A wireless powered device, a brain-computer interface system and a brain-computer interface device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of brain-computer interface, and particularly relates to a wireless energy supply device, a brain-computer interface system and a brain-computer interface device. The present application can flexibly construct a charging area of any shape and size according to different experimental environments by constructing a reconfigurable transmitting array. A cooperative energy supply mechanism of a driving circuit based on phase-shift full-bridge control (PSFB) and an LCC-S resonant compensation network is constructed. The output power is adjusted by phase-shift full-bridge control, and the resonant parameters are optimized, so that the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the transmitting end power device is realized. A dynamic power management architecture is introduced, and the receiving end and the lithium battery cooperatively supply power when the wireless energy is insufficient. A coil polling strategy based on position prediction is designed, and the adjacent area is preferentially detected to shorten the target recognition delay. The present application effectively solves the problem of unstable energy transmission in the free motion state, and significantly improves the power supply reliability of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of brain-computer interfaces, and particularly relates to a wireless power supply device, a brain-computer interface system, and a brain-computer interface device. Background Technology

[0002] Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are direct information pathways between an organism's brain and external devices. By converting neural activity into artificial output, they can replace, restore, enhance, or supplement the organism's functions. By using external signals, they can directly influence neural activity and change the organism's behavior, and have broad application prospects in neuroscience research, medical rehabilitation, and many other fields.

[0003] Traditional implantable brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) mostly use wired connections. This method restricts the free movement of the organism, and the micro-movements of the electrodes caused by cable traction can increase the risk of inflammatory responses in brain tissue, affecting the stability of long-term recordings. Therefore, researchers mostly use wireless BCI solutions. However, wireless BCI devices rely on battery power, and battery capacity limits the duration of experiments. Frequent battery replacements not only interrupt experiments but also increase the risk of infection in laboratory animals.

[0004] To address these issues, researchers introduced Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology, utilizing electromagnetic induction or magnetic resonance principles to continuously power implanted devices. Although wireless charging technology has been initially applied in BCI (Body Compatibility Interchange), existing wireless power supply devices still face the following significant technical bottlenecks: First, the fixed power supply range cannot adapt to diverse experimental scenarios. For example, the common cage-based wireless charging method uses multiple transmitting coils outside the experimental cage. This method, to some extent, meets the charging range within the three-dimensional cage and increases the range of movement for organisms. However, neuroscience experimental scenarios are complex and diverse (ranging from small rearing cages to large T-mazes or open-field experiments). When the experimental scenario changes, the parameters of the cage-based wireless charging need to be readjusted, resulting in high costs and poor flexibility.

[0005] Second, the energy transmission efficiency is low and the risk of electromagnetic thermal effects is high. The resonant network used in existing wireless power supply systems experiences a sharp drop in transmission efficiency when faced with changes in implantation depth and coil misalignment. In order to maintain the voltage requirements of the receiver, the transmitter often needs to increase the transmission power to compensate for the efficiency loss. This not only wastes energy but also leads to severe electromagnetic radiation and tissue heating, which may cause irreversible damage to the brain of experimental animals.

[0006] Third, the lack of dynamic power path management leads to poor system stability. High-performance brain-computer interfaces typically integrate multi-channel high sampling rate and high-frequency electrical stimulation functions, resulting in significant fluctuations in instantaneous power consumption. Existing receiver circuits usually employ a voltage-regulated charging architecture (i.e., wireless energy is first charged into the battery, which then powers the load, or the two are simply connected in parallel). When the experimental animal moves rapidly, causing a decrease in the magnetic coupling between the transmitting and receiving coils, the wireless receiving power may momentarily fall below the load power consumption. If the battery's discharge capacity is limited or the voltage is pulled down, the entire brain-computer interface system is highly susceptible to power failure and restart or functional degradation (such as cessation of stimulation), severely affecting the continuity of experimental data.

[0007] Fourth, the target detection and switching speed is slow, making it difficult to track freely moving targets. In order to achieve wide-range power supply, the transmitter usually adopts a multi-coil array; the existing control strategies mostly use global polling (scanning all coils one by one) to locate the receiver. As the array size increases, the scanning cycle becomes significantly longer; when experimental animals (such as mice) move quickly, the system often cannot switch to the corresponding transmitting coil in time, resulting in power interruption, i.e., a significant "blind spot" effect.

