Taekwondo athlete injury early warning management method and system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of injury early warning, in particular to a taekwondo athlete injury early warning management method and system, the steps comprising: acquiring the transient chest wall stress wave signals collected by the inner side sensor array of the uniform, the absolute time stamp information of each time of being hit and the baseline systolic pressure data; calculating the time interval of two consecutive times of being hit according to the absolute time stamp information and determining the correction coefficient of the frequency of being hit per unit time; performing time domain square root integral processing on the transient chest wall stress wave signals to obtain residual stress wave characteristic energy values; based on the energy values, the correction coefficient of the frequency and the baseline systolic pressure data, using the tissue fatigue accumulation model to dynamically superimpose and solve to generate the time domain strain cumulative damage factor; comparing and judging it with the preset safety damage threshold in real time; if greater than or equal to the threshold, generating the chest wall occult injury early warning instruction and sending it to the coach terminal for visual early warning. The present application realizes the chest wall occult fatigue damage accumulation quantification and individualized accurate early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of injury and illness early warning technology, specifically to a method and system for early warning management of injuries and illnesses for Taekwondo athletes. Background Technology

[0002] With the integration of wearable sensing technology and sports medicine, real-time monitoring of athletes' impact states using sensors in combat sports has become an important means of preventing sports injuries. Current mainstream solutions involve embedding piezoelectric sensors or accelerometers in protective gear to collect peak pressure and acceleration data at the moment of impact, and then setting an absolute safety force threshold based on this data. When the force of a single impact exceeds the limit, an acute injury warning is triggered.

[0003] In the field of Taekwondo, electronic protective gear technology is already widespread. Existing systems mainly rely on arrays of electromagnetic induction or piezoresistive sensors placed on the surface of the chest protector to capture the absolute impact force of an opponent's kick, and use this as the scoring basis of the electronic referee system and a single indicator for injury warning. When the force of a single impact exceeds a preset safety threshold, the system triggers a red-line warning for acute fractures or internal organ damage.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies have significant limitations when facing the high-frequency, continuous combat scenarios of Taekwondo. Taekwondo techniques such as the side kick and back kick are characterized by high-frequency, continuous strikes. The surface force value of a single kick, after being cushioned by protective gear, often does not reach the acute injury threshold, but the transient stress wave generated by the high-frequency impact can penetrate subcutaneous tissue and propagate into the chest wall. Existing systems only focus on measuring the external surface force value and cannot calculate the attenuation evolution and transmission patterns of the impact stress wave within the rib shaft, pleura, and deep soft tissues. Furthermore, they lack coupled modeling of the time-domain integration of residual stress waves after penetrating the cushioning layer and the cumulative damage from material fatigue mechanics. This results in a monitoring blind spot for internal, hidden micro-trauma caused by frequent, moderate-intensity strikes, making it difficult to meet the athlete's need for precise early warning of deep chest wall health. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method and system for early warning and management of Taekwondo athletes' injuries, which can effectively solve the problems mentioned in the existing technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a method for early warning and management of injuries to Taekwondo athletes, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S100: Acquire transient chest wall stress wave signals collected by a sensor array deployed inside the uniform, and acquire absolute timestamp information and baseline contractile pressure data corresponding to each impact event;

[0009] S200. Calculate the time interval between two consecutive hit events based on the absolute timestamp information, and determine the frequency correction coefficient per unit time based on the time interval.

[0010] S300. Perform time-domain square root integration on the transient chest wall stress wave signal to obtain the residual stress wave characteristic energy value.

[0011] S400. Based on the residual stress wave characteristic energy value, the unit time impact frequency correction coefficient, and the baseline contraction pressure data, a preset tissue fatigue accumulation model is used to perform dynamic superposition calculation to generate a time-domain strain accumulation damage factor.

[0012] S500: The time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is compared and judged in real time with the preset safety damage threshold stored in the system.

[0013] S600. If the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is greater than or equal to the preset safety damage threshold, a corresponding chest wall hidden injury warning instruction is generated, and the chest wall hidden injury warning instruction is sent to the configured coach terminal for visual warning.

[0014] Furthermore, the step of performing time-domain square root integration on the transient chest wall stress wave signal to obtain the residual stress wave characteristic energy value includes:

[0015] Identify the waveform characteristics of the transient chest wall stress wave signal and extract the time-domain waveform data from the start time of the impact to the end time of the impact.

