Low-power wireless communication method, apparatus, device, and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a low-power-consumption wireless communication method, device, equipment and storage medium, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring running parameters of a terminal device and satellite motion information, determining link variation characteristics between the terminal and the satellite according to the satellite motion information; evaluating to-be-transmitted data according to the running parameters, determining a transmission state according to an evaluation result, configuring transmission power of the terminal device according to the transmission state and the link variation characteristics to perform data transmission; monitoring the transmission situation in the data transmission process, controlling the terminal device to directly switch to a sleep state when a preset exit condition is met, and switching the terminal device to the sleep state according to a state transition rule after the data transmission is completed when the preset exit condition is not met. The application performs adaptive power configuration by comprehensively considering the terminal running parameters and the link variation characteristics, effectively reduces the power consumption of the satellite communication terminal, and prolongs the equipment endurance time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data processing technology, and in particular to a low-power wireless communication method, apparatus, device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of satellite communication technology, low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems have been widely used in fields such as the Internet of Things and emergency communications due to their low latency and wide coverage. Especially in remote areas, oceans, deserts, and other scenarios where terrestrial communication networks cannot reach, satellite-enabled terminal equipment has become an important means of communication. However, satellite communication terminal equipment typically relies on battery power, making power consumption control a key issue limiting its application.

[0003] Existing satellite communication terminals typically employ fixed power configurations and transmission strategies during data transmission, failing to adaptively adjust to the actual operating status of the terminal equipment and dynamic changes in the satellite link. This results in the terminal equipment continuing to use high-power transmission modes when battery power is low or when transmitting non-critical data, causing unnecessary energy consumption, shortening the terminal equipment's battery life, and limiting the effectiveness of satellite communication systems in practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to solve the technical problem that existing satellite communication terminals fail to perform adaptive power control based on terminal operating status and dynamic changes in the link, resulting in excessive energy consumption. This invention provides a low-power wireless communication method, characterized in that the low-power wireless communication method includes: The system acquires the operating parameters of the terminal device and satellite motion information, and determines the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information. The data to be transmitted is evaluated based on the operating parameters, the transmission status is determined based on the evaluation results, and the transmit power of the terminal device is configured for data transmission based on the transmission status and the link change characteristics. During data transmission, the transmission status is monitored. When the preset exit conditions are met, the terminal device is controlled to switch directly to the sleep state. When the preset exit conditions are not met, the terminal device is switched to the sleep state according to the state transition rules after the data transmission is completed.

[0005] The present invention also provides a low-power wireless communication device, characterized in that the low-power wireless communication device comprises: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the terminal device and satellite motion information, and determine the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information. The power configuration module is used to evaluate the data to be transmitted according to the operating parameters, determine the transmission status according to the evaluation results, and configure the transmit power of the terminal device for data transmission according to the transmission status and the link change characteristics. The state switching module is used to monitor the transmission status during data transmission. When the preset exit conditions are met, the terminal device is controlled to switch directly to the sleep state. When the preset exit conditions are not met, the terminal device is switched to the sleep state according to the state transition rules after the data transmission is completed.

[0006] The present invention also provides a low-power wireless communication device, comprising: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions, and the memory and the at least one processor are interconnected via a line; the at least one processor invokes the instructions in the memory to cause the low-power wireless communication device to perform the steps of the low-power wireless communication method described above.

[0007] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the low-power wireless communication method described above.

[0008] The aforementioned low-power wireless communication method, apparatus, device, and storage medium acquire terminal device operating parameters and satellite motion information, determine the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information, evaluate the data to be transmitted based on the operating parameters, determine the transmission state based on the evaluation results, configure the terminal device's transmit power for data transmission based on the transmission state and link change characteristics, and monitor the transmission status during data transmission. When a preset exit condition is met, the terminal device is controlled to directly switch to a sleep state; when the preset exit condition is not met, the terminal device is switched to a sleep state according to a state transition rule after data transmission is completed. This invention effectively reduces the power consumption of satellite communication terminals and extends device battery life by comprehensively considering terminal operating parameters and link change characteristics for adaptive power configuration.

[0009] Beneficial Effects: By acquiring the terminal device's operating parameters and satellite motion information, and determining link change characteristics based on the satellite motion information, the system can simultaneously grasp the dynamic information of both the terminal's own state and the external link environment. Based on this, the system evaluates the data to be transmitted according to the operating parameters and determines the transmission state. Then, by combining the link change characteristics with the transmission power configuration, a two-dimensional joint optimization of terminal state and link conditions is achieved. This approach avoids the energy waste caused by fixed power configuration in existing technologies, ensuring that an appropriate transmission strategy can be selected under different operating states and link conditions. Furthermore, by monitoring the transmission status during data transmission and flexibly controlling sleep switching according to preset exit conditions, unnecessary waiting time is shortened, further reducing power consumption.

[0010] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained in accordance with the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0011] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the low-power wireless communication method in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the low-power wireless communication method in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a low-power wireless communication device according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a low-power wireless communication device according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, used in the embodiments of this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include other steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0015] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, a low-power wireless communication method disclosed in this invention will first be described in detail. For example... Figure 1 As shown, this method includes the following steps: 101. Obtain the operating parameters of the terminal device and satellite motion information, and determine the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information; In this embodiment, determining the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information includes: parsing the satellite motion information to obtain the satellite's position information and motion speed information; calculating the spatial relationship between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite's position information, the motion speed information, and the terminal device's position information to obtain distance parameters and elevation angle parameters; performing time derivative calculations on the distance parameters and the elevation angle parameters to obtain the distance change rate and the elevation angle change rate, and using the distance parameters, the elevation angle parameters, the distance change rate, and the elevation angle change rate as the link change characteristics.

[0016] Specifically, when conducting satellite communication, terminal devices need to simultaneously monitor their own operational status and external link environment information. Operational parameters reflect the terminal device's current working status, including battery level and service type parameters. Satellite motion information describes the satellite's orbital state, which the terminal device can obtain through ephemeris data, navigation messages, or ground control centers.

[0017] It should be noted that the link change characteristics in this embodiment differ from the static parameters in traditional link budgeting. Traditional methods typically configure power based on the link state at a single moment, which is reasonable in GEO geostationary orbit satellite scenarios. However, LEO satellites operate at high speeds, and parameters such as the distance and elevation angle between the terminal and the satellite change rapidly. Simply relying on the parameters at the current moment cannot accurately describe the evolution of the link. Therefore, this embodiment introduces the concept of link change characteristics, comprehensively characterizing the dynamic features of the link by calculating distance parameters, elevation angle parameters, and their rates of change.

[0018] In one embodiment, the satellite motion information is analyzed to obtain the satellite's position and velocity information. The satellite's position can be represented as a three-dimensional vector in a geocentric coordinate system, and the velocity can also be represented as a three-dimensional vector. If the orbital elements are obtained, the satellite's position and velocity at a certain moment can be calculated using Kepler's laws.

[0019] After obtaining the satellite's position and velocity information, and combining it with the terminal device's position information, the spatial relationship between the terminal and the satellite is calculated. The terminal's position can be obtained through GNSS positioning and converted into a coordinate system identical to the satellite's position.

[0020] The distance parameter is obtained by calculating the Euclidean distance between the satellite and the terminal's position vector. This parameter reflects the path length of electromagnetic wave propagation and is the basis for calculating free-space path loss. The elevation angle parameter is the angle between the satellite's direction and the ground plane when observing the satellite from the terminal. It needs to be calculated by projecting the satellite's position onto the terminal's local coordinate system. The magnitude of the elevation angle directly affects the signal's path through the atmosphere; at low elevation angles, the signal needs to pass through a thicker layer of atmosphere, resulting in more significant attenuation.

