can conduct diagnoses by following the logic and procedures set forth in this invention, or simply by inputting the corresponding data as required by the system; the system can then quickly output accurate diagnostic results, thereby effectively improving the objectivity of diagnosis and the success rate of treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned issues, the present invention aims to provide a decision-making method and system for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and expander selection. Through standardized, data-driven, and software-based maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and decision-making technology, it simultaneously resolves three major clinical pain points: subjective assessment of palatal suture maturity, inaccurate estimation of skeletal and dental expansion volume, and lack of a unified standard for assessing anchorage conditions at different dentition stages. This significantly reduces reliance on physician experience, improves the accuracy and consistency of expansion plan selection, simplifies clinical procedures, and effectively reduces diagnostic and treatment risks.

[0010] The above-mentioned objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A decision-making method for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and expander selection includes the following steps: S1: Acquire and verify multiple essential parameters, including dentition stage, patient age, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular teeth, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular bones, bone expansion or tooth expansion requirements, and palatal midline stage, to achieve palatal midline maturity assessment and accurate calculation of bone / tooth expansion amount. S2: Perform anchorage determination based on dentition type to obtain anchorage status, encode the dentition stage and the anchorage status, standardize the expansion amount requirement, and generate a structured parameter set; S3: Input the structured parameter set into the preset hierarchical decision tree algorithm, take whether the bone expansion or tooth expansion demand reaches the preset start threshold as the initial judgment condition, and match the decision branches layer by layer according to the preset priority order of dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion or tooth expansion demand, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. When there are multiple candidate schemes in conflict, arbitration is carried out according to the anchorage safety priority rule, and the corresponding maxillary arch expansion scheme is output. S4: Output the maxillary expansion scheme and its corresponding judgment criteria, wherein the maxillary expansion scheme includes at least one of the following: fixed rapid expansion scheme, micro-implant assisted expansion scheme, and surgical assisted expansion scheme.

[0011] Further, in step S1, several mandatory parameters are acquired and verified, including dentition stage, patient age, transverse width of the maxillary and mandibular teeth, transverse width of the maxillary and mandibular skeletal structure, bone expansion or tooth expansion requirements, and palatal midline staging. Specifically: The dentition stage is a preset fixed classification option, including primary dentition, mixed dentition, adolescent permanent dentition, and adult. It is entered by selecting the preset option. The system forces the verification that the parameter is not empty. If no selection is made, a prompt will be triggered and subsequent steps will be prohibited. The patient's age was automatically calculated from their date of birth and verified to be within a clinically reasonable age range; The transverse width of the maxillary and mandibular teeth is preferably obtained automatically by importing data from an oral 3D scanning device, or by automatically measuring or manually inputting data from an oral scanning model file. The transverse width of the maxilla and mandible is preferably obtained automatically by importing data from a CBCT device, or by automatically measuring or manually inputting data from CBCT image files; The bone expansion requirements are imported through a three-dimensional oral scanning device or manually measured and input, and verified to be within a preset clinically reasonable range. If the range is exceeded, a prompt is triggered and abnormal data is blocked. The mid-palatal suture staging is marked by doctors based on CBCT images. At the same time, image recognition technology is used to extract the gray value and ossification features of the mid-palatal suture for consistency verification, so as to achieve an objective judgment of the maturity of the mid-palatal suture. When the marking results are inconsistent with the image analysis results, they need to be manually reviewed and confirmed before proceeding to the next step. After the collection of the multiple parameters is completed, they serve as the input basis for the hierarchical decision tree algorithm. Based on the skeletal expansion initiation threshold, the algorithm matches the preset decision branches corresponding to the dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion requirements, and anchorage status, providing data support for subsequent expansion scheme matching.

[0012] Further, in step S2, an anchorage determination is performed based on the dental arch type to obtain the anchorage status, specifically as follows: The anchorage determination includes at least the anchorage determination during the mixed dentition stage and the anchorage determination during the young permanent dentition stage. The anchorage determination is performed according to the dentition type to complete the objective assessment of the anchorage conditions at different dentition stages. Anchorage determination during the mixed dentition period is based on the presence, stability, and eruption status of the first permanent molar on one side. When a preset number of stable primary molars are present on one side and the first permanent molar is fully erupted, the anchorage is considered sufficient. When the presence of primary molars is not met on one side, or the mobility of the primary molars exceeds a preset threshold, or the root resorption of the primary molars exceeds a preset threshold, the anchorage is considered insufficient. The stability of the primary molars is determined by combining the mobility observed in clinical examination and the root resorption observed in radiographic examination. The anchorage assessment for young permanent dentition is based on the eruption status and root development of the permanent premolar on one side. When a fully erupted permanent premolar on one side meets the preset standard for root development, the anchorage is considered sufficient. When there is no fully erupted permanent premolar on one side that can be used for anchorage, or when the root development of the permanent premolar does not meet the preset standard, the anchorage is considered insufficient.

[0013] Further, in step S2, the dental arch stage and the anchorage status are encoded, and the expansion amount requirement is standardized to generate a structured parameter set, specifically: The system performs background encoding conversion on classification parameters, including dentition stage and anchorage status; it performs uniform range scaling on numerical parameters, including bone expansion requirements, to adapt to the algorithm's calculation dimension; and it intercepts and marks outlier values ​​and performs default completion on missing parameters. For the classification parameters, including dentition stage and anchorage, a unified code is assigned to the backend according to the preset coding rules for node identification and logical branch matching in the hierarchical decision tree model. The coding results are not displayed to the doctor's front-end interface, and the interface always maintains the original clinical terminology display to ensure the compatibility between algorithm calculation and clinical cognition. For the numerical parameters, including bone expansion requirements, they are uniformly scaled to a preset calculation range through a preset linear mapping rule to eliminate the dimensional differences between different parameters, so that they and the encoding results of the classification parameters participate in the hierarchical decision tree algorithm operation under the same calculation dimension. Abnormal values ​​that exceed the preset clinical reasonable range are automatically identified, marked and intercepted, while abnormal data and operation information are recorded in the background log for easy traceability and review; For optional parameters that have not been entered, automatic completion is performed, and the nature of the completed parameter is clearly marked in the final diagnostic report to avoid misleading clinical judgment; The standardized parameter set will be passed to the core algorithm module as a structured input, providing a unified calculation basis for palatal midline assessment, arch expansion measurement, anchorage condition judgment, bone expansion requirements, and arch expansion scheme matching corresponding to different dentition stages and anchorage status.

[0014] Further, in step S3, the structured parameter set is input into a preset hierarchical decision tree algorithm. The algorithm uses whether the bone or tooth expansion requirement reaches a preset activation threshold as the initial judgment condition. Decision branches are matched layer by layer according to a preset priority order: dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone or tooth expansion requirement, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. When multiple candidate solutions conflict, arbitration is performed according to the anchorage safety priority rule, and the corresponding maxillary expansion plan is output, specifically: The decision to perform bony expansion is triggered when the bone expansion demand reaches a preset threshold. If the bone expansion demand is below this threshold, it is determined that bony expansion is not required. When the triggering conditions are met, the parameters are judged layer by layer according to the preset priority order. The priority is determined based on the retrospective analysis of clinical cases, and the priority is as follows: dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion requirement, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. The hierarchical decision tree algorithm is constructed based on a preset multi-branch logic. It takes the dentition stage as the first-level branch node and divides it into primary dentition, mixed dentition, adolescent permanent dentition and adult nodes in sequence. Each node is further divided into secondary judgment nodes for palatal suture stage, bone expansion requirement, anchorage status and tooth shrinkage / bone expansion ratio. It simultaneously integrates three core judgment dimensions: palatal suture maturity, bone / tooth expansion amount and anchorage condition. By matching parameter values ​​at each level, it achieves accurate matching of expansion schemes for different dentition stages, palatal suture status, bone or tooth expansion requirements and anchorage conditions. When there is a conflict between the expansion schemes corresponding to different parameters, the conflict arbitration rule of prioritizing anchorage safety is executed. The expansion scheme is adjusted according to the judgment result corresponding to the anchorage situation, and the reason for the conflict and the basis for adjustment are marked in the output result. Finally, a unique expansion scheme is output, including fixed rapid expansion, micro-implant-assisted expansion, or surgical-assisted expansion.

