Photovoltaic glass with snow removing function and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of photovoltaic materials, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic glass with a snow removing function and a preparation method thereof. The photovoltaic glass provided by the application comprises a first base glass, an electric heating layer and a second base glass which are sequentially stacked; the electric heating layer contains carbon material, a coupling agent and a polymer matrix material; the photovoltaic glass is further provided with a photosensitive sensor and a temperature sensor. The carbon material interlayer is arranged in the photovoltaic glass, and can generate heat after being electrified, so that the snow and frost on the photovoltaic panel can be removed by photovoltaic power generation, thereby quickly eliminating the ice and frost on the photovoltaic panel in a high-altitude area due to the temperature difference between day and night, and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic panel; in addition, the carbon material in the photovoltaic glass has good light absorption, and can further improve the energy utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic materials, and in particular relates to a photovoltaic glass with snow removal function and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In high-altitude areas, the air is thinner, significantly reducing the weakening effect of the atmosphere on solar radiation, resulting in annual total irradiance that is generally 10-30% higher than in low-altitude areas. For example, at an altitude of 3000 meters, the direct irradiance can reach 1800-2200 kWh / m². 2 / year, providing a more abundant energy source for photovoltaic panels and directly increasing the power generation per unit area.

[0003] The large diurnal temperature range in high-altitude areas makes photovoltaic panels prone to frost formation, thus affecting energy efficiency. Solving this problem is a key research focus in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic glass with snow removal function and a method for preparing the same. The photovoltaic glass provided by the present invention can generate heat when energized, and can use photovoltaic power generation to realize snow removal and defrosting of the photovoltaic panel. In addition, the carbon material in the photovoltaic glass has good light absorption properties, which can further improve the energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic panel.

[0005] This invention provides a photovoltaic glass with snow removal function, comprising a first substrate glass, an electrothermal layer, and a second substrate glass stacked sequentially; the electrothermal layer contains carbon material, coupling agent, and polymer matrix material;

[0006] The photovoltaic glass is also equipped with a photosensor and a temperature sensor.

[0007] Preferably, the carbon material is one or more of graphene, graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and expanded graphite.

[0008] Preferably, the graphene has a particle size of 3-15 nm; the graphite has a particle size of 10-30 μm; the carbon black has a particle size of 40-60 nm; the carbon nanotubes have a diameter of 5-20 nm and an aspect ratio of (200-600):1; and the expanded graphite has a particle size of 40-60 μm and an expansion factor of 200-400 times.

[0009] Preferably, the carbon material content in the heating layer is 0.5~1.5wt%.

[0010] Preferably, the coupling agent is one or more of the following brands: KH-550, KH-560, KH-570, and KH-590.

[0011] Preferably, the coupling agent has a content of 0.1~0.5wt% in the electrothermal layer.

[0012] Preferably, the polymer matrix material is one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenolic resin, and polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of the electrothermal layer is 50~200μm.

[0014] Preferably, both the first substrate glass and the second substrate glass are laminated glass.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a rolling coating device for coating the surface of photovoltaic glass.

[0016] This invention provides a method for preparing photovoltaic glass with snow removal function as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Carbon materials, coupling agents, and polymer matrix materials are mixed in a solvent to obtain a casting solution;

[0018] The casting liquid is cast into a film and then cured to obtain an electrothermal layer material.

[0019] The first substrate glass, the electrothermal layer, and the second substrate glass are sequentially stacked and hot-pressed to obtain a multilayer composite glass plate;

