Hydraulic adjustment of impact crusher and method of adjustment

Abstract

This invention relates to a hydraulically adjustable impact crusher and its adjustment method. The impact crusher includes a frame, an impact plate, an impact plate adjusting rod, a hydraulic adjusting device, a hydraulic system, and a PLC intelligent control unit. The impact plate is installed inside the frame, and its back is connected to the hydraulic adjusting device via the impact plate adjusting rod. The hydraulic adjusting device includes a thrust plate, a spring, a guide rod, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and a displacement sensor. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the thrust plate. One end of the guide rod is fixed to the back plate of the frame, and the other end passes through the thrust plate. A spring is fitted onto the guide rod, located between the thrust plate and the end of the guide rod. The displacement sensor detects the relative displacement between the thrust plate and the back plate of the frame in real time and outputs a displacement signal. The displacement sensor and the crusher's main motor current detection unit are electrically connected to the PLC intelligent control unit. The control output of the PLC intelligent control unit is electrically connected to an electro-hydraulic proportional valve, forming a closed-loop control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of resource recycling, specifically to a hydraulically adjustable impact crusher and its adjustment method. Background Technology

[0002] Impact crushers are core crushing equipment in the field of resource recycling. Their discharge particle size is controlled by the discharge gap between the rotor hammers and the impact plates, and the adjustment of this gap directly determines product quality and production efficiency. Currently, the mainstream methods for adjusting the discharge gap are mechanical adjustments such as shim adjustment and screw adjustment. These methods require the machine to be stopped and manual operation within the crushing chamber, posing safety hazards. Adjustment takes several hours, severely impacting continuous production. Furthermore, the adjustment accuracy relies on manual experience, and under high-frequency vibration conditions, the adjusted gap is prone to drift and loosening, leading to unstable product particle size.

[0003] In addition, some equipment uses a simple hydraulic adjustment device for regulation. This simple hydraulic adjustment device consists of a hydraulic cylinder, a manual directional valve, and a hydraulic station. The hydraulic cylinder is directly hinged to the counterattack plate, and the gap is adjusted by manually operating the directional valve, relying on the directional valve's neutral position function to maintain pressure and position. This device is an open-loop system, lacking displacement detection and closed-loop control, resulting in poor adjustment accuracy and low automation. It cannot automatically retract when encountering uncrushable objects, easily causing equipment damage. The hydraulic cylinder directly bears the impact of materials and dust corrosion, making the piston rod prone to scratches, resulting in a short service life and high maintenance costs.

[0004] In summary, existing regulation technologies suffer from problems such as low efficiency, poor precision, insufficient reliability, and low level of intelligence, making it difficult to meet the demands of efficient, intelligent, and stable crushing production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a hydraulically adjustable impact crusher and an adjustment method to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution.

[0006] A hydraulically adjustable impact crusher includes a frame, an impact plate, an impact plate adjusting rod, a hydraulic adjusting device, a hydraulic system, and a PLC intelligent control unit; The impact plate is installed inside the frame, and the back of the impact plate is connected to the hydraulic adjustment device via the impact plate adjustment rod. The hydraulic adjustment device includes a thrust plate, a spring, a guide rod, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and a displacement sensor. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the thrust plate. One end of the guide rod is fixed to the back plate of the frame, and the other end passes through the thrust plate. A spring is fitted on the guide rod, and the spring is located between the thrust plate and the end of the guide rod. The end of the guide rod is secured with a baffle and a nut. The sensor body of the displacement sensor is fixed on the thrust plate, and the probe of the displacement sensor is fixed on the back plate of the frame. The displacement sensor detects the relative displacement between the thrust plate and the back plate of the frame in real time and outputs a displacement signal. The hydraulic system includes an electro-hydraulic proportional valve, a first hydraulically controlled check valve, a second hydraulically controlled check valve, a first accumulator, and a second accumulator. The first hydraulically controlled check valve and the second hydraulically controlled check valve form a bidirectional hydraulic lock. The working port of the electro-hydraulic proportional valve is connected to the first hydraulically controlled check valve and the second hydraulically controlled check valve respectively. The first hydraulically controlled check valve is connected to the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through the first accumulator, and the second hydraulically controlled check valve is connected to the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through the second accumulator. The displacement sensor and the crusher main motor current detection unit are electrically connected to the PLC intelligent control unit, and the control output terminal of the PLC intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the electro-hydraulic proportional valve to form a closed-loop control.

