Astronomical teaching aid for measuring twenty-four solar terms

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of astronomical teaching aids, in particular to an astronomical teaching aid for measuring twenty-four solar terms, which comprises a ruler body, a copper watch, a square hole, a storage groove and scale marks. A containing groove is formed in one side of the ruler body, a square hole is formed in the upper portion of the containing groove, scale marks are arranged on the upper portion of the ruler body, and a copper meter is arranged on the inner side of the square hole. The ruler body is 35cm in length, 5cm in width and 3cm in thickness; the copper meter is 18cm in length and 1cm in square; the depth of the square hole is 2cm, and is 0.5 cm; the storage groove is 18.5 cm in length, 0.5 cm in width and 1 cm in depth; the utility model is simple, convenient, practical and beautiful, not only demonstrates an astronomical measurement method of determining 24 solar terms by measuring images with a guytometer, but also plays a role in spreading traditional astronomical knowledge of 24 solar terms, four elephants and twenty-eight nights in China; the teaching aid is suitable for astronomy and geography lessons in middle schools, and can help students to deepen the understanding of related knowledge.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to astronomical teaching aid technical field, especially a kind of astronomical teaching aid for measuring twenty-four solar terms. BACKGROUND

[0002] Astronomical teaching aid gnomon table is an ancient astronomical instrument for measuring the length of sun shadow, which is composed of two components, gnomon and table, and the gnomon and table are connected at right angles.When the sun shines on the table, a shadow of the table will appear on the gnomon, and by measuring the length of the shadow, the time or season can be determined.The gnomon table can also be used to set up seasonal events, such as winter solstice and summer solstice.

[0003] The existing astronomical teaching aid gnomon table may focus more on the measurement function, but it is insufficient in intuitively displaying the distribution rule of twenty-four solar terms.Students have difficulty in directly understanding the relationship between solar terms, sun position and sun shadow length through simple measurement operations.Some teaching tools may only have a single teaching function, such as being used only as a measuring tool or only for displaying solar terms, and fail to integrate multiple functions into one, limiting their widespread application in teaching.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the problem that the existing gnomon table may focus more on the measurement function, but it is insufficient in intuitively displaying the distribution rule of twenty-four solar terms, and students have difficulty in directly understanding the relationship between solar terms, sun position and sun shadow length through simple measurement operations, a kind of astronomical teaching aid for measuring twenty-four solar terms is proposed, which forms a gnomon table by combining a copper table and a ruler body, so that students can intuitively observe the process of sun shadow moving with the change of sun position, thereby better understanding the distribution rule of twenty-four solar terms.The teaching aid not only has the function of displaying the distribution rule of solar terms, but also can be used as a ruler, which makes the teaching aid more versatile and flexible in teaching application. SUMMARY

[0005] To overcome the problem that the existing gnomon table may focus more on the measurement function, but it is insufficient in intuitively displaying the distribution rule of twenty-four solar terms, and students have difficulty in directly understanding the relationship between solar terms, sun position and sun shadow length through simple measurement operations.

[0006] The technical solution of the utility model is: an astronomical teaching aid for measuring twenty-four solar terms, comprising a ruler body, a copper table, a square hole, a storage slot and a scale line; the storage slot is formed on one side of the ruler body, the square hole is formed above the storage slot, the scale line is arranged on the upper side of the ruler body, and the copper table is arranged on the inner side of the square hole; the ruler body is 35 cm long, 5 cm wide and 3 cm thick; the copper table is 18 cm long and 1 cm square; the square hole is 2 cm deep and 1.05 cm square; the storage slot is 18.5 cm long, 1.05 cm wide and 1 cm deep.