[0016] The characteristic energy value of the residual stress wave is calculated using the following energy integration formula:

[0017] ;

[0018] in, The characteristic energy value of residual stress wave; This is a transient chest wall stress wave signal; The initial moment triggered by the attack; The moment the attack ended; This represents the response time corresponding to the time-domain waveform data.

[0019] Furthermore, the step of calculating the time interval between two consecutive hit events based on the absolute timestamp information, and determining the hit frequency correction coefficient per unit time based on the time interval, includes:

[0020] The current attack time interval is obtained by subtracting the absolute timestamp of the current attack event from the absolute timestamp of the immediately preceding attack event.

[0021] The current impact time interval is compared with the system's built-in critical time window. If the current impact time interval is less than the critical time window, the impact frequency correction coefficient per unit time, which is greater than a preset benchmark value, is calculated based on the reciprocal of the impact time interval.

[0022] Furthermore, based on the residual stress wave characteristic energy value, the impact frequency correction coefficient per unit time, and the baseline contraction pressure data, a time-domain strain accumulation damage factor is generated by dynamically superimposing and solving a preset tissue fatigue accumulation model, including:

[0023] The current defensive tension of the athlete's main muscle groups is calculated based on the baseline contraction pressure data, and the current defensive tension is converted into a corresponding stress transmission weighting factor through the system's preset pressure mapping function.

[0024] The time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is calculated using the following fatigue superposition formula:

[0025] ;

[0026] in, The time-domain strain accumulation damage factor; This refers to the sequence number of the impact event within the current motion cycle; The total number of hits during the current movement cycle; For the first The characteristic energy value of the residual stress wave corresponding to the secondary impact event; For the first The correction coefficient for the frequency of attacks per unit time corresponding to the second attack event; For the first The baseline systolic pressure data corresponding to the secondary impact event; This is a pressure mapping function used to output the stress transmission weighting factor; This is the preset fatigue characteristic index constant for chest wall tissue in the system.

[0027] Furthermore, the preset safety damage threshold is determined in the following way:

[0028] Obtain the historical physiological baseline dataset of the target athlete and extract the bone mineral density index and chest wall soft tissue thickness parameter from it;

[0029] The preset safe injury threshold, which is specific to the individual characteristics of the target athlete, is dynamically calculated using the following threshold mapping formula:

[0030] ;

[0031] in, To preset a safety damage threshold; Bone mineral density index; This refers to the thickness parameter of the chest wall soft tissue. A sports correction factor set based on the target athlete's historical impact tolerance record; The preset dimension conversion constants for the system.

[0032] Furthermore, the generation of the corresponding early warning instruction for occult chest wall injuries includes:

[0033] If the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is within the first preset value range, a first-level warning instruction is generated, which includes a rib fatigue fracture risk indicator and a defensive tactic adjustment suggestion.

[0034] If the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is within a second preset value range that is higher than the first preset value range, a second-level warning instruction is generated, which includes a risk indicator of deep pleural aseptic inflammation and a stop-resistance instruction.

[0035] A Taekwondo athlete injury early warning management system includes:

[0036] The data acquisition module is used to acquire transient chest wall stress wave signals collected by the sensor array deployed inside the uniform, and to acquire absolute timestamp information and baseline systolic pressure data corresponding to each impact event.

[0037] The frequency calculation module is used to calculate the time interval between two consecutive hit events based on the absolute timestamp information, and to determine the frequency correction coefficient per unit time based on the time interval.

[0038] The energy integration module is used to perform time-domain square root integration on the transient chest wall stress wave signal to obtain the residual stress wave characteristic energy value.

[0039] The damage calculation module is used to dynamically superimpose and calculate the time-domain strain accumulation damage factor based on the residual stress wave characteristic energy value, the unit time impact frequency correction coefficient, and the baseline contraction pressure data using a preset tissue fatigue accumulation model.

[0040] The comparison and judgment module is used to compare and judge the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor with the preset safety damage threshold stored in the system in real time.

[0041] The early warning execution module is used to generate a corresponding early warning instruction for occult chest wall injuries when the cumulative damage factor of the time-domain strain is greater than or equal to the preset safe damage threshold, and to send the early warning instruction for occult chest wall injuries to the configured coach terminal for visual early warning.