[0007] Preferably, the back of the counterattack plate is fixedly connected to the thrust plate via a counterattack plate adjusting rod, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the thrust plate, and the piston rod is fixedly connected to the back plate of the frame.

[0008] Preferably, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve is an electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve, which can control the extension and retraction direction, speed, and position of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, when the electro-hydraulic proportional valve is in the neutral position, the bidirectional hydraulic lock closes the oil circuits of both chambers of the hydraulic cylinder, thereby achieving self-locking of the hydraulic cylinder position.

[0010] Preferably, the first accumulator and the second accumulator are respectively disposed on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder to absorb impact, buffer vibration and maintain the stability of the hydraulic cylinder position.

[0011] Preferably, one end of the counter-attack plate adjusting rod is connected to the counter-attack plate via a locking pin, and the other end is fixedly connected to the thrust plate. The hydraulic cylinder indirectly drives the counter-attack plate to move through the thrust plate and the counter-attack plate adjusting rod.

[0012] Preferably, the PLC intelligent control unit is connected to a human-machine interface for inputting target gap parameters and displaying real-time gap and equipment status.

[0013] The programmable logic controller (PLC) continuously monitors the main motor current. When the current exceeds the safety threshold, the PLC controls the electro-hydraulic proportional valve to open the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, expanding the discharge port. After the foreign object is discharged, the current returns to normal.

[0014] This invention also provides a method for adjusting the discharge particle size of an impact crusher, applied to the aforementioned hydraulically adjustable impact crusher. The PLC intelligent control unit receives the displacement signal fed back by the displacement sensor and compares it with the set target value. The PID control electro-hydraulic proportional valve drives the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the discharge gap. After reaching the target position, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve returns to the neutral position, the bidirectional hydraulic lock is locked, and the hydraulic cylinder position is locked. The PLC collects the main motor current in real time. When the current exceeds the threshold, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder is controlled to increase the discharge gap to achieve automatic overload protection. The system automatically resets after the current recovers.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the hydraulically adjustable impact crusher of the present invention has the following advantages: By replacing manual adjustment with hydraulic drive, remote online rapid adjustment can be achieved, reducing adjustment time from hours to minutes. No personnel need to enter the crushing chamber, completely eliminating safety hazards and significantly improving production continuity. Displacement sensors and PLC form a closed-loop control system, with discharge gap adjustment accuracy down to ±1mm. Combined with a double self-locking structure of hydraulic lock and hydraulically controlled check valve, it maintains a constant gap under strong vibration conditions, preventing loosening and drift, and ensuring uniform and stable product particle size. The system connects to the main motor current signal and has automatic overload clearance and reset functions, effectively preventing damage to the equipment from uncrushable objects. It can also automatically fine-tune the gap according to the main load, keeping the crusher in optimal working condition, achieving energy saving, efficiency improvement, and maximum capacity. An optimized structure using hydraulic cylinders to indirectly transmit force via thrust plates, combined with accumulator buffering and shock absorption, avoids direct material impact and dust erosion on hydraulic components, significantly extending service life. The modular design facilitates fault diagnosis and component replacement, improving equipment reliability and reducing maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hydraulic regulating device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a sectional view of the hydraulic regulating device; Figure 3 This is a control system diagram for a hydraulic regulating device; Figure 4 This is a diagram of the hydraulic system of a hydraulic regulating device.

[0017] The reference numerals in the attached figures are, in order: 1. Frame; 2. Counter-attack plate adjusting rod; 3. Counter-attack plate; 4. Rotor; 5. Locking pin; 6. Frame back plate; 7. Thrust plate; 8. Spring; 9. Guide rod; 10. Double-acting hydraulic cylinder; 11. Displacement sensor; 12. Sensor probe; 13. Main motor current signal; 14. Displacement sensor signal; 15. Start / stop signal; 16. Programmable logic controller; 17. HMI; 18. Electro-hydraulic proportional valve signal; 19. Alarm signal; 20. First hydraulically controlled check valve; 21. Electro-hydraulic proportional valve; 22. Second accumulator; 23. Second hydraulically controlled check valve; 24. First accumulator. Detailed Implementation It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Combination Figure 1-4 A hydraulically adjustable impact crusher includes a frame 1, an impact plate 3, an impact plate adjusting rod 2, a hydraulic adjusting device, a hydraulic system, and a PLC intelligent control unit.

