Low voltage driven liquid crystal dimming film

Abstract

The application provides a low-voltage driven liquid crystal dimming film, which contains a liquid crystal dimming layer, the liquid crystal dimming layer contains nematic liquid crystal, polymer and ionic liquid crystal, the mass of the polymer is 30%-70% of the total mass of the polymer and the nematic liquid crystal, and the weight percentage of the ionic liquid crystal in the total mass of the liquid crystal dimming layer is less than or equal to 2%; the ionic liquid crystal contains a pyridine ring structure. By adding a small proportion of ionic liquid crystal, the liquid crystal dimming film has the characteristics of low cost, low driving voltage and high stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid crystal dimming films, and more specifically, to a low-voltage driven liquid crystal dimming film. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid crystal dimming film is a smart dimming material based on liquid crystal technology. It changes the orientation of liquid crystal molecules by using an electric field to control the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules and adjust the light transmittance.

[0003] The liquid crystal dimming film consists of two transparent conductive films and a polymer liquid crystal layer in the middle. The polymer liquid crystal layer is formed by curing a prepolymer and liquid crystal. In the power-off state, the liquid crystal molecules are disordered, causing light to be unable to pass through, resulting in a milky white and opaque state. When electricity is applied, the liquid crystal molecules rearrange under the action of the electric field, allowing light to pass through, resulting in a transparent state.

[0004] Liquid crystal dimming films can be applied in fields such as architectural glass, automotive windshields, commercial projection, and medical devices. For example, in buildings, they can be used as smart curtains or heat insulation films; in automobiles, they can be used as privacy films or sunshades. However, currently, liquid crystal dimming films require a relatively high driving voltage, which limits their applications.

[0005] To achieve low-voltage drive, the industry has offered several solutions. One approach is to add highly polar liquid crystals to reduce voltage. However, these highly polar liquid crystals are typically alkyne-based, which are not only expensive but also have poor stability. Another approach is to change the type or proportion of prepolymers, such as by adding polymerizable liquid crystals or fluoropolymer monomers to reduce voltage. However, polymerizable liquid crystals and fluoropolymer monomers are quite expensive; the amount of polymerizable liquid crystals added is generally greater than 2%, and the proportion of fluoropolymer monomers is even higher, resulting in higher costs. Yet another approach involves adding other components, such as nanoparticles like Fe3O4, TiO2, Fe2O3, Ag, and Au. However, because inorganic nanoparticles are incompatible with organic liquid crystals or polymers, this leads to decreased stability of the entire system.

[0006] Therefore, there is a lack of technical solutions that can achieve high stability of liquid crystal dimming films with low voltage drive at a lower cost. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a low-voltage driven liquid crystal dimming film. The liquid crystal dimming film of this invention features low cost, low driving voltage, and high stability.

[0008] This invention provides a low-voltage driven liquid crystal dimming film, wherein the liquid crystal dimming film contains a liquid crystal dimming layer, the liquid crystal dimming layer contains nematic liquid crystal, polymer and ionic liquid crystal, the polymer mass is 30%-70% of the total mass of polymer and nematic liquid crystal, and the weight percentage of the ionic liquid crystal to the total mass of the liquid crystal dimming layer is less than or equal to 2%; the ionic liquid crystal contains a pyridine ring structure.

[0009] Preferably, the ion-liquid crystal further contains at least one long-chain alkyl group, wherein the long-chain alkyl group has 4-16 carbon atoms. Preferably, the long-chain alkyl group is a n-alkyl group, which refers to an alkyl group without branches. For example, but not limited to, a long-chain alkyl group with 6 carbon atoms can be n-hexane, isohexyl group, or cyclohexyl group, preferably n-hexyl group.