[0021] Distance and elevation parameters only describe the current link geometry and cannot reflect the link's changing trends. To predict future link quality evolution, this embodiment further performs time derivative calculations on these two parameters.

[0022] The distance change rate is obtained by differentiating the distance parameter over time. The distance change rate represents the rate at which the distance between the terminal and the satellite increases or decreases, and its calculation can be based on the projection of the relative velocity vector onto the distance direction. Specifically, the distance change rate is the dot product of the satellite's relative velocity vector to the terminal and the unit vector in the distance direction. When the distance change rate is positive, the satellite is moving away from the terminal, and the link path loss will increase; when it is negative, the satellite is approaching, and the link path loss will decrease. The larger the absolute value of the distance change rate, the more drastic the fluctuation in link quality.

[0023] Similarly, by differentiating the elevation angle parameter over time, we obtain the elevation angle change rate. The elevation angle change rate reflects the speed at which the satellite rises and falls relative to the ground. When the satellite rises above the horizon or is about to set, the elevation angle changes rapidly, the absolute value of the elevation angle change rate is large, the link geometry changes quickly, and the channel stability is poor. When the satellite moves near the zenith, the elevation angle change becomes more gradual, and the link is relatively stable. This difference in the rate of change needs to be addressed differently in subsequent power configurations.

[0024] Integrating distance, elevation angle, distance change rate, and elevation change rate together constitutes the link change characteristics. These four parameters describe the link status from different dimensions: distance and elevation angle describe the current geometric relationship, while the two change rates describe the rate of change of the geometric relationship. Based on these parameters, it is possible to predict the trend of link quality changes over a future period, thereby adjusting transmission strategies in advance, rather than passively responding to link changes that have already occurred.

[0025] 102. Evaluate the data to be transmitted according to the operating parameters, determine the transmission status according to the evaluation results, and configure the transmission power of the terminal device for data transmission according to the transmission status and the link change characteristics; In this embodiment, the transmission state includes an intermediate state and a standard state. The step of evaluating the data to be transmitted based on the operating parameters and determining the transmission state based on the evaluation results includes: parsing the operating parameters to obtain battery power parameters and service type parameters, and determining a data volume threshold based on the battery power parameters and historical transmission success rate; determining a service priority level based on the service type parameters, and evaluating the data volume and service attributes of the data to be transmitted based on the data volume threshold and the service priority level. When the data volume of the data to be transmitted is less than or equal to the data volume threshold, or the priority corresponding to the service attribute of the data to be transmitted is lower than the service priority level, the transmission state is determined to be an intermediate state; otherwise, the transmission state is determined to be a standard state.

[0026] Specifically, this embodiment divides the transmission state into two types: intermediate state and standard state. The intermediate state employs a simplified communication protocol, suitable for small data volumes or low-priority services, reducing power consumption by minimizing protocol overhead. The standard state employs a complete communication protocol to ensure transmission reliability, suitable for large data volumes or high-priority services. The essential difference between the two states lies not in the transmit power, but in the complexity of the communication protocol. The intermediate state reduces energy consumption by simplifying signaling interaction and lowering the control channel listening frequency, while the standard state maintains a complete radio resource control connection and data acknowledgment mechanism.

[0027] The operating parameters are analyzed to obtain battery level and service type parameters. The battery level parameter reflects the terminal device's current remaining energy, which can be expressed as a remaining percentage or remaining capacity. The service type parameter describes the service attributes of the data to be transmitted, such as sensor data reporting, location information updates, or real-time control commands. Different service types have different requirements for latency and reliability.

[0028] After obtaining the battery power parameters, a data volume threshold is determined based on the historical transmission success rate. This data volume threshold is a dynamically adjusted parameter, not a pre-fixed constant. The historical transmission success rate reflects the terminal's transmission quality over a past period, obtained by statistically analyzing the proportion of successful transmissions in the most recent few transmissions. When the historical transmission success rate is low, it indicates poor current link conditions or an inadequate terminal configuration. In this case, the data volume threshold should be lowered to allow more data to be transmitted in standard mode to improve the success rate. Conversely, when the historical transmission success rate is high, it indicates good current link quality, and the data volume threshold can be appropriately increased to allow more data to be transmitted in intermediate mode to conserve energy.

[0029] Specifically, the process of determining the data volume threshold includes: First, determining an initial data volume threshold based on battery power parameters. The lower the battery power, the smaller the initial threshold should be, to avoid transmission interruptions due to low battery. Then, comparing the historical transmission success rate with the target success rate. The target success rate is a preset expected value of the system, representing an acceptable level of transmission quality. If the historical transmission success rate is lower than the target success rate, it indicates that the current transmission strategy is too aggressive, and the initial data volume threshold needs to be lowered. The lowered threshold will cause more data to be judged as "large data volume," thus triggering standard state transmission. Conversely, if the historical transmission success rate is higher than the target success rate, it indicates that the current strategy is too conservative, and the initial threshold can be raised to increase the frequency of using intermediate states.

[0030] It's important to note that threshold adjustment isn't a simple fixed-step increase or decrease; rather, it's adaptively adjusted based on actual transmission quality. When the historical success rate is lower than the target value, a larger adjustment step size is used to quickly lower the threshold. When the historical success rate is higher than the target value, the adjustment step size can be determined based on the average number of retransmissions. If the number of retransmissions is high, it indicates that although the transmission eventually succeeds, the quality is unstable; in this case, a smaller step size is used to slowly increase the threshold. This adaptive adjustment mechanism allows the system to continuously optimize the threshold setting based on actual transmission performance, gradually approaching the optimal energy efficiency balance point.

[0031] Simultaneously, the priority level of a service is determined based on the service type parameter. Service priority levels can be divided into several tiers, such as critical services, general services, and non-critical services. Critical services typically include emergency alarm information and real-time control commands; this type of data has extremely high requirements for transmission reliability and latency, and should be transmitted using standard state transmission as the priority. General services include routine sensor data reporting and status updates, and the state can be flexibly selected based on the data volume. Non-critical services include log recording and statistical information, which can tolerate longer latency and some packet loss, and are suitable for using intermediate states.

[0032] After obtaining the data volume threshold and business priority level, the data to be transmitted is evaluated. The evaluation process includes two dimensions: first, the data volume dimension, which compares the data volume of the data to be transmitted with the data volume threshold; and second, the business attribute dimension, which compares the priority corresponding to the business attributes of the data to be transmitted with the business priority level.

[0033] When the amount of data to be transmitted is less than or equal to a data volume threshold, the data is considered suitable for intermediate state transmission. Small data volume means short transmission time, allowing for rapid completion even with a simplified protocol, resulting in significant energy savings from reduced protocol overhead. Alternatively, if the priority of the service attribute corresponding to the data to be transmitted is lower than the service priority level, it indicates that the data is not critical and the reliability reduction caused by a simplified protocol can be tolerated; in this case, the transmission state is also determined to be intermediate.

[0034] It should be noted that an "OR" logic is used here, meaning that an intermediate state is triggered as long as either the data volume condition or the business priority condition is met. This design takes into account two typical scenarios: one is urgent information with a very small data volume. Although the business priority is high, the data volume is so small that an intermediate state can be used to complete the process quickly; the other is a situation with a large data volume but low priority, such as regularly uploaded logs. Although the data volume exceeds the threshold, the intermediate state can still be used because of the low priority.

