Aircraft high-power periodic operation equipment heat dissipation system and control method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of aircraft heat dissipation technology, and relates to a heat dissipation system and control method for high-power periodic operating equipment in aircraft. It includes a first liquid storage tank, a mechanical pump, a preheater, a bypass valve, a heat storage heat exchanger, a temperature control module, a compressor, a condenser, a second liquid storage tank, and a microchannel cold plate. The first liquid storage tank stores a working fluid. The first liquid storage tank, mechanical pump, preheater, microchannel cold plate, bypass valve, and heat storage heat exchanger are connected sequentially to form a heat transfer and regulation loop. A solid-liquid phase change material is installed inside the heat storage heat exchanger, and a temperature control module is installed on the first liquid storage tank. The heat storage heat exchanger, compressor, condenser, and second liquid storage tank are connected sequentially to form an evaporative cooling loop. This invention can achieve time-sharing coordinated control of heat storage, transfer, and dissipation, meeting the periodic high-power heat dissipation requirements, reducing system weight and energy consumption, improving temperature control accuracy and reliability, and stabilizing the temperature of electronic equipment within the required range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aircraft heat dissipation technology, and relates to a heat dissipation system and control method for high-power periodic operating equipment of aircraft. Background Technology

[0002] Modern aircraft are constantly evolving towards higher altitudes and higher speeds. To meet the demands of complex flight conditions, stable flight control, and good flight maneuverability, high-performance, high-power, and highly integrated electronic devices are widely used. The chip integration of high-power devices such as active phased array radars is becoming increasingly sophisticated, leading to a dramatic increase in component heat dissipation. Achieving efficient cooling under high heat flux density has become a pressing issue. Simultaneously, the requirements for uniform operating temperature in airborne electronic equipment have significantly increased, posing a substantial challenge to the reliability of safe operation. Ensuring stable and reliable operation of electronic equipment requires a cooling system capable of precise temperature control and maintaining uniform surface temperature of the heat dissipation structure. Due to energy constraints, most of these high-power devices operate in a cyclical manner. Designing a simple cooling system with full-power cooling as the primary goal would increase equipment weight and waste resources, thereby increasing the aircraft's fuel consumption.

[0003] Existing heat dissipation technologies struggle to simultaneously address the demands of high-power transient cooling, adaptation to cyclical operating conditions, and lightweight, low-power consumption. Furthermore, they lack comprehensive heat dissipation solutions and coordinated control logic for equipment operating cyclically. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a heat dissipation system for high-power, cyclically operating equipment that can store heat, adjust temperature, and consume low energy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a heat dissipation system and control method for high-power periodic operating equipment of aircraft, which realizes time-sharing coordinated control of heat storage, transfer and dissipation, meets the periodic high-power heat dissipation requirements, reduces system weight and energy consumption, improves temperature control accuracy and reliability, and can stabilize the temperature of electronic equipment within the required range.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention: A heat dissipation system for a high-power periodic operating device for an aircraft includes a first liquid storage tank, a mechanical pump, a preheater, a bypass valve, a heat storage heat exchanger, a temperature control module, a compressor, a condenser, a second liquid storage tank, and a microchannel cold plate. The first liquid storage tank stores the working fluid. The first liquid storage tank, mechanical pump, preheater, microchannel cold plate, bypass valve, and heat storage heat exchanger are connected in sequence to form a heat transfer and regulation loop. Solid-liquid phase change material is installed inside the heat storage heat exchanger, and a temperature control module is installed on the first liquid storage tank. The heat exchanger, compressor, condenser, and second liquid storage tank are connected in sequence to form an evaporative refrigeration cycle loop.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes a filter, which is installed in the pipeline between the mechanical pump and the preheater.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes a regenerator, with the cold-side inlet of the regenerator connected to the preheater, the cold-side outlet of the regenerator connected to the inlet of the microchannel cold plate, the outlet of the microchannel cold plate connected to the hot-side inlet of the regenerator, and the hot-side outlet of the regenerator connected to the inlet of the bypass valve. The microchannel cold plate is connected to the high-power periodic working equipment to absorb the heat from the high-power periodic working equipment.