[0020] A photosensitive sensor and a temperature sensor are installed on the multilayer composite glass plate to obtain photovoltaic glass with snow removal function.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a photovoltaic glass with snow removal function and its preparation method. The photovoltaic glass provided by this invention includes a first substrate glass, an electrothermal layer, and a second substrate glass stacked sequentially; the electrothermal layer contains carbon materials, a coupling agent, and a polymer matrix material; the photovoltaic glass also includes a photosensor and a temperature sensor. This invention incorporates a carbon material interlayer within the photovoltaic glass, which generates heat when energized, enabling snow removal and defrosting of the photovoltaic panel using photovoltaic power generation. This quickly eliminates frost caused by diurnal temperature variations on photovoltaic panels in high-altitude areas, improving the energy efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. Furthermore, the carbon material in this photovoltaic glass has excellent light absorption properties, further enhancing the energy efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. In addition, the photovoltaic glass is equipped with photosensors and temperature sensors; through the cooperation of these sensors and a remote circuit control system, efficient and precise temperature control of the photovoltaic panel can be achieved based on diurnal temperature variations and the sun's position. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the rolling film coating device provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The present invention provides a photovoltaic glass with snow removal function, comprising a first substrate glass, an electrothermal layer and a second substrate glass stacked in sequence; the electrothermal layer contains carbon material, coupling agent and polymer matrix material; the photovoltaic glass is also provided with a photosensor and a temperature sensor.

[0026] In the photovoltaic glass provided by the present invention, the first substrate glass is preferably laminated glass; the glass material of the laminated glass is preferably float glass, semi-tempered glass, ultra-clear tempered glass, or wear-resistant tempered glass; the thickness of one side of the laminated glass is preferably 1-5 mm, specifically 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm; the interlayer material of the laminated glass is preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB); the interlayer thickness of the laminated glass is preferably 1-2 mm, specifically 1.14 mm or 1.52 mm.

[0027] In the photovoltaic glass provided by this invention, the carbon material in the electrothermal layer is preferably one or more of graphene, graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and expanded graphite, and the carbon nanotubes are preferably multi-walled carbon nanotubes; wherein, the particle size of the graphene is preferably 3~15nm, specifically 3nm, 4nm, 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, 9nm, 10nm, 11nm, 12nm, 13nm, 14nm, or 15nm; the particle size of the graphite is preferably 10~30μm, specifically 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 17μm, 20μm, 23μm, 25μm, 27μm, or 30μm; the particle size of the carbon black is preferably 40~60nm, specifically 40nm, 42nm, 45nm, 47nm, 50nm, 52nm, 55nm, 57nm, or 60nm; and the diameter of the carbon nanotubes is preferably 5~20nm. Specifically, the nanometers can be 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, 9nm, 10nm, 11nm, 12nm, 13nm, 14nm, 15nm, 16nm, 17nm, 18nm, 19nm, or 20nm; the aspect ratio of the carbon nanotubes is preferably (200~600):1, specifically 200:1, 250:1, 300:1, 350:1, 400:1, 450:1, 500:1, 5... The ratio of the expanded graphite to the particle size is preferably 40-60 μm, specifically 40 μm, 42 μm, 45 μm, 47 μm, 50 μm, 52 μm, 55 μm, 57 μm or 60 μm; the expansion ratio of the expanded graphite is preferably 200-400 times, specifically 200 times, 230 times, 250 times, 270 times, 300 times, 320 times, 350 times, 370 times or 400 times.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon material is graphite and carbon black, and the mass ratio of graphite to carbon black is preferably 1:(0.5~2), specifically 1:0.5, 1:0.6, 1:0.7, 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, 1:1.3, 1:1.4, 1:1.5, 1:1.6, 1:1.7, 1:1.8, 1:1.9, or 1:2. In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon material is graphene and carbon nanotubes, and the mass ratio of graphene to carbon nanotubes is preferably (1~3):1, specifically 1:1, 1.2:1, 1.5:1, 1.7:1, 2:1, 2.3:1, 2.5:1, 2.7:1, or 3:1.

[0029] In the photovoltaic glass provided by the present invention, the carbon material content in the electrothermal layer is preferably 0.5~1.5wt%, specifically 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.4wt%, or 1.5wt%.

[0030] In the photovoltaic glass provided by the present invention, the coupling agent in the electrothermal layer is preferably one or more of KH-550, KH-560, KH-570 and KH-590.

[0031] In the photovoltaic glass provided by the present invention, the coupling agent content in the electrothermal layer is preferably 0.1~0.5wt%, specifically 0.1wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.45wt%, or 0.5wt%.

[0032] In the photovoltaic glass provided by the present invention, the polymer matrix material in the electrothermal layer is preferably one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenolic resin and polyvinylidene fluoride; wherein, the epoxy resin is preferably E-51 and / or E-44.