[0008] In summary, there is an urgent need for a brain-computer interface wireless charging power supply device that can flexibly expand the charging range, has high transmission efficiency, maintain voltage stability during load changes, and can quickly respond to target movement. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Based on the above background, the present invention proposes a wireless power supply device that can provide stable power supply in spaces of any shape and size, and improve the efficiency of energy transmission.

[0010] This invention proposes a wireless power supply device, which includes: The inverter and resonant compensation module has its output connected to the transmitting coil array to convert DC input into high-frequency AC power. The transmitting coil array, composed of multiple transmitting coil units, is used to generate an alternating magnetic field within a defined free-moving area. The defined free-moving area refers to the area where the experimental object moves freely during the experiment and requires wireless power coverage. It can be formed by splicing multiple transmitting coil units according to the shape and size of the experimental environment such as an experimental cage, maze, or open field.

[0011] The main control gating module is connected to the inverter and resonant compensation module and the transmitting coil array. It is configured with a coil polling strategy based on target position prediction. By controlling the switch array inside the transmitting coil array, it dynamically controls the conduction and cutoff of the transmitting coil units. The receiving end includes a receiving coil and a dynamic power path management module; the receiving coil is used to receive the alternating magnetic field through magnetic resonance coupling; the dynamic power path management module is configured to monitor the wireless receiving power and load demand in real time, and switch between sufficient and insufficient receiving power, and coordinate the wireless receiving end and the energy storage battery to supply power to the load.

[0012] This invention proposes a brain-computer interface system that utilizes the aforementioned wireless power supply device.

[0013] The present invention also proposes a brain-computer interface device that utilizes the aforementioned wireless power supply device.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: First, a transmitting array module that can drive any number of coils was designed. Compared with the existing fixed coil array, it can flexibly construct charging areas of any shape and size according to different experimental environments (such as standard breeding cages, mazes, etc.) to meet diverse experimental needs.

[0015] Secondly, a collaborative power supply mechanism based on phase-shifted full-bridge control (PSFB) and LCC-S resonant compensation network was constructed. By adjusting the output power through phase-shifted full-bridge control and combining it with resonant parameter optimization, zero-voltage turn-on (ZVS) of the transmitter power device was achieved. This not only improved the end-to-end charging efficiency of the system to 25% and significantly reduced energy consumption, but also greatly suppressed switching noise and electromagnetic radiation, avoiding the impact of high-frequency interference on the acquisition of weak neural signals from the brain-computer interface.

[0016] Furthermore, an NV-DC (narrow voltage DC) power management architecture was introduced, which utilizes dynamic path management technology to automatically introduce battery power (supplementary power mode) when the wireless power at the receiving end is insufficient, thus solving the problem of reduced power consumption or performance degradation of the brain-computer interface due to fluctuations in transmission power.

[0017] Finally, a coil polling strategy based on position prediction was designed. By utilizing the continuous movement of the receiving coil, the coils around the previous position are detected first. Compared with the traditional global polling strategy, this significantly improves the detection speed and real-time response of freely moving experimental objects. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1This is a system framework diagram of the wireless power supply device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of some modules of the wireless power supply device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is the timing diagram for the phase-shifted full-bridge control used in this invention; Figure 4 This is a waveform diagram of the phase-shifting full-bridge control used in this invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the signal acquisition and conditioning module used in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lithium battery charging and discharging module with dynamic power path management used in this invention. Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating the overall polling strategy used in the initial stage of this invention. Figure 8 (a) is a diagram of the local polling strategy used in this invention. Figure 8 (b) is a priority polling strategy diagram based on motion direction prediction. Detailed Implementation

[0020] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail.

[0021] This invention proposes a wireless power supply device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes: The inverter and resonant compensation module has its output connected to the transmitting coil array to convert DC input into high-frequency AC power. A transmitting coil array, consisting of multiple transmitting coil units, is used to generate an alternating magnetic field within a defined free-moving region; The main control gating module is connected to the inverter and resonant compensation module and the transmitting coil array. It is configured with a coil polling strategy based on target position prediction. By controlling the switch array inside the transmitting coil array, it dynamically controls the conduction and cutoff of the transmitting coil units. The receiving end includes a receiving coil and a dynamic power path management module; the receiving coil is used to receive the alternating magnetic field through magnetic resonance coupling; the dynamic power path management module is configured to monitor the wireless receiving power and load demand in real time, and switch between sufficient and insufficient receiving power, and coordinate the wireless receiving end and the energy storage battery to supply power to the load.