[0015] Furthermore, step S4 also includes: performing structured data interaction and node triggering in the order of data input, parameter processing, algorithm calculation, and result output; visually monitoring the progress of the entire diagnostic process; supporting encrypted caching and breakpoint resumption of the diagnostic process; and automatically redirecting to the manual auxiliary diagnostic interface when the algorithm calculation times out. Specifically: After the data input is completed, the parameters entered by the doctor or imported by the device are transmitted to the parameter processing stage in a structured information format that includes the parameter name, original value and input method. After parameter processing, including encoding, scaling, and anomaly handling, a structured parameter set containing parameter names, standardized values, and processing status is generated and passed to the algorithm calculation stage. The algorithm calculation stage runs a hierarchical decision tree algorithm, which generates preliminary diagnostic results containing recommended solutions, judgment criteria, and risk levels based on the hierarchical decision tree logic, and then transmits them to the result output stage. Each step has clear triggering and termination conditions and status indicators. The triggering condition for parameter processing is that all required parameters pass the verification, and the termination indicator is that the structured parameter set is generated. The algorithm's calculation is triggered by the successful reception of the structured parameter set and terminated when the preliminary diagnostic results are generated. The entire diagnostic process is visually monitored through a progress bar, which displays the progress status of data loading, algorithm calculation, and result generation according to a preset ratio. It also has a diagnostic interruption handling mechanism, which supports caching and saving the current input parameters, standardized processing results and diagnostic progress in an encrypted format. When resuming the diagnosis, it can directly jump to the interruption node. If the algorithm times out, the system will automatically redirect to the manual diagnostic interface, which will display the processed parameter information and provide manual adjustment suggestions to ensure that the palatal midline assessment, arch expansion measurement, and anchorage assessment processes are not interrupted, and to achieve complete execution of the matching logic for various arch expansion schemes.

[0016] Furthermore, following step S4, the process also includes generating a standardized diagnostic report in a preset format, containing basic patient information, parameter summaries, recommended arch retardation plan, judgment criteria, risk warnings, and clinical interpretation. Simultaneously, a visual decision path diagram is generated to illustrate the complete decision-making process, and the report can be exported for integration with external systems. Specifically: The system generates a maxillary expansion diagnosis report in a fixed file format by default, which can be printed directly on paper or seamlessly integrated with the hospital's electronic medical record system to complete data synchronization and archiving. At the same time, the core diagnostic conclusions are displayed in a pop-up window on the operation interface in real time. After the pop-up window finishes displaying its duration, it automatically collapses and hides to avoid occupying the operation field of view and affecting normal clinical use. Simultaneously generate a visual decision-making path diagram. Based on the complete parameter judgment node logic, the entire process judgment conditions and screening links are connected by related arrows. It intuitively presents the complete deduction process of hierarchical decision-making, parameter comparison and scheme selection for palatal midline maturity judgment, bone / dental arch expansion measurement, anchorage condition assessment, which is convenient for clinical traceability and doctor-patient communication interpretation. The standardized diagnostic report adopts a unified format and text layout rules, and integrates the patient's basic information, a summary of all input parameters, the optimal arch retardation plan, the complete logical judgment basis, graded risk warnings, and professional interpretations adapted to clinical scenarios in sequence. It fully includes all key information from the initial parameter collection, standardization processing, algorithm judgment, and anchorage assessment. The risk warning content is compiled according to the standardized logic of risk category, risk level and targeted prevention and control suggestions. The clinical interpretation content combines different dentition development stages, palatal midline status, bone expansion needs and anchorage conditions to clarify the applicable scope and clinical application of each arch expansion plan.

[0017] A decision system for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and expander selection, used to perform the decision-making method for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and expander selection as described above, includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire and verify multiple mandatory parameters, including dentition stage, patient age, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular teeth, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular bones, bone expansion or tooth expansion requirements, and palatal midline stage, to achieve palatal midline maturity assessment and accurate calculation of bone / tooth expansion amount. Anchorage determination module is used to perform anchorage determination according to dentition type to obtain anchorage status, and to encode the dentition stage and the anchorage status, and to standardize the expansion amount requirement to generate a structured parameter set; The hierarchical decision module is used to input the structured parameter set into a preset hierarchical decision tree algorithm, and use whether the bone expansion or tooth expansion demand reaches a preset start threshold as the initial judgment condition. The decision branches are matched layer by layer according to the preset priority order of dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion or tooth expansion demand, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. When there are multiple conflicting candidate solutions, arbitration is performed according to the anchorage safety priority rule, and the corresponding maxillary arch expansion solution is output. The result output module is used to output the maxillary expansion scheme and its corresponding judgment criteria, wherein the maxillary expansion scheme includes at least one of the following: fixed rapid expansion scheme, micro-implant assisted expansion scheme, and surgical assisted expansion scheme.

[0018] A computer device, characterized in that it includes a memory and one or more processors, wherein the memory stores computer code, and when the computer code is executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method as described above.

[0019] A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores computer code, which, when executed, is performed as described above.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention establishes a standardized, systematic and quantifiable diagnostic and evaluation system for maxillary skeletal expansion. It simultaneously achieves three core functions: objective judgment of palatal midline maturity, accurate calculation of bone / dental expansion amount, and standardized assessment of anchorage conditions at different dentition stages. Differentiated anchorage judgment criteria are set for different dentition development stages. Combined with imaging features and oral clinical indicators for comprehensive evaluation, it overcomes the drawbacks of traditional diagnostic methods that are subjective, experience-based, and lack uniform judgment standards. It significantly reduces individual differences in diagnosis and treatment judgment among different physicians and improves the objectivity and homogeneity of maxillary expansion diagnosis.

[0021] (2) This invention realizes the standardized conversion and dimension unification of multiple diagnostic and treatment parameters. By classifying parameter encoding, scaling of numerical parameter range, interception of abnormal data and intelligent completion of missing parameters, it solves the technical problems of messy multi-source detection data formats, inconsistent calculation dimensions and invalid data interference in the judgment of palatal midline assessment, arch expansion measurement and anchorage judgment. It provides a stable, standardized and reliable data foundation for intelligent algorithm operation and ensures the accuracy of subsequent scheme deduction.

[0022] (3) This invention adopts a hierarchical decision tree algorithm based on clinical big data support, combined with a multi-parameter priority sorting mechanism and a safety-first conflict arbitration logic. With palatal midline maturity, bone expansion demand, and anchorage conditions as the core judgment dimensions, it can automatically match the optimal arch expansion scheme based on key indicators such as the patient's dentition stage, palatal midline maturity, bone expansion demand, and anchorage conditions. This replaces the traditional manual comparison and judgment mode, effectively improves the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment decision-making, and avoids diagnostic errors caused by human negligence.

[0023] (4) The present invention optimizes the overall diagnostic operation logic and improves the operation mechanism such as full-process progress monitoring, encrypted breakpoint continuation diagnosis, and adaptive jump for operation timeout. It can adapt to the actual working conditions such as sudden interruption, equipment compatibility differences, and diverse data acquisition methods in clinical diagnosis and treatment scenarios, ensuring the stability and continuity of the entire process of palatal midline assessment, arch expansion measurement, and anchorage assessment, enhancing the stability, flexibility, and clinical adaptability of the system operation, and effectively ensuring the continuous and smooth progress of the diagnosis and treatment process.

[0024] (5) This invention forms a standardized and structured diagnostic output format. Combined with the visualization of decision-making paths and the generation of standardized diagnostic reports, it fully presents the three core bases of palatal midline maturity judgment, accurate calculation of arch expansion volume, and anchorage condition assessment. It also fully retains the diagnostic judgment basis, risk assessment content, and application instructions of the plan. This makes it easy for clinicians to quickly interpret and review the diagnosis and treatment logic. It can also be directly connected to the hospital's electronic medical record system to achieve traceability and archiving of diagnosis and treatment data. At the same time, it is easy to clearly explain the treatment plan to patients and improve the efficiency of doctor-patient communication and the transparency of diagnosis and treatment.

[0025] (6) This invention avoids clinical risks from three major diagnostic sources simultaneously, accurately distinguishes between dental and skeletal palate expansion indications, objectively determines the ossification status of the palatal midline to select the appropriate palate expansion method, accurately calculates the amount of palate expansion to avoid over- or under-expansion, scientifically assesses the anchorage conditions to ensure the stability of palate expansion, and conducts risk prediction and complication prevention and control in advance. It reduces clinical problems such as mismatch of treatment plan, insufficient anchorage, and palate expansion failure from the source of diagnosis, significantly reduces the probability of postoperative recurrence, tissue damage and other adverse complications, and comprehensively improves the safety, effectiveness and long-term clinical efficacy of maxillary palate expansion treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall decision-making method for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and arch expander selection in this invention. Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the overall structure of the decision-making system for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and arch expander selection according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this specification means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0029] This invention patent primarily addresses three key shortcomings in current oral clinical diagnosis and treatment regarding maxillary arch expansion: insufficient decision support. Most clinical decisions concerning arch expansion, such as the selection of expanders, the design of expansion volume, and the assessment of anchorage conditions, rely on the physician's personal experience. This leads to deficiencies such as subjective assessment of palatal suture maturity, inaccurate estimation of bone / dental expansion volume, and a lack of standardized assessment criteria for anchorage conditions. Furthermore, it lacks a systematic diagnostic approach and effective support from objective key data. This invention patent's technical solution comprehensively analyzes and diagnoses multiple aspects, including palatal suture maturity, bone expansion needs, dental expansion needs, dentition development stage, and anchorage conditions. It simultaneously achieves objective assessment of the palatal suture, accurate calculation of expansion volume, and standardized assessment of anchorage conditions. Each diagnostic conclusion is supported by specific data, serving as a direct guideline for clinical arch expansion diagnosis and treatment. In addition to proposing a complete arch expansion diagnosis and treatment plan, this patent also develops the invention's findings into dedicated software for more intuitive and convenient use by physicians.