[0042] Furthermore, the data acquisition module includes a flexible piezoelectric film sensor and a micro pressure sensor; the flexible piezoelectric film sensor is arrayed in the inner lining of the front chest of the uniform and is used to acquire the transient chest wall stress wave signal at the location close to the chest wall; the micro pressure sensor is attached to the surface of the main muscle groups on the side of the chest and is used to acquire the baseline contraction pressure data.

[0043] Furthermore, the damage calculation module is equipped with a tissue fatigue characteristic analysis unit; the tissue fatigue characteristic analysis unit, based on the tissue fatigue accumulation model, introduces the chest wall bone net force transformation function inverted from the baseline contraction pressure data, and performs nonlinear time-domain superposition of the residual stress wave characteristic energy values.

[0044] Furthermore, the system also includes a central storage module, which stores a specific threshold comparison table containing different Taekwondo athlete identity tags, used to dynamically configure the preset safety injury threshold that matches the identity of the currently monitored athlete to the comparison and judgment module in real time.

[0045] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the known prior art:

[0046] This invention overcomes the limitation of existing technologies that only monitor the single peak impact force on the protective gear surface by collecting transient chest wall stress wave signals after penetrating the protective gear's buffer layer and performing time-domain square root integral processing to obtain the residual stress wave characteristic energy value. By introducing a unit-time impact frequency correction coefficient and a stress transmission weighting factor converted from baseline contraction pressure data, a tissue fatigue accumulation model is used to perform nonlinear time-domain superposition calculations on multi-dimensional parameters, generating a time-domain strain accumulation damage factor. This factor can accurately reflect the hidden cumulative damage state of chest wall stress waves under high-frequency continuous striking scenarios in Taekwondo, thus providing early warning of hidden injury risks such as rib fatigue fractures and deep pleural aseptic inflammation, which are undetectable by existing technologies. This represents a leap from acute single-impact threshold alarms to dynamic monitoring of cumulative damage.

[0047] This invention dynamically calculates an individual-specific preset safe injury threshold based on the target athlete's bone mineral density, chest wall soft tissue thickness, and historical impact tolerance records. This individualized mechanism ensures that athletes with different bone mineral densities, body types, and training backgrounds can obtain a safe warning boundary that matches their actual physiological tolerance, avoiding the over-warning or under-warning problems caused by the uniform fixed thresholds in existing technologies, and improving the training scenario applicability of the warning system. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0053] Example:

[0054] Reference Figure 1 This invention relates to a method for early warning and management of injuries in Taekwondo athletes, applicable to Taekwondo sparring or competitive scenarios. It utilizes a sensor array deployed inside the uniform to collect real-time chest wall biomechanical response data, and combines this with a tissue fatigue accumulation model to dynamically calculate and provide early warnings for hidden injuries under high-frequency impact scenarios.

[0055] S100: Acquire transient chest wall stress wave signals collected by a sensor array deployed inside the uniform, and acquire absolute timestamp information and baseline contraction pressure data corresponding to each impact event.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, the sensor array includes flexible piezoelectric thin-film sensors and miniature pressure sensors. The flexible piezoelectric thin-film sensors are arrayed within the inner lining of the front chest of the taekwondo uniform, closely adhering to the athlete's chest wall surface, and are used to collect transient chest wall stress wave signals that penetrate the physical buffer layer of the protective gear and act on the human chest wall after an opponent's kick. The miniature pressure sensors are attached to the surface of the major chest muscles (such as the serratus anterior and the lateral border of the pectoralis major) and are used to collect baseline contractile pressure data of the athlete's major muscle groups in real time during a preset time window before impact (such as a steady-state sampling period within 200 milliseconds before impact) and during impact.

[0057] The system uses miniature data processing units deployed within the uniform to assign an absolute timestamp to each detected impact event. This timestamp is generated by the system's real-time clock when the impact trigger is determined, with a time accuracy of at least milliseconds, ensuring a consistent time reference for subsequent time-series analysis. Baseline contractile pressure data reflects the athlete's postural tension at the moment of impact and is a crucial input for assessing the transmission of stress waves between the chest wall bones and soft tissues.

[0058] S200. Calculate the time interval between two consecutive hit events based on the absolute timestamp information, and determine the frequency correction coefficient per unit time based on the time interval.