[0022] Specifically, the inverter and resonant compensation module includes a phase-shifted full-bridge inverter drive circuit and an LCC-S resonant compensation network, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the phase-shifted full-bridge inverter drive circuit consists of four power switching transistors S1, S2, S3, and S4 forming an H-bridge structure; S1 and S2 form the leading bridge arm, and S3 and S4 form the lagging bridge arm; the inverter output is connected to the LCC-S resonant compensation network.

[0023] Specifically, in the phase-shifted full-bridge inverter drive circuit, this invention utilizes phase-shifted pulse width modulation (PWM) technology to regulate voltage. The main control MCU outputs four PWM signals to control the gates of S1-S4 respectively. By adjusting the phase difference (i.e., phase shift angle δ) between the leading and lagging bridge arms, the effective duty cycle of the output voltage is controlled, thereby regulating the transmitted power. The two power switches in each pair of bridge arms are 180 degrees out of phase, and each switch has a 50% duty cycle. In practical circuits, to prevent simultaneous conduction of switches in the same bridge arm, a dead time is often added between the two turn-on signals to prevent short circuits at the power input due to bridge arm conduction. This is also a critical time window for achieving zero-voltage switching (ZVS).

[0024] The timing diagram of the phase-shifting full-bridge control is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, S1-S4 represent the corresponding gate voltages of the power switches, V a and V b These are the midpoint voltages of the leading and lagging bridge arms, respectively; Vab is the inverter bridge output voltage; δ represents the phase shift angle, used to adjust the effective duty cycle of the inverter bridge output voltage Vab.

[0025] To illustrate the timing and waveforms of zero-voltage turn-on (ZVS), Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the operating waveforms of the phase-shifted full-bridge control, where Ip is the primary-side resonant current, Vab is the full-bridge output voltage, Vrect is the waveform before and after rectification at the receiving end, and t0-t... 13 The shaded area represents the dead zone or commutation zone at each switch commutation time. In this embodiment, the transmitter and receiver transmit wireless energy through spatial magnetic resonance coupling, which differs from the structure of a traditional phase-shifted full-bridge DC-DC circuit that uses a magnetic core transformer for isolation conversion. Therefore, this embodiment does not limit the transmitter coil unit and receiver coil to the primary and secondary windings of a traditional transformer, nor does it use the leakage inductance or magnetizing inductance of a traditional transformer as the necessary energy storage element for achieving ZVS.

[0026] Specifically, the LCC-S resonant compensation network is inductive near the set operating frequency, ensuring that the transmitter resonant current Ip remains continuous within the bridge arm commutation dead zone. This transmitter resonant current Ip is maintained by inductive energy storage in the transmitter resonant circuit, which includes the LCC-S resonant compensation network and the transmitter coil branch connected thereto. The inductive energy storage includes, for example, the series resonant inductance Lf1 in the LCC-S resonant compensation network, the equivalent inductance of the transmitter coil unit, and the energy stored in the equivalent parasitic inductance of the line.

[0027] When the leading arm commutates, taking S1 off and S2 on as an example, after S1 is turned off at time t0, the resonant current Ip at the transmitter charges the output capacitor of S1 and discharges the output capacitor of S2. During the dead time from t0 to t1, the voltage at the midpoint of the arm changes; when the drain-source voltage of S2 is discharged to near zero, the body diode of S2 conducts and clamps its drain-source voltage near zero potential. When an on-signal is applied to S2 at time t1, since the drain-source voltage of S2 is already close to zero, S2 achieves zero-voltage turn-on.

[0028] The ZVS process for the lagging bridge arm is similar to the process described above. When the lagging bridge arm commutates, the transmitter resonant current Ip also utilizes the inductive energy stored in the transmitter resonant circuit to charge and discharge the output capacitors of the transistors about to be turned off and turned on, causing the drain-source voltage of the transistor about to be turned on to drop to near zero before its gate drive signal arrives. Therefore, the transistors in the phase-shifted full-bridge inverter drive circuit can achieve zero-voltage turn-on after the dead time ends.