[0030] The following is an illustration through specific examples: First Embodiment like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a decision-making method for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and expander selection, including the following steps: S1: Acquire and verify multiple essential parameters, including dentition stage, patient age, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular teeth, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular bones, bone or tooth expansion requirements, and palatal midline stage, to achieve palatal midline maturity assessment and accurate calculation of bone / tooth expansion.

[0031] In step S1, several mandatory parameters are collected and verified, including dentition stage, patient age, transverse width of the maxilla and mandible teeth, transverse width of the maxilla and mandible skeletal structure, bone expansion requirements, and midpalatal suture stage. The dentition stage is a preset fixed classification option, including primary dentition, mixed dentition, adolescent permanent dentition, and adult. It is entered by selecting the preset option. The system forces the verification that the parameter is not empty. If no selection is made, a prompt will be triggered and subsequent steps will be prohibited. The patient's age was automatically calculated from their date of birth and verified to be within a clinically reasonable age range; The transverse width of the maxillary and mandibular teeth is preferably obtained automatically by importing data from an oral 3D scanning device, or by automatically measuring or manually inputting data from an oral scanning model file. The transverse width of the maxilla and mandible is preferably obtained automatically by importing data from a CBCT device, or by automatically measuring or manually inputting data from CBCT image files; The bone expansion requirements are imported through a three-dimensional oral scanning device or manually measured and input, and verified to be within a preset clinically reasonable range. If the range is exceeded, a prompt is triggered and abnormal data is blocked. The mid-palatal suture staging is marked by doctors based on CBCT images. At the same time, image recognition technology is used to extract the gray value and ossification features of the mid-palatal suture for consistency verification, so as to achieve an objective judgment of the maturity of the mid-palatal suture. When the marking results are inconsistent with the image analysis results, they need to be manually reviewed and confirmed before proceeding to the next step. After the collection of the multiple parameters is completed, they serve as the input basis for the hierarchical decision tree algorithm. Based on the skeletal expansion initiation threshold, the algorithm matches the preset decision branches corresponding to the dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion requirements, and anchorage status, providing data support for subsequent expansion scheme matching.

[0032] In this embodiment, a preferred example includes the following: Specifically, the methods for collecting and verifying each parameter are as follows: (1) Dental stage: As a mandatory sub-type parameter, doctors select it through the software drop-down menu. The options in the drop-down menu are fixed as "deciduous dentition, mixed dentition, adolescent permanent dentition, and adult", and no custom input items are set. The drop-down menu displays "Please select" by default. The verification rule is that one item must be selected. If the doctor does not select any option and clicks "Next" directly, the software will automatically pop up a window prompting "Please supplement the patient's dental stage information". This step cannot be skipped and the doctor must supplement the selection before continuing the subsequent operation.

[0033] (2) Patient's date of birth and age: As a required numerical parameter, the doctor selects the patient's specific date of birth through the date of birth selection box in the software. The system automatically calculates and generates the patient's age based on the entered date of birth. The verification rule is that the patient's age must be greater than 3 years old and less than 65 years old. If the age does not meet this range, the system will intercept and prompt the patient to re-enter the date of birth.

[0034] (3) Transverse width of maxillary and mandibular teeth: As a required numerical parameter, the unit is fixed in millimeters (mm); the preferred method of acquisition is to measure through an oral 3D scanner and then directly import the data into the software to achieve automatic data entry; if the oral 3D scanner is not connected, the doctor can manually upload the oral scan model file and the software can automatically measure and calculate the transverse width of the maxilla and mandible; in addition, the doctor can also measure it himself and manually input the measurement results into the software.

[0035] (4) Bone width of the maxilla and mandible: As a required numerical parameter, the unit is fixed in millimeters (mm); the preferred acquisition method is to measure through CBCT equipment and then directly import the data into the software to achieve automatic data entry; if CBCT equipment is not connected, the doctor can manually upload the CBCT file and the software can automatically measure and calculate the bone width; in addition, the doctor can also measure it himself and manually input the measurement results into the software.

[0036] (5) Bone expansion requirement: As a mandatory numerical parameter, the unit is fixed in millimeters (mm); the preferred acquisition method is to measure through a 3D oral scanner and then directly import the data into the software to achieve automatic data entry; if a 3D oral scanner is not connected, the doctor can manually measure and input the measurement results based on the patient's CBCT image; the verification rule is that the value range must be between 0 and 15 mm. If the input value exceeds 15 mm, the software will automatically highlight the input box in red and pop up a window prompting "The normal clinical range of bone expansion is 0-15 mm. Please reconfirm the measurement results." At the same time, only one decimal place is allowed for the input value (e.g., 8.5 mm) to ensure that the accuracy of the bone expansion requirement data of all patients is consistent.

[0037] (6) Palatal midline staging: As a mandatory Boolean parameter, after reviewing the patient's CBCT image, the doctor selects one of the two options, "≤C stage" or ">C stage", in the software. At the same time, the software will use image recognition technology to extract the gray value and ossification degree features of the palatal midline region and verify the consistency between the extracted feature data and the results manually selected by the doctor. If the two are inconsistent, the software will pop up a window prompting "Your annotation does not match the CBCT image analysis results. Please review and submit again." The doctor must manually confirm "Keep the annotation" or "Modify the annotation" before proceeding to the next step.

[0038] S2: Perform anchorage determination based on dentition type to obtain anchorage status, encode the dentition stage and the anchorage status, standardize the expansion amount requirement, and generate a structured parameter set.

[0039] In step S2, an anchorage determination is performed based on the dentition type to obtain the anchorage status, specifically as follows: The anchorage determination includes at least the anchorage determination during the mixed dentition stage and the anchorage determination during the young permanent dentition stage. The anchorage determination is performed according to the dentition type to complete the objective assessment of the anchorage conditions at different dentition stages. Anchorage determination during the mixed dentition period is based on the presence, stability, and eruption status of the first permanent molar on one side. When a preset number of stable primary molars are present on one side and the first permanent molar is fully erupted, the anchorage is considered sufficient. When the presence of primary molars is not met on one side, or the mobility of the primary molars exceeds a preset threshold, or the root resorption of the primary molars exceeds a preset threshold, the anchorage is considered insufficient. The stability of the primary molars is determined by combining the mobility observed in clinical examination and the root resorption observed in radiographic examination. The anchorage assessment for young permanent dentition is based on the eruption status and root development of the permanent premolar on one side. When a fully erupted permanent premolar on one side meets the preset standard for root development, the anchorage is considered sufficient. When there is no fully erupted permanent premolar on one side that can be used for anchorage, or when the root development of the permanent premolar does not meet the preset standard, the anchorage is considered insufficient.

[0040] In this embodiment, a preferred example includes: during actual clinical assessment, if at least one deciduous molar exists on one side during the mixed dentition stage and this deciduous molar is stable, while the first permanent molar has fully erupted, then the anchorage on that side can be determined to be sufficient. The specific criteria for determining the stability of the deciduous molar are: a clinical oral examination showing a mobility angle of less than 1°, and a comprehensive assessment combining panoramic radiographs and CBCT imaging showing that the root resorption of the deciduous molar does not exceed one-third. If the patient has no deciduous molar remaining on one side, or all deciduous molars on one side have excessive mobility angles, or the root resorption of the deciduous molar exceeds one-third, then the anchorage on that side is directly determined to be insufficient. When assessing the age of permanent dentition in young children, the core criteria are the eruption status of permanent premolars on one side and the stage of root development. If there is at least one fully erupted permanent premolar on one side, and the root development of the permanent premolar is confirmed to have reached Nola 8 stage or above through panoramic radiographs or CBCT imaging, the anchorage in the corresponding area is considered sufficient. If there is no fully erupted permanent premolar on one side, or if the root development of the erupted permanent premolar has not reached Nola 8 stage, the anchorage is considered insufficient.

[0041] In step S2, the dental arch stage and the anchorage status are encoded, and the expansion amount requirement is standardized to generate a structured parameter set, specifically: The system performs background encoding conversion on classification parameters, including dentition stage and anchorage status; it performs uniform range scaling on numerical parameters, including bone expansion requirements, to adapt to the algorithm's calculation dimension; and it intercepts and marks outlier values ​​and performs default completion on missing parameters. For the classification parameters, including dentition stage and anchorage, a unified code is assigned to the backend according to the preset coding rules for node identification and logical branch matching in the hierarchical decision tree model. The coding results are not displayed to the doctor's front-end interface, and the interface always maintains the original clinical terminology display to ensure the compatibility between algorithm calculation and clinical cognition. For the numerical parameters, including bone expansion requirements, they are uniformly scaled to a preset calculation range through a preset linear mapping rule to eliminate the dimensional differences between different parameters, so that they and the encoding results of the classification parameters participate in the hierarchical decision tree algorithm operation under the same calculation dimension. Abnormal values ​​that exceed the preset clinical reasonable range are automatically identified, marked and intercepted, while abnormal data and operation information are recorded in the background log for easy traceability and review; For optional parameters that have not been entered, automatic completion is performed, and the nature of the completed parameter is clearly marked in the final diagnostic report to avoid misleading clinical judgment; The standardized parameter set will be passed to the core algorithm module as a structured input, providing a unified calculation basis for palatal midline assessment, arch expansion measurement, and arch expansion scheme matching corresponding to anchorage condition judgment.