[0033] In some embodiments provided by the present invention, the polymer matrix material is epoxy resin and phenolic resin, and the mass ratio of epoxy resin to phenolic resin is preferably (1~5):1, specifically 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, 4.5:1 or 5:1.

[0034] In the photovoltaic glass provided by the present invention, the thickness of the electrothermal layer is preferably 50~200μm, specifically 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 100μm, 110μm, 120μm, 130μm, 140μm, 150μm, 160μm, 170μm, 180μm, 190μm or 200μm.

[0035] In the photovoltaic glass provided by the present invention, the second substrate glass is preferably laminated glass; the glass material of the laminated glass is preferably float glass, semi-tempered glass, ultra-clear tempered glass, or wear-resistant tempered glass; the thickness of one side of the laminated glass is preferably 1-5 mm, specifically 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm; the interlayer material of the laminated glass is preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB); the interlayer thickness of the laminated glass is preferably 1-2 mm, specifically 1.14 mm or 1.52 mm.

[0036] The photovoltaic glass provided by the present invention preferably also includes a rolling coating device for coating the surface of the photovoltaic glass, the operation of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. In this invention, the rolling film-coating device can automatically sense weather conditions and determine whether to coat the photovoltaic glass surface based on the weather conditions, thereby achieving snow removal from the photovoltaic glass surface and reducing the load.

[0037] The present invention also provides a method for preparing photovoltaic glass with snow removal function as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0038] Carbon materials, coupling agents, and polymer matrix materials are mixed in a solvent to obtain a casting solution;

[0039] The casting liquid is cast into a film and then cured to obtain an electrothermal layer material.

[0040] The first substrate glass, the electrothermal layer, and the second substrate glass are sequentially stacked and hot-pressed to obtain a multilayer composite glass plate;

[0041] A photosensitive sensor and a temperature sensor are installed on the multilayer composite glass plate to obtain photovoltaic glass with snow removal function.

[0042] In the preparation method provided by the present invention, the solvent is preferably one or more of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, ethanol and water.

[0043] In the preparation method provided by the present invention, the specific mixing process preferably includes: i) mixing carbon material with a portion of solvent to obtain a suspension; ii) mixing the suspension, coupling agent, polymer matrix material and another portion of solvent to obtain a casting solution.

[0044] In the specific mixing process provided by the present invention, in process i), the mixing is preferably carried out under ultrasonic conditions, and the power of the ultrasonic wave is preferably 500~1000W, specifically 500W, 550W, 600W, 650W, 700W, 750W, 800W, 850W, 900W, 950W or 1000W; the mixing time is preferably 30~60min, specifically 30min, 35min, 40min, 45min, 50min, 55min or 60min.

[0045] In the specific mixing process provided by the present invention, in process ii), the mixing speed is preferably 2000~3000 r / min, specifically 2000 r / min, 2100 r / min, 2200 r / min, 2300 r / min, 2400 r / min, 2500 r / min, 2600 r / min, 2700 r / min, 2800 r / min, 2900 r / min or 3000 r / min; the mixing time is preferably 30~60 min, specifically 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min, 55 min or 60 min.

[0046] In the preparation method provided by the present invention, the curing method includes, but is not limited to, natural curing and / or heat curing.

[0047] In the preparation method provided by the present invention, the pressure of the hot pressing is preferably 0.5~1.5MPa, specifically 0.5MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.8MPa, 0.9MPa, 1MPa, 1.1MPa, 1.2MPa, 1.3MPa, 1.4MPa or 1.5MPa; the temperature of the hot pressing is preferably 100~150℃, specifically 100℃, 105℃, 110℃, 115℃, 120℃, 125℃, 130℃, 135℃, 140℃, 145℃ or 150℃; the time of the hot pressing is preferably 30~60min, specifically 30min, 35min, 40min, 45min, 50min, 55min or 60min.

[0048] For clarity, the following examples will be used to provide a detailed description.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] Preparation of graphene-based photovoltaic glass:

[0051] 1) Dispersion process: Graphene (particle size 5~10nm) was selected as the carbon material and dispersed in NMP solvent. It was treated with ultrasonic power of 800W for 40min to obtain a suspension with a concentration of 15mg / mL.