[0010] Preferably, the ionic liquid crystal is selected from at least one of the compounds shown in the following structures: ; p and q each independently represent positive integers from 6 to 16; p and q can be the same or different; X - The term refers to a pair of anions, wherein the pair of anions is an organic or inorganic anion, and the pair of anions is selected from bromide ions (Br₂). - ), iodide ions (I - ), thiocyanate ion (SCN) - ), hexafluorophosphate (PF6) - ), tetrafluoroborate (BF4) - ), Methylsulfonate (MeSO3) - or MsO - ), phenylsulfonate (PhSO3) - or PhsO - ), Toluenesulfonate (TsO) - or OTs - ), trifluoromethanesulfonate (TfO) - or OTf - ), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) - or Tf2N - ), acetate (OAc) - or AcO - ), trifluoroacetate (TFA) - ), difluorosulfonyl imide (FSI) - ), tetraphenylborate (BPh4) - ) or nitrate (NO3) -One of the following: The parentheses in the above anions refer to abbreviations. For toluenesulfonate, this includes p-toluenesulfonate, o-toluenesulfonate, and m-toluenesulfonate. In the specific compounds of this application, such as P-4-6, the toluenesulfonate is p-toluenesulfonate.

[0011] Preferably, the ionic liquid crystal is selected from at least one of the compounds shown in the following structures: ; k and j each independently represent positive integers from 4 to 14; k and j can be the same or different; Y - The term refers to a pair of anions, wherein the pair of anions is an organic or inorganic anion, and the pair of anions is selected from one of the following: bromide ion, iodide ion, thiocyanate ion, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, methanesulfonate, phenylsulfonate, toluenesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, acetate, trifluoroacetate, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, tetraphenylborate, or nitrate.

[0012] Preferably, the ionic liquid crystal is selected from at least one of the compounds shown in the following structures: .

[0013] Preferably, the ionic liquid crystal is selected from at least one of the compounds shown in the following structures: .

[0014] Preferably, the weight percentage of the total mass of the ion-liquid crystal and the liquid crystal dimming layer is in the range of 0.01-2%.

[0015] Preferably, the weight percentage of the total mass of the ion-liquid crystal and the liquid crystal dimming layer is in the range of 0.01-1%.

[0016] Preferably, the weight percentage of the total mass of the ion-liquid crystal and the liquid crystal dimming layer is in the range of 0.01-0.05%.

[0017] Preferably, the nematic liquid crystal contains at least one liquid crystal monomer with the structure shown in formula (I) below: ; Wherein, X and Y each independently represent a C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, cyano, isothiocyano or fluorine atom, ring A and ring B each independently represent a benzene ring, pyridine ring or cyclohexane ring; the hydrogen atoms on ring A and ring B can be replaced by fluorine atoms; m and n each independently represent integers from 0 to 4; L is an ester group or ether bond; a represents 0 or 1.

[0018] Preferably, the polymer contains at least one polymerizable group and at least one initiator; the polymerizable group is selected from at least one of acrylic groups, methacrylic groups, allyl groups, or epoxy groups; the initiator is a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator; the mass percentage of the initiator to the total mass of the liquid crystal dimming layer is 0.01-5%.

[0019] Preferably, the ion liquid crystal is selected from one or two of P-1-1, P-2-1, P-2-4, P-2-7, P-2-8, P-2-9, P-2-11, P-2-12, P-2-13, P-2-14, P-3-1, P-4-2, P-4-3, P-4-4, P-4-5, P-4-6, P-4-7, P-5-1, P-6-1, P-7-1, P-8-1, P-8-3, P-9-1, PP-1-1, PP-1-7, PP-1-8, PP-1-17, PP-1-18, PP-2-6, PP-3-1, PP-4-1, or PP-5-1.

[0020] Preferably, the polymer mass is 30%, 50%, or 70% of the total mass of the polymer and the nematic liquid crystal; the ionic liquid crystal accounts for 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, or 2% of the total mass.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By adding ion-based liquid crystals, the electrical properties of the liquid crystal dimming layer can be changed without altering its original optical properties, thereby reducing the driving voltage.

[0022] Ionic liquid crystals possess both ionic and liquid crystal properties, making them compatible with organic materials in liquid crystal dimming layers. The amount added in this invention is low, resulting in minimal increase in product cost. At the same time, the risk of product breakdown is significantly reduced, and the stability of the liquid crystal dimming film is high. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following description is provided in conjunction with embodiments.