[0042] In this embodiment, a preferred example includes the following: In specific implementation, the standardization processing method for each parameter is as follows: (1) Classification parameter encoding processing: For the two classification parameters of dentition stage and anchorage status, the background uniform encoding conversion is performed according to the preset rules. Among them, the encoding rules for dentition stage are: "deciduous dentition" is encoded as 1, "mixed dentition" is encoded as 2, "adolescent permanent dentition" is encoded as 3, and "adult" is encoded as 4; the encoding rules for anchorage status are: "sufficient" is encoded as 1, and "insufficient" is encoded as 0. The above encoding results are only stored in the software background database and are only used for the subsequent hierarchical decision tree algorithm for hierarchical judgment and logical branch matching. The doctor's operation interface always displays the original clinical category names such as "deciduous dentition", "mixed dentition", "sufficient anchorage", and "insufficient anchorage", without changing the doctor's clinical cognitive habits, and ensuring the compatibility between algorithm calculation and clinical operation.

[0043] (2) Numerical parameter range scaling: For the numerical parameter of bone expansion requirement, its original measurement range is 0-15 mm. In order to adapt to the calculation logic of "parameter weights are all in the 0-1 range" in the algorithm, a linear mapping method is used to uniformly scale it to the range of 0 to 1. The specific scaling logic is "divide the original value of bone expansion requirement by 15". For example, if the original value of bone expansion requirement is 10 mm, the scaling result is 10÷15≈0.67; if the original value of bone expansion requirement is 15 mm, the scaling result is 15÷15=1.0. Through this scaling process, it is ensured that the calculation dimension of bone expansion requirement and other parameters such as anchorage status encoding (1 / 0) is unified, providing a standardized data foundation for subsequent algorithm operation.

[0044] (3) Handling outliers and missing values: Outlier handling: If the doctor enters a bone expansion requirement of 50 mm (far exceeding the clinically reasonable range of 0-15 mm), the software will automatically identify the value as an "outlier" and immediately pop up a window prompting "Data exceeds the normal range, please remeasure." At the same time, the abnormal data will be completely recorded in the background log, which includes the entry time of the abnormal data and the operator's information, so that medical staff can trace and review it later and correct data errors in a timely manner.

[0045] Handling missing values: For the optional parameter "Previous orthodontic history", if the doctor does not fill in this parameter, the software will automatically fill it in to "No previous orthodontic history". At the same time, in the "Parameter Description" column of the final diagnostic report, it is clearly marked that "This parameter is the system default completion and is for reference only", so as to avoid misleading clinical judgment due to missing parameters or default completion, and to ensure the accuracy and rigor of the diagnostic results.

[0046] After the above-mentioned classification parameter encoding, numerical parameter scaling, and processing of outliers and missing values, a standardized parameter set is formed. This parameter set is passed to the core algorithm module as a structured input, providing a unified, accurate, and reliable calculation basis for matching expansion schemes corresponding to different dentition stages, bone expansion requirements, and anchorage states, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the subsequent S3 algorithm operation.

[0047] S3: Input the structured parameter set into a preset hierarchical decision tree algorithm, take whether the bone expansion or tooth expansion demand reaches a preset start threshold as the initial judgment condition, and match decision branches layer by layer according to the preset priority order of dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion or tooth expansion demand, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. When there are multiple conflicting candidate solutions, arbitration is performed according to the anchorage safety priority rule, and the corresponding maxillary arch expansion solution is output.

[0048] In this embodiment, step S3 specifically includes: The decision to perform bony expansion is triggered when the bone expansion demand reaches a preset threshold. If the bone expansion demand is below this threshold, it is determined that bony expansion is not required. When the triggering conditions are met, the parameters are judged layer by layer according to the preset priority order. The priority is determined based on the retrospective analysis of clinical cases, and the priority is as follows: dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion requirement, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. The hierarchical decision tree algorithm is constructed based on a preset multi-branch logic. It takes the dentition stage as the first-level branch node and divides it into primary dentition, mixed dentition, adolescent permanent dentition and adult nodes in sequence. Each node is further divided into secondary judgment nodes for palatal suture stage, bone expansion requirement, anchorage status and tooth shrinkage / bone expansion ratio. It simultaneously integrates three core judgment dimensions: palatal suture maturity, bone / tooth expansion amount and anchorage condition. By matching parameter values ​​at each level, it achieves accurate matching of expansion schemes for different dentition stages, palatal suture status, bone or tooth expansion requirements and anchorage conditions. When there is a conflict between the expansion schemes corresponding to different parameters, the conflict arbitration rule of prioritizing anchorage safety is executed. The expansion scheme is adjusted according to the judgment result corresponding to the anchorage situation, and the reason for the conflict and the basis for adjustment are marked in the output result. Finally, a unique expansion scheme is output, including fixed rapid expansion, micro-implant-assisted expansion, or surgical-assisted expansion.