[0052] 2) Blending process: Epoxy resin (E-51) was selected as the polymer matrix material and KH-550 was selected as the coupling agent. Based on the total mass of carbon material, coupling agent and polymer matrix material as 100%, and with the mass ratio of carbon material as 0.8% and coupling agent as 0.3%, the above suspension, coupling agent, polymer matrix material and appropriate amount of NMP solvent were mixed and stirred at high speed at 3000 r / min for 60 min to obtain the casting solution.

[0053] 3) Casting and curing: The above casting liquid is applied to a PET substrate, pre-baked at 80°C for 2 hours, and then cured at 120°C for 3 hours; the cured film is peeled off from the PET substrate to obtain a carbon-containing electrothermal layer material with a thickness of 120μm.

[0054] 4) Hot-pressing composite:

[0055] Two laminated glass sheets of the same size (2mm float glass / 1.52mm PVB / 2mm float glass) were selected as the first and second substrate glass sheets. They were stacked in the order of "first substrate glass-heating layer-second substrate glass" and hot-pressed at 140℃ and 0.8MPa for 40 minutes to obtain a multilayer composite glass sheet.

[0056] 5) Install the sensor:

[0057] By installing conventional photosensors and temperature sensors (photosensor sensitivity 0.1 lux, temperature sensor accuracy ±0.5℃, remote response delay ≤2s) on the above multilayer composite glass plate, graphene-based photovoltaic glass is obtained.

[0058] The photovoltaic glass prepared in this embodiment was subjected to performance testing, and the testing method is as follows:

[0059] ① Maximum surface temperature: The photovoltaic glass is integrated into the analog component circuit. The rated operating voltage of 220V is applied to the electrothermal layer of the photovoltaic glass. It is continuously operated at room temperature (25±5℃). Thermocouples (accuracy ±1℃) are attached to key areas (center and edge) of the glass surface to collect temperature data in real time and record the highest value.

[0060] ② Heating rate: Place the sample in a high and low temperature test chamber, first stabilize the temperature inside the chamber at -20℃ and maintain it for 30 minutes, then start the heating program (apply the rated working voltage of 220V to the heating layer), and control the test chamber to heat up to 5℃ at a stable rate; record the temperature change synchronously through the temperature sensor inside the chamber and the thermocouple on the glass surface, and calculate the average rate of the heating stage.

[0061] ③ Defrosting time (1mm frost layer): In a low-temperature environment chamber (temperature -5±2℃, humidity 60±10% RH), a uniform 1mm thick frost layer is prepared on the glass surface by spray-freezing method; then the heating program is started (the rated working voltage of 220V is applied to the heating layer), and the time when the frost layer completely melts (without residual ice crystals) is recorded using a high-speed camera and timer.

[0062] ④ Lifespan simulation: The sample was placed in a comprehensive environmental test chamber and subjected to cyclic humid heat (85℃ / 85% RH) and ultraviolet irradiation (340nm band, irradiance 0.5W / m). 2Temperature cycling (-40℃~85℃) for a cumulative test duration of 15,000 hours; samples were taken out at fixed intervals (1,000 hours) and tested under standard conditions (AM1.5, 25℃, 1000W / m). 2 The power attenuation was detected under these conditions.

[0063] The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0064] Table 1 Performance test data of photovoltaic glass in Example 1

[0065]

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Preparation of graphite / carbon black composite photovoltaic glass (low-cost type):

[0068] 1) Dispersion process: Graphite (particle size 20μm) and carbon black (particle size 50nm) with a mass ratio of 1:1 were selected as carbon materials and dispersed in acetone solvent. The mixture was treated with ultrasonic power of 500W for 30min to obtain a suspension with a concentration of 20mg / mL.

[0069] 2) Blending process: Polyurethane resin (thermosetting polyurethane resin, Covestro Baydur® A2058 series) was selected as the polymer matrix material, and KH-560 was selected as the coupling agent. Based on the total mass of carbon material, coupling agent and polymer matrix material as 100%, and according to the mass ratio of carbon material as 1.2% and the mass ratio of coupling agent as 0.2%, the above suspension, coupling agent, polymer matrix material and appropriate amount of acetone solvent were mixed and stirred at high speed at 2000 r / min for 30 min to obtain the casting solution.