[0024] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all figures used in this specification and claims to represent feature dimensions, quantities, and physical properties should be understood to be modified by the term "about" in all cases. Therefore, unless stated to the contrary, the numerical parameters listed in the foregoing specification and appended claims are approximations, and those skilled in the art can appropriately modify these approximations to obtain the desired characteristics using the teachings disclosed herein. Unless otherwise specified, "about" fluctuates within 5%. For example, but not limited to, a weight ratio less than or equal to 2% means a weight ratio less than or equal to 2.1%. A weight ratio of 2.05% is considered to meet the limitation of "weight ratio less than or equal to 2%", while a weight ratio of 2.15% is considered not to meet the limitation of "weight ratio less than or equal to 2%". The use of numerical ranges indicated by endpoints includes all numbers within that range and any range within that range; for example, 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.55, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5, etc.

[0026] The nematic liquid crystal of the present invention contains at least one liquid crystal monomer with the structure shown in formula (I) below: ; In this invention, X and Y independently represent C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, cyano, isothiocyano, or fluorine atoms; ring A and ring B independently represent benzene, pyridine, or cyclohexane rings; the hydrogen atoms on ring A and ring B can be replaced by fluorine atoms; m and n independently represent integers from 0 to 4; L is an ester group or an ether bond; and a represents 0 or 1. It is understood that other liquid crystals containing nematic liquid crystals should also fall within the scope of this invention, such as adding a chiral agent to a nematic liquid crystal to enable it to achieve the properties of a cholesteric liquid crystal, which is also within the scope of this invention.

[0027] The nematic liquid crystal of this invention can be commercially available or self-made, for example E7, E8, SLC1717, SLC7011, ZLI-3239 or C7, all of which are well known to those skilled in the art. In the embodiments of this invention, the nematic liquid crystal is a positive liquid crystal.

[0028] For example, the chemical composition of E7 has the following components and proportions:

[0029] For example, the chemical composition of E8 has the following components and proportions:

[0030] For example, but without limitation, liquid crystals can use the following components and proportions; for ease of description, this liquid crystal is simply referred to as LC2026:

[0031] The polymer of the present invention contains at least one polymerizable group and at least one initiator; the polymerizable group is selected from at least one of acrylic group, methacrylic group, allyl group or epoxy group; the initiator is a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator; the mass percentage of the initiator to the total mass of the liquid crystal dimming layer is 0.01-5%.

[0032] The polymers described in this invention may also contain polystyrene, polycarbonate, and thiol polymers. Regarding the type of initiator, it can be either a free radical initiator or a cationic initiator. Specific examples, but not limited to, include 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenylacetone (1173), 1-hydroxycyclohexylbenzophenone (184), benzoin dimethyl ether (651), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO), bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide (819), and isopropylthioxanthraquinone (ITX).

[0033] This invention uses polymers, which can be commercially available or self-made. Commercially available polymers, such as NOA65, are widely used in the industry.

[0034] Homemade polymers, for example but not limited to, can use the components and proportions shown below.

[0035] Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionic acid) ester, in a proportion of 50-70%; 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TAIC), in a proportion of 30-50%; 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, in a proportion of 5-10%; and 2-carboxyethyl methacrylate, in a proportion of 5-10%. Unless otherwise specified, the proportions in this invention are weight percentages.

[0036] As a formulation for a liquid crystal dimming film, it typically requires mixing followed by thermosetting or photocuring. Those skilled in the art will understand that the polymer in this invention is the uncured state. Since there is no solvent, the quality before and after curing can be considered unchanged. To achieve better results, spacers can be added. Specific Implementation Example 1 E7 liquid crystal and NOA65 were mixed in a 1:1 ratio and stirred thoroughly. With a total of 100 parts E7 liquid crystal and NOA65, 1 part (1%) of initiator TPO, 0.05 parts (0.05%) of ion-liquid crystal, and 0.5 parts (0.5%) of 20-micron glass microspheres were added. It is understood that the method of adding materials and the actual proportions may differ. When 0.05% of ion-liquid crystal is added according to the above proportions, the proportion of ion-liquid crystal in the entire formulation is less than 0.05%, approximately equal to 0.0492%. To achieve 0.05% of the total mass, 0.051 parts of ion-liquid crystal should be added, resulting in a calculated proportion of ion-liquid crystal of approximately 0.0502% of the total mass. In this embodiment, the ion-liquid crystal is P-1-1.