[0035] Conversely, if the amount of data to be transmitted exceeds the data volume threshold, and the priority corresponding to the business attribute is not lower than the business priority level, then the transmission status is determined to be the standard state. In this case, a large data volume means a long transmission time, requiring a complete protocol to ensure the reliability of the transmission process; a high business priority requires high transmission quality, and transmission failure cannot be caused by simplifying the protocol.

[0036] Furthermore, determining the data volume threshold based on the battery power parameters and historical transmission success rate includes: statistically analyzing transmission records within a preset time window to obtain the historical transmission success rate and average retransmission count, and determining an initial data volume threshold based on the battery power parameters; comparing the historical transmission success rate with a target success rate; when the historical transmission success rate is lower than the target success rate, adjusting the initial data volume threshold downwards according to a first adjustment step size; when the historical transmission success rate is higher than the target success rate, determining a second adjustment step size based on the average retransmission count, and adjusting the initial data volume threshold upwards according to the second adjustment step size.

[0037] Specifically, a preset time window defines the statistical time range, such as the most recent hour or a number of recent transmissions. The size of the time window needs to balance the sufficiency of the statistical sample and the speed of response to environmental changes. If the time window is too small, the statistical sample is insufficient and easily affected by random factors; if the time window is too large, the statistical results are lagging and cannot reflect changes in link conditions in a timely manner. In practical implementation, a sliding window mechanism can be used, where the latest transmission result is added to the statistics after each new transmission is completed, while the oldest record is removed from the window.

[0038] The historical transmission success rate and average retransmission count were obtained through statistics. The historical transmission success rate refers to the proportion of transmissions that were successfully completed within a time window out of the total number of transmissions. Here, "success" means that the data was eventually correctly received by the receiving end, regardless of how many retransmissions occurred in between. The average retransmission count reflects the smoothness of the transmission process. Even if the transmission is eventually successful, a high number of retransmissions indicates unstable link quality or an inadequate power configuration.

[0039] Meanwhile, an initial data volume threshold is determined based on battery power parameters. The determination of the initial threshold follows a basic principle: the lower the battery power, the smaller the threshold should be. This is because in low-power conditions, the terminal has limited available energy, requiring more careful selection of transmission strategies. For larger data packets, a standard state is preferred to ensure successful transmission and avoid energy waste and data retransmission due to transmission failure. Conversely, when the battery power is sufficient, the threshold can be appropriately increased to increase the frequency of using intermediate states. The initial threshold can be calculated from the battery power parameters through table lookup or function mapping.

[0040] After obtaining the initial data volume threshold, adjustments are made based on the historical transmission success rate. The adjustment is based on a comparison between the historical transmission success rate and the target success rate. The target success rate is a preset expected transmission quality level, representing an acceptable lower limit for success rate. For example, the target success rate can be set at a higher level, requiring that the vast majority of transmissions complete successfully.

[0041] When the historical transmission success rate is lower than the target success rate, it indicates that the current transmission strategy is causing a high failure rate. Possible reasons include: the data volume threshold is set too high, causing data that should be in a standard state to be misjudged as an intermediate state and fail to be transmitted under the simplified protocol; or the link conditions have deteriorated, and the existing power configuration is insufficient to guarantee successful transmission. Regardless of the reason, a more conservative strategy needs to be adopted.

[0042] Specifically, the initial data volume threshold is lowered according to the first adjustment step size. The effect of lowering the threshold is that data that was originally just above the threshold and considered to be in the standard state will still be considered to be in the standard state after the threshold is lowered; while data that was originally slightly below the threshold and considered to be in the intermediate state may be switched to the standard state for transmission because its volume is close to or exceeds the new threshold. In this way, more data will be transmitted in the standard state, improving transmission reliability and increasing the success rate. The first adjustment step size is usually set relatively large to quickly respond to a decrease in transmission quality.

[0043] Conversely, when the historical transmission success rate is higher than the target success rate, it indicates that the current transmission strategy is too conservative. Although the success rate is high, it may come at the cost of energy efficiency. In this case, the threshold can be appropriately increased to increase the proportion of intermediate states used, thereby reducing power consumption while ensuring transmission quality.

[0044] However, it's important to note that a success rate higher than the target does not mean the threshold can be increased indefinitely. If there are many retransmissions during transmission, even if the transmission eventually succeeds, it indicates unstable link quality and an unsmooth transmission process. In such cases, raising the threshold should be done cautiously. Therefore, this embodiment introduces the average number of retransmissions as an auxiliary judgment indicator.

[0045] Specifically, the second adjustment step size is determined based on the average number of retransmissions. A higher average number of retransmissions indicates that while the transmission quality meets the standard, it is unstable; in this case, the second adjustment step size should be set smaller, resulting in a slight increase in the threshold. Conversely, a lower average number of retransmissions indicates stable transmission quality with sufficient margin; in this case, the second adjustment step size can be set larger, resulting in a more significant increase in the threshold. This mechanism of dynamically determining the adjustment step size based on the number of retransmissions allows for more precise threshold adjustment, avoiding the degradation in transmission quality caused by blindly increasing the threshold.

[0046] After adjusting the initial data volume threshold upwards according to the second adjustment step size, more data will be judged as intermediate state, and the overall power consumption of the system will be reduced. However, it is necessary to closely monitor the subsequent transmission success rate to ensure that the success rate does not fall below the target due to the increase in the threshold.

[0047] Furthermore, when the transmission state is an intermediate state, configuring the terminal device's transmit power for data transmission based on the transmission state and the link change characteristics includes: predicting the link quality change trend within a preset time period based on the distance parameter and distance change rate in the link change characteristics; delaying data transmission until the link quality improves when the link quality change trend indicates that the link quality will improve and the service attributes of the data to be transmitted allow for delayed transmission; calculating the path loss based on the current distance parameter and determining the minimum transmit power based on the path loss and receiver sensitivity when the link quality change trend indicates that the link quality is stable or declining, or the service attributes of the data to be transmitted require real-time transmission; and using a simplified communication protocol to control the terminal device to transmit data at the minimum transmit power, wherein the simplified communication protocol reduces protocol overhead by reducing the number of signaling interactions and lowering the control channel listening frequency.

[0048] Specifically, unlike the standard state, the intermediate state not only focuses on power configuration itself but also introduces a mechanism for optimizing transmission timing. This optimization is based on a key observation: the high-speed motion of LEO satellites causes rapid changes in link quality. If the timing of link quality improvement can be predicted and transmission can be performed at the optimal time, data transmission can be completed with lower power.

[0049] Based on the distance parameter and distance change rate in the link change characteristics, the trend of link quality change within a preset time period is predicted. Here, "link quality change trend" refers to the direction of evolution of link transmission conditions over time, mainly reflected in the increase or decrease of path loss. The distance parameter reflects the propagation distance between the terminal and the satellite at the current moment, while the distance change rate reflects the speed at which the distance changes.

[0050] The basic principle of prediction is based on the continuity of distance changes. Within a short timeframe, a satellite's trajectory can be approximated as uniform linear motion, and the rate of distance change remains essentially constant within a preset time period. Based on this assumption, the distance at future moments can be estimated through linear extrapolation. After obtaining the predicted distance sequence, the path loss at each moment is calculated using the free-space path loss formula. Free-space path loss is proportional to the logarithm of the distance; the greater the distance, the greater the loss. By calculating the path loss at each moment within the predicted timeframe, the evolution sequence of path loss can be obtained, thereby determining the trend of link quality changes.