[0049] In this embodiment, an example of a hierarchical decision tree model is as follows: Using "skeletal expansion requirement ≥3mm" as the initiation threshold, the decision branches are constructed by prioritizing dentition stage, midpalatal suture stage, bone expansion, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio, and then evaluating each step in turn: Primary node: Dental arch stage (divided into 4 branches) Branch 1: Primary dentition 1.1 Child Nodes: Well-secured → Recommended activity: Slow bow extension 1.2 Child Nodes: Poor fixation → Recommended: Fixed slow bow expansion (Hyrax) Branch 2: Replacement dentition The mixed dentition is divided into 4 secondary branches: 2.1 Secondary branch: no bone expansion, dental arch expansion 2.1.1 Sub-nodes: Well-fixed / No traction required → Recommended slow bow expansion 2.1.2 Sub-nodes: Well-fixed / require traction → Recommended: Fixed slow pantograph expander (Hyrax) 2.1.3 Child Nodes: Poor fixation → Recommended fixed slow bow expansion (Hyrax) 2.2 Secondary Branch: Bone Reaming and Dental Reaming 2.2.1 Sub-node: Primary molar anchorage is sufficient (unilateral anchorage ≥2) 2.2.1.1 Bone expansion ≥ dental expansion → Fixed rapid arch expansion (Hass) recommended 2.2.1.2 Dental expansion > Bone expansion → Fixed slow expansion (Hyrax) recommended 2.2.2 Sub-node: Insufficient anchorage of deciduous molars (unilateral anchorage < 2) 2.2.2.1 <9 years old: No lateral problems that must be addressed → do not expand the arch for now, and reassess the anchorage development after the permanent teeth erupt. 2.2.2.2 ≥ 9 years old: For lateral issues that must be addressed (posterior crossbite causing malocclusion, anterior crossbite requiring forward traction, maxillary narrowing causing mandibular retrusion, etc.) → Marpe (two screws) is recommended. No lateral issues requiring immediate attention → no further arch expansion will be performed until anchorage development is assessed after permanent teeth eruption. 2.3 Secondary branch: Bone expansion without tooth expansion 2.3.1 Sub-node: Primary molar anchorage is sufficient (unilateral anchorage ≥2) 2.3.1.1 Bone expansion < 8mm Mid-palatal suture stage <C stage → Fixed rapid palpebral expansion recommended (BD-II type, Haas, Hyrax) Mid-palatal suture staging = Stage C → Recommended fixed rapid palpebral expansion (BD-II type) 2.3.1.2 Bone expansion ≥ 8mm <9 years old → Recommended fixed rapid bow expansion (BD-II type) Ages 9 and up → Marpe (two nails) recommended 2.3.2 Sub-node: Insufficient anchorage of deciduous molars (unilateral anchorage < 2) 2.3.2.1 <9 years old: No lateral problems that must be addressed → do not expand the arch for now, and reassess the anchorage development after the permanent teeth erupt. 2.3.2.2 ≥ 9 years old: No lateral issues requiring immediate attention → no further arch expansion will be performed until anchorage development is assessed after permanent teeth eruption. For problems requiring lateral coordination to resolve (posterior crossbite leading to malocclusion, anterior crossbite requiring forward traction, maxillary narrowing causing mandibular retrusion, etc.) → Marpe (two screws) is recommended. 2.4 Secondary branch: Bone expansion and tooth contraction 2.4.1 Sub-node: Primary molar anchorage is sufficient (unilateral anchorage ≥2) 2.4.1.1 Bone expansion < 8mm → Fixed rapid expansion (BD-2 type) 2.4.1.2 Bone expansion ≥ 8mm 2.4.1.2.1: <9 years old 2.4.1.2.1.1 Tooth reduction / bone expansion < 2 / 3 → Fixed rapid arch expansion (BD-2 type, but bone expansion may be insufficient) 2.4.1.2.1.2 Tooth reduction / bone expansion ≥ 2 / 3 No immediate lateral issues requiring immediate attention → Arch expansion will be postponed until sufficient anchorage is achieved after tooth eruption for further evaluation. Problems requiring lateral coordination to resolve (posterior crossbite leading to malocclusion, anterior crossbite requiring anterior traction, maxillary narrowing causing mandibular retrusion, etc.) → Fixed rapid arch expansion (BD-2 type, but bone expansion may be insufficient) → Marpe (four screws, anchorage screws have a high risk of loosening and falling out) 2.4.1.2.2 ≥9 years old 2.4.1.2.2.1 Tooth reduction / bone expansion < 1 / 2 → Marpe (two screws) 2.4.1.2.2.2 Tooth reduction / bone expansion ≥ 1 / 2 → Marpe (four screws) 2.4.2 Sub-node: Insufficient anchorage of deciduous molars (unilateral anchorage < 2) 2.4.2.1 <9 years old 2.4.2.1.1 No lateral issues that must be addressed immediately → Do not expand the arch for now; reassess after the permanent teeth have erupted and the anchorage is sufficient. 2.4.2.1.2 Problems that require lateral coordination to resolve (posterior crossbite causing malocclusion, anterior crossbite requiring anterior traction, maxillary narrowing causing mandibular retrusion, etc.) → Temporarily postpone arch expansion or Marpe (risk of anchorage screw loosening and falling out). 2.4.2.2 ≥9 years old 2.4.2.2.1 Bone expansion < 8mm → Marpe (two screws) 2.4.2.2.2 Bone expansion ≥ 8mm 2.4.2.2.2.1 Tooth reduction / bone expansion < 1 / 2 → Marpe (two screws) 2.4.2.2.2.2 Tooth reduction / bone expansion ≥ 1 / 2 → Marpe (four screws) Branch 3: Adolescent permanent dentition The lower permanent dentition of adolescents is divided into 4 secondary branches: 3.1 Secondary branch: No bone expansion, dental arch expansion → No need for specialized arch expansion, fixed orthodontic treatment or invisible orthodontic treatment can achieve this. 3.2 Secondary branch: Bone expansion and dental expansion 3.2.1 Sufficient premolar anchorage (≥Nola 8 stages) 3.2.1.1 Bone expansion > Dental expansion 3.2.1.1.1 Palatal midline stage ≤ C stage → Fixed rapid palatal expansion (Haas) 3.2.1.1.2 Palatal midline staging > Stage C → Marpe (two nails) 3.2.1.2 Dental expansion > Bone expansion 3.2.1.2.1 Palatal midline stage ≤ C stage → Fixed rapid palatal expansion (Hyrax) 3.2.1.2.2 Palatal midline staging > Stage C → Marpe (two nails) 3.2.2 Insufficient premolar anchorage (<Nola 8 stage) 3.2.2.1 No lateral problems that must be addressed immediately, and full orthodontic treatment is not feasible at this time → Do not expand the arch for now; reassess after the premolar roots have sufficient anchorage. 3.2.2.2 Problems that require lateral coordination to resolve (posterior crossbite leading to malocclusion, anterior crossbite requiring anterior traction), or the need for full orthodontic treatment. 3.2.2.2.1 Palatal midline stage ≤ C stage → Marpe (two nails) 3.2.2.2.2 Palatal midline staging > Stage C → Marpe (four nails) 3.3 Secondary branch: Bone expansion without tooth expansion 3.3.1 Tertiary node: Sufficient premolar anchorage (≥Nola 8 stages) 3.3.1.1 Level IV node: Palatal midline stage ≤ C stage 3.3.1.1.1 Bone expansion < 5mm → Fixed rapid expansion (BD-2 type) 3.3.1.1.2 5mm ≤ bone expansion < 8mm → Marpe (two screws) 3.3.1.1.3 Bone expansion ≥ 8mm → Marpe (four screws) 3.3.1.2 Fourth-level node: Palatal midline stage > Stage C 3.3.1.2.1 Bone expansion < 5mm → Marpe (two screws) 3.3.1.2.2 Bone expansion ≥ 5mm → Marpe (four screws) 3.3.2 Tertiary node: Insufficient premolar anchorage (< Nola 8 stage) 3.3.2.1 No lateral problems that must be addressed immediately, and full orthodontic treatment is not feasible at this time → Do not expand the arch for now; reassess after the premolar roots have sufficient anchorage. 3.3.2.2 Problems that require lateral coordination to resolve (posterior crossbite leading to malocclusion, anterior crossbite requiring anterior traction), or the need for full orthodontic treatment. 3.3.2.2.1 Palatal midline stage ≤ C stage → Marpe (two nails) 3.3.2.2.2 Palatal midline staging > Stage C → Marpe (four nails) 3.4 Secondary branch: Bone expansion and compression 3.4.1 Tertiary node: Sufficient premolar anchorage (≥Nola 8 stages) 3.4.1.1 Level IV node: Palatal midline stage ≤ C stage 3.4.1.1.1 Bone expansion ≤ 5mm → Fixed rapid expansion (BD-2 type) 3.4.1.1.2 5mm < bone expansion < 8mm Tooth reduction / bone expansion < 1 / 2 → Marpe (two screws) Tooth reduction / bone expansion ≥ 1 / 2 → Marpe (four screws) 3.4.1.1.3 Bone expansion ≥ 8mm → Marpe (four screws) 3.4.1.2 Level IV node: Palatal midline stage > Stage C → Marpe (four nails) 3.4.2 Tertiary node: Insufficient premolar anchorage (< Nola 8 stage) 3.4.2.1 No lateral problems that must be addressed immediately, and full orthodontic treatment is not feasible at this time → Do not expand the arch for now; reassess after the premolar roots have sufficient anchorage. 3.4.2.2 Problems that require lateral coordination to resolve (posterior crossbite leading to malocclusion, anterior crossbite requiring anterior traction), or the need for full orthodontic treatment. 3.4.2.2.1 Fifth-level node: Palatal midline stage ≤ C stage 3.4.2.2.1.1 Bone expansion < 8mm Tooth reduction / bone expansion < 1 / 2 → Marpe (two screws) Tooth reduction / bone expansion ≥ 1 / 2 → Marpe (four screws) 3.4.2.2.1.2 Bone expansion ≥ 8mm → Marpe (four screws) 3.4.2.2.2 Fifth-level node: Palatal midline stage > Stage C → Marpe (four nails) Branch 4: Adults Marpe (four screws) is recommended, but the risk of failure of the osseointegration technique must be emphasized. In this embodiment, a preferred example includes: (1) Algorithm type and core principle: The "hierarchical decision tree algorithm" is adopted as the core calculation algorithm. The core principle is "to use whether the skeletal expansion requirement reaches the preset threshold as the starting condition, and then judge layer by layer according to the preset parameter priority, and finally match the unique corresponding expansion scheme". The starting threshold is set as "skeletal expansion requirement ≥ 3 mm". The parameter priority is strictly ordered according to "dental stage > palatal midline stage > bone expansion requirement > anchorage > tooth shrinkage / bone expansion ratio". This priority order is determined based on the retrospective analysis of 1000 maxillary expansion clinical cases. The dental stage has an influence rate of 30% (highest) on the scheme selection, while the influence rate of tooth shrinkage / bone expansion ratio is only 10% (lowest). Therefore, this priority order is determined.

[0050] (2) Specific steps of stratified decision-making (taking patients with mixed dentition as an example): First, determine whether the skeletal expansion requirement is ≥3 mm (starting threshold). If the value is <3 mm, it is determined as "no skeletal expansion is needed", and the output plan is "no skeletal expansion is needed, it is recommended to achieve dental expansion through fixed orthodontics or invisible orthodontics"; if the value is ≥3 mm, proceed to the next step of judgment. Second, determine whether the dentition stage is mixed dentition. After confirming that it is correct, proceed to the palatal midline stage judgment. If the palatal midline stage is ≤C stage, proceed to the bone expansion requirement judgment; if the palatal midline stage is >C stage, adjust the judgment logic and prioritize the adult expansion plan. Third, determine the specific value of the bone expansion requirement. If the bone expansion is ≥8 mm, proceed to the anchorage situation judgment; if the bone expansion is <8 mm, directly output the "recommended fixed rapid expansion (BD-I type)" plan. The fourth step is to assess the anastomosis. If the anastomosis is adequate, the "MARPE (two screws)" protocol will be used; if the anastomosis is insufficient, the protocol will be adjusted to "MARPE (four screws)".

[0051] (3) Specific implementation of conflict arbitration: If a patient meets both the criteria of "bone expansion ≥ 8 mm" (compliant with the MARPE two-screw protocol) and "insufficient anchorage" (compliant with the MARPE four-screw protocol), a parameter conflict will occur. Since the anchorage condition is a safety-related parameter, which is associated with the stability of the expander and the risk of postoperative complications, in accordance with the arbitration principle of "anchorage safety first", the judgment result of the anchorage condition will be given priority, and the final output will be "recommended micro-implant-assisted expansion (MARPE, four screws)" protocol. The reason for the conflict will be clearly marked in the result: "The bone expansion meets the requirements of the two-screw protocol, but the anchorage is insufficient. In order to reduce the risk of anchorage screw loosening and falling off, the protocol will be adjusted to four screws" to ensure the safety of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

[0052] S4: Output the maxillary expansion scheme and its corresponding judgment criteria, wherein the maxillary expansion scheme includes at least one of the following: fixed rapid expansion scheme, micro-implant assisted expansion scheme, and surgical assisted expansion scheme.