[0059] In one specific embodiment, the system reads the absolute timestamp of the current impact event and calculates the difference between it and the absolute timestamp of the immediately preceding impact event to obtain the current impact time interval. Then, the impact time interval is compared with a built-in critical time window. The critical time window is set based on the high-frequency continuous combat characteristics of Taekwondo and the stress relaxation half-cycle of the human chest wall soft tissue after a typical impact. In this embodiment, it can be set to 3 to 5 seconds and can be dynamically adjusted according to the training mode (such as sparring, light contact sparring, or poomsae training) through the system configuration interface. If the current impact time interval is less than the critical time window, it indicates that the athlete has suffered continuous blows in a short period, and the internal chest wall tissue has not yet completed the stress relaxation and micro-damage repair of the previous impact. In this case, the system calculates a unit-time impact frequency correction coefficient greater than a preset benchmark value based on the reciprocal of the impact time interval.

[0060] Specifically, the impact frequency correction coefficient per unit time increases monotonically as the impact time interval decreases. Its calculation logic is to superimpose a weighted increment proportional to the reciprocal of the impact time interval on a preset baseline value to quantify the accelerated cumulative effect of tissue fatigue under high-frequency impact scenarios. If the impact time interval is greater than or equal to the critical time window, the impact frequency correction coefficient per unit time is taken as the preset baseline value (e.g., 1.0), indicating that the impact of the previous impact has been sufficiently attenuated.

[0061] S300. Perform time-domain square root integration on the transient chest wall stress wave signal to obtain the residual stress wave characteristic energy value.

[0062] In one specific embodiment, the system first identifies the waveform characteristics of the transient chest wall stress wave signal. Using a preset trigger threshold or a signal slope abrupt change detection method, it automatically extracts the effective time-domain waveform data between the start and end times of the impact. The start time of the impact is defined as the moment when the signal amplitude first exceeds the resting baseline noise threshold; the end time of the impact is defined as the moment when the signal amplitude decays back to below the resting baseline noise threshold (e.g., 3 times the root mean square noise of the resting period) and remains stable for more than a preset duration (e.g., 50 milliseconds). Subsequently, the transient chest wall stress wave signal undergoes time-domain square root integration. The calculation essentially involves the time-domain integration of the square of the transient chest wall stress wave signal amplitude within the impact period. The residual stress wave characteristic energy value is calculated using the following energy integration formula:

[0063] ;

[0064] in, The characteristic energy value of residual stress wave; This is a transient chest wall stress wave signal; The initial moment triggered by the attack; The moment the attack ended; This represents the response time corresponding to the time-domain waveform data. The physical significance of the integration operation lies in the fact that, unlike existing technologies that only focus on the single peak impact force on the surface of the protective gear, this step performs full-time energy integration on the transient stress wave acting on the chest wall after penetrating the buffer layer. This accurately characterizes the cumulative wave energy absorbed by the chest wall soft tissue and bones in actual combat, providing a core input for subsequent assessment of hidden fatigue damage.

[0065] S400, based on the residual stress wave characteristic energy value, the unit time impact frequency correction coefficient and the baseline contraction pressure data, uses a preset tissue fatigue accumulation model to perform dynamic superposition calculation to generate a time-domain strain accumulation damage factor.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, the current exercise cycle is first defined: the current exercise cycle refers to the continuous monitoring period from when the athlete enters the confrontation monitoring state (such as the start of a match round or the start of training monitoring) to the current moment, or a fixed statistical window set by the system (such as every 2 minutes is an exercise cycle); the hit events within the cycle are assigned the sequence number i according to the time sequence, the total number of hit events is n, and n increases in real time as new hit events are detected.

[0067] The system calculates the current defensive tension of the athlete's main muscle groups based on baseline contraction pressure data: the electrical signal output by the miniature pressure sensor is converted into a mechanical pressure value through a pre-calibrated pressure-voltage conversion relationship, and the mechanical pressure value is the quantitative representation of the current defensive tension. Subsequently, the current defensive tension is converted into a corresponding stress transmission weighting factor through a system-preset pressure mapping function.