[0051] When the predicted path loss sequence shows a downward trend, it means that the link quality will improve. Specifically, the minimum path loss value in the predicted sequence is compared with the current path loss. If the minimum value is less than the current value, the link quality is determined to improve, and the improvement occurs when the minimum value is reached. Conversely, if all values ​​in the predicted sequence are greater than or equal to the current path loss, the link quality is determined to be stable or declining.

[0052] It should be noted that the predictions here are based on a simplified physical model and do not consider complex factors such as atmospheric attenuation and blockage; therefore, the prediction results are approximate. However, when the preset duration is short, this simplified prediction is sufficient to guide the selection of transmission timing. The setting of the preset duration needs to balance prediction accuracy and service latency tolerance, and is usually set to several seconds to tens of seconds.

[0053] When a link quality trend indicates that the link quality will improve, the next step is to determine whether the service attributes of the data to be transmitted allow for delayed transmission. Service attributes typically include descriptions of latency tolerance; for example, real-time control commands require low latency and cannot wait, while periodically reported sensor data can tolerate a certain level of latency. If the service attributes allow for delayed transmission, the data transmission is delayed until the link quality improves.

[0054] The delayed transmission method involves the terminal device temporarily storing the data to be transmitted in a transmission buffer and continuously monitoring link changes. Data transmission is initiated when the actual path loss drops to near the predicted optimal value, or when the predicted optimal transmission time has arrived. This proactive strategy of waiting for the optimal link allows the terminal to complete transmission using lower power under better link conditions, significantly reducing energy consumption.

[0055] Conversely, when the link quality trend indicates that the link quality is stable or declining, it means that waiting will not improve the link quality; instead, it may cause the current relatively good transmission window to be missed. Alternatively, when the service attributes of the data to be transmitted require real-time transmission, even if the link quality will improve, waiting is not an option; transmission must be initiated immediately to meet latency requirements. In both cases, the terminal device immediately begins the transmission process.

[0056] During immediate transmission, path loss is calculated based on the current distance parameters. The path loss calculation employs a free-space propagation model, which describes the energy attenuation of electromagnetic waves propagating in unobstructed free space. Path loss is related to propagation distance and frequency; the greater the distance and the higher the frequency, the greater the loss. For satellite communication systems, the frequency is usually fixed, therefore path loss is primarily determined by distance.

[0057] After obtaining the path loss, the minimum transmit power is determined by combining it with the receiver sensitivity. Receiver sensitivity refers to the minimum received power required for the receiver to correctly demodulate the signal; it is an inherent characteristic parameter of the receiver. According to the link budget principle, the transmit power is amplified by the antenna gain, and the path loss is attenuated during free space propagation. The power ultimately reaching the receiver should not be lower than the receiver sensitivity. Therefore, the minimum transmit power can be determined by the following relationship: Transmit Power = Receiver Sensitivity + Path Loss - Transmit Antenna Gain - Receive Antenna Gain.

[0058] This calculation uses the "minimum" transmit power, which is the power value that just meets the communication requirements, without adding any margin. This strategy is reasonable in intermediate states, as these are mainly used for small data volumes or low-priority services, and even if transmission failures occur occasionally, the cost of retransmission is minimal. By using the minimum power, energy consumption is minimized.

[0059] Once the minimum transmit power is determined, a simplified communication protocol is used to control the terminal equipment to transmit data at that power. The simplified communication protocol is relative to the standard full protocol; its core idea is to reduce unnecessary protocol overhead and allocate more resources to data transmission itself.

[0060] Specifically, simplifying communication protocols reduces protocol overhead by decreasing the number of signaling interactions. In a complete communication protocol, multiple signaling interactions are required between the terminal and the satellite to establish and maintain a connection. For example, in the LTE / NB-IoT protocol, the terminal needs to go through a random access process to transition from an idle state to a connected state, including sending a preamble, receiving a random access response, sending a connection request, and receiving a connection establishment message. Each signaling interaction requires the terminal to activate its radio frequency module for transmission or reception, consuming energy. Simplifying the protocol can reduce the number of signaling interactions by reducing the number of retransmissions during random access and simplifying the connection establishment process.

[0061] Meanwhile, the simplified protocol also reduces energy consumption by decreasing the control channel listening frequency. In the full protocol, the terminal needs to periodically listen to the downlink control channel to receive scheduling information, paging messages, etc., from the network side. Listening to the control channel requires the terminal to keep the receiver on, which consumes energy even when there is no actual data transmission. The simplified protocol can extend the control channel listening period, for example, from listening once every few milliseconds to listening once every hundreds of milliseconds or even several seconds, significantly reducing the listening frequency and correspondingly reducing energy consumption.

[0062] Furthermore, simplified protocols can simplify data acknowledgment mechanisms. Full protocols typically employ a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) mechanism, where the receiver acknowledges each data block, and the sender decides whether to retransmit based on the acknowledgment information. Simplified protocols can reduce the frequency of acknowledgment feedback, for example, by acknowledging only once for the entire data transmission process, or by using a stop-and-wait protocol instead of a complex sliding window protocol.

[0063] Furthermore, the step of predicting the link quality change trend within a future preset time period based on the distance parameter and distance change rate in the link change characteristics includes: calculating the distance parameter within the future preset time period based on the distance change rate to obtain a predicted distance sequence; calculating the path loss within the future preset time period based on the predicted distance sequence to obtain a predicted path loss sequence; comparing the predicted path loss sequence with the current path loss, and determining that the link quality will improve when the minimum value in the predicted path loss sequence is less than the current path loss; and determining that the link quality is stable or declining when all values ​​in the predicted path loss sequence are greater than or equal to the current path loss.

[0064] Specifically, within a preset time period, the satellite's motion relative to the terminal can be approximated as uniform motion, meaning the rate of distance change remains essentially constant. Based on this approximation, the distance at a future moment can be estimated by adding the current distance to the product of the rate of distance change and time. This linear extrapolation method is simple, effective, and computationally inefficient, making it suitable for real-time operation on resource-constrained terminal devices.

[0065] It should be noted that the choice of preset duration directly affects the accuracy of the prediction. A shorter preset duration results in a smaller linear extrapolation error and a more accurate prediction; however, a too-short preset duration limits the available transmission window and thus the optimization effect. A longer preset duration, while providing more flexibility in timing, gradually reveals the nonlinear characteristics of satellite motion, increasing the linear extrapolation error. In practical applications, the preset duration is typically set to several seconds to tens of seconds; within this time range, the error of the linear approximation is acceptable.

[0066] By calculating the distance at multiple discrete moments within a preset time period, a predicted distance sequence can be obtained. This sequence describes the evolution trajectory of the distance between the terminal and the satellite from the current moment to the preset future time period. If the rate of change of distance is negative, it means that the satellite is approaching the terminal, and the predicted distance sequence shows a downward trend; if the rate of change of distance is positive, the satellite is moving away, and the distance sequence shows an upward trend; if the rate of change of distance is close to zero, the satellite is near its closest or farthest point, and the distance remains basically unchanged for a short period of time.

[0067] The predicted path loss sequence is obtained by calculating the path loss over a predetermined time period based on the predicted distance sequence. Path loss describes the energy attenuation of electromagnetic waves during propagation and is a direct reflection of link quality. Under the free-space propagation model, path loss is proportional to the logarithm of the distance; doubling the distance increases the path loss by approximately six decibels.