[0019] The impact plate 3 is installed inside the frame, and the back of the impact plate 3 is connected to the hydraulic adjustment device through the impact plate adjustment rod 2.

[0020] The hydraulic adjustment device includes a thrust plate 7, a spring 8, a guide rod 9, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 10, and a displacement sensor 11. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder 10 is mounted on the thrust plate 7. One end of the guide rod 9 is fixed to the back plate 6 of the frame, and the other end passes through the thrust plate 7. The spring 8 is mounted on the guide rod 9 and is located between the thrust plate 7 and the end of the guide rod 9. The end of the guide rod 9 is secured with a baffle and a nut. The sensor body of the displacement sensor 11 is fixed on the thrust plate 7, and the probe of the displacement sensor is fixed on the back plate 6 of the frame. The displacement sensor 11 detects the relative displacement between the thrust plate 7 and the back plate of the frame in real time and outputs a displacement signal.

[0021] The hydraulic system includes an electro-hydraulic proportional valve 21, a first hydraulically controlled check valve 20, a second hydraulically controlled check valve 23, a first accumulator 24, and a second accumulator 22. The first hydraulically controlled check valve 20 and the second hydraulically controlled check valve 23 form a bidirectional hydraulic lock. The working port of the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 21 is connected to the first hydraulically controlled check valve 20 and the second hydraulically controlled check valve 23 respectively. The first hydraulically controlled check valve 20 is connected to the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through the first accumulator 24, and the second hydraulically controlled check valve 23 is connected to the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through the second accumulator 22. The electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve 21 in the oil circuit receives instructions from the programmable logic controller (PLC) to precisely control the oil flow direction and flow rate, thereby achieving cylinder speed and position control. When the piston rod extends, it pushes the thrust plate away from the housing, causing the counter-attack plate to move outward and increasing the discharge gap; when the piston rod retracts, it pushes the thrust plate closer to the housing, causing the counter-attack plate to move towards the rotor and decreasing the discharge gap.

[0022] The displacement sensor 11 and the crusher main motor current detection unit are electrically connected to the PLC intelligent control unit. The control output terminal of the PLC intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 21 to form a closed-loop control.

[0023] Furthermore, the back of the counterattack plate 3 is fixedly connected to the thrust plate 7 via the counterattack plate adjusting rod 2, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the thrust plate, and the piston rod is fixedly connected to the back plate of the frame.

[0024] Furthermore, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 21 is an electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve, which can control the extension and retraction direction, speed and position of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0025] Furthermore, when the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 21 is in the neutral position, the bidirectional hydraulic lock closes the oil circuits of both chambers of the hydraulic cylinder, thereby achieving self-locking of the hydraulic cylinder position.

[0026] Furthermore, the first accumulator 24 and the second accumulator 22 are respectively disposed on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder to absorb impact, buffer vibration and maintain the stability of the hydraulic cylinder position.

[0027] Furthermore, one end of the counterattack plate adjusting rod 2 is connected to the counterattack plate 3 via a locking pin 5, and the other end is fixedly connected to the thrust plate 7. The hydraulic cylinder indirectly drives the counterattack plate 3 to move through the thrust plate 7 and the counterattack plate adjusting rod 2.

[0028] Furthermore, the PLC intelligent control unit is connected to a human-machine interface (HMI) for inputting target gap parameters and displaying real-time gap and equipment status. The operator inputs the target gap value through the HMI. The PLC compares the feedback value from the displacement sensor 11 with the target value, calculates the control quantity using a PID algorithm, outputs a signal, and drives the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 21 to precisely adjust the hydraulic cylinder stroke. Upon reaching the target position, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 21 returns to the neutral position, the hydraulic lock activates, and the hydraulic check valve simultaneously locks, completing the adjustment.

[0029] During operation, the programmable logic controller (PLC) continuously monitors the main motor current. If the current momentarily exceeds the safety threshold, the PLC immediately triggers a protection program: it rapidly controls the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 21 to quickly open the hydraulic cylinder, widening the discharge port. After the foreign object is discharged and the current returns to normal, the PLC can automatically or prompt the operator to execute a "reset" program, restoring the impact plate to its working position before the iron was passed through.

[0030] The PLC intelligent control unit receives the displacement signal fed back by the displacement sensor 11 and compares it with the set target value. It drives the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the discharge gap by controlling the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 21 through PID control. After reaching the target position, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve returns to the neutral position, the two-way hydraulic lock is locked, and the position of the hydraulic cylinder is locked. The PLC collects the main motor current in real time. When the current exceeds the threshold, it controls the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 10 to increase the discharge gap to realize automatic protection against iron leakage. It automatically resets after the current recovers.

