High light transmittance water surface photovoltaic float

Abstract

This invention discloses a high light transmittance photovoltaic floating body, comprising a floating body body and a light guide plate. The floating body body has an inverted frustum-shaped structure or a hollow structure. When the floating body body has an inverted frustum-shaped structure, an outer light guide plate is used, which completely covers the outer wall of the floating body body. When the floating body body has a hollow structure, the diameter of the vertically penetrating opening of the floating body body gradually increases from top to bottom, and an inner light guide plate is used, which completely covers the inner wall of the opening of the floating body body. This invention uses a vertically mounted light guide plate to achieve optical reflection, thereby collecting direct and diffused solar light and guiding it to the water body below the photovoltaic floating body, increasing the solar transmittance of the water body below, and ensuring the ecosystem and ecological balance of the water body itself.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water surface photovoltaic engineering technology, specifically a high light conductivity water surface photovoltaic floating body. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale construction of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems, available and suitable ground space is becoming increasingly scarce. Therefore, PV industry practitioners are turning to the construction of floating PV power stations on open water surfaces. For example, in natural lakes, artificial lakes, artificial reservoirs, and abandoned mining lakes, a floating platform consisting of numerous interconnected floating modules is set up, and the PV power generation system is installed on this platform. However, large-scale floating platforms significantly reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the water's surface, thus disrupting the aquatic ecosystem and ecological balance to some extent. The floating modules used are generally opaque, hollow HDPE buoyancy devices. Although engineers consider the amount of sunlight reaching the water when designing horizontal floating power stations and try to incorporate perforated floats and openwork connection methods and layouts, a floating PV power station still requires a large number of additional floating modules to increase buoyancy and provide walking paths for operation and maintenance. The biggest technical obstacle faced by existing technologies is their poor ability to capture oblique and diffused light through their light-receiving windows. This is because the surface of existing floating bodies is made of common industrial floating materials, lacking both good reflectivity and optical structures capable of capturing diffuse and oblique light. Furthermore, they lack the conditions to guide light through the depth of the floating body. Therefore, despite the central through-hole structure and perforated gaps in existing floating body modules, relatively little sunlight actually passes through; generally, only vertically incident light can pass. In practical applications, the angle of direct light is variable, and the angle of diffused light is even more complex. The considerable depth of the floating body blocks much of the light. On the other hand, in photovoltaic power plant applications, the optimization of the orientation and layout design of photovoltaic modules aims to maximize the reception of direct sunlight while minimizing the footprint. Therefore, the proportion of direct sunlight reaching the bottom of the power plant is relatively small, making it crucial to improve the ability to capture diffused light—another technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high light transmittance photovoltaic floating body on the water surface. It uses a light guide plate set on the vertical surface to achieve optical reflection, thereby collecting direct sunlight and diffuse sunlight, and guiding them into the water body below the photovoltaic floating body, thereby increasing the amount of sunlight transmitted to the water body below, and ensuring the ecosystem and ecological balance of the water body itself.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0005] A high light conductivity photovoltaic floating body for water surface includes a floating body body and a light guide plate. The floating body body is an inverted frustum-shaped structure or a hollow structure.

[0006] When the float body is an inverted frustum-shaped structure, the light guide plate is an outer light guide plate, which completely covers the outer wall of the float body.

[0007] When the float body is a hollow structure, the diameter of the opening that runs through the top and bottom of the float body gradually increases from top to bottom. The light guide plate is an inner light guide plate, which completely covers the inner wall of the opening of the float body.

[0008] Both the outer and inner light guide plates are double-layered high-transmittance plates. The inner layer, i.e., the backwater surface layer, which is tightly connected to the float body, has a refractive index of [missing information]. The refractive index of the backwater layer Less than the refractive index of water;

[0009] The outer wall of the outer light guide plate and the inner wall of the inner light guide plate both have a taper. , Satisfy the following equation (1):

[0010] (1);

[0011] In equation (1), Represents the refractive index of water. Represents the refractive index of air;

[0012] The difference in horizontal distance between the top and bottom of the outer wall of the outer light guide plate and the difference in inner radius between the top and bottom of the inner light guide plate are both... , Satisfy the following equation (2):

[0013] (2);

[0014] In equation (2), This represents the horizontal distance between the outer wall of the top of the outer light guide plate and the adjacent light blocker, or the inner diameter of the top of the inner light guide plate. This represents the maximum angle of incidence of light as it travels from air into a body of water.