[0038] After the above mixture is stirred evenly, it is rolled with ITO-PET film to form a 20-micron film, which is then cured under ultraviolet light with an intensity of 6mW / cm2 and a wavelength of 365nm to obtain a sample for photoelectric performance testing. Specific Implementation Example 2 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-2-1. Specific Implementation Example 3 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-2-4. Specific Implementation Example 4 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-2-7. Specific Implementation Example 5 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-2-8. Specific Implementation Example 6 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-2-9. Specific Implementation Example 7 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-2-11. Specific Implementation Example 8 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-2-12. Specific Implementation Example 9 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-2-13. Specific Implementation Example 10 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-2-14. Specific Implementation Example 11 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-3-1. Specific Implementation Example 12 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-4-2. Specific Implementation Example 13 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-4-3. Specific Implementation Example 14 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-4-4. Specific Implementation Example 15 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-4-5. Specific Implementation Example 16 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-4-6. Specific Implementation Example 17 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-4-7. Specific Implementation Example 18 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-5-1. Specific Implementation Example 19 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-6-1. Specific Implementation Example 20 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-7-1. Specific Implementation Example 21 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-8-1. Specific Implementation Example 22 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-8-3. Specific Implementation Example 23 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with P-9-1. Specific Implementation Example 24 E7 liquid crystal and NOA65 were mixed in a 1:1 ratio and stirred until homogeneous. With a total of 100 parts E7 liquid crystal and NOA65, 1 part (1%) of initiator TPO and 0.5 parts (0.5%) of 20-micron glass microspheres were added, followed by the addition of ion-soluble liquid crystal. Calculations showed that adding 2.07 parts of ion-soluble liquid crystal resulted in a total mass of 2% of the total liquid crystal. In this embodiment, the ion-soluble liquid crystal was P-1-1.

[0062] After the above mixture is stirred evenly, it is rolled with ITO-PET film to form a 20-micron film, which is then cured under ultraviolet light with an intensity of 6mW / cm2 and a wavelength of 365nm to obtain a sample for photoelectric performance testing. Specific Implementation Example 25 The same method as in Example 24 was used, except that the proportion of ion liquid crystal was changed to 1% of the total mass. Specific Implementation Example 26 The same method as in Example 24 was used, except that the proportion of ion liquid crystal was changed to 0.1% of the total mass. Specific Implementation Example 27 The same method as in Example 24 was used, except that the proportion of ion liquid crystal was changed to 0.01% of the total mass. Specific Implementation Example 28 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the E7 liquid crystal and NOA65 were mixed in a ratio of 3:7. Specific Implementation Example 29 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the E7 liquid crystal and NOA65 were mixed in a 7:3 ratio. Specific Implementation Example 30 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the E7 liquid crystal and the self-made polymer were mixed in a 7:3 ratio.

[0069] The self-made polymer components and proportions are as follows: pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionic acid) ester, 50%; 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TAIC), 40%; 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, 5%; and 2-carboxyethyl methacrylate, 5%. Specific Implementation Example 31 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the self-made liquid crystal LC2026 and NOA65 were mixed in a ratio of 7:3. Specific Implementation Example 32 E8 liquid crystal and NOA65 were mixed in a 1:1 ratio and stirred until homogeneous. With a total of 100 parts E8 liquid crystal and NOA65, 1 part (1%) of initiator 819, 0.05 part (0.05%) of ionomer liquid crystal, and 0.5 part (0.5%) of 20-micron glass microspheres were added. In this embodiment, the ionomer liquid crystal is PP-1-1.