[0008] Furthermore, the hot side outlet of the regenerator is divided into two paths after passing through a bypass valve. One path is connected to the inlet of the first liquid storage tank, and the other path is connected to the inlet of the first liquid storage tank via the hot side of the heat storage heat exchanger.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes an electronic expansion valve, which is installed on the pipeline between the second liquid storage tank and the heat exchanger.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a fan, which is located on the side of the condenser.

[0011] Furthermore, a second temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline between the first liquid storage tank and the mechanical pump; a first temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline between the cold side outlet of the regenerator and the inlet of the microchannel cold plate; and a third temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline between the cold side outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger and the inlet of the compressor.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a controller and a platform. The first to third temperature and pressure sensors are all electrically connected to the controller. The mechanical pump, preheater, bypass valve, electronic expansion valve, compressor, and condenser fan are all electrically connected to the controller and are all controlled by the controller. The controller receives instructions from the platform and feeds back the system status to the platform.

[0013] A control method for the heat dissipation system, comprising: 1) The platform sends a power-on signal to the controller. After receiving the instruction, the controller performs power-on and signal testing on the mechanical components, preheater, bypass valve, temperature control module, electronic expansion valve, compressor, fan, and temperature and pressure sensor. 2) The system will start up under either cold or hot weather conditions based on the ambient temperature. After completion, the controller will send a preparation completion signal to the platform. Cold weather start-up involves: starting the mechanical pump, adjusting the bypass valve, starting the preheater to heat the working fluid and heat storage material to the set temperature T, then turning off the preheater. The system is ready, and the preparation completion signal is sent to the platform via the controller. Hot weather start-up involves: starting the fan, starting the electronic expansion valve and the compressor; adjusting the compressor speed based on the difference between the temperature T2 from the second temperature and pressure sensor and the set temperature T; coarsely adjusting the electronic expansion valve and then finely adjusting it to the target superheat; when T2 drops to T, starting the mechanical pump. The system is ready, and the preparation completion signal is sent to the platform via the controller. 3) When the high-power periodic working equipment is working, the mechanical pump runs, the preheater regulates the working fluid temperature, the working fluid absorbs heat and stores heat through the heat storage heat exchanger, the bypass valve regulates the subcooling, and the system monitors the cooling capacity in real time. 4) When high-power periodic equipment stops working, the mechanical pump slows down, the evaporative refrigeration cycle loop starts, and the heat in the heat storage heat exchanger is dissipated. 5) The equipment operates in a cycle, and the system repeats steps 3)-4). 6) Receive the platform's shutdown command, and the system will shut down due to power failure.

[0014] Furthermore, when the compressor adjusts its speed based on the difference between the temperature T2 of the second temperature and pressure sensor and the set temperature T, and the temperature T2 of the second temperature and pressure sensor is still higher than the set temperature T, the controller sends a signal to the platform that the system's cooling capacity is insufficient.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) Adaptable to the periodic operating conditions of high-power equipment, saving energy and reducing weight. By using a thermal storage heat exchanger to store and dissipate heat in a time-sharing manner, the refrigeration system does not need to be designed according to peak power, significantly reducing system weight, power consumption, and aircraft fuel consumption.

[0016] (2) Precise temperature control and good temperature uniformity The heat storage heat exchanger uses solid-liquid phase change material with a constant phase change temperature, which can stably maintain the operating temperature of the equipment; together with the preheater and bypass valve, it eliminates the effect of undercooling of the working fluid and ensures uniform surface temperature of the cold plate.

[0017] (3) High energy utilization rate Installing a regenerator recovers waste heat, preheats the working fluid, improves system energy efficiency, and reduces preheating energy consumption.