[0015] The float body can be an inflatable float, a high-density polyethylene float box, or a polystyrene foam float.

[0016] The backwater surface layer is an inflatable cavity layer, comprising a high-transmittance annular airbag and air filling the high-transmittance annular airbag; the outer layer of the double-layer high-transmittance plate, i.e., the water-facing surface layer, has a refractive index greater than that of the backwater surface layer. High light transmittance panel.

[0017] The upper part of the float body is an inverted frustum-shaped structure, and the lower part is a columnar structure. The shape and size of the bottom surface of the upper part and the top surface of the lower part of the float body are completely consistent. The outer light guide plate is composed of an upper outer light guide plate and a lower outer light guide plate. The thickness of the double-layer structure of the upper and lower outer light guide plates is the same. The upper outer light guide plate completely covers the outer wall of the upper part of the float body, and the lower outer light guide plate completely covers the outer wall of the lower part of the float body.

[0018] When the float body has a hollow structure, the diameter of the upper part of the opening of the float body gradually increases from top to bottom, and the lower part of the opening of the float body has a constant diameter structure. The diameter of the bottom of the upper part of the opening of the float body is equal to the diameter of the top of the lower part. The inner light guide plate is composed of an upper inner light guide plate and a lower inner light guide plate. The thickness of the double-layer structure of the upper inner light guide plate and the lower inner light guide plate is the same. The upper inner light guide plate completely covers the inner wall of the upper part of the opening of the float body, and the lower inner light guide plate completely covers the inner wall of the lower part of the opening of the float body.

[0019] When the float body has a hollow structure, its outer wall is an inverted conical surface, and the outer wall of the float body is completely covered with an outer light guide plate.

[0020] When the float body is an inverted frustum-shaped structure or when the outer wall of the float body with a hollow structure is an inverted cone-shaped surface, the cross-section of the float body or the cross-section of the outer ring is circular, rectangular or polygonal.

[0021] The floating body has multiple vertically penetrating openings, and the inner wall of each opening is completely covered with an inner light guide plate.

[0022] When the floating body is a hollow structure, the photovoltaic platform is also a hollow structure. The photovoltaic platform completely covers the top surface of the floating body, and the openings are aligned vertically and are interconnected. The diameter of the bottom of the opening of the photovoltaic platform is equal to the diameter of the top of the opening of the floating body.

[0023] The high light-guiding photovoltaic floating body consists of multiple units, arranged in a matrix. This represents the horizontal distance between the top outer wall of the outer light guide plate of one of the high light conductivity water surface photovoltaic floats and the top outer wall of the outer light guide plate of the adjacent high light conductivity water surface photovoltaic float.

[0024] Advantages of this invention:

[0025] (1) This invention utilizes the optical principle of internal total internal reflection, and achieves optical reflection by using a double-layer high-transmittance plate. It also uses an airtight air cavity as the backwater surface layer. This structure is easy to implement industrially and is also cheap and reliable. Compared with existing mirror-coated aluminum film, silver-coated film and reflective film with multi-layer dielectric system, this invention does not have the problem of film oxidation and corrosion in the high humidity environment of the water surface, and is suitable for long-term use.

[0026] (2) This invention utilizes the refractive index of water, the birefringent medium interface characteristics of the water surface, and the vertical tilt angle design of the light guide plate to maximize the light capture and reception angle above the water surface, achieving a maximum of 2 A spherical light-receiving cone.

[0027] (3) The outer light guide plate of the present invention is set on the outer wall of the float body, making full use of the distance between the float and the adjacent light blocking body for efficient light capture. When the radius difference If the requirements are met, efficient light guiding can be achieved. The light-catching performance is not limited by the depth of the float body. Therefore, the design of the float and the float system can be redesigned. By increasing the spacing between the floats and increasing the depth of the floats (the depth of immersion in the water), the same buoyancy can be maintained, thereby achieving a larger area of ​​supplementary lighting. This method of increasing light transmission does not increase the material cost of the float, nor does it require increasing the usable area of ​​the water surface.