[0007] Preferably, by inserting the copper table into the square hole of the ruler body, a combined staff table with a height of 16 centimeters is formed, with two centimeters representing one chi and 16 centimeters representing the traditional eight-chi table; the combined staff table is placed horizontally in the north-south direction, with the copper table to the south and the ruler body to the north; the local time noon is observed every day to observe the shadow of the copper table, and the position of the shadow indicates the day of the 24 solar terms; from summer solstice to winter solstice, the table shadow is to the north of the scale line, indicating that it has entered the corresponding solar term on the lower side of the scale line, and the table shadow is exactly on the scale line, indicating that it is exactly in the corresponding solar term on the lower side of the scale line; from winter solstice to summer solstice, the table shadow is to the south of the scale line, indicating that it has entered the corresponding solar term on the upper side of the scale line, and the table shadow is exactly on the scale line, indicating that it is exactly in the corresponding solar term on the upper side of the scale line; it can directly reproduce the distribution rule of the 24 solar terms, and can be used as an auxiliary teaching aid for astronomy courses in primary and secondary schools, helping students to deepen their understanding, enhance their memory, and improve their learning effect. At the same time, it also has the function of ordinary ruler, and can be used as a ruler, its structure is simple, beautiful and easy to use, and it has strong practicality.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the scale line corresponds to the names of the 24 solar terms, the four images and the astronomical characteristic information of the 28 constellations; according to the four images, it is divided into four parts, East Dragon: seven constellations of Jiao, Kang, Di, Fang, Xin, Wei, Ji; South Phoenix: seven constellations of Jing, Liu, Xing, Zhang, Yi, Zhen, Zhen; West Tiger: seven constellations of Kui, Lou, Wei, Mao, Bi, Zhi, Can; North Black: seven constellations of Dou, Niu, Nv, Xu, Wei, Shi, Bi.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the scale line corresponding to the names of the 24 solar terms is calculated according to the geographical latitude of 34 degrees of the traditional "Dizhong", the ecliptic intersection angle of 23°26'10'' in the year 2024, and the noon sun's ground height calculated according to the longitude of the sun in the 24 solar terms.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the scale line corresponding to the names of the 24 solar terms includes the following: Lichun, Yushui, Jingzhe, Chunfen, Qingming, Guyu, Lixia, Xiaoman, Mangzhe, Xiazhi, Xiaoshu and Dashu.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the scale line corresponding to the names of the 24 solar terms also includes the following: Liju, Chushu, Bailu, Qiufen, Hanlu, Shuangjiang, Lidong, Xiaxue, Daxue, Dongzhi, Xiaohan and Dahan.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the scale line corresponding to the four images of the four images and the seven constellations is in the shape and position of the constellation, which is arranged according to the actual position of each constellation in the starry sky, and the distance between each constellation is determined according to the traditional distance of the 28 constellations.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the scale line corresponding to the four images of the four images and the seven constellations is in the shape and position of the constellation, which is arranged according to the actual position of each constellation in the starry sky, and the distance between each constellation is determined according to the traditional distance of the 28 constellations.

[0014] As preferred, the scale line corresponding to the astronomical characteristic information of the four images and twenty-eight constellations comprises auxiliary marks, and the auxiliary marks are constellation names and text labels.

[0015] The present utility model has the advantages of:

[0016] 1. The copper watch is inserted into the square hole of the ruler body to form a gnomon with a height of 16 cm, and 2 cm represents 1 chi, and 16 cm represents the traditional 8-chi watch; the combined gnomon is placed horizontally in the south-north direction, with the copper watch in the south and the ruler body pointing north; the local time is observed every day at noon, and the shadow of the copper watch indicates the day of the 24 solar terms; in the first half of the year from summer solstice to winter solstice, the watch shadow is on the north side of the scale line, indicating that the corresponding solar term has entered the lower side of the scale line; when the watch shadow is on the scale line, it indicates that the corresponding solar term is on the lower side of the scale line; in the second half of the year from winter solstice to summer solstice, the watch shadow is on the south side of the scale line, indicating that the corresponding solar term has entered the upper side of the scale line; when the watch shadow is on the scale line, it indicates that the corresponding solar term is on the upper side of the scale line; the 24 solar terms distribution rule can be intuitively reproduced, and the astronomical teaching aid for measuring the 24 solar terms can help students deepen their understanding, enhance their memory, and improve their learning effect; at the same time, it also has the function of ordinary ruler, and can be used as a ruler, which is simple in structure, beautiful in appearance, convenient to use, and high in practicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The utility model discloses a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of astronomical teaching aid for measuring 24 solar terms is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 The utility model discloses a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of astronomical teaching aid for measuring 24 solar terms is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 The utility model discloses a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of astronomical teaching aid for measuring 24 solar terms is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 The utility model discloses a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of astronomical teaching aid for measuring 24 solar terms is shown;