[0029] The working principle of the inverter and resonant compensation module is as follows: The main control gating module controls the power output to the transmitting coil array by adjusting the phase shift angle between the leading bridge arm and the lagging bridge arm, and sets a fixed dead time between the alternating conduction of the upper and lower switching transistors of the same bridge arm. During the dead time of the leading arm and the lagging arm, the inductive energy storage in the transmitter resonant circuit is used to maintain the continuity of the transmitter resonant current, and the output capacitors of the soon-to-be-turn-off switch and the soon-to-be-turn-on switch are charged and discharged through the transmitter resonant current. When the drain-source voltage of the switch transistor about to be turned on is discharged to near zero before the gate drive signal arrives, its body diode turns on and clamps the drain-source voltage near zero potential, so that the switch transistor can achieve zero-voltage turn-on when it receives the turn-on drive signal.

[0030] The LCC-S resonant compensation network is a resonant circuit shared by all transmitting coil units, including a series resonant inductor L connected in series. f1 With series resonant capacitor C f1, and a parallel resonant capacitor C1 connected between the connection point of the series resonant inductor and the series resonant capacitor and ground.

[0031] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the transmitting coil array includes multiple parallel coil branches, each coil branch containing a bidirectional blocking switch and the transmitting coil unit; the bidirectional blocking switch is composed of two N-channel MOSFETs connected in a common-source manner, wherein the drain of the first MOSFET is connected to the output terminal of the LCC-S resonant compensation network, the source of the first MOSFET is connected to the source of the second MOSFET, the drain of the second MOSFET is connected to one end of the transmitting coil unit, and the other end of the transmitting coil unit is grounded.

[0032] Furthermore, in the brain-computer interface wireless power supply device provided by the present invention, the main control gating module is connected to the gate of the bidirectional blocking switch in each coil branch, and controls the conduction of a single coil branch through a single-end driving method, while isolating the parasitic parameters of the unconducted coil branch through the bidirectional blocking switch.

[0033] Furthermore, in the brain-computer interface wireless power supply device provided by the present invention, the main control gating module further includes a signal acquisition and conditioning module for realizing closed-loop control and target position detection. Specifically, as shown in the figure... Figure 5 As shown, the signal acquisition and conditioning module includes a current sampling circuit, a differential amplifier circuit, a voltage divider sampling circuit, and an ADC sampling port of the main control MCU.

[0034] The circuit under test refers to the transmitting end working circuit that requires voltage and current feedback sampling, and it is powered by a DC input power supply. The DC input power supply is used to provide DC input power to the circuit under test, and the operational amplifier power supply is used to provide operating power to the operational amplifier in the differential amplifier circuit. The two are used to power different objects, and do not mean that the ADC sampling port of the main control MCU is directly connected to the DC input power supply or the operational amplifier power supply.

[0035] The current sampling circuit includes a sampling resistor connected in series in the circuit under test. When the resonant current in the circuit under test flows through the sampling resistor, a differential sampling voltage signal proportional to the magnitude of the resonant current is formed across the sampling resistor. The differential sampling voltage signal is a voltage signal whose magnitude satisfies Vsense = I × Rsense, where Vsense is the differential sampling voltage across the sampling resistor, I is the resonant current flowing through the circuit under test, and Rsense is the resistance value of the sampling resistor. Therefore, the function of the sampling resistor is to convert the resonant current into a differential sampling voltage signal across the sampling resistor, rather than directly sending the current signal to the ADC sampling port of the main control MCU.

[0036] The differential amplifier circuit includes an operational amplifier and its external resistors. The two input terminals of the operational amplifier are connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor via external resistors to receive the differential sampling voltage signal across the sampling resistor and differentially amplify it. The output terminal of the differential amplifier circuit outputs an analog voltage signal characterizing the magnitude of the resonant current. This analog voltage signal is the differentially amplified voltage signal, and its amplitude is within the allowable input range of the ADC sampling port of the main control MCU. The analog voltage signal characterizing the magnitude of the resonant current is sent to the first ADC sampling port ADC1 of the main control MCU to obtain the resonant current sampling result of the circuit under test. Therefore, the ADC1 of the main control MCU is connected to the output terminal of the differential amplifier circuit, not its input terminal.