[0068] The pressure mapping function was established through preliminary experiments. The process involved measuring the attenuation ratio and distribution of stress waves propagating from the chest wall surface to the ribs and deep soft tissues using a chest wall biomechanical testing platform or a chest wall finite element model constructed based on medical images under different baseline contraction pressure conditions. The baseline contraction pressure was then correlated with the measured stress transmission efficiency to obtain a mapping relationship with baseline contraction pressure as the independent variable and the stress transmission weighting factor as the dependent variable. The pressure mapping function is embedded in the system firmware in the form of an analytical expression, piecewise function, or numerical lookup table, and the output is a positive value. The physical significance is that the higher the athlete's defensive tension, the more the overall mechanical impedance characteristics of the chest wall change, the greater the chest wall stiffness, and the higher the efficiency of stress wave transmission to the bones. This leads to an increase in the stress transmission weighting factor, thereby modulating the equivalent damage contribution of a single impact at the bone level.

[0069] Furthermore, the system calculates the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor using the following fatigue superposition formula:

[0070] ;

[0071] in, The time-domain strain accumulation damage factor; This refers to the sequence number of the impact event within the current motion cycle; The total number of hits during the current movement cycle; For the first Characteristic energy values ​​of residual stress waves corresponding to the secondary impact event; For the first Correction factor for the frequency of attacks per unit time corresponding to each attack event; For the first Baseline systolic pressure data corresponding to the second impact event; This is a pressure mapping function used to output the first... Stress transmission weighting factor corresponding to the secondary impact event; The constant is a preset fatigue characteristic index of chest wall tissue. The constant is determined by the material fatigue mechanical properties of the chest wall bone-muscle-soft tissue composite structure, referring to the nonlinear cumulative damage law of the material SN curve, and by fitting the historical impact data of the target athlete with medical follow-up records through group calibration experiments or the historical impact data of the target athlete. In this embodiment, the value range is usually greater than 1 (e.g., 1.5 to 2.5), which is used to characterize the nonlinear accelerated superposition effect of multiple impact injuries.

[0072] The physical essence of the tissue fatigue accumulation model lies in treating the residual stress wave characteristic energy value generated by each impact event as a micro-damage loading on the chest wall tissue. After fatigue acceleration correction in the time dimension using a unit-time impact frequency correction coefficient, and biomechanical modulation in the muscle tension dimension using a stress transmission weighting factor, a nonlinear time-domain power superposition is performed to calculate the true strain accumulation damage state of the chest wall over time. This dynamic superposition calculation process fully considers the specific scenario of hidden micro-trauma accumulation caused by high-frequency, medium-intensity strikes in Taekwondo combat, overcoming the limitations of existing technologies that only compare single peak force values.

[0073] S500: The time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is compared and judged in real time with the preset safety damage threshold stored in the system.

[0074] In one specific embodiment, the preset safe injury threshold is not a fixed constant, but rather dynamically calculated based on the individual characteristics of the target athlete. The system acquires the target athlete's historical physiological baseline dataset and extracts the athlete's bone mineral density (BMD) and chest wall soft tissue thickness parameters from it. The BMD is obtained from the athlete's previous medical imaging data (such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); the chest wall soft tissue thickness parameters are obtained from ultrasound measurements or medical imaging tomography data. Further, combined with a motion correction coefficient set based on the target athlete's historical impact tolerance records, the preset safe injury threshold specific to the target athlete's individual characteristics is dynamically calculated using the following threshold mapping formula:

[0075] ;

[0076] in, To preset a safety damage threshold; Bone mineral density index; This refers to the thickness parameter of the chest wall soft tissue. The exercise correction factor is set based on the target athlete's historical impact tolerance record. This factor reflects the athlete's individualized tissue tolerance and damage repair capabilities demonstrated during long-term training. The method for setting the exercise correction factor is as follows: the system performs a retrospective analysis of the target athlete's past impact records in training and competition (including impact frequency, impact intensity distribution, and corresponding medical examination results). If the athlete does not exhibit radiographically visible bone fractures or signs of inflammation under a specific impact load, the factor is increased accordingly. The value is used to reduce threshold sensitivity; conversely, it reduces... The value, the sports correction factor, is manually set by the coach or team doctor in the system based on the athlete's historical impact tolerance record or confirmed after system-assisted analysis; The dimensional transformation constants preset for the system are determined through system dimensional standardization calibration, so that... and The consistent dimensions ensure the mathematical validity of the comparison and judgment. The individualized threshold mechanism ensures that athletes with different bone densities, body types, and training backgrounds can obtain safe warning boundaries that match their physiological characteristics.

[0077] S600 If the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is greater than or equal to the preset safe damage threshold, a corresponding chest wall hidden injury warning instruction is generated and sent to the configured coach terminal for visual warning.