[0070] 3) Casting and curing: The above casting liquid is applied to a PET substrate, baked at 70°C for 3 hours, and then naturally cooled and cured; the cured film layer is peeled off from the PET substrate to obtain a carbon-containing electrothermal layer material with a thickness of 150μm.

[0071] 4) Hot-pressing composite:

[0072] Two laminated glass sheets of the same size (2mm semi-tempered glass / 1.52mm PVB / 2mm semi-tempered glass) were selected as the first and second substrate glass sheets. They were stacked in the order of "first substrate glass - electric heating layer - second substrate glass" and hot-pressed at 120℃ and 0.6MPa for 50 minutes to obtain a multilayer composite glass sheet.

[0073] 5) Install the sensor:

[0074] By installing a general-purpose photosensitive sensor and a temperature sensor (remote response delay ≤ 5s, cost reduced by 30% compared to Example 1) on the above-mentioned multilayer composite glass plate, a graphite / carbon black composite photovoltaic glass is obtained.

[0075] The photovoltaic glass prepared in this embodiment was subjected to performance testing, and the testing method is as follows:

[0076] ① Surface temperature uniformity: Integrate the photovoltaic glass into the analog module circuit, apply the rated operating voltage of 220V to the electrothermal layer of the photovoltaic glass, and place it in a room temperature environment (25±5℃); select 5 test points (center and four corners) evenly on the glass surface, and attach a high-precision thermocouple (accuracy ±0.5℃) to each point; run continuously until the temperature stabilizes (usually 30~60min), record the temperature values ​​at each point, and calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​(i.e., uniformity).

[0077] ② Heating rate: Place the sample in a high and low temperature test chamber, first stabilize the temperature inside the chamber at -20℃ and maintain it for 30 minutes, then start the heating program (apply the rated working voltage of 220V to the heating layer), and control the test chamber to heat up to 5℃ at a stable rate; record the temperature change synchronously through the temperature sensor inside the chamber and the thermocouple on the glass surface, and calculate the average rate of the heating stage.

[0078] ③ Defrosting time (1mm frost layer): In a low-temperature environment chamber (temperature -5±2℃, humidity 60±10% RH), a uniform 1mm thick frost layer is prepared on the glass surface by spray-freezing method; then the heating program is started (the rated working voltage of 220V is applied to the heating layer), and the time when the frost layer completely melts (without residual ice crystals) is recorded using a high-speed camera and timer.

[0079] The test results are shown in Table 2:

[0080] Table 2 Performance test data of photovoltaic glass in Example 2

[0081]

[0082] Example 3

[0083] Preparation of graphene / carbon nanotube composite photovoltaic glass (uniform type):

[0084] 1) Dispersion process: Graphene (particle size 8~12nm) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (diameter 10nm, aspect ratio 400:1) with a mass ratio of 2:1 were selected as carbon materials and dispersed in a mixed solvent of NMP and water (volume ratio 1:1). The mixture was treated with ultrasonic power of 700W for 50min to obtain a suspension with a concentration of 12mg / mL.

[0085] 2) Blending process: Epoxy resin (E-44) and phenolic resin (manufacturer: Aladdin, item number: P195710, CAS number: 9003-35-4) with a mass ratio of 3:1 were selected as the polymer matrix material, and KH-570 was selected as the coupling agent. Based on the total mass of carbon material, coupling agent and polymer matrix material as 100%, and according to the mass ratio of carbon material as 0.6% and the mass ratio of coupling agent as 0.25%, the above suspension, coupling agent, polymer matrix material and appropriate amount of NMP and water (volume ratio 1:1) were mixed and stirred at high speed at 2800 r / min for 50 min to obtain the casting solution.

[0086] 3) Casting and curing: The above casting liquid is applied to a PET substrate, pre-baked at 90°C for 1.5 hours, and then cured at 130°C for 2.5 hours; the cured film is peeled off from the PET substrate to obtain a carbon-containing electrothermal layer material with a thickness of 100 μm.