[0053] In addition, step S4 also includes: performing structured data interaction and node triggering in the order of data input, parameter processing, algorithm calculation, and result output; visually monitoring the progress of the entire diagnostic process; supporting encrypted caching and breakpoint continuation of the diagnostic process; and automatically redirecting to the manual auxiliary diagnostic interface when the algorithm calculation times out.

[0054] In this embodiment, step S4 specifically includes: After the data input is completed, the parameters entered by the doctor or imported by the device are transmitted to the parameter processing stage in a structured information format that includes the parameter name, original value and input method. After parameter processing, including encoding, scaling, and anomaly handling, a structured parameter set containing parameter names, standardized values, and processing status is generated and passed to the algorithm calculation stage. The algorithm calculation stage runs a hierarchical decision tree algorithm, which generates preliminary diagnostic results containing recommended solutions, judgment criteria, and risk levels based on the hierarchical decision tree logic, and then transmits them to the result output stage. Each step has clear triggering and termination conditions and status indicators. The triggering condition for parameter processing is that all required parameters pass the verification, and the termination indicator is that the structured parameter set is generated. The algorithm's calculation is triggered by the successful reception of the structured parameter set and terminated when the preliminary diagnostic results are generated. The entire diagnostic process is visually monitored through a progress bar, which displays the progress status of data loading, algorithm calculation, and result generation according to a preset ratio. It also has a diagnostic interruption handling mechanism, which supports caching and saving the current input parameters, standardized processing results and diagnostic progress in an encrypted format. When resuming the diagnosis, it can directly jump to the interruption node. If the algorithm times out, the system will automatically redirect to the manual diagnostic interface, which will display the processed parameter information and provide manual adjustment suggestions to ensure that the palatal midline assessment, arch expansion measurement, and anchorage assessment processes are not interrupted, and to achieve complete execution of the matching logic for various arch expansion schemes.

[0055] In this embodiment, the "risk level" is further explained as follows: In this invention, "risk level" is a structured evaluation index generated simultaneously by the hierarchical decision tree algorithm when completing parameter matching and outputting recommended arch expansion schemes. This index, together with the recommended scheme and judgment criteria, constitutes the preliminary diagnostic result, used to characterize the clinical safety and complication tendency of the scheme under the corresponding patient parameter combination. The specific classification of risk level comes from the decision branches matched by the hierarchical decision tree algorithm. Each branch corresponds to a specific set of parameter conditions (such as dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion requirement, anchorage status, tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio). The algorithm classifies the risk level into three levels: low, medium, and high based on the incidence and severity of adverse events in the retrospective analysis of clinical cases for that branch. Among them, "medium" risk is a clearly occurring example level, corresponding to situations that require regular monitoring or auxiliary intervention but usually do not lead to irreversible damage. Low risk corresponds to mild, self-limiting discomfort; high risk corresponds to situations with a significantly increased probability of serious complications or potentially irreversible complications. Once the risk level is output, it will serve as the structured basis for generating subsequent "risk warning content," providing doctors with prevention and control recommendations according to the standardized logic of "risk category, risk level, and targeted prevention and control suggestions."

[0056] Take a specific decision branch in the hierarchical decision tree algorithm as an example: Patient parameter combination: mixed dentition, bone expansion and tooth reduction type, sufficient anchorage of deciduous molars (≥2 on one side), bone expansion ≥8mm, age ≥9 years, tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio ≥1 / 2.

[0057] The algorithm's recommended approach is: micro-implant-assisted arch expansion (MARPE, four nails).

[0058] Risk level of synchronous output: medium risk.

[0059] Furthermore, the specific classification of this risk level is explained below: Low risk: For example, when the primary dentition or early mixed dentition stage is in progress, bone expansion is <3mm, anchorage is sufficient, and a slow expansion method is used, the algorithm outputs low risk, corresponding to short-term mild pain or mucosal irritation, with an incidence of <10%.

[0060] Medium risk: Taking the above-mentioned four-screw branch of MARPE as an example, the main risk is that the anchorage screws will loosen and fall out, with an incidence rate between 10% and 30%. In the early stage, it is necessary to have a check-up every 2 weeks and control the diet and maintain good oral hygiene.

[0061] High risk: For example, in adult patients, when the mid-palatal suture stage is >C, the bone expansion is ≥8mm and the anchorage is insufficient, the algorithm outputs high risk, corresponding to an expansion failure rate >30% or the need to switch to surgical-assisted expansion.

[0062] The risk levels mentioned above are automatically mapped and output by the hierarchical decision tree algorithm based on the clinical statistics of the corresponding branches, and are directly used to generate risk warning content in the diagnostic report (such as "Risk of anchorage nail loosening and falling off: moderate; Recommendation: follow up every 2 weeks during treatment"), thereby guiding the formulation of clinical risk notification and prevention and control measures.

[0063] In this embodiment, a preferred example includes the following: In specific implementation, the execution method of each process step is as follows: (1) Structured data interaction logic: After the data input is completed, all parameters entered by the doctor or imported by the device are transferred to the parameter processing stage in the form of a structured table of "parameter name-original value-input method". After the parameter processing stage completes the classification parameter coding, numerical parameter scaling, abnormal data interception and missing parameter completion, it generates a structured parameter set of "parameter name-standardized value-processing status" and transfers it to the algorithm calculation stage. After the algorithm calculation stage runs the hierarchical decision tree algorithm and completes parameter matching and scheme deduction, it transfers the preliminary diagnosis result of "recommended scheme-judgment basis-risk level" to the result output stage. Finally, the result output stage generates a standardized diagnosis report, realizing seamless connection and closed-loop data transfer of each process stage.

[0064] (2) Node triggering and termination conditions and progress monitoring: The parameter processing stage is triggered when "all required parameters in the data input stage have passed verification". At this time, the software interface will display the message "Parameter verification completed". The parameter processing stage ends when "all parameters have completed standardization processing and generated a structured parameter set". The background database will synchronously record the "processing completed" status as a credential for entering the next stage.

[0065] The algorithm calculation stage is triggered by "successfully receiving the structured parameter set transmitted from the parameter processing stage" and ends when "outputting a preliminary diagnostic result containing recommended solutions, judgment criteria, and risk warnings". During the algorithm calculation process, the software interface will display a "Diagnosis in progress" progress bar. The progress is divided into preset proportions of "data loading 20% ​​→ algorithm calculation 60% → result generation 20%", which displays the diagnostic progress in real time, allowing doctors to intuitively understand the current stage of the diagnosis and improve the clinical operation experience.

[0066] (3) Exception jump and interrupt handling mechanism: Handling Diagnostic Interruptions: If a doctor needs to temporarily interrupt the diagnostic process (e.g., the patient leaves temporarily, or other clinical tasks need to be handled), clicking the "Temporary Save" button on the software interface will automatically save all currently entered parameters, standardized parameter processing results, and current diagnostic progress in an encrypted format to the local cache. This cache file can only be read by the currently logged-in account, ensuring data security. When the doctor logs back into the software, clicking the "Continue Diagnosis" button will directly restore the workflow to the point of interruption, without needing to re-enter all parameters, thus improving diagnostic efficiency.

[0067] Algorithm calculation timeout redirection: If the algorithm calculation times out (the timeout threshold is set to exceed 30 seconds; the timeout may be due to excessive data volume, device lag, etc.), the software will automatically redirect to the "Manual Diagnosis Assistance Interface". The left side of this interface clearly displays a list of all parameters that have been processed, and the right side displays targeted manual adjustment suggestions, such as "Bone expansion 8.5mm, it is recommended to prioritize the MARPE scheme". This allows doctors to manually select an expansion scheme based on their clinical experience and provide explanations for the scheme selection, ensuring that the diagnostic process is not interrupted and guaranteeing the continuity of diagnosis and treatment.

[0068] After step S4, the process also includes: generating a standardized diagnostic report in a preset format that includes basic patient information, parameter summary, recommended arch expansion plan, judgment criteria, risk warnings, and clinical interpretation. This report clearly presents the three core diagnostic criteria: palatal midline assessment, arch expansion measurement, and anchorage assessment. It also generates a visual decision path diagram to show the complete decision-making process and supports report export for integration with external systems.