[0078] In one specific embodiment, the system performs a graded judgment on the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor. The lower limit of the first preset numerical interval is a preset safe damage threshold. The upper limit is (in A system configuration coefficient greater than 1, such as 3) The lower limit of the second preset value range is the upper limit of the first preset value range, forming a continuous and non-overlapping progressive graded early warning system. The above boundary values ​​can be configured and adjusted in the system according to individual differences of athletes or training stages.

[0079] If the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is within the first preset numerical range (i.e., greater than or equal to) and less than If the risk of rib fatigue fracture is detected, a Level 1 warning instruction is generated, which includes a risk indicator of rib fatigue fracture and suggestions for adjusting defensive tactics. The Level 1 warning instruction is sent to the coach's terminal via a wireless communication link (such as Bluetooth, Low Energy Wide Area Network, or local Wi-Fi). The coach's terminal presents the warning to the coach in a multimodal manner, combining yellow highlighting on the interface, text pop-ups, prompts, and vibration feedback. The coach is advised to guide the athlete to adjust their defensive posture, reduce the frequency of chest wall exposure, or temporarily reduce the intensity of contact to prevent the continued accumulation of fatigue injury.

[0080] If the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is within the second preset value range (i.e., greater than or equal to the first preset value range), it means that the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is within the second preset value range, which is higher than the first preset value range. If the condition is detected, a Level 2 warning instruction will be generated, which includes a risk indicator of aseptic inflammation of the deep pleura and a stop-combat command. The Level 2 warning instruction will be presented on the coach's terminal in the form of a red warning on the interface, an emergency pop-up window, and a continuous alarm sound, requiring the coach to immediately terminate the current combat round or training segment, and forcing the athlete into the medical observation and recovery process to prevent the hidden injury from further deteriorating into an acute pathological state.

[0081] Reference Figure 2 A Taekwondo athlete injury early warning and management system, the system includes the following functional modules:

[0082] The data acquisition module is used to acquire transient chest wall stress wave signals collected by a sensor array deployed inside the taekwondo uniform, and to acquire absolute timestamp information and baseline contractile pressure data corresponding to each impact event. The data acquisition module includes flexible piezoelectric film sensors and miniature pressure sensors; the flexible piezoelectric film sensors are arrayed in the inner lining of the front chest of the taekwondo uniform to collect transient chest wall stress wave signals close to the chest wall; the miniature pressure sensors are attached to the surface of the main chest muscle groups to collect baseline contractile pressure data. The data acquisition module also includes a signal conditioning unit and a data buffer unit, used to filter, amplify, and convert the raw analog signals output by the sensors to digital, and to mark absolute timestamp information for each impact event.

[0083] The frequency calculation module is used to calculate the time interval between two consecutive hit events based on the absolute timestamp information output by the data acquisition module, and to determine the frequency correction coefficient per unit time based on the comparison result between the time interval and the system's built-in critical time window, according to the reciprocal of the time interval.

[0084] The energy integration module is used to receive the transient chest wall stress wave signal output by the data acquisition module, identify waveform characteristics, and extract time-domain waveform data from the start time of the impact to the end time of the impact. The residual stress wave characteristic energy value is obtained by time-domain square root integration.

[0085] The damage calculation module is used to dynamically superimpose and calculate the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor based on the residual stress wave characteristic energy value, the impact frequency correction coefficient per unit time, and the baseline contraction pressure data using a preset tissue fatigue accumulation model. The damage calculation module internally includes a tissue fatigue characteristic analysis unit; this unit, based on the tissue fatigue accumulation model, introduces the chest wall bone net force transformation function derived from the baseline contraction pressure data to perform nonlinear time-domain superposition of the residual stress wave characteristic energy values. Specifically, the net force transformation function and pressure mapping function of the chest wall skeleton are established based on the same set of chest wall biomechanical calibration data. The input is baseline contraction pressure data, and the output is a net force correction coefficient for the skeleton, reflecting the proportion of impact load actually borne by the chest wall skeleton under different muscle contraction states. The tissue fatigue characteristic analysis unit first calls the net force transformation function of the chest wall skeleton to convert the baseline contraction pressure data into a net force correction coefficient for the skeleton. This correction coefficient is then coupled with the residual stress wave characteristic energy value to obtain the equivalent energy load of the skeleton. Finally, the equivalent energy load of the skeleton and the impact frequency correction coefficient per unit time are substituted into the fatigue superposition formula for nonlinear time-domain superposition to generate a time-domain strain accumulation damage factor. The pressure mapping function is stored in the tissue fatigue characteristic analysis unit in the form of a numerical table or empirical formula.