[0072] After the above mixture is stirred evenly, it is rolled with ITO-PET film to form a 20-micron film, which is then cured under ultraviolet light with an intensity of 6mW / cm2 and a wavelength of 365nm to obtain a sample for photoelectric performance testing. Specific Implementation Example 33 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the proportion of the ion liquid crystal was changed to 0.01% of the total mass. Specific Implementation Example 34 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the proportion of ion liquid crystal was changed to 0.1% of the total mass. Specific Implementation Example 35 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the proportion of ion liquid crystal was changed to 0.5% of the total mass. Specific Implementation Example 36 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the proportion of ion liquid crystal was changed to 1% of the total mass. Specific Implementation Example 37 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with PP-1-7. Specific Implementation Example 38 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with PP-1-8. Specific Implementation Example 39 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with PP-1-17. Specific Implementation Example 40 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with PP-1-18. Specific Implementation Example 41 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with PP-2-1. Specific Implementation Example 42 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with PP-2-6. Specific Implementation Example 43 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with PP-3-1. Specific Implementation Example 44 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with PP-4-1. Specific Implementation Example 45 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that the ion liquid crystal was replaced with PP-5-1. Specific Implementation Example 46 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that one type of ion liquid crystal was replaced with two types of ion liquid crystals, PP-1-17 and PP-1-18, with each type of ion liquid crystal accounting for 0.01%. Specific Implementation Example 47 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that one type of ion liquid crystal was replaced with two types of ion liquid crystals, PP-1-17 and PP-1-18, with each type of ion liquid crystal accounting for 0.1%. Specific Implementation Example 48 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that one type of ion liquid crystal was replaced with two types of ion liquid crystals, PP-1-7 and PP-1-18, with each type of ion liquid crystal accounting for 0.5%. Specific Implementation Example 49 The same method as in Example 32 was used, except that one type of ion liquid crystal was replaced with two types of ion liquid crystals, PP-4-7 and PP-1-18, with each type of ion liquid crystal accounting for 0.05%.

[0090] Comparative Example 1 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that ion liquid crystal was not added.

[0091] Comparative Example 2 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the proportion of ion liquid crystal was changed to 3%.

[0092] Comparative Example 3 The same method as in Example 1 was used, except that the added ionic liquid crystal was 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide.

[0093] Regarding photoelectric performance testing, the driving voltage is defined as 90% of the maximum transmittance. This invention considers driving voltages below 36V to be low, safe for the human body, and capable of reducing power consumption. Stability is tested using two indicators. Stability 1 is the on-off cycle index, defined as a transmittance change of less than 5% after 100,000 switching cycles at room temperature; such stability is considered high. Stability 2 is the electrical breakdown performance, defined as a transmittance change of less than 5% after 10 on-off cycles using twice the driving voltage followed by 60 minutes of continuous operation; such stability is considered high. For the Stability 2 test, any burst points or corrosion points will result in immediate failure.

[0094] The test data for Examples 1-31 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are as follows.

[0095] As can be seen, the driving voltage is high without the addition of ionic liquid crystal, while adding a high proportion of ionic liquid crystal leads to a visible failure in the stability 2 test. Adding ionic liquid crystal without a pyridine ring also lowers the driving voltage, but the stability 1 test fails. Comparing the embodiments of this invention with the comparative examples, the stability test data may be mistakenly perceived as having little difference. For example, the stability 1 test result for comparative example 3 is 5.3%, while the stability 1 test result for embodiment 25 of this invention is 4.8%, a difference of 0.5 percentage points. In reality, for sample testing, 5% is considered a threshold. Deviations within the threshold range may be considered small, such as classifying products as excellent or good. However, deviations outside the threshold range are classified as qualified or unqualified, with a significant difference between the two.

[0096] The test data for Examples 32-49 are as follows.

[0097] As can be seen, the ionic liquid crystals of the bipyridine series have similar results to those of the monopyridine series.