[0069] In this embodiment, step S4 specifically includes: The system generates a maxillary expansion diagnosis report in a fixed file format by default, which can be printed directly on paper or seamlessly integrated with the hospital's electronic medical record system to complete data synchronization and archiving. At the same time, the core diagnostic conclusions are displayed in a pop-up window on the operation interface in real time. After the pop-up window finishes displaying its duration, it automatically collapses and hides to avoid occupying the operation field of view and affecting normal clinical use. Simultaneously generate a visual decision-making path diagram. Based on the complete parameter judgment node logic, the entire process judgment conditions and screening links are connected by related arrows. It intuitively presents the complete deduction process of hierarchical decision-making, parameter comparison and scheme selection for palatal midline maturity judgment, bone / dental arch expansion measurement, anchorage condition assessment, which is convenient for clinical traceability and doctor-patient communication interpretation. The standardized diagnostic report adopts a unified format and text layout rules, and integrates the patient's basic information, a summary of all input parameters, the optimal arch retardation plan, the complete logical judgment basis, graded risk warnings, and professional interpretations adapted to clinical scenarios in sequence. It fully includes all key information from the initial parameter collection, standardization processing, algorithm judgment, and anchorage assessment. The risk warning content is compiled according to the standardized logic of risk category, risk level and targeted prevention and control suggestions. The clinical interpretation content combines different dentition development stages, palatal midline status, bone expansion needs and anchorage conditions to clarify the applicable scope and clinical application of each arch expansion plan.

[0070] In this embodiment, a preferred example includes: (1) In terms of overall output format, the system generates a PDF format maxillary expansion diagnosis report by default. The generated report can be printed directly or exported and uploaded to the hospital's electronic medical record system for unified archiving and storage. The software operation interface pops up a conclusion pop-up window, which displays the complete core diagnostic conclusion, such as: Recommended plan: micro-implant-assisted expansion (MARPE, four screws), risk level: moderate. The pop-up window is displayed for 10 seconds. After the preset time is reached, it automatically shrinks to the corner icon position of the interface without obscuring the operation interface, ensuring continuous clinical operation. At the same time, the system supports selective output of a PNG format visual decision path diagram. The path diagram connects the parameter judgment nodes with arrows, completely restoring the entire process judgment logic. The example link is: dentition stage = mixed dentition → bone expansion = 8.5mm → insufficient anchorage, clearly restoring the entire process of algorithm deduction, which is convenient for doctors to review and trace the source and to intuitively explain the basis for the selection of treatment plan to patients.

[0071] (2) Regarding the content and format of the diagnostic report, the diagnostic report is strictly compiled in accordance with the unified specifications. It consists of six core components arranged in order: The first part is the patient's basic information, which includes key information such as name, age, consultation ID, and dentition stage. It is formatted in bold, size 4, and centered. The second part is the input parameter summary table, which lists the original values, standardized values, and data acquisition methods of each parameter. The table uses a three-line grid style, and the main text uses Songti, size 4. The third part is the recommended arch expansion plan. The plan name is highlighted in bold, for example: Micro-implant assisted arch expansion (MARPE, four screws). A brief description of the plan is set below the plan name. The example content is: Two micro-implants are implanted in the palate to provide stable anchorage and achieve skeletal arch expansion. The fourth part is... The treatment plan is based on a point-by-point approach, outlining key parameters and algorithmic logic. For example: 1. Bone expansion ≥ 8mm (8.5mm), requiring skeletal expansion; 2. Insufficient anchorage, therefore a four-screw approach is chosen to enhance stability. The fifth part contains risk warnings, written strictly according to the fixed format of risk type - risk level - avoidance advice. An example is: Risk of anchorage screw loosening and falling out: moderate; Recommendation: Follow up every two weeks during treatment, avoid eating hard foods, and maintain oral hygiene. The sixth part is clinical interpretation, explaining the applicable scenarios and long-term efficacy of the plan in conjunction with the patient's dentition characteristics, expansion needs, and anchorage conditions. An example is: This plan is suitable for patients with mixed dentition, a large need for skeletal expansion, and average anchorage conditions. Clinical data shows that the relapse rate of this plan is less than 15%, which is 8% lower than the traditional RPE plan.

[0072] (3) Regarding the overall unified and standardized layout, the title of the diagnostic report is uniformly in bold, size 4 font, and the body text is all in Song font, size 4 font. The line spacing is set to 1.5 times. Each page of each report is uniformly marked with a unique report number, with the example number being: DK-20240501-001. Through standardized and unified layout rules, the output report is guaranteed to be in a regular format, professional in content, and standardized, meeting the multiple needs of clinical archiving, diagnosis and treatment reference, and doctor-patient communication.

[0073] Second Embodiment like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a decision-making system for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and expander selection for performing the decision-making method for maxillary arch expansion diagnosis and expander selection as described above, including: The data acquisition module is used to acquire and verify multiple mandatory parameters, including dentition stage, patient age, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular teeth, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular bones, bone expansion or tooth expansion requirements, and palatal midline stage, to achieve palatal midline maturity assessment and accurate calculation of bone / tooth expansion amount. Anchorage determination module is used to perform anchorage determination according to dentition type to obtain anchorage status, and to encode the dentition stage and the anchorage status, and to standardize the expansion amount requirement to generate a structured parameter set; The hierarchical decision module is used to input the structured parameter set into a preset hierarchical decision tree algorithm, and use whether the bone expansion or tooth expansion demand reaches a preset start threshold as the initial judgment condition. The decision branches are matched layer by layer according to the preset priority order of dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion or tooth expansion demand, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. When there are multiple conflicting candidate solutions, arbitration is performed according to the anchorage safety priority rule, and the corresponding maxillary arch expansion solution is output. The result output module is used to output the maxillary expansion scheme and its corresponding judgment criteria, wherein the maxillary expansion scheme includes at least one of the following: fixed rapid expansion scheme, micro-implant assisted expansion scheme, and surgical assisted expansion scheme.

[0074] A computer-readable storage medium stores computer code that, when executed, performs the methods described above. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, etc.

[0075] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0076] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0077] It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for diagnosing maxillary expander and making decisions on expander selection, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Acquire and verify multiple essential parameters, including dentition stage, patient age, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular teeth, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular bones, bone expansion or tooth expansion requirements, and palatal midline stage, to achieve palatal midline maturity assessment and accurate calculation of bone / tooth expansion amount. S2: Perform anchorage determination based on dentition type to obtain anchorage status, encode the dentition stage and the anchorage status, standardize the expansion amount requirement, and generate a structured parameter set; S3: Input the structured parameter set into the preset hierarchical decision tree algorithm, take whether the bone expansion or tooth expansion demand reaches the preset start threshold as the initial judgment condition, and match the decision branches layer by layer according to the preset priority order of dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion or tooth expansion demand, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. When there are multiple candidate schemes in conflict, arbitration is carried out according to the anchorage safety priority rule, and the corresponding maxillary arch expansion scheme is output. S4: Output the maxillary expansion scheme and its corresponding judgment criteria, wherein the maxillary expansion scheme includes at least one of the following: fixed rapid expansion scheme, micro-implant assisted expansion scheme, and surgical assisted expansion scheme.

2. The method for diagnosing maxillary retractor and selecting retractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, several mandatory parameters are acquired and verified, including dentition stage, patient age, transverse width of mandibular and maxillary teeth, transverse width of mandibular and maxillary skeletal structure, bone expansion or tooth expansion requirements, and palatal midline staging. Specifically: The dentition stage is a preset fixed classification option, including primary dentition, mixed dentition, adolescent permanent dentition, and adult. It is entered by selecting the preset option. The system forces the verification that the parameter is not empty. If no selection is made, a prompt will be triggered and subsequent steps will be prohibited. The patient's age was automatically calculated from their date of birth and verified to be within a clinically reasonable age range; The transverse width of the maxillary and mandibular teeth is preferably obtained automatically by importing data from an oral 3D scanning device, or by automatically measuring or manually inputting data from an oral scanning model file. The transverse width of the maxilla and mandible is preferably obtained automatically by importing data from a CBCT device, or by automatically measuring or manually inputting data from CBCT image files; The bone expansion requirements are imported through a three-dimensional oral scanning device or manually measured and input, and verified to be within a preset clinically reasonable range. If the range is exceeded, a prompt is triggered and abnormal data is blocked. The mid-palatal suture staging is marked by doctors based on CBCT images. At the same time, image recognition technology is used to extract the gray value and ossification features of the mid-palatal suture for consistency verification, so as to achieve an objective judgment of the maturity of the mid-palatal suture. When the marking results are inconsistent with the image analysis results, they need to be manually reviewed and confirmed before proceeding to the next step. After the collection of the multiple parameters is completed, they serve as the input basis for the hierarchical decision tree algorithm. Based on the skeletal expansion initiation threshold, the algorithm matches the preset decision branches corresponding to the dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion requirements, and anchorage status, providing data support for subsequent expansion scheme matching.

3. The method for diagnosing maxillary retractor and selecting retractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, an anchorage determination is performed based on the dentition type to obtain the anchorage status, specifically as follows: The anchorage determination includes at least the anchorage determination during the mixed dentition stage and the anchorage determination during the young permanent dentition stage. The anchorage determination is performed according to the dentition type to complete the objective assessment of the anchorage conditions at different dentition stages. The anchorage assessment during the mixed dentition period is based on the number and stability of primary molars on one side and the eruption status of the first permanent molar. When the preset number of stable primary molars on one side and the first permanent molar is fully erupted, the anchorage is considered sufficient. When the conditions for the presence of a deciduous molar are not met on one side, or the mobility of the deciduous molar exceeds a preset threshold, or the degree of root resorption of the deciduous molar exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined to be insufficient anchorage. The stability of the deciduous molar is determined by combining the mobility observed in clinical examination and the degree of root resorption observed in radiographic examination. The anchorage assessment for young permanent dentition is based on the eruption status and root development of the permanent premolar on one side. When a fully erupted permanent premolar on one side meets the preset standard for root development, the anchorage is considered sufficient. When there is no fully erupted permanent premolar on one side that can be used for anchorage, or when the root development of the permanent premolar does not meet the preset standard, the anchorage is considered insufficient.