[0087] 4) Hot-pressing composite:

[0088] Two laminated glass sheets of the same size (2.5mm ultra-clear tempered glass / 1.52mm PVB / 2.5mm ultra-clear tempered glass) were selected as the first and second substrate glass sheets, and stacked in the order of "first substrate glass-heating layer-second substrate glass". They were hot-pressed at 135℃ and 0.9MPa for 35 minutes to obtain a multi-layer composite glass sheet.

[0089] 5) Install the sensor:

[0090] A high-precision photosensitive sensor and a temperature sensor (photosensitive sensor sensitivity 0.08 lux, temperature sensor accuracy ±0.3℃, remote response delay ≤1.5s) are installed on the above multilayer composite glass plate to obtain graphene / carbon nanotube composite photovoltaic glass.

[0091] The photovoltaic glass prepared in this embodiment was subjected to performance testing, and the testing method is as follows:

[0092] ① Maximum surface temperature: The photovoltaic glass is integrated into the analog component circuit. The rated operating voltage of 220V is applied to the electrothermal layer of the photovoltaic glass. It is continuously operated at room temperature (25±5℃). Thermocouples (accuracy ±1℃) are attached to key areas (center and edge) of the glass surface to collect temperature data in real time and record the highest value.

[0093] ② Surface power density: Integrate photovoltaic glass into the analog module circuit, keep the photovoltaic glass operating at the rated voltage of 220V, and stabilize its surface temperature at 60℃ through a temperature control system; measure the effective heating area of ​​the glass (calculated according to the actual working area); measure the input power of the circuit with a power meter, and calculate it using the formula: Surface power density = Input power of effective heating area ÷ Effective heating area.

[0094] ③ Heating rate: Place the sample in a high and low temperature test chamber, first stabilize the temperature inside the chamber at -20℃ and maintain it for 30 minutes, then start the heating program (apply the rated working voltage of 220V to the heating layer), and control the test chamber to heat up to 5℃ at a stable rate; record the temperature change synchronously through the temperature sensor inside the chamber and the thermocouple on the glass surface, and calculate the average rate of the heating stage.

[0095] ④ Defrosting time (1mm frost layer): In a low-temperature environment chamber (temperature -5±2℃, humidity 60±10% RH), a uniform 1mm thick frost layer is prepared on the glass surface by spray-freezing method; then the heating program is started (the rated working voltage of 220V is applied to the heating layer), and the time when the frost layer completely melts (without residual ice crystals) is recorded using a high-speed camera and timer.

[0096] The test results are shown in Table 3:

[0097] Table 3 Performance test data of photovoltaic glass in Example 3

[0098]

[0099] Example 4

[0100] Preparation of expanded graphite-based photovoltaic glass (high wear-resistant type):

[0101] 1) Dispersion process: Expanded graphite (particle size 50μm, expansion ratio 300 times) was selected as the carbon material and dispersed in a mixed solvent of acetone and ethanol (volume ratio 2:1). The mixture was treated with ultrasonic power of 550W for 45min to obtain a suspension with a concentration of 18mg / mL.

[0102] 2) Blending process: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, manufacturer: Aladdin, item number: P766356-25EA) was selected as the polymer matrix material, and KH-590 was selected as the coupling agent. Based on the total mass of carbon material, coupling agent and polymer matrix material as 100%, and according to the mass ratio of carbon material as 1.0% and the mass ratio of coupling agent as 0.4%, the above suspension, coupling agent, polymer matrix material and appropriate amount of acetone and ethanol (volume ratio 2:1) mixed solvent were mixed and stirred at high speed at 2200 r / min for 55 min to obtain the casting solution.

[0103] 3) Casting and curing: The above casting liquid is applied to the fluoroplastic substrate and then placed in an oven. The initial temperature of the oven is 85℃, and the temperature is increased to 120℃ at a heating rate of 15℃ / h. The temperature is maintained and cured for 4h. The cured film is peeled off from the fluoroplastic substrate to obtain a carbon-containing electrothermal layer material with a thickness of 140μm.