[0098] By adding a small proportion of ion-liquid crystal, the driving voltage was reduced to below 36V, and the voltage drop was significant. According to test results, its stability meets the requirements. It can be seen that the type of ion-liquid crystal has little impact on stability; a small proportion of ion-liquid crystal is sufficient to meet the requirement of reducing the driving voltage.

[0099] As can be seen from the comparative examples, not all ion liquid crystals can achieve the same inventive effect. The comparative example provides an ion liquid crystal without a pyridine ring structure, but its stability test does not meet the requirements.

[0100] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but only requires conformity with the principles and features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A low-voltage driven liquid crystal dimming film, characterized in that, The liquid crystal dimming film contains a liquid crystal dimming layer, which contains nematic liquid crystal, polymer, and ionic liquid crystal. The polymer accounts for 30%-70% of the total mass of the polymer and nematic liquid crystal, and the ionic liquid crystal accounts for less than or equal to 2% of the total mass of the liquid crystal dimming layer. The ionic liquid crystal contains a pyridine ring structure.

2. The liquid crystal dimming film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ion-liquid crystal also contains at least one long-chain alkyl group, wherein the long-chain alkyl group has 4-16 carbon atoms.

3. The liquid crystal dimming film according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ion-liquid crystal is selected from at least one of the compounds shown in the following structures: ； p and q each independently represent positive integers from 6 to 16; p and q can be the same or different; X - The term refers to a pair of anions, wherein the pair of anions is an organic or inorganic anion, and the pair of anions is selected from one of the following: bromide ion, iodide ion, thiocyanate ion, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, methanesulfonate, phenylsulfonate, toluenesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, acetate, trifluoroacetate, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, tetraphenylborate, or nitrate.

4. The liquid crystal dimming film according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ion-liquid crystal is selected from at least one of the compounds shown in the following structures: ； k and j each independently represent positive integers from 4 to 14; k and j can be the same or different; Y - The term refers to a pair of anions, wherein the pair of anions is an organic or inorganic anion, and the pair of anions is selected from one of the following: bromide ion, iodide ion, thiocyanate ion, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, methanesulfonate, phenylsulfonate, toluenesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, acetate, trifluoroacetate, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, tetraphenylborate, or nitrate.

5. The liquid crystal dimming film according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ion-liquid crystal is selected from at least one of the compounds shown in the following structures: 。 6. The liquid crystal dimming film according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ion-liquid crystal is selected from at least one of the compounds shown in the following structures: 。 7. The liquid crystal dimming film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nematic liquid crystal contains at least one liquid crystal monomer with the structure shown in formula (I) below: Wherein, X and Y each independently represent a C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, cyano, isothiocyano or fluorine atom, ring A and ring B each independently represent a benzene ring, pyridine ring or cyclohexane ring; the hydrogen atoms on ring A and ring B can be replaced by fluorine atoms; m and n each independently represent integers from 0 to 4; L is an ester group or ether bond; a represents 0 or 1.

8. The liquid crystal dimming film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polymer contains at least one polymerizable group and at least one initiator; the polymerizable group is selected from at least one of acrylic groups, methacrylic groups, allyl groups or epoxy groups; the initiator is a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator; the mass percentage of the initiator to the total mass of the liquid crystal dimming layer is 0.01-5%.

9. The liquid crystal dimming film according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ion liquid crystal is selected from one or two of P-1-1, P-2-1, P-2-4, P-2-7, P-2-8, P-2-9, P-2-11, P-2-12, P-2-13, P-2-14, P-3-1, P-4-2, P-4-3, P-4-4, P-4-5, P-4-6, P-4-7, P-5-1, P-6-1, P-7-1, P-8-1, P-8-3, P-9-1, PP-1-1, PP-1-7, PP-1-8, PP-1-17, PP-1-18, PP-2-6, PP-3-1, PP-4-1, or PP-5-1.

10. The liquid crystal dimming film according to claim 5, characterized in that, The polymer mass is 30%, 50%, or 70% of the total mass of the polymer and nematic liquid crystal; the ionic liquid crystal accounts for 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, or 2% of the total mass.

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