[0018] (4) Full-condition adaptive operation It can automatically switch between cold start and hot start strategies according to high and low temperature environments, adapting to complex environments such as high altitude, high speed, and variable operating conditions of aircraft.

[0019] (5) The system has high security and reliability. Multi-level temperature and pressure monitoring, subcooling adjustment, over-temperature early warning and capacity feedback mechanisms ensure safe and stable operation of the equipment throughout its entire lifecycle. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system principle of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flowchart of the system control method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following description of the embodiments further illustrates the specific implementation of the present invention in detail, so as to help those skilled in the art to have a more complete, accurate and in-depth understanding of the concept and technical solution of the present invention: An embodiment of the present invention provides a heat dissipation system for a high-power periodic working device of an aircraft, characterized in that it includes a first liquid storage tank 7, a mechanical pump 1, a filter 2, a preheater 3, a regenerator 4, a bypass valve 5, a heat storage heat exchanger 6, a temperature control module 8, an electronic expansion valve 9, a compressor 10, a condenser 11, a second liquid storage tank 12, a fan 13, a microchannel cold plate 14, and connecting pipes, valves, and temperature and pressure sensors 21-23; The first liquid storage tank 7 stores the working fluid. The first liquid storage tank 7, mechanical pump 1, preheater 3, microchannel cold plate 14, bypass valve 5, and heat storage heat exchanger 6 are connected in sequence to form a heat-carrying regulation circulation loop. The heat storage heat exchanger 6 is equipped with a solid-liquid phase change material. The first liquid storage tank 7 is equipped with a temperature control module 8. The heat exchanger 6, compressor 10, condenser 11, and second liquid storage tank 12 are connected in sequence to form an evaporative refrigeration cycle loop.

[0022] Filter 2 is installed on the pipeline between mechanical pump 1 and preheater 3; the cold side inlet of regenerator 4 is connected to preheater 3, the cold side outlet of regenerator 4 is connected to the inlet of microchannel cold plate 14, the outlet of microchannel cold plate 14 is connected to the hot side inlet of regenerator 4, and the hot side outlet of regenerator 4 is connected to the inlet of bypass valve 5. Among them, microchannel cold plate 14 is connected to high-power periodic working equipment to absorb the heat of high-power periodic working equipment; the hot side outlet of regenerator 4 is divided into two paths after bypass valve 5, one path is connected to the inlet of first liquid storage tank 7, and the other path is connected to the inlet of first liquid storage tank via the hot side of heat storage heat exchanger 6.

[0023] The electronic expansion valve 9 is installed on the pipeline between the second liquid storage tank 12 and the heat exchanger 6.

[0024] Fan 13 is located on the side of condenser 11.

[0025] A second temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline between the first liquid storage tank and the mechanical pump 1; a first temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline between the cold side outlet of the regenerator 4 and the inlet of the microchannel cold plate 14; a third temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline between the cold side outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger 6 and the inlet of the compressor 10.

[0026] It also includes a controller and a platform. The first to third temperature and pressure sensors are all electrically connected to the controller. The mechanical pump 1, preheater 3, bypass valve 5, electronic expansion valve 9, compressor 10, and condenser fan 13 are all electrically connected to the controller and are all controlled by the controller. The controller receives instructions from the platform and feeds back the system status to the platform.