[0037] The voltage divider sampling circuit includes a voltage divider resistor network connected between the voltage sampling terminal of the circuit under test and a reference ground. The voltage divider resistor network is used to proportionally convert the voltage of the circuit under test into a low-voltage analog voltage signal suitable for sampling by the main control MCU, and to form an analog voltage signal characterizing the magnitude of the circuit voltage at the voltage divider output terminal. This analog voltage signal characterizing the magnitude of the circuit voltage is also a voltage signal, and its voltage amplitude is within the allowable input range of the ADC sampling port of the main control MCU. The analog voltage signal characterizing the magnitude of the circuit voltage is sent to the second ADC sampling port ADC2 of the main control MCU to obtain the voltage sampling result of the circuit under test.

[0038] The main control MCU calculates the real-time impedance and phase difference based on the resonant current sampling result collected by the first ADC sampling port ADC1 and the loop voltage sampling result collected by the second ADC sampling port ADC2 after software filtering. It then uses the real-time impedance and phase difference to determine whether the receiving coil has moved, so as to adjust the phase shift angle or switch the active transmitting coil unit.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the dynamic power path management module includes an S-type compensation network, a full-bridge rectifier circuit, a voltage regulator module, and a lithium battery charging and discharging module with dynamic power path management.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, the S-shaped compensation network consists of a receiving coil. With series resonant capacitor An S-shaped resonant network is formed; the receiving coil is used to receive the high-frequency alternating magnetic field from the transmitting array through spatial magnetic resonance coupling; the receiving end resonant capacitor is connected in series with the receiving coil to tune its resonant frequency to the target operating frequency, such as 150kHz.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, the input terminal of the full-bridge rectifier circuit is connected to the output terminal of the receiver's S-type compensation network. The circuit consists of a full-bridge rectifier and a rectifier filter capacitor. The full-bridge rectifier is used to convert the resonant high-frequency AC power into pulsating DC power. After being smoothed by the rectifier filter capacitor, a DC voltage is output at its output terminal.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, the input terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the output of the full-bridge circuit. This module is a DC-DC type voltage regulator module. The voltage regulator module is used to adjust the rectified DC voltage to a stable voltage to power the downstream lithium battery charging and discharging circuit.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, the charge / discharge module with dynamic power path management is connected between the regulated output terminal, the lithium battery terminal, and the load terminal of the brain-computer interface system, and adopts an integrated PMIC module. Its core hardware structure includes a front-end buck converter, a system power bus, and a bidirectional battery field-effect transistor (BATFET). The specific hardware circuit of the lithium battery charge / discharge module with dynamic power path management is as follows: Figure 6 As shown. The input of the front-end buck converter is connected to the output of the voltage regulator module, and its output is connected to the system power bus. To provide system voltage, the brain-computer interface system load is directly connected in parallel to the system power bus; the bidirectional battery field-effect transistor is connected in series between the system power bus and the positive terminal of the lithium battery, used to control the on / off state of the battery path and impedance adjustment, V IN The input voltage from the voltage regulator module to the preceding buck converter; I IN For the input current, I CHG For battery charging current, I SYS This represents the load current of the brain-computer interface system.

[0044] The specific working logic configuration of the dynamic power path management module is as follows: The first state is the fully powered state. When the wireless receiving power output by the full-bridge rectifier is detected to be greater than the power requirement of the implantable brain-computer interface load, the charging management chip will prioritize supplying power to the load through the system power bus and guide the excess power to the energy storage battery for charging. The second state is the insufficient power supply and replenishment state. When the target moves and causes the receiving coil to deviate from the optimal coupling area, and the wireless receiving power is detected to drop below the power requirement of the load, the charging management chip automatically closes the battery discharge path and enters the replenishment mode. At this time, the remaining wireless power output by the full-bridge rectifier and the energy storage battery jointly supply power to the system power bus. The third state is the fully battery-powered state. When the wireless receiving power is interrupted or falls below the minimum threshold set by the system, the full-bridge rectifier path is disconnected, and the energy storage battery alone provides smooth DC power to the implanted brain-computer interface load.