[0021] Mark explanation: 1, ruler body;2, copper watch;3, square hole;4, storage groove;5, scale line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The utility model will be further explained in connection with the drawings and examples.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1The utility model provides an embodiment: a kind of astronomical teaching aid for measuring twenty-four solar terms, including ruler body 1, copper table 2, square hole 3, storage groove 4 and scale line 5;One side of ruler body 1 is provided with storage groove 4, and the upper side of storage groove 4 is provided with square hole 3, and the upper side of ruler body 1 is provided with scale line 5, and the inner side of square hole 3 is provided with copper table 2;Ruler body 1 is 35 centimeters long, 5 centimeters wide, 3 centimeters thick;Copper table 2 is 18 centimeters long, 1 centimeter square;Square hole 3 is 2 centimeters deep, 1.05 centimeters square;Storage groove 4 is 18.5 centimeters long, 1.05 centimeters wide, 1 centimeter deep.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 2-4 In the embodiment, scale line 5 corresponds to twenty-four solar term name, four Xiang and twenty-eight constellations astronomical characteristic information;According to four Xiang, it is divided into four kinds, east Qinglong seven constellations: Jiao, Kang, Di, Fang, Xin, Wei, Ji;South Zhque: Jing, Gui, Liu, Xing, Zhang, Yi, Zhen;West Baihu: Kui, Lou, Wei, Mao, Bi, Zhi, Can;North Xuanwu: Dou, Niu, Nv, Xu, Wei, Shi, Bi;The scale position of scale line 5 corresponding to twenty-four solar term name is calculated according to the geographical latitude 34 degrees of Chinese traditional "Dizhong", the ecliptic intersection angle 23 ° 26 '10 '' of epoch 2024 and the noon sun ground height calculated according to the longitude of twenty-four solar term sun;The longitude of the sun in a year is marked as the sun's position, the spring equinox is 0 degrees, the Qingming is 15 degrees, and each solar term increases by 15 degrees, 24 solar terms a week;The ecliptic latitude δ can be calculated from the longitude, and the noon sun ground height H can be calculated from the geographical latitude φ of the observation site;The length of the shadow is calculated from the ground height;The specific calculation is as follows:

[0025] The formula for calculating the solar longitude from the solar term is as follows:

[0026] Wherein, is the solar longitude, N is the solar term number, from the spring equinox to the spring equinox, and the order increases to 24 in the spring equinox;

[0027] The solar declination is calculated from the solar longitude, and the sun is taken as the center, the direction from the sun to the winter solstice point is taken as the X axis, the direction from the sun to the spring equinox point is taken as the Y axis, and the direction of the earth's orbital angular velocity is taken as the Z axis to establish a plane rectangular coordinate system;When the solar longitude is , the direction of the earth's center to the sun is

[0028] ;

[0029] The angle between the earth's rotation angular velocity direction and the earth's orbital angular velocity direction is the ecliptic intersection angle, denoted as , the earth's rotation angular velocity direction can be expressed as

[0030] ;

[0031] Note that the direction of the earth's rotation angular velocity is also the normal vector of the earth's equatorial plane, so the intersection angle of the sun declination and the normal vector of the earth's equatorial plane is the latitude of the sun's direct point ; ; ;

[0032] ; ; ;

[0033] The noon sun's ground height is calculated by the sun declination, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0034] ; in the formula is the geographical latitude of a certain place;

[0035] The length of the table shadow of the twenty-four solar terms is calculated by the sun's height, and the length L of the table shadow is:

[0036] .