[0027] In this embodiment, the mechanical pump 1 provides power for the circulation of the working fluid in the system, driving the working fluid to flow continuously in the loop; the filter 2 filters impurities in the working fluid to prevent pipeline blockage and protect precision components such as pumps, valves, and cold plates; the preheater 3 preheats the working fluid entering the microchannel cold plate 14 to avoid uneven heat exchange caused by overcooling; the regenerator 4 recovers the waste heat of the working fluid and preheats the working fluid entering the heat storage heat exchanger 6 to improve the system's energy utilization rate; the bypass valve 5 regulates the flow rate of the working fluid entering the heat storage heat exchanger 6, controls the subcooling, and achieves precise temperature control; the heat storage heat exchanger 6 is filled with a solid-liquid phase change material for heat storage during operation and heat release during intermittent operation; the storage tank 7 stores the system working fluid, maintains stable system pressure, and ensures no cavitation at the inlet of the mechanical pump 1; the temperature control module 8, based on sensor signals and controlled by the controller, adjusts the storage... The working fluid temperature in liquid tank 7; electronic expansion valve 9 regulates refrigerant flow, controls evaporation temperature and superheat, and ensures refrigeration efficiency; compressor 10 provides power for the evaporative refrigeration cycle, compresses the refrigerant, and increases condensation temperature and pressure; condenser 11 releases refrigerant heat to the outside rammed air, completing condensation and heat release; liquid storage tank 12 is used to store refrigerant in the evaporative cycle and stabilize the operating pressure of the refrigeration system; fan 13 enhances heat exchange in condenser 11 and improves heat dissipation capacity; microchannel cold plate 14 is attached to high-power equipment, absorbs equipment heat, and transfers it to the working fluid.

[0028] The system uses a working fluid as a heat carrier and a mechanical pump 1 as a driving source. The working fluid flows through the microchannel cold plate 14 to absorb the heat from the high-power equipment. The working fluid carrying the heat enters the heat storage heat exchanger 6 and transfers the heat to the internal solid-liquid phase change material for storage. During non-working periods, the evaporative cooling cycle starts, the compressor 10 drives the refrigerant to circulate, absorbs the stored heat in the heat exchanger 6, and discharges the heat to the outside air through the fan 13 at the condenser 11. The regenerator 4 recovers waste heat, the bypass valve 5 adjusts the subcooling, the preheater 3 ensures the working fluid inlet temperature is stable, and the temperature control module 8, based on sensor signals and controlled by the controller, controls the temperature of the working fluid in the storage tank 7, ultimately stabilizing the equipment temperature within the set range.