[0028] (4) The inner light guide plate of the present invention uses the opening in the inner circle of the float body to capture light. When the float body is placed in water, water enters the inner circle of the float body, which can improve the stability of the float to a certain extent. The light-collecting aperture (inner diameter) of the inner light guide plate can be optimized according to the specific use position of the float body so as to achieve the maximum light capture amount without affecting the normal use and operation and maintenance of the float body system.

[0029] (5) The outer light guide plate and the inner light guide plate of the present invention are divided into two parts, namely the upper variable diameter part and the lower constant diameter part. The upper variable diameter part realizes the maximum capture of light, and the lower constant diameter part effectively expands the volume of the float, avoiding the problem that the variable diameter part causes the float to be small and affects the stability of the float. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional optical path schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic platform installed on a water surface photovoltaic float according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the matrix arrangement of the water surface photovoltaic floating bodies in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals: 1-Floating body, 2-Upper outer light guide plate, 3-Lower outer light guide plate, 4-Upper inner light guide plate, 5-Lower inner light guide plate, 6-Water body, 7-First light beam, 8-Second light beam, 9-Third light beam, 10-Fourth light beam, 11-Fifth light beam, 12-Photovoltaic platform. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] See Figure 1 A high light transmittance photovoltaic floating body for water surfaces includes a floating body body 1 and an outer light guide plate. The floating body body 1 is made of an inflatable floating body, a high-density polyethylene floating box, or a polystyrene foam floating body. The upper part of the floating body body 1 has an inverted rectangular pyramidal structure, and the lower part has a rectangular columnar structure. The shape and size of the bottom surface of the upper part and the top surface of the lower part of the floating body body 1 are completely consistent. The outer light guide plate is composed of an upper outer light guide plate 2 and a lower outer light guide plate 3. Both the upper outer light guide plate 2 and the lower outer light guide plate 3 are double-layered high light transmittance plates with double-layered structures. The thickness of the structure is consistent. The upper outer light guide plate 2 completely covers the outer wall of the upper part of the float body 1, and the lower outer light guide plate 3 completely covers the outer wall of the lower part of the float body 1. The inner layer of the double-layer high light transmittance plate, which is tightly connected to the float body 1, is the backwater surface layer, which is an air-filled cavity layer. It includes a high light transmittance hollow rectangular tube and air filled inside the high light transmittance hollow rectangular tube. The outer layer of the double-layer high light transmittance plate, which is the water-facing surface layer, is a high light transmittance plate with a refractive index greater than that of the backwater surface layer. Weather-resistant PC board or PMMA board can be selected.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] See Figure 2A high light transmittance photovoltaic floating body includes a floating body body 1 and an inner light guide plate. The floating body body 1 has a hollow structure, that is, an opening is provided on the floating body body 1. The diameter of the upper part of the opening gradually increases from top to bottom, and the lower part of the opening of the floating body body 1 has a constant diameter structure. The diameter of the bottom of the upper part of the opening of the floating body body 1 is equal to the diameter of the top of the lower part. The inner light guide plate is composed of an upper inner light guide plate 4 and a lower inner light guide plate 5. Both the upper inner light guide plate 4 and the lower inner light guide plate 5 are double-layer high light transmittance plates. The thickness of both layers is the same. The upper inner light guide plate 4 completely covers the inner wall of the upper opening of the float body 1, and the lower inner light guide plate 5 completely covers the inner wall of the lower opening of the float body 1. The inner layer of the double-layer high light transmittance plate, which is tightly connected to the float body 1, is the backwater surface layer, which is an air-filled cavity layer. It includes a high light transmittance annular airbag and air filled inside the high light transmittance annular airbag. The outer layer of the double-layer high light transmittance plate, which is the water-facing surface layer, is a high light transmittance plate with a refractive index greater than that of the backwater surface layer.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] See Figure 3 A high light transmittance photovoltaic floating body includes a floating body body 1, an outer light guide plate, and an inner light guide plate. The floating body body 1 has a hollow structure, with the upper part of the floating body body 1 having an inverted rectangular truncated pyramidal structure and the lower part having a rectangular columnar structure. An opening is provided on the floating body body 1, with the diameter of the upper opening gradually increasing from top to bottom, and the lower opening of the floating body body 1 having a constant diameter structure. Both the outer light guide plate and the inner light guide plate are double-layered high light transmittance plates. The outer light guide plate is composed of an upper outer light guide plate 2 and a lower outer light guide plate 3, and the inner light guide plate is composed of an upper inner light guide plate 4 and a lower inner light guide plate 5. The upper outer light guide plate 2 completely covers the outer wall of the upper part of the floating body body 1, the lower outer light guide plate 3 completely covers the outer wall of the lower part of the floating body body 1, the upper inner light guide plate 4 completely covers the inner wall of the upper opening of the floating body body 1, and the lower inner light guide plate 5 completely covers the inner wall of the lower opening of the floating body body 1.