[0068] For each distance value in the predicted distance sequence, the corresponding path loss is calculated using the free-space path loss formula. Since parameters such as frequency and antenna gain remain constant throughout the prediction time, the change in path loss is entirely determined by distance. Arranging the path losses at each moment in chronological order yields the predicted path loss sequence. This sequence intuitively reflects the future evolution of link transmission conditions: decreased path loss indicates improved transmission conditions and a reduction in required transmit power; increased path loss indicates deteriorating transmission conditions and a need for higher transmit power.

[0069] After obtaining the predicted path loss sequence, it is compared with the current path loss to determine the trend of link quality changes. The core of the comparison is to find the minimum path loss value in the predicted sequence, which represents the optimal transmission conditions within a preset time period.

[0070] When the minimum value in the predicted path loss sequence is less than the current path loss, it indicates that better transmission conditions will emerge in the future, confirming an improvement in link quality. This typically occurs when a satellite is approaching the terminal; as the distance decreases, the path loss gradually diminishes. If the service attributes allow for delayed transmission, the terminal can wait until the moment corresponding to the minimum path loss before transmitting, thus using lower transmit power to complete the data transmission.

[0071] The moment the minimum value occurs is the optimal time for transmission. In practice, the time point corresponding to the minimum value can be recorded as the target time to trigger transmission. The terminal continuously monitors the actual path loss, and when the actual loss approaches the predicted minimum value, the transmission process is initiated. This prediction-based proactive waiting strategy transforms the passive "transmission at any time" approach into the proactive "transmission at the opportune time," which is the innovation of this embodiment.

[0072] Conversely, when all values ​​in the predicted path loss sequence are greater than or equal to the current path loss, it indicates that future transmission conditions will not be better than the current ones, confirming that the link quality is stable or deteriorating. This situation typically occurs when the satellite is moving away from the terminal, or when the satellite has passed its closest point and begun to move away. In this case, waiting will not improve link quality; instead, it may cause the terminal to miss the current relatively good transmission window. Therefore, the terminal should transmit immediately to avoid further deterioration of the link, which would increase the power required for transmission. It should be noted that "stable" and "deteriorating" are categorized as the same type of processing in this embodiment, i.e., both choose immediate transmission. Stable means that the path loss remains essentially unchanged, and whether or not to wait has little impact on power configuration; in this case, immediate transmission can reduce service latency. Deteriorating means that waiting will lead to a deterioration in transmission conditions, making immediate transmission even more necessary.

[0073] 103. Monitor the transmission status during data transmission. When the preset exit conditions are met, control the terminal device to switch directly to the sleep state. When the preset exit conditions are not met, switch the terminal device to the sleep state according to the state transition rules after the data transmission is completed.

[0074] In this embodiment, the transmission status is monitored during data transmission. The monitored content mainly includes the transmission status of uplink and downlink data packets. Uplink data packets refer to data sent from the terminal to the satellite, and downlink data packets refer to data sent from the satellite to the terminal. By counting the number of uplink and downlink data packets, the data transmission mode and stage can be determined.

[0075] Specifically, the terminal device maintains two counters: a downlink data packet counter and an uplink data packet counter. The downlink data packet counter increments whenever the terminal receives a downlink data packet from the satellite; the uplink data packet counter increments whenever the terminal sends an uplink data packet to the satellite. These data packets typically refer to application layer data packets, excluding lower-level signaling packets or acknowledgment packets.

[0076] The monitoring process continues until data transmission is complete or an exit condition is triggered. Through real-time monitoring, the terminal can capture dynamic changes during transmission, providing a basis for subsequent exit decisions.

[0077] When the preset exit conditions are met, the control terminal device directly switches to sleep mode. "Direct switching" here means skipping the regular state transition process and immediately entering sleep mode from the current state without waiting for the inactive timer to expire. This fast exit mechanism avoids unnecessary waiting time and is an important means of reducing power consumption in this embodiment.

[0078] The preset exit conditions are based on the analysis of data transmission patterns. In certain satellite communication applications, a typical transmission pattern exists: the satellite pushes data to the terminal, and the terminal simply receives the data without needing to respond. For example, the satellite sends software update packages, configuration information, or broadcast messages to the terminal. In this scenario, after receiving the data, the terminal does not generate uplink data packets. Maintaining the connection and waiting for possible uplink transmission is meaningless; it should immediately enter sleep mode.

[0079] Specifically, the preset exit condition can be set as follows: the number of downlink data packets is greater than or equal to a preset downlink threshold, and the number of uplink data packets is zero. The logic behind this condition is that if the terminal receives a certain amount of downlink data but still does not generate any uplink data, it indicates that the terminal is in pure receive mode and is unlikely to have any further uplink transmission needs. At this point, it can be determined that the transmission is complete, and the terminal can exit directly.

[0080] Setting a preset downlink threshold needs to consider the characteristics of the service. A threshold that is too small may misinterpret normal two-way communication as one-way reception, leading to premature termination; a threshold that is too large requires receiving more data to trigger a rapid termination, reducing the optimization effect. In practical applications, a reasonable threshold can be determined based on historical data statistical analysis. For example, for firmware download services, which typically involve continuous downlink transmission, a smaller threshold can be set; while for interactive services, a larger threshold may be needed to avoid misinterpretation.

[0081] When the preset exit conditions are detected, the terminal immediately initiates the sleep handover process. In cellular communication protocols such as NB-IoT or LTE, this corresponds to a direct jump from the RRC connected state to the PSM power-saving mode, skipping the normal transition process from the connected state to the idle state and then from the idle state to PSM. This skip-state transition reduces the overhead of state switching and shortens the time to enter deep sleep, thereby reducing overall power consumption.

[0082] Conversely, if the preset exit conditions are not met, it indicates that there are uplink data packets in the transmission process, or the number of downlink data packets has not reached the threshold, and the terminal may still need to perform bidirectional data interaction. In this case, it should not exit rashly, but should proceed according to the normal state transition rules.

[0083] Normal state transition rules typically include waiting for an inactive timer to time out. After data transmission is complete, the terminal does not immediately disconnect but starts an inactive timer. During the timer's execution, the terminal maintains the connection, ready to receive or send any potential data. If new data arrives or is generated before the timer expires, the timer is reset, and the connection remains open. Only when the timer expires and there is no new data does the terminal consider the current communication session to have ended and enter the state transition process.

[0084] For example, in the NB-IoT protocol, after data transmission is complete, the terminal enters the RRC_CONNECTED state and starts an inactive timer. The timer duration is configurable, typically ranging from several seconds to tens of seconds. After the timer expires, the terminal transitions from the RRC_CONNECTED state to the RRC_IDLE state, releasing the radio resource connection. Subsequently, depending on the eDRX or PSM configuration, the terminal can further transition from the RRC_IDLE state to the deep sleep PSM state.

[0085] While this normal state transition introduces a waiting period, it is necessary for businesses with bidirectional interaction. The waiting time provides a buffer for potential subsequent data interactions, avoiding frequent connection establishment and release. A fast exit is only triggered by preset exit conditions when it is confirmed that there will be no further interaction.