[0031] It should be noted that the above detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0032] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments described in this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0034] Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0035] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways, such as rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations, and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0036] In the detailed description above, reference has been made to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this document. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar parts unless the context otherwise indicates otherwise. The illustrated embodiments described in the detailed specification, drawings, and claims are not intended to be limiting. Other embodiments may be used and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulically adjustable impact crusher, characterized in that: It includes a frame, a counter-attack plate, a counter-attack plate adjusting rod, a hydraulic adjusting device, a hydraulic system, and a PLC intelligent control unit; The impact plate is installed inside the frame, and the back of the impact plate is connected to the hydraulic adjustment device via the impact plate adjustment rod. The hydraulic adjustment device includes a thrust plate, a spring, a guide rod, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and a displacement sensor. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the thrust plate. One end of the guide rod is fixed to the back plate of the frame, and the other end passes through the thrust plate. A spring is fitted on the guide rod, and the spring is located between the thrust plate and the end of the guide rod. The end of the guide rod is secured with a baffle and a nut. The sensor body of the displacement sensor is fixed on the thrust plate, and the probe of the displacement sensor is fixed on the back plate of the frame. The displacement sensor detects the relative displacement between the thrust plate and the back plate of the frame in real time and outputs a displacement signal. The hydraulic system includes an electro-hydraulic proportional valve, a first hydraulically controlled check valve, a second hydraulically controlled check valve, a first accumulator, and a second accumulator. The first hydraulically controlled check valve and the second hydraulically controlled check valve form a bidirectional hydraulic lock. The working port of the electro-hydraulic proportional valve is connected to the first hydraulically controlled check valve and the second hydraulically controlled check valve respectively. The first hydraulically controlled check valve is connected to the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through the first accumulator, and the second hydraulically controlled check valve is connected to the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through the second accumulator. The displacement sensor and the crusher main motor current detection unit are electrically connected to the PLC intelligent control unit, and the control output terminal of the PLC intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the electro-hydraulic proportional valve to form a closed-loop control.

2. The hydraulically adjustable impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back of the counterattack plate is fixedly connected to the thrust plate via the counterattack plate adjusting rod. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the thrust plate, and the piston rod is fixedly connected to the back plate of the frame.

3. The hydraulically adjustable impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electro-hydraulic proportional valve is an electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve, which can control the extension and retraction direction, speed, and position of the hydraulic cylinder.

4. The hydraulically adjustable impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the electro-hydraulic proportional valve is in the neutral position, the bidirectional hydraulic lock closes the oil circuits of both chambers of the hydraulic cylinder, thereby achieving self-locking of the hydraulic cylinder position.

5. The hydraulically adjustable impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first and second accumulators are respectively located on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder to absorb impact, buffer vibration, and maintain the stability of the hydraulic cylinder position.

6. The hydraulically adjustable impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the counter-attack plate adjusting rod is connected to the counter-attack plate via a locking pin, and the other end is fixedly connected to the thrust plate. The hydraulic cylinder indirectly drives the counter-attack plate to move through the thrust plate and the counter-attack plate adjusting rod.

7. The hydraulically adjustable impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PLC intelligent control unit is connected to a human-machine interface for inputting target clearance parameters and displaying real-time clearance and equipment status.

8. The hydraulically adjustable impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The programmable logic controller (PLC) continuously monitors the main motor current. When the current exceeds the safety threshold, the PLC controls the electro-hydraulic proportional valve to open the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, expanding the discharge port. After the foreign object is discharged, the current returns to normal.

9. A method for adjusting the discharge particle size of an impact crusher, applied to the hydraulically adjustable impact crusher as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The PLC intelligent control unit receives the displacement signal from the displacement sensor and compares it with the set target value. It then uses PID control to drive the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the discharge gap via the electro-hydraulic proportional valve. Once the target position is reached, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve returns to the neutral position, the bidirectional hydraulic lock engages, and the hydraulic cylinder position is locked. The PLC collects the main motor current in real time. When the current exceeds the threshold, it controls the double-acting hydraulic cylinder to increase the discharge gap, thereby achieving automatic protection against over-iron. The system automatically resets after the current recovers.

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