[0044] See Figures 1-3 The refractive index of the back water surface layer of the double-layer high light transmittance panel is... The refractive index of the backwater layer Less than the refractive index of water;

[0045] The outer wall of the upper outer light guide plate 2 and the inner wall of the upper inner light guide plate 4 both have a taper. , Satisfy the following equation (1):

[0046] (1);

[0047] In equation (1), Represents the refractive index of water. ; Represents the refractive index of air. ;

[0048] Because the backwater surface layer is an air-filled structure, The refractive index of air is equal to 1, that is... According to calculations, Integer up .

[0049] The difference in horizontal distance between the top and bottom of the outer wall of the upper outer light guide plate 2 and the difference in inner radius between the top and bottom of the upper inner light guide plate 4 are both , Satisfy the following equation (2):

[0050] (2);

[0051] In equation (2), This represents the horizontal distance between the top outer wall of the upper outer light guide plate 2 and the adjacent light blocker, or the inner diameter of the top of the upper inner light guide plate 4. This represents the maximum angle of incidence of light rays from air into the water body 6, calculated as follows. ;

[0052] Considering the swaying nature of the surface photovoltaic float and the potential dimensional deviations that may occur in various stages, Set to 30°, set Calculated according to equation (2) Round up .

[0053] In summary, the inner diameters of the four smaller diameter ends of the upper inner light guide plate The inner diameter of the larger diameter end is 100mm + 33mm × 2 = 166mm. The taper of the inner wall of the upper inner light guide plate 4 is... ; The horizontal distance between the top outer wall of the upper outer light guide plate 2 and the adjacent light blocker The difference in horizontal distance between the top and bottom of the outer wall of the upper outer light guide plate 2 Taper of the outer wall of the upper outer light guide plate 2 .

[0054] See Figure 4 Five beams of light with different incident angles are injected into the top edge (i.e., the circumference) of the inner light guide plate to demonstrate the boundary range of the light-receiving cone of the light guide module. Among them:

[0055] The first ray 7 enters along the horizontal plane and is refracted at a critical angle into the double-layered high-transmittance plate composed of the backwater and frontwater surfaces. At the junction of the backwater and frontwater surfaces, total internal reflection (TIR) ​​occurs due to the incident angle exceeding the critical angle. Finally, it refracts away from the inner light guide plate and successfully enters the water body 6 below. The second, third, fourth, and fifth rays 8, 9, 10, and 11 all reach the junction of the backwater and frontwater surfaces with incident angles exceeding the critical angle, where total internal reflection (TIR) ​​occurs. They are then refracted away from the inner light guide plate and enter the water body 6 below. Rays with incident angles less than that of the fifth ray 11 can directly pass through the central water area of ​​the inner ring of the inner light guide plate to reach the water body 6 below. Since the inner light guide plate has an axially symmetrical structure, the above optical path analysis proves that the solid angle of the incident light cone in this design reaches 2. Sphericity, or the range of light received by a hemisphere, covers the entire range of diffuse light.

[0056] See Figure 5 When the floating body 1 is a hollow structure, the photovoltaic platform 12 is also a hollow structure. The photovoltaic platform 12 completely covers the top surface of the floating body 1 and the openings are aligned vertically and are connected. The diameter of the bottom of the opening of the photovoltaic platform 12 is equal to the diameter of the top of the opening of the floating body 1.

[0057] See Figure 6 When there are multiple high light-conductivity water surface photovoltaic floats, the multiple high light-conductivity water surface photovoltaic floats are arranged in a matrix, and in equation (2) The horizontal distance between the top outer wall of the outer light guide plate 2 of one of the high light conductivity water surface photovoltaic floats and the top outer wall of the outer light guide plate 2 of the adjacent high light conductivity water surface photovoltaic float.