[0086] In this embodiment, by acquiring the terminal device's operating parameters and satellite motion information, the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite are determined based on the satellite motion information. The data to be transmitted is evaluated based on the operating parameters, and the transmission state is determined based on the evaluation results. The terminal device's transmit power is configured for data transmission based on the transmission state and link change characteristics. During data transmission, the transmission status is monitored. When a preset exit condition is met, the terminal device is directly switched to a sleep state. When the preset exit condition is not met, the terminal device is switched to a sleep state according to the state transition rules after data transmission is completed. This invention effectively reduces the power consumption of the satellite communication terminal and extends the device's battery life by comprehensively considering the terminal's operating parameters and link change characteristics for adaptive power configuration.

[0087] Please see Figure 2 Another embodiment of the low-power wireless communication method in this application includes: 201. Obtain the operating parameters of the terminal device and satellite motion information, and determine the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information; In this embodiment, step 201 is similar to step 101 in the first embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0088] 202. Evaluate the data to be transmitted based on the operating parameters, and determine the transmission status based on the evaluation results; 203. When the transmission state is in standard mode, calculate the path loss value based on the distance parameter in the link change characteristics, and determine the basic transmit power based on the path loss value and the preset receive sensitivity threshold. In this embodiment, the path loss value is calculated based on the distance parameter in the link variation characteristics. Path loss describes the energy attenuation of electromagnetic waves during free space propagation and is a core parameter of the link budget. In satellite communication scenarios, there are usually no obvious obstructions between the terminal and the satellite, and signal propagation mainly follows the free space propagation model.

[0089] Free-space path loss is related to propagation distance and operating frequency. Physically, after an electromagnetic wave is radiated from a transmitting antenna, its energy diffuses towards a spherical surface, and the receiving antenna can only capture a small portion of it. As the propagation distance increases, the energy density decreases inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths, resulting in a relatively smaller effective receiving area for the antenna and a corresponding increase in path loss.

[0090] In practical calculations, free-space path loss is usually expressed in logarithmic form, and its value equals a constant term plus a distance logarithm term and a frequency logarithm term. For every doubling of distance, the path loss increases by approximately six decibels; for every doubling of frequency, the path loss also increases by approximately six decibels. For satellite communication systems, the operating frequency is a fixed system parameter, therefore the path loss is primarily determined by the distance.

[0091] After calculating the path loss based on the distance parameters, the base transmit power is determined by combining it with a preset receiver sensitivity threshold. The preset receiver sensitivity threshold is the minimum receive power required for the receiver to correctly demodulate the signal. This is an inherent characteristic of the receiver and is determined by factors such as the receiver's noise figure, bandwidth, and modulation method.

[0092] The determination of the base transmit power follows the link budget balance principle: the transmit power is amplified by the transmit antenna gain and radiated outwards, attenuating due to path loss during propagation, and then amplified by the receive antenna gain before reaching the receiver input. To ensure correct demodulation by the receiver, the received power must not be lower than the receiver sensitivity threshold. Therefore, the base transmit power can be obtained by solving the link budget equation.

[0093] 204. Determine the atmospheric attenuation compensation amount based on the elevation angle parameter in the link change characteristics, wherein the atmospheric attenuation compensation amount is increased when the elevation angle parameter is less than a preset elevation angle threshold; In this embodiment, the magnitude of atmospheric attenuation is closely related to the path length of the signal through the atmosphere. When the satellite is at the zenith, the signal passes through the atmosphere perpendicularly, resulting in the shortest path and minimal attenuation. When the satellite is near the horizon, the signal passes through the atmosphere at a smaller elevation angle, significantly increasing the path length and correspondingly increasing attenuation. The lower the elevation angle, the thicker the atmosphere the signal needs to pass through, and the more severe the attenuation.

[0094] The atmospheric attenuation compensation is determined based on the elevation angle parameter. The elevation angle parameter describes the elevation angle of the satellite observed from the terminal, and this parameter has been calculated in step 101. There is a non-linear relationship between atmospheric attenuation and elevation angle, and the corresponding relationship can usually be obtained through empirical formulas or table lookups.

[0095] At high elevation angles, such as when the satellite is near the zenith, atmospheric attenuation is relatively small and changes gradually, so a small fixed value for atmospheric attenuation compensation is sufficient. However, when the elevation angle parameter is less than the preset elevation angle threshold, entering the low elevation angle region, atmospheric attenuation increases sharply, requiring an increase in atmospheric attenuation compensation.

[0096] The preset elevation angle threshold is typically set based on the inflection point of atmospheric attenuation characteristics. Above a certain elevation angle, atmospheric attenuation changes relatively slowly with the elevation angle; however, below this elevation angle, attenuation increases rapidly as the elevation angle decreases. The elevation angle corresponding to this inflection point is the preset elevation angle threshold. The specific value is related to factors such as operating frequency and atmospheric conditions. For commonly used satellite communication frequency bands, the threshold is usually set between ten and twenty degrees.

[0097] When the detected elevation angle parameter is less than the preset elevation angle threshold, the atmospheric attenuation compensation is increased. The increase can be determined based on the difference between the actual elevation angle and the threshold; the lower the elevation angle, the greater the increase. In extremely low elevation angles, such as when the satellite has just risen above the horizon or is about to set, the signal propagates almost close to the ground, and the thickness of the atmosphere it passes through can be tens of times that of the vertical path. In such cases, a significant increase in compensation is required.

[0098] In addition to considering the current elevation angle, this embodiment can further consider the trend of elevation angle change. In one embodiment, the stability of the link is determined based on the rate of change of elevation angle. When the absolute value of the rate of change of elevation angle is large, it indicates that the satellite is rapidly ascending and descending relative to the ground plane, the link geometry is changing drastically, and the channel is unstable. This instability may lead to rapid fluctuations in signal quality. To ensure transmission reliability, the atmospheric attenuation compensation can be further increased, leaving more power margin.

[0099] Conversely, when the absolute value of the elevation angle change rate is small, it indicates that the satellite has moved to the vicinity of the zenith or is in a relatively stable geometric relationship, the link is relatively stable, and the change in atmospheric attenuation is relatively gentle. In this case, a smaller compensation amount can be used.

[0100] 205. Determine the Doppler frequency shift compensation amount based on the distance change rate in the link change characteristics, and determine the fading margin based on the channel fading statistical characteristics; In this embodiment, the terminal device obtains a base transmit power and three compensation values. The base transmit power is the power required to ensure that the received power just reaches the sensitivity threshold under ideal free-space propagation conditions. The three compensation values ​​respectively address three types of additional attenuation or uncertainty in the real propagation environment: atmospheric attenuation compensation to address additional absorption by the atmosphere, Doppler shift compensation to address frequency shift caused by high-speed motion, and fading margin to address random fluctuations in the channel.

[0101] The target transmit power is obtained by superimposing these three compensation amounts onto the base transmit power. The superposition is achieved by adding the compensation amounts in decibels. This is because in the link budget, power, gain, and loss are typically expressed in logarithmic form, and addition in the logarithmic field corresponds to multiplication in the linear field. Adding the compensation amounts to the base transmit power yields a target transmit power that includes margins to cope with various propagation losses and uncertainties, ensuring transmission reliability in complex real-world environments.

[0102] The target transmit power is the power setting used during actual transmission in standard mode. Compared to the minimum transmit power in intermediate mode, the target transmit power is significantly higher; this higher power configuration comes at the cost of ensuring transmission quality. Standard mode is mainly used for large data volumes or high-priority services. For these services, transmission reliability is more important than energy efficiency, so a conservative power configuration is reasonable.