[0086] The comparison and judgment module is used to compare and judge the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor generated by the damage calculation module with the preset safe damage threshold stored in the system in real time. The system also includes a central storage module, which stores a specific threshold lookup table containing different Taekwondo athlete identity tags. The identity tag is uniquely bound to the athlete's biometric information or the electronic tag built into the Taekwondo uniform. The specific threshold lookup table is indexed by the athlete's identity tag and stores individualized parameters such as the athlete's bone mineral density index, chest wall soft tissue thickness parameters, exercise correction coefficient, and chest wall tissue fatigue characteristic index constant. After the athlete puts on the uniform and completes identity verification, the comparison and judgment module retrieves the individualized parameters matching the athlete's identity from the central storage module in real time, dynamically configures the preset safe damage threshold matching the currently monitored athlete's identity, and loads it into the local cache of the comparison and judgment module for real-time comparison and retrieval within the current exercise cycle.

[0087] The early warning execution module generates a corresponding early warning command for occult chest wall injuries when the cumulative damage factor in the time domain is greater than or equal to a preset safe injury threshold. This command is then transmitted via wireless communication to a configured coach terminal for visual warning. The data structure of the early warning command includes the athlete's identity identifier, the current cumulative damage factor value in the time domain, the warning level code, the risk indicator text, and the corresponding tactical suggestion text or stop-combat instruction code. The coach terminal can be a smartphone, tablet, or dedicated monitoring terminal. Its visual interface displays the athlete's current cumulative impact status, the curve of the cumulative damage factor in the time domain, the current warning level, and the corresponding medical risk indicator and tactical suggestion information in real time. This is presented in a multimodal visual manner through color coding (yellow for level 1, red for level 2), pop-up text, sound prompts, and vibration feedback.

[0088] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for early warning and management of injuries to Taekwondo athletes, characterized by the following steps: include: S100: Acquire transient chest wall stress wave signals collected by a sensor array deployed inside the uniform, and acquire absolute timestamp information and baseline contractile pressure data corresponding to each impact event; S200. Calculate the time interval between two consecutive hit events based on the absolute timestamp information, and determine the frequency correction coefficient per unit time based on the time interval. S300. Perform time-domain square root integration on the transient chest wall stress wave signal to obtain the residual stress wave characteristic energy value. S400. Based on the residual stress wave characteristic energy value, the unit time impact frequency correction coefficient, and the baseline contraction pressure data, a preset tissue fatigue accumulation model is used to perform dynamic superposition calculation to generate a time-domain strain accumulation damage factor. S500: The time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is compared and judged in real time with the preset safety damage threshold stored in the system. S600. If the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is greater than or equal to the preset safety damage threshold, a corresponding chest wall hidden injury warning instruction is generated, and the chest wall hidden injury warning instruction is sent to the configured coach terminal for visual warning.

2. The method for early warning and management of injuries to Taekwondo athletes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing time-domain square root integration on the transient chest wall stress wave signal to obtain the residual stress wave characteristic energy value includes: Identify the waveform characteristics of the transient chest wall stress wave signal and extract the time-domain waveform data from the start time of the impact to the end time of the impact. The characteristic energy value of the residual stress wave is calculated using the following energy integration formula: ； in, The characteristic energy value of residual stress wave; This is a transient chest wall stress wave signal; The initial moment triggered by the attack; The moment the attack ended; This represents the response time corresponding to the time-domain waveform data.

3. The method for early warning and management of injuries to Taekwondo athletes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the time interval between two consecutive hit events based on the absolute timestamp information, and determining the hit frequency correction coefficient per unit time based on the time interval, includes: The current attack time interval is obtained by subtracting the absolute timestamp of the current attack event from the absolute timestamp of the immediately preceding attack event. The current impact time interval is compared with the system's built-in critical time window. If the current impact time interval is less than the critical time window, the impact frequency correction coefficient per unit time, which is greater than a preset benchmark value, is calculated based on the reciprocal of the impact time interval.