[0029] A second embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for the heat dissipation system, comprising the following steps: 1) The platform sends a power-on signal to the controller. After receiving the instruction, the controller performs power-on and signal tests on mechanical 1, preheater 3, bypass valve 5, temperature control module 8, electronic expansion valve 9, compressor 10, fan 13 and temperature and pressure sensor. After confirming that there are no errors, the system will be powered on. 2) Start-up is performed under either cold or hot weather conditions based on the ambient temperature. Upon completion, the controller sends a readiness signal to the platform. Cold weather start-up is as follows: In cold weather conditions, the working fluid temperature is low. Mechanical pump 1 is activated, and bypass valve 5 is adjusted to prevent the working fluid from entering the heat exchanger 6 for cooling. Specifically, bypass valve 5 is fully open, and the working fluid bypasses the heat exchanger 6 and returns directly to the storage tank 7, preventing further cooling of the solid-liquid phase change material. Preheater 3 is activated. The working fluid is heated to a set temperature T, and the solid-liquid phase change material is also heated to a set temperature T. The preheater 3 is then turned off, and the system is ready. The ready signal is fed back to the platform through the controller. The start-up process for hot weather conditions is as follows: In hot weather conditions, the working fluid temperature is high. First, fan 13 is turned on, followed by electronic expansion valve 9 and compressor 10. Compressor 10 adjusts its speed according to the difference between the temperature T2 of the second temperature and pressure sensor 22 and the set temperature T, accelerating the cooling of the working fluid in the heat exchanger 6. The adjustment cycle is 20 seconds. The opening adjustment of electronic expansion valve 9 is divided into coarse adjustment and fine adjustment. Electronic expansion valve 9 is first coarsely adjusted and then finely adjusted to the target superheat. The coarse adjustment changes with the speed of the compressor. The fine adjustment is based on the signal of the third temperature and pressure sensor 23, adjusting the superheat of the refrigeration cycle to the target value △T. When the temperature value T2 of the temperature and pressure sensor 22 drops to T, mechanical pump 1 is turned on, the system is ready, and the system enters standby mode. 3) When the high-power periodic working equipment is working, the system enters the normal heat dissipation regulation mode: the preheater 3 is turned on. According to the signal of the temperature and pressure sensor 21, the preheater 3 adjusts the working fluid temperature at the inlet of the microchannel cold plate 14 to the target value T3, so as to avoid the working fluid being too cold before the inlet of the microchannel cold plate 14 and affecting the heat exchange effect. The working fluid absorbs the heat of the equipment as it flows through the microchannel cold plate 14. After recovering some of the waste heat through the regenerator 4, it enters the heat storage heat exchanger 6 and transfers the heat to the internal phase change material. After absorbing heat, the phase change material undergoes a phase change, changing from a solid state to a molten state, thus completing the heat storage. The bypass valve 5 judges the subcooling of the working fluid according to the signal of the temperature and pressure sensor 22 and maintains the subcooling within the target range through flow distribution. At this time, the system is in working mode. 4) When high-power periodic equipment is paused, mechanical pump 1 slows down to save energy, and bypass valve 5 is adjusted to prevent the working fluid from entering the heat exchanger and affecting cooling. The evaporative refrigeration cycle loop is started, that is, the compressor 10 speed and the opening of electronic expansion valve 9 are adjusted according to the strategy in step 2). When T2 decreases to T, the system will send a preparation completion signal back to the platform, and the system enters the preparation mode. 5) High-power equipment operates in a cyclical manner, and the system repeats steps 3)-4). 6) The platform sends a shutdown signal to the heat dissipation system controller. After receiving the instruction, the heat dissipation system cuts off the power to the mechanical pump 1, preheater 3, bypass valve 5, temperature control module 8, electronic expansion valve 9, compressor 10, fan 13, and temperature and pressure sensors 21-23.

[0030] In this embodiment, when the compressor 10 adjusts its speed based on the difference between the temperature T2 of the second temperature and pressure sensor 22 and the set temperature T, and the temperature T2 of the second temperature and pressure sensor is still higher than the set temperature T, the controller sends a signal to the platform that the system's cooling capacity is insufficient.

[0031] In summary, this invention stores the heat generated during equipment operation using a heat storage heat exchanger and dissipates it during non-operational periods. This significantly reduces the power consumption of the evaporation cycle system by utilizing the equipment's operating characteristics, thus reducing both equipment weight and resource waste. The heat storage heat exchanger is filled with a solid-liquid phase change material, ensuring a constant phase change temperature and meeting the equipment's temperature control requirements. A regenerator is incorporated to heat the inlet liquid using the equipment's own heat, improving waste heat utilization. A bypass valve prevents excessive cooling of the liquid after passing through the heat storage heat exchanger, allowing for precise temperature control using the working fluid's own heat. This invention achieves waste heat transfer and dissipation from high-power, periodically operating equipment in aircraft, keeping the equipment's temperature within a specified range.

[0032] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples of the present invention, intended to help understand the technical solution and core ideas of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made based on the concept of the present invention without departing from its principles should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, the specific scope of protection being determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation system for a high-power periodic operating device of an aircraft, characterized in that, It includes a first liquid storage tank, a mechanical pump, a preheater, a bypass valve, a heat storage heat exchanger, a temperature control module, a compressor, a condenser, a second liquid storage tank, and a microchannel cold plate; The first liquid storage tank stores the working fluid. The first liquid storage tank, mechanical pump, preheater, microchannel cold plate, bypass valve, and heat storage heat exchanger are connected in sequence to form a heat transfer and regulation loop. Solid-liquid phase change material is installed inside the heat storage heat exchanger, and a temperature control module is installed on the first liquid storage tank. The heat exchanger, compressor, condenser, and second liquid storage tank are connected in sequence to form an evaporative refrigeration cycle loop.