[0103] Once the target transmission power is obtained, a complete communication protocol is used to control the terminal equipment to transmit data according to that power. A complete communication protocol is relative to a simplified protocol used in an intermediate state; its core feature is maintaining complete connection management and data acknowledgment mechanisms to ensure the reliability of the transmission process.

[0104] Specifically, the complete communication protocol maintains the Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection state. In cellular communication systems, such as LTE or NB-IoT, the RRC connection corresponds to the RRC_CONNECTED state. In this state, the terminal establishes a dedicated radio resource connection with the network side, and the network side allocates dedicated physical channel resources to the terminal. The terminal can send or receive data at any time without needing to re-request resources.

[0105] Maintaining a connection reduces transmission latency and improves transmission efficiency. When data needs to be transmitted, the terminal can immediately use the allocated resources for transmission without going through random access and resource allocation processes. This efficiency improvement is particularly significant for large data transmissions because the data transmission time is relatively long, and the overhead of establishing the connection can be amortized.

[0106] At the same time, the complete communication protocol also implements a data acknowledgment mechanism. Data acknowledgment is a key means of ensuring transmission reliability. Through the receiver's acknowledgment feedback for each data block, the sender can know which data has been successfully received and which data needs to be retransmitted.

[0107] In practical protocols, data acknowledgment mechanisms take various forms. For example, LTE systems employ a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) mechanism, where the receiver acknowledges each transmission block, and the sender decides whether to retransmit based on the acknowledgment or negative acknowledgment. The HARQ mechanism is implemented at the physical layer, resulting in short feedback delays and high retransmission efficiency. Furthermore, at higher layers, there is the ARQ mechanism, which performs end-to-end acknowledgment of data packets, ensuring data integrity and order.

[0108] While these mechanisms in the full protocol increase protocol overhead and power consumption, they significantly improve transmission reliability. This reliability guarantee is essential for handling large data volumes or high-priority services in standard states. With the support of the full protocol, even under fluctuating link conditions, the system can ensure successful data transmission through mechanisms such as retransmission.

[0109] 206. The atmospheric attenuation compensation, the Doppler frequency shift compensation, and the fading margin are superimposed on the base transmission power to obtain the target transmission power, and the terminal equipment is controlled to transmit data according to the target transmission power using a complete communication protocol; In this embodiment, the terminal device obtains a base transmit power and three compensation values. The base transmit power is the power required to ensure that the received power just reaches the sensitivity threshold under ideal free-space propagation conditions. The three compensation values ​​respectively address three types of additional attenuation or uncertainty in the real propagation environment: atmospheric attenuation compensation to address additional absorption by the atmosphere, Doppler shift compensation to address frequency shift caused by high-speed motion, and fading margin to address random fluctuations in the channel.

[0110] The target transmit power is obtained by superimposing these three compensation amounts onto the base transmit power. The superposition is achieved by adding the compensation amounts in decibels. This is because in the link budget, power, gain, and loss are typically expressed in logarithmic form, and addition in the logarithmic field corresponds to multiplication in the linear field. Adding the compensation amounts to the base transmit power yields a target transmit power that includes margins to cope with various propagation losses and uncertainties, ensuring transmission reliability in complex real-world environments.

[0111] The target transmit power is the power setting used during actual transmission in standard mode. Compared to the minimum transmit power in intermediate mode, the target transmit power is significantly higher; this higher power configuration comes at the cost of ensuring transmission quality. Standard mode is mainly used for large data volumes or high-priority services. For these services, transmission reliability is more important than energy efficiency, so a conservative power configuration is reasonable.

[0112] Once the target transmission power is obtained, a complete communication protocol is used to control the terminal equipment to transmit data according to that power. A complete communication protocol is relative to a simplified protocol used in an intermediate state; its core feature is maintaining complete connection management and data acknowledgment mechanisms to ensure the reliability of the transmission process.

[0113] Specifically, the complete communication protocol maintains the Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection state. In cellular communication systems, such as LTE or NB-IoT, the RRC connection corresponds to the RRC_CONNECTED state. In this state, the terminal establishes a dedicated radio resource connection with the network side, and the network side allocates dedicated physical channel resources to the terminal. The terminal can send or receive data at any time without needing to re-request resources.

[0114] Maintaining a connection reduces transmission latency and improves transmission efficiency. When data needs to be transmitted, the terminal can immediately use the allocated resources for transmission without going through random access and resource allocation processes. This efficiency improvement is particularly significant for large data transmissions because the data transmission time is relatively long, and the overhead of establishing the connection can be amortized.

[0115] At the same time, the complete communication protocol also implements a data acknowledgment mechanism. Data acknowledgment is a key means of ensuring transmission reliability. Through the receiver's acknowledgment feedback for each data block, the sender can know which data has been successfully received and which data needs to be retransmitted.

[0116] In practical protocols, data acknowledgment mechanisms take various forms. For example, LTE systems employ a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) mechanism, where the receiver acknowledges each transmission block, and the sender decides whether to retransmit based on the acknowledgment or negative acknowledgment. The HARQ mechanism is implemented at the physical layer, resulting in short feedback delays and high retransmission efficiency. Furthermore, at higher layers, there is the ARQ mechanism, which performs end-to-end acknowledgment of data packets, ensuring data integrity and order.

[0117] While these mechanisms in the full protocol increase protocol overhead and power consumption, they significantly improve transmission reliability. This reliability guarantee is essential for handling large data volumes or high-priority services in standard states. With the support of the full protocol, even under fluctuating link conditions, the system can ensure successful data transmission through mechanisms such as retransmission.

[0118] 207. Monitor the transmission status during data transmission. When the preset exit conditions are met, control the terminal device to switch directly to the sleep state. When the preset exit conditions are not met, switch the terminal device to the sleep state according to the state transition rules after the data transmission is completed.

[0119] In this embodiment, step 207 is similar to step 103 in the first embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0120] In this embodiment, by acquiring the terminal device's operating parameters and satellite motion information, the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite are determined based on the satellite motion information. The data to be transmitted is evaluated based on the operating parameters, and the transmission state is determined based on the evaluation results. The terminal device's transmit power is configured for data transmission based on the transmission state and link change characteristics. During data transmission, the transmission status is monitored. When a preset exit condition is met, the terminal device is directly switched to a sleep state. When the preset exit condition is not met, the terminal device is switched to a sleep state according to the state transition rules after data transmission is completed. This invention effectively reduces the power consumption of the satellite communication terminal and extends the device's battery life by comprehensively considering the terminal's operating parameters and link change characteristics for adaptive power configuration.

[0121] The low-power wireless communication method in the embodiments of the present invention has been described above. The low-power wireless communication device in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation] for details. Figure 3 One embodiment of the low-power wireless communication device in this invention includes: The parameter acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the operating parameters of the terminal device and satellite motion information, and determine the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information. The power configuration module 302 is used to evaluate the data to be transmitted according to the operating parameters, determine the transmission status according to the evaluation results, and configure the transmit power of the terminal device for data transmission according to the transmission status and the link change characteristics. The state switching module 303 is used to monitor the transmission status during data transmission. When the preset exit conditions are met, it controls the terminal device to switch directly to the sleep state. When the preset exit conditions are not met, it switches the terminal device to the sleep state according to the state transition rules after the data transmission is completed.