4. The method for early warning and management of Taekwondo athletes' injuries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method, based on the residual stress wave characteristic energy value, the impact frequency correction coefficient per unit time, and the baseline contraction pressure data, uses a preset tissue fatigue accumulation model to perform dynamic superposition calculations to generate a time-domain strain accumulation damage factor, including: The current defensive tension of the athlete's main muscle groups is calculated based on the baseline contraction pressure data, and the current defensive tension is converted into a corresponding stress transmission weighting factor through the system's preset pressure mapping function. The time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is calculated using the following fatigue superposition formula: ； in, The time-domain strain accumulation damage factor; This refers to the sequence number of the impact event within the current motion cycle; The total number of hits during the current movement cycle; For the first The characteristic energy value of the residual stress wave corresponding to the secondary impact event; For the first The correction coefficient for the frequency of attacks per unit time corresponding to the second attack event; For the first The baseline systolic pressure data corresponding to the secondary impact event; This is a pressure mapping function used to output the stress transmission weighting factor; This is the preset fatigue characteristic index constant for chest wall tissue in the system.

5. The method for early warning and management of injuries to Taekwondo athletes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset safety damage threshold is determined in the following way: Obtain the historical physiological baseline dataset of the target athlete and extract the bone mineral density index and chest wall soft tissue thickness parameter from it; The preset safe injury threshold, which is specific to the individual characteristics of the target athlete, is dynamically calculated using the following threshold mapping formula: ； in, To preset a safety damage threshold; Bone mineral density index; This refers to the thickness parameter of the chest wall soft tissue. A sports correction factor set based on the target athlete's historical impact tolerance record; The preset dimension conversion constants for the system.

6. The method for early warning and management of injuries to Taekwondo athletes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generation of the corresponding early warning instruction for occult chest wall injuries includes: If the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is within the first preset value range, a first-level warning instruction is generated, which includes a rib fatigue fracture risk indicator and a defensive tactic adjustment suggestion. If the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor is within a second preset value range that is higher than the first preset value range, a second-level warning instruction is generated, which includes a risk indicator of deep pleural aseptic inflammation and a stop-resistance instruction.

7. A Taekwondo athlete injury early warning management system, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire transient chest wall stress wave signals collected by the sensor array deployed inside the uniform, and to acquire absolute timestamp information and baseline systolic pressure data corresponding to each impact event. The frequency calculation module is used to calculate the time interval between two consecutive hit events based on the absolute timestamp information, and to determine the frequency correction coefficient per unit time based on the time interval. The energy integration module is used to perform time-domain square root integration on the transient chest wall stress wave signal to obtain the residual stress wave characteristic energy value. The damage calculation module is used to dynamically superimpose and calculate the time-domain strain accumulation damage factor based on the residual stress wave characteristic energy value, the unit time impact frequency correction coefficient, and the baseline contraction pressure data using a preset tissue fatigue accumulation model. The comparison and judgment module is used to compare and judge the time-domain strain cumulative damage factor with the preset safety damage threshold stored in the system in real time. The early warning execution module is used to generate a corresponding early warning instruction for occult chest wall injuries when the cumulative damage factor of the time-domain strain is greater than or equal to the preset safe damage threshold, and to send the early warning instruction for occult chest wall injuries to the configured coach terminal for visual early warning.

8. The Taekwondo athlete injury early warning management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes a flexible piezoelectric film sensor and a micro pressure sensor; the flexible piezoelectric film sensor is arranged in an array in the inner lining of the front chest of the uniform, and is used to collect the transient chest wall stress wave signal at the location close to the chest wall; the micro pressure sensor is attached to the surface of the main muscle groups on the side of the chest, and is used to collect the baseline contraction pressure data.

9. The Taekwondo athlete injury early warning management system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The damage calculation module is equipped with a tissue fatigue characteristic analysis unit; the tissue fatigue characteristic analysis unit is based on the tissue fatigue accumulation model, introduces the chest wall bone net force transformation function inverted from the baseline contraction pressure data, and performs nonlinear time-domain superposition of the residual stress wave characteristic energy values.

10. A Taekwondo athlete injury early warning management system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The system also includes a central storage module, which stores a specific threshold comparison table containing different Taekwondo athlete identity tags. This table is used to dynamically configure the preset safety injury threshold that matches the identity of the currently monitored athlete to the comparison and judgment module in real time.

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