[0045] Specifically, the coil polling strategy based on target position prediction executed by the main control gating module includes the following steps: Step 1, Status Monitoring: During continuous high-frequency AC output, the current value of the currently conducting active transmitting coil unit is sampled in real time to feed back electrical parameters. When the change in the feedback electrical parameters exceeds the set unlock threshold, it is determined that the moving target has deviated from the current optimal coupling area, and high-frequency energy transmission is suspended. Step 2, construct the prediction set; based on the physical continuity of the moving target's motion, using the physical coordinates of the unlocked activated transmitting coil unit as the origin, divide the transmitting coil units that are directly adjacent to it in space into a first-priority set of adjacent coils. Step 3, Local fast polling; control the switch array to sequentially turn on each coil branch and inject high-frequency detection pulses only in the adjacent coil sets; if a feedback electrical parameter that meets the coupling threshold is detected at a certain transmitting coil unit, then update it to a new active transmitting coil unit and restore continuous high-frequency AC output; Step 4, global expansion and degradation: If no target satisfying the coupling threshold is detected in the entire set of adjacent coils, then with the origin as the center, according to the principle of spatial topological distance from near to far, a set of concentric ring coils with secondary priority is successively expanded outward to traverse and detect until the target position is re-locked.

[0046] Figure 7 and Figure 8 Here is a diagram of the specific polling strategy, in which, Figure 7 It is the overall polling strategy in the initial stage. Figure 8 One is peripheral polling measurement, and the other is a priority polling strategy based on predictive control.

[0047] Coordinate mapping and storage: Since the transmitter array is reconfigurable and splicable, the main control unit reads the ID of each expansion board during initialization and constructs a virtual two-dimensional coordinate system (X, Y); the system maintains the variable Last_Active_Pos in memory to record the coordinates of the transmitter coils that were last successfully established in a high-efficiency link.

[0048] Predictive polling logic: The main control unit continuously monitors the reflected impedance of the currently operating coil through the voltage and current detection module. When the real part of the impedance undergoes a step change or the link efficiency falls below a preset threshold, the coil switching process is triggered.

[0049] Local Predictive Scan: Based on the continuity of biological movement, the main control unit first calculates the coordinates of the eight neighboring coils around the currently activated coil, including the top, bottom, left, right and four diagonal directions, and prioritizes sending short pulse excitations to the predicted coil position to detect the loop current response; if a significant current feedback is detected at a certain neighboring coil, it is determined that the target has moved to that position, and that coil is updated as the new working coil.

[0050] Global scan rollback mechanism: When none of the above 8 neighboring coils detect the target, the system performs a full array line-by-line scan; this strategy reduces the scanning range from all coils to the set of adjacent coils in most cases, improving the tracking response speed for freely moving experimental objects. Based on the above hardware structure, the receiver circuit in this embodiment implements dynamic power path management when the received energy fluctuates significantly. The system monitors the matching status between the full-bridge rectified output power and the brain-computer interface load requirements in real time, and seamlessly switches between the following three dynamic management modes by adjusting the conduction status of the buck converter and BATFET: Trickle / constant current charging mode ( When the received wireless power is sufficient, the buck converter prioritizes adjusting the system power bus voltage. To meet the voltage requirements of the brain-computer interface (such as 3.3V or 5V), excess energy is used to charge the lithium battery through a conductive BATFET.

[0051] Power replenishment mode ( This is the core embodiment of the device's "dynamic power path management." In this embodiment, the magnetic coupling degree is used to characterize the strength of the coupling between the currently active transmitting coil unit and the receiving coil through the alternating magnetic field for wireless power transmission. When the receiving coil undergoes lateral displacement, distance change, or attitude change relative to the currently active transmitting coil unit, the magnetic coupling degree decreases, and the wireless power available to the receiving end decreases accordingly. When the brain-computer interface performs high-power stimulation tasks, or when experimental animals move rapidly, causing the receiving coil to deviate from the optimal coupling area of ​​the currently active transmitting coil unit, reducing the magnetic coupling degree between the transmitting and receiving coil units, the output power of the full-bridge rectifier may be insufficient. At this time, the module does not disconnect the load but linearly adjusts the BATFET to operate in a discharging state. At this time, the load current... The rectified output current I RX and battery discharge current I BAT Overlay (i.e.) ), thereby ensuring It will not fall, maintaining the continuous and stable operation of the brain-computer interface.

[0052] Transport / Low Power Mode: When no wireless magnetic field is detected, the BATFET is fully turned on, and the system is powered solely by the battery; or the BATFET is turned off during sleep mode to reduce battery self-discharge. Wherein, P... RX P represents the usable power output from the wireless receiver via the full-bridge rectifier. LOAD This indicates the load power of the brain-computer interface system, V. SYS Indicates the system power bus voltage, I SYS I represents the load current. RX I represents the current supplied by the wireless receiver to the system power bus via the full-bridge rectifier. BAT This indicates the discharge current supplied by the energy storage battery to the system power bus via the BATFET.