[0122] In this embodiment of the invention, the low-power wireless communication device operates the aforementioned low-power wireless communication method. The low-power wireless communication device acquires the operating parameters of the terminal device and satellite motion information, determines the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information, evaluates the data to be transmitted based on the operating parameters, determines the transmission state based on the evaluation results, and configures the transmit power of the terminal device for data transmission based on the transmission state and link change characteristics. During data transmission, the device monitors the transmission status; when a preset exit condition is met, it controls the terminal device to directly switch to a sleep state; when the preset exit condition is not met, it switches the terminal device to a sleep state according to the state transition rules after data transmission is completed. This invention effectively reduces the power consumption of the satellite communication terminal and extends the device's battery life by comprehensively considering the terminal's operating parameters and link change characteristics for adaptive power configuration.

[0123] above Figure 3 The low-power wireless communication device in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail from the perspective of unitized functional entities. The low-power wireless communication device in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail from the perspective of hardware processing.

[0124] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a low-power wireless communication device 400 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The low-power wireless communication device 400 can vary significantly due to different configurations or performance characteristics. It may include one or more central processing units (CPUs) 410 (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory 420, and one or more storage media 430 (e.g., one or more mass storage devices) for storing application programs 433 or data 432. The memory 420 and storage media 430 can be temporary or persistent storage. The program stored in the storage media 430 may include one or more units (not shown in the diagram), each unit may include a series of instruction operations on the low-power wireless communication device 400. Furthermore, the processor 410 may be configured to communicate with the storage media 430 and execute the series of instruction operations in the storage media 430 on the low-power wireless communication device 400 to implement the steps of the aforementioned low-power wireless communication method.

[0125] The low-power wireless communication device 400 may also include one or more power supplies 440, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 450, one or more input / output interfaces 460, and / or one or more operating systems 431, such as Windows Server, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, FreeBSD, etc. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 4The illustrated low-power wireless communication device structure does not constitute a limitation on the low-power wireless communication device provided by the present invention. It may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0126] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the low-power wireless communication method.

[0127] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the system, device, or unit described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0128] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0129] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-power wireless communication method, characterized in that, The low-power wireless communication method includes: The system acquires the operating parameters of the terminal device and satellite motion information, and determines the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information. The data to be transmitted is evaluated according to the operating parameters, the transmission status is determined according to the evaluation results, and the transmit power of the terminal device is configured to transmit data according to the transmission status and the link change characteristics. During data transmission, the transmission status is monitored. When the preset exit conditions are met, the terminal device is controlled to switch directly to the sleep state. When the preset exit conditions are not met, the terminal device is switched to the sleep state according to the state transition rules after the data transmission is completed.

2. The low-power wireless communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information includes: The satellite motion information is analyzed to obtain the satellite's position information and motion speed information; The spatial relationship between the terminal and the satellite is calculated based on the satellite's position information, the motion speed information, and the terminal device's position information to obtain distance parameters and elevation angle parameters; The distance parameter and the elevation angle parameter are calculated by time differentiation to obtain the distance change rate and the elevation angle change rate, and the distance parameter, the elevation angle parameter, the distance change rate, and the elevation angle change rate are used as the link change characteristics.

3. The low-power wireless communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission state includes an intermediate state and a standard state; the step of evaluating the data to be transmitted based on the operating parameters and determining the transmission state based on the evaluation results includes: The operating parameters are parsed to obtain battery power parameters and service type parameters, and the data volume threshold is determined based on the battery power parameters and historical transmission success rate. The service priority level is determined based on the service type parameter, and the data volume and service attributes of the data to be transmitted are evaluated based on the data volume threshold and the service priority level. When the data volume of the data to be transmitted is less than or equal to the data volume threshold, or the priority corresponding to the service attribute of the data to be transmitted is lower than the service priority level, the transmission state is determined to be an intermediate state; otherwise, the transmission state is determined to be a standard state.

4. The low-power wireless communication method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the data volume threshold based on the battery power parameters and historical transmission success rate includes: The transmission records within the preset time window are statistically analyzed to obtain the historical transmission success rate and average number of retransmissions, and the initial data volume threshold is determined based on the battery power parameters. The historical transmission success rate is compared with the target success rate. When the historical transmission success rate is lower than the target success rate, the initial data volume threshold is lowered according to the first adjustment step size. When the historical transmission success rate is higher than the target success rate, a second adjustment step size is determined based on the average number of retransmissions, and the initial data volume threshold is increased according to the second adjustment step size.

5. The low-power wireless communication method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the transmission state is an intermediate state, configuring the terminal device's transmit power for data transmission based on the transmission state and the link change characteristics includes: Based on the distance parameter and distance change rate in the link change characteristics, predict the link quality change trend within a preset time period in the future; When the link quality change trend indicates that the link quality will improve, and the service attributes of the data to be transmitted allow for delayed transmission, the data transmission is delayed until the link quality improves; When the link quality change trend indicates that the link quality is stable or declining, or when the service attributes of the data to be transmitted require real-time transmission, the path loss is calculated based on the current distance parameters, and the minimum transmit power is determined based on the path loss and the receiver sensitivity. The simplified communication protocol controls the terminal device to transmit data according to the minimum transmit power, wherein the simplified communication protocol reduces protocol overhead by reducing the number of signaling interactions and reducing the control channel listening frequency.

6. The low-power wireless communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The prediction of the link quality change trend within a preset time period based on the distance parameter and distance change rate in the link change characteristics includes: Based on the distance change rate, the distance parameters within a preset time period are calculated to obtain a predicted distance sequence; The predicted path loss sequence is obtained by calculating the path loss within a preset time period based on the predicted distance sequence. The predicted path loss sequence is compared with the current path loss. When the minimum value in the predicted path loss sequence is less than the current path loss, it is determined that the link quality will improve. When all values ​​in the predicted path loss sequence are greater than or equal to the current path loss, the link quality is determined to be stable or degraded.

7. The low-power wireless communication method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the transmission state is a standard state, configuring the terminal device's transmit power for data transmission based on the transmission state and the link change characteristics includes: The path loss value is calculated based on the distance parameter in the link change characteristics, and the basic transmit power is determined based on the path loss value and the preset receive sensitivity threshold. The atmospheric attenuation compensation amount is determined based on the elevation angle parameter in the link change characteristics, wherein the atmospheric attenuation compensation amount is increased when the elevation angle parameter is less than a preset elevation angle threshold. The Doppler frequency shift compensation amount is determined based on the distance change rate in the link change characteristics, and the fading margin is determined based on the channel fading statistical characteristics. The target transmission power is obtained by superimposing the atmospheric attenuation compensation, the Doppler frequency shift compensation, and the fading margin on the base transmission power, and the terminal equipment is controlled to transmit data according to the target transmission power using a complete communication protocol.

8. A low-power wireless communication device, characterized in that, The low-power wireless communication device includes: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the terminal device and satellite motion information, and determine the link change characteristics between the terminal and the satellite based on the satellite motion information. The power configuration module is used to evaluate the data to be transmitted according to the operating parameters, determine the transmission status according to the evaluation results, and configure the transmit power of the terminal device for data transmission according to the transmission status and the link change characteristics. The state switching module is used to monitor the transmission status during data transmission. When the preset exit conditions are met, the terminal device is controlled to switch directly to the sleep state. When the preset exit conditions are not met, the terminal device is switched to the sleep state according to the state transition rules after the data transmission is completed.

9. A low-power wireless communication device, characterized in that, The low-power wireless communication device includes: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions; The at least one processor invokes the instructions in the memory to cause the low-power wireless communication device to perform the steps of the low-power wireless communication method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions thereon, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the low-power wireless communication method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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