4. The method for diagnosing maxillary retractor and selecting retractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the dental arch stage and the anchorage status are encoded, and the expansion amount requirement is standardized to generate a structured parameter set, specifically: The system performs background encoding conversion on classification parameters, including dentition stage and anchorage status; it performs uniform range scaling on numerical parameters, including bone expansion requirements, to adapt to the algorithm's calculation dimension; and it intercepts and marks outlier values ​​and performs default completion on missing parameters. For the classification parameters, including dentition stage and anchorage, a unified code is assigned to the backend according to the preset coding rules for node identification and logical branch matching in the hierarchical decision tree model. The coding results are not displayed to the doctor's front-end interface, and the interface always maintains the original clinical terminology display to ensure the compatibility between algorithm calculation and clinical cognition. For the numerical parameters, including bone expansion requirements, they are uniformly scaled to a preset calculation range through a preset linear mapping rule to eliminate the dimensional differences between different parameters, so that they and the encoding results of the classification parameters participate in the hierarchical decision tree algorithm operation under the same calculation dimension. Abnormal values ​​that exceed the preset clinical reasonable range are automatically identified, marked and intercepted, while abnormal data and operation information are recorded in the background log for easy traceability and review; For optional parameters that have not been entered, automatic completion is performed, and the nature of the completed parameter is clearly marked in the final diagnostic report to avoid misleading clinical judgment; The standardized parameter set will be passed to the core algorithm module as a structured input, providing a unified calculation basis for palatal midline assessment, arch expansion measurement, and arch expansion scheme matching corresponding to anchorage condition judgment.

5. The method for diagnosing maxillary retractor and selecting retractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the structured parameter set is input into a preset hierarchical decision tree algorithm. The initial judgment condition is whether the bone or tooth expansion requirement reaches a preset activation threshold. Decision branches are matched layer by layer according to a preset priority order: dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone or tooth expansion requirement, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. When multiple candidate solutions conflict, arbitration is performed according to the anchorage safety priority rule, and the corresponding maxillary expansion plan is output. Specifically: The decision to perform bony expansion is triggered when the bone expansion demand reaches a preset threshold. If the bone expansion demand is below this threshold, it is determined that bony expansion is not required. When the triggering conditions are met, the parameters are judged layer by layer according to the preset priority order. The priority is determined based on the retrospective analysis of clinical cases, and the priority is as follows: dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion requirement, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. The hierarchical decision tree algorithm is constructed based on a preset multi-branch logic. It takes the dentition stage as the first-level branch node and divides it into primary dentition, mixed dentition, adolescent permanent dentition and adult nodes in sequence. Each node is further divided into secondary judgment nodes for palatal suture stage, bone expansion requirement, anchorage status and tooth shrinkage / bone expansion ratio. It simultaneously integrates three core judgment dimensions: palatal suture maturity, bone / tooth expansion amount and anchorage condition. By matching parameter values ​​at each level, it achieves accurate matching of expansion schemes for different dentition stages, palatal suture status, bone or tooth expansion requirements and anchorage conditions. When there is a conflict between the expansion schemes corresponding to different parameters, the conflict arbitration rule of prioritizing anchorage safety is executed. The expansion scheme is adjusted according to the judgment result corresponding to the anchorage situation, and the reason for the conflict and the basis for adjustment are marked in the output result. Finally, a unique expansion scheme is output, including fixed rapid expansion, micro-implant-assisted expansion, or surgical-assisted expansion.

6. The method for diagnosing maxillary retractor and selecting retractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 also includes: performing structured data interaction and node triggering in the order of data input, parameter processing, algorithm calculation, and result output; visually monitoring the progress of the entire diagnostic process; supporting encrypted caching and breakpoint resumption of the diagnostic process; and automatically redirecting to the manual auxiliary diagnostic interface when the algorithm calculation times out. Specifically: After the data input is completed, the parameters entered by the doctor or imported by the device are transmitted to the parameter processing stage in a structured information format that includes the parameter name, original value and input method. After parameter processing, including encoding, scaling, and anomaly handling, a structured parameter set containing parameter names, standardized values, and processing status is generated and passed to the algorithm calculation stage. The algorithm calculation stage runs a hierarchical decision tree algorithm, which generates preliminary diagnostic results containing recommended solutions, judgment criteria, and risk levels based on the hierarchical decision tree logic, and then transmits them to the result output stage. Each step has clear triggering and termination conditions and status indicators. The triggering condition for parameter processing is that all required parameters pass the verification, and the termination indicator is that the structured parameter set is generated. The algorithm's calculation is triggered by the successful reception of the structured parameter set and terminated when the preliminary diagnostic results are generated. The entire diagnostic process is visually monitored through a progress bar, which displays the progress status of data loading, algorithm calculation, and result generation according to a preset ratio. It also has a diagnostic interruption handling mechanism, which supports caching and saving the current input parameters, standardized processing results and diagnostic progress in an encrypted format. When resuming the diagnosis, it can directly jump to the interruption node. If the algorithm times out, the system will automatically redirect to the manual diagnostic interface, which will display the processed parameter information and provide manual adjustment suggestions to ensure that the palatal midline assessment, arch expansion measurement, and anchorage assessment processes are not interrupted, and to achieve complete execution of the matching logic for various arch expansion schemes.

7. The method for diagnosing maxillary retractor and selecting retractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Following step S4, the process further includes: generating a standardized diagnostic report in a preset format, containing basic patient information, parameter summaries, recommended arch retardation protocols, judgment criteria, risk warnings, and clinical interpretation; simultaneously generating a visual decision path diagram to illustrate the complete decision-making process; and supporting report export for integration with external systems. Specifically: The system generates a maxillary expansion diagnosis report in a fixed file format by default, which can be printed directly on paper or seamlessly integrated with the hospital's electronic medical record system to complete data synchronization and archiving. At the same time, the core diagnostic conclusions are displayed in a pop-up window on the operation interface in real time. After the pop-up window finishes displaying its duration, it automatically collapses and hides to avoid occupying the operation field of view and affecting normal clinical use. Simultaneously generate a visual decision-making path diagram. Based on the complete parameter judgment node logic, the entire process judgment conditions and screening links are connected by related arrows. It intuitively presents the complete deduction process of hierarchical decision-making, parameter comparison and scheme selection for palatal midline maturity judgment, bone / dental arch expansion measurement, anchorage condition assessment, which is convenient for clinical traceability and doctor-patient communication interpretation. The standardized diagnostic report adopts a unified format and text layout rules, and integrates the patient's basic information, a summary of all input parameters, the optimal arch retardation plan, the complete logical judgment basis, graded risk warnings, and professional interpretations adapted to clinical scenarios in sequence. It fully includes all key information from the initial parameter collection, standardization processing, algorithm judgment, and anchorage assessment. The risk warning content is compiled according to the standardized logic of risk category, risk level and targeted prevention and control suggestions. The clinical interpretation content combines different dentition development stages, palatal midline status, bone expansion needs and anchorage conditions to clarify the applicable scope and clinical application of each arch expansion plan.

8. A decision-making system for maxillary expansion diagnosis and expander selection for performing the decision-making method for maxillary expansion diagnosis and expander selection as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire and verify multiple mandatory parameters, including dentition stage, patient age, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular teeth, transverse width of maxillary and mandibular bones, bone expansion or tooth expansion requirements, and palatal midline stage, to achieve palatal midline maturity assessment and accurate calculation of bone / tooth expansion amount. Anchorage determination module is used to perform anchorage determination according to dentition type to obtain anchorage status, and to encode the dentition stage and the anchorage status, and to standardize the expansion amount requirement to generate a structured parameter set; The hierarchical decision module is used to input the structured parameter set into a preset hierarchical decision tree algorithm, and use whether the bone expansion or tooth expansion demand reaches a preset start threshold as the initial judgment condition. The decision branches are matched layer by layer according to the preset priority order of dentition stage, palatal midline stage, bone expansion or tooth expansion demand, anchorage status, and tooth reduction / bone expansion ratio. When there are multiple conflicting candidate solutions, arbitration is performed according to the anchorage safety priority rule, and the corresponding maxillary arch expansion solution is output. The result output module is used to output the maxillary expansion scheme and its corresponding judgment criteria, wherein the maxillary expansion scheme includes at least one of the following: fixed rapid expansion scheme, micro-implant assisted expansion scheme, and surgical assisted expansion scheme.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, The device includes a memory and one or more processors, wherein the memory stores computer code that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer code, and when the computer code is executed, the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is performed.

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