[0104] 4) Hot-pressing composite:

[0105] Two laminated glass sheets of the same size (3mm wear-resistant tempered glass / 1.14mm PVB / 3mm wear-resistant tempered glass) were selected as the first and second substrate glass sheets. They were stacked in the order of "first substrate glass - electric heating layer - second substrate glass" and hot-pressed at 145℃ and 1.1MPa for 45 minutes to obtain a multi-layer composite glass sheet.

[0106] 5) Install the sensor:

[0107] By installing industrial-grade photosensors and temperature sensors (remote response delay ≤ 4s) on the above-mentioned multilayer composite glass plate, expanded graphite-based photovoltaic glass is obtained.

[0108] The photovoltaic glass prepared in this embodiment was subjected to performance testing, and the testing method is as follows:

[0109] ① Heating rate: Place the sample in a high and low temperature test chamber, first stabilize the temperature inside the chamber at -20℃ and maintain it for 30 minutes, then start the heating program (apply the rated working voltage of 220V to the heating layer), and control the test chamber to heat up to 5℃ at a stable rate; record the temperature change synchronously through the temperature sensor inside the chamber and the thermocouple on the glass surface, and calculate the average rate of the heating stage.

[0110] ② Surface temperature uniformity: Integrate the photovoltaic glass into the analog module circuit, apply the rated operating voltage of 220V to the electrothermal layer of the photovoltaic glass, and place it in a room temperature environment (25±5℃); select 5 test points (center and four corners) evenly on the glass surface, and attach a high-precision thermocouple (accuracy ±0.5℃) to each point; run continuously until the temperature stabilizes (usually 30~60min), record the temperature values ​​at each point, and calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​(i.e., uniformity).

[0111] ③ Defrosting time (1mm frost layer): In a low-temperature environment chamber (temperature -5±2℃, humidity 60±10% RH), a uniform 1mm thick frost layer is prepared on the glass surface by spray-freezing method; then the heating program is started (the rated working voltage of 220V is applied to the heating layer), and the time when the frost layer completely melts (without residual ice crystals) is recorded using a high-speed camera and timer.

[0112] ④ Abrasion resistance (falling sand method): Refer to "GB / T 1768-2006 Determination of abrasion resistance of paints and varnishes - Falling sand method", adapted to the test scenario of abrasion resistance of glass surfaces.

[0113] The test results are shown in Table 4:

[0114] Table 4 Performance test data of photovoltaic glass in Example 4

[0115]

[0116] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic glass with snow removal function, characterized in that, It includes a first substrate glass, an electrothermal layer, and a second substrate glass, which are stacked sequentially; the electrothermal layer contains carbon material, a coupling agent, and a polymer matrix material; The photovoltaic glass is also equipped with a photosensor and a temperature sensor.

2. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon material is one or more of graphene, graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and expanded graphite.

3. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 2, characterized in that, The graphene has a particle size of 3-15 nm; the graphite has a particle size of 10-30 μm; the carbon black has a particle size of 40-60 nm; the carbon nanotubes have a diameter of 5-20 nm and an aspect ratio of (200-600):1; the expanded graphite has a particle size of 40-60 μm and an expansion factor of 200-400 times.

4. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon material content in the heating layer is 0.5~1.5wt%.

5. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling agent is one or more of the following brands: KH-550, KH-560, KH-570, and KH-590.

6. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling agent has a content of 0.1~0.5wt% in the electrothermal layer.

7. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polymer matrix material is one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenolic resin, and polyvinylidene fluoride.

8. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the electrothermal layer is 50~200μm.

9. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A rolling coating device for coating the surface of photovoltaic glass.

10. A method for preparing photovoltaic glass with snow removal function according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Carbon materials, coupling agents, and polymer matrix materials are mixed in a solvent to obtain a casting solution; The casting liquid is cast into a film and then cured to obtain an electrothermal layer material. The first substrate glass, the electrothermal layer, and the second substrate glass are sequentially stacked and hot-pressed to obtain a multilayer composite glass plate; A photosensitive sensor and a temperature sensor are installed on the multilayer composite glass plate to obtain photovoltaic glass with snow removal function.

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