2. The heat dissipation system for high-power periodic operating equipment of an aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes filters, which are installed in the pipeline between the mechanical pump and the preheater.

3. The heat dissipation system for high-power periodic operating equipment of an aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a regenerator, with the cold-side inlet of the regenerator connected to the preheater, the cold-side outlet of the regenerator connected to the inlet of the microchannel cold plate, the outlet of the microchannel cold plate connected to the hot-side inlet of the regenerator, and the hot-side outlet of the regenerator connected to the inlet of the bypass valve. The microchannel cold plate is connected to a high-power periodic working device to absorb the heat from the high-power periodic working device.

4. The heat dissipation system for high-power periodic operating equipment of an aircraft according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hot side outlet of the regenerator is divided into two paths after passing through the bypass valve. One path is connected to the inlet of the first liquid storage tank, and the other path is connected to the inlet of the first liquid storage tank via the hot side of the heat storage heat exchanger.

5. The heat dissipation system for high-power periodic operating equipment of an aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an electronic expansion valve, which is installed on the pipeline between the second liquid storage tank and the heat exchanger.

6. The heat dissipation system for high-power periodic operating equipment of an aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a fan, which is located on the side of the condenser.

7. The heat dissipation system for high-power periodic operating equipment of an aircraft according to claim 3, characterized in that, A second temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline between the first liquid storage tank and the mechanical pump; a first temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline between the cold side outlet of the regenerator and the inlet of the microchannel cold plate; and a third temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline between the cold side outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger and the inlet of the compressor.

8. The heat dissipation system for high-power periodic operating equipment of an aircraft according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a controller and a platform. The first to third temperature and pressure sensors are all electrically connected to the controller. The mechanical pump, preheater, bypass valve, electronic expansion valve, compressor, and condenser fan are all electrically connected to the controller and are all controlled by the controller. The controller receives instructions from the platform and feeds back the system status to the platform.

9. A control method for the heat dissipation system as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: 1) The platform sends a power-on signal to the controller. After receiving the instruction, the controller performs power-on and signal testing on the mechanical components, preheater, bypass valve, temperature control module, electronic expansion valve, compressor, fan, and temperature and pressure sensor. 2) The system will start up under either cold or hot weather conditions based on the ambient temperature. Once completed, the system will send a ready-to-work signal to the platform via the controller. Cold weather start-up involves: starting the mechanical pump, adjusting the bypass valve, starting the preheater to heat the working fluid and heat storage material to the set temperature T, and then turning off the preheater. The system is ready, and the ready-to-work signal is sent to the platform via the controller. Hot weather start-up involves: starting the fan, and starting the electronic expansion valve and compressor. The compressor adjusts its speed based on the difference between the temperature T2 from the second temperature and pressure sensor and the set temperature T; the electronic expansion valve is first coarsely adjusted and then finely adjusted to the target superheat; when T2 drops to T, the mechanical pump is turned on, the system is ready, and the ready signal is fed back to the platform through the controller; 3) When the high-power periodic working equipment is working, the mechanical pump runs, the preheater regulates the working fluid temperature, the working fluid absorbs heat and stores heat through the heat storage heat exchanger, the bypass valve regulates the subcooling, and the system monitors the cooling capacity in real time. 4) When high-power periodic equipment stops working, the mechanical pump slows down, the evaporative refrigeration cycle loop starts, and the heat in the heat storage heat exchanger is dissipated. 5) The equipment operates in a cycle, and the system repeats steps 3)-4). 6) Receive the platform's shutdown command, and the system will shut down due to power failure.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the compressor adjusts its speed based on the difference between the temperature T2 of the second temperature and pressure sensor and the set temperature T, and the temperature T2 of the second temperature and pressure sensor is still higher than the set temperature T, the controller sends a signal to the platform that the system's cooling capacity is insufficient.

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