[0053] In addition, the present invention also proposes a brain-computer interface system or brain-computer interface device that uses the above-mentioned wireless power supply device.

[0054] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0056] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0057] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus / terminal devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus / terminal device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0058] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0059] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0060] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wireless power supply device, characterized in that, The device includes: The inverter and resonant compensation module has its output connected to the transmitting coil array to convert DC input into high-frequency AC power. A transmitting coil array, consisting of multiple transmitting coil units, is used to generate an alternating magnetic field within a defined free-moving region; The main control gating module is connected to the inverter and resonant compensation module and the transmitting coil array. It is configured with a coil polling strategy based on target position prediction. By controlling the switch array inside the transmitting coil array, it dynamically controls the conduction and cutoff of the transmitting coil units. The receiving end includes a receiving coil and a dynamic power path management module; the receiving coil is used to receive the alternating magnetic field through magnetic resonance coupling; the dynamic power path management module is configured to monitor the wireless receiving power and load demand in real time, and switch between sufficient and insufficient receiving power, and coordinate the wireless receiving end and the energy storage battery to supply power to the load.

2. The wireless power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inverter and resonance compensation module includes a phase-shifted full-bridge inverter drive circuit and an LCC-S resonance compensation network.

3. The wireless power supply device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The phase-shifted full-bridge inverter drive circuit consists of an H-bridge structure composed of four power switching transistors S1, S2, S3, and S4; S1 and S2 form the leading bridge arm, and S3 and S4 form the lagging bridge arm.

4. The wireless power supply device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The LCC-S resonant compensation network is a resonant circuit shared by all transmitting coil units, including a series resonant inductor L connected in series. f1 With series resonant capacitor C f1 , and a parallel resonant capacitor C1 connected between the connection point of the series resonant inductor and the series resonant capacitor and ground.

5. The wireless power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmitting coil array includes multiple parallel coil branches, each of which contains a bidirectional blocking switch and the transmitting coil unit.

6. The wireless power supply device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bidirectional blocking switch is composed of two N-channel MOSFETs connected in a common-source configuration. The drain of the first MOSFET is connected to the output terminal of the LCC-S resonant compensation network, the source of the first MOSFET is connected to the source of the second MOSFET, the drain of the second MOSFET is connected to one end of the transmitting coil unit, and the other end of the transmitting coil unit is grounded.

7. The wireless power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control gating module includes a signal acquisition and conditioning module, which is used to realize closed-loop control and target position detection.

8. The wireless power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic power path management module includes an S-type compensation network, a full-bridge rectifier circuit, a voltage regulator module, and a lithium battery charging and discharging module with dynamic power path management.

9. The wireless power supply device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The S-shaped compensation network consists of a receiving coil Ls and a series resonant capacitor Cs forming an S-shaped resonant network.

10. A brain-computer interface system, characterized in that, The wireless power supply device according to any one of claims 1-9.

11. A brain-computer interface device, characterized in that, The wireless power supply device according to any one of claims 1-9.

12. A coil polling method, based on the wireless power supply device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1, Status Monitoring: During continuous high-frequency AC output, the current value of the currently conducting active transmitting coil unit is sampled in real time to feed back electrical parameters. When the change in the feedback electrical parameters exceeds the set unlock threshold, it is determined that the moving target has deviated from the current optimal coupling area, and high-frequency energy transmission is suspended. Step 2, construct the prediction set; based on the physical continuity of the moving target's motion, using the physical coordinates of the unlocked activated transmitting coil unit as the origin, divide the transmitting coil units that are directly adjacent to it in space into a first-priority set of adjacent coils. Step 3, Local fast polling; control the switch array to sequentially turn on each coil branch and inject high-frequency detection pulses only in the adjacent coil sets; if a feedback electrical parameter that meets the coupling threshold is detected at a certain transmitting coil unit, then update it to a new active transmitting coil unit and restore continuous high-frequency AC output; Step 4, global expansion and degradation: If no target satisfying the coupling threshold is detected in the entire set of adjacent coils, then with the origin as the center, according to the principle of spatial topological distance from near to far, a set of concentric ring coils with secondary priority is successively expanded outward to traverse and detect until the target position is re-locked.

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