[0058] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high light transmittance photovoltaic water surface float, characterized in that: It includes a floating body and a light guide plate. The floating body has an inverted frustum-shaped structure or a hollow structure. When the float body is an inverted frustum-shaped structure, the light guide plate is an outer light guide plate, which completely covers the outer wall of the float body. When the float body is a hollow structure, the diameter of the opening that runs through the top and bottom of the float body gradually increases from top to bottom. The light guide plate is an inner light guide plate, which completely covers the inner wall of the opening of the float body. The outer light guide plate and the inner light guide plate are both double-layer high-transmittance plates, and the inner layer, i.e. the backwater surface layer, which is tightly connected with the body of the float, has a refractive index of , and the refractive index of the backwater surface layer is less than the refractive index of water. The outer wall of the outer light guide plate and the inner wall of the inner light guide plate both have a taper. , Satisfy the following equation (1): （1）； In equation (1), Represents the refractive index of water. Represents the refractive index of air; The difference in horizontal distance between the top and bottom of the outer wall of the outer light guide plate and the difference in inner radius between the top and bottom of the inner light guide plate are both... , Satisfy the following equation (2): （2）； In equation (2), This represents the horizontal distance between the outer wall of the top of the outer light guide plate and the adjacent light blocker, or the inner diameter of the top of the inner light guide plate. This represents the maximum angle of incidence of light as it travels from air into a body of water.

2. The high light conductivity photovoltaic floating body on the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The float body can be an inflatable float, a high-density polyethylene float box, or a polystyrene foam float.

3. The high light conductivity photovoltaic floating body on the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backwater surface layer is an inflatable cavity layer, comprising a high-transmittance annular airbag and air filling the high-transmittance annular airbag; the outer layer of the double-layer high-transmittance plate, i.e., the water-facing surface layer, has a refractive index greater than that of the backwater surface layer. High light transmittance panel.

4. A high light conductivity photovoltaic floating body for water surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the float body is an inverted frustum-shaped structure, and the lower part is a columnar structure. The shape and size of the bottom surface of the upper part and the top surface of the lower part of the float body are completely consistent. The outer light guide plate is composed of an upper outer light guide plate and a lower outer light guide plate. The thickness of the double-layer structure of the upper and lower outer light guide plates is the same. The upper outer light guide plate completely covers the outer wall of the upper part of the float body, and the lower outer light guide plate completely covers the outer wall of the lower part of the float body.

5. A high light conductivity photovoltaic floating body for water surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the float body has a hollow structure, the diameter of the upper part of the opening of the float body gradually increases from top to bottom, and the lower part of the opening of the float body has a constant diameter structure. The diameter of the bottom of the upper part of the opening of the float body is equal to the diameter of the top of the lower part. The inner light guide plate is composed of an upper inner light guide plate and a lower inner light guide plate. The thickness of the double-layer structure of the upper inner light guide plate and the lower inner light guide plate is the same. The upper inner light guide plate completely covers the inner wall of the upper part of the opening of the float body, and the lower inner light guide plate completely covers the inner wall of the lower part of the opening of the float body.

6. A high light conductivity photovoltaic floating body for water surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the float body has a hollow structure, its outer wall is an inverted conical surface, and the outer wall of the float body is completely covered with an outer light guide plate.

7. A high light conductivity photovoltaic floating body for water surfaces according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the float body is an inverted frustum-shaped structure or when the outer wall of the float body with a hollow structure is an inverted cone-shaped surface, the cross-section of the float body or the cross-section of the outer ring is circular, rectangular or polygonal.

8. A high light conductivity photovoltaic floating body for water surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating body has multiple vertically penetrating openings, and the inner wall of each opening is completely covered with an inner light guide plate.

9. A high light conductivity photovoltaic floating body for water surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the floating body is a hollow structure, the photovoltaic platform is also a hollow structure. The photovoltaic platform completely covers the top surface of the floating body, and the openings are aligned vertically and are interconnected. The diameter of the bottom of the opening of the photovoltaic platform is equal to the diameter of the top of the opening of the floating body.

10. A high light conductivity photovoltaic floating body for water surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high light-guiding photovoltaic floating body consists of multiple units, arranged in a matrix. This represents the horizontal distance between the top outer wall of the outer light guide plate of one of the high light conductivity water surface photovoltaic floats and the top outer wall of the outer light guide plate of the adjacent high light conductivity water surface photovoltaic float.

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