[0037] The scale line 5 corresponds to the names of the twenty-four solar terms, including Lichun, Yushui, Jingzhe, Chunfen, Qingming, Guyu, Lixia, Xiaoman, Mangzhe, Xiazhi, Xiaoshu and Daxia; the scale line 5 also corresponds to the names of the twenty-four solar terms, including Liqiu, Shuoshuo, Bailu, Qiufen, Hanlu, Shuangjiang, Lidong, Xiaoxue, Daxue, Dongzhi, Xiaohan and Dahan; by inserting the copper table 2 into the hole 3 of the ruler body 1, a gnomon table with a height of 16 centimeters is formed, and two centimeters represents a chi, and 16 centimeters represents the traditional eight-chi table; the combined gnomon table is placed horizontally in the north-south direction, with the copper table 2 located in the south and the ruler body 1 pointing north; the shadow of the copper table 2 at noon every day indicates the twenty-four solar term of the day; in the first half of the year from Xiazhi to Dongzhi, the table shadow is north of the scale line 5, indicating that it has entered the corresponding solar term below the scale line 5, and the table shadow is exactly on the scale line 5, indicating that it is exactly in the corresponding solar term below the scale line 5; in the second half of the year from Dongzhi to Xiazhi, the table shadow is south of the scale line 5, indicating that it has entered the corresponding solar term above the scale line 5, and the table shadow is exactly on the scale line 5, indicating that it is exactly in the corresponding solar term above the scale line 5.

[0038] As preferred, the constellation shape and position of the four-square seven-constellations corresponding to the four phases are arranged according to the actual positions of the constellations in the sky, the intervals between the constellations are determined according to the traditional intervals of the twenty-eight constellations, the constellation shape of the four-square seven-constellations corresponding to the four phases is presented in accurate proportion and position relationship, consistent with the actual shape and relative position in the sky, the constellation shape is drawn by clear lines or patterns, the astronomical characteristic information of the four phases and the twenty-eight constellations corresponding to the scale line 5 includes auxiliary marks, the auxiliary marks are constellation names and text labels, by storing the copper table 2 in the ruler body 1, a ruler is obtained, the twenty-four solar terms, the four phases and the twenty-eight constellations are displayed on the ruler body 1, which is not only beautiful and practical, but also spreads the astronomical calendar knowledge in the excellent traditional Chinese culture, integrating technology, science popularization and traditional culture.

[0039] In the work, first, the copper table 2 is inserted into the square hole 3 of the ruler body 1 to combine a gnomon table with a height of 16 centimeters, 2 centimeters representing 1 chi and 16 centimeters representing the traditional 8-chi table.

[0040] After the copper table 2 is inserted into the square hole 3 of the ruler body 1, the combined gnomon table is placed horizontally in the north-south direction, the copper table 2 is located in the south and the ruler body 1 is directed to the north.

[0041] After the device is placed, the sun shadow of the copper table 2 is observed at local noon every day, the position of the shadow indicates the twenty-four solar term of the day, in the half year from summer solstice to winter solstice, the table shadow is in the north of the scale line 5, indicating that it has entered the corresponding solar term on the lower side of the scale line 5, the table shadow is just on the scale line 5, indicating that it is just in the corresponding solar term on the lower side of the scale line 5, in the half year from winter solstice to summer solstice, the table shadow is in the south of the scale line 5, indicating that it has entered the corresponding solar term on the upper side of the scale line 5, the table shadow is just on the scale line 5, indicating that it is just in the corresponding solar term on the upper side of the scale line 5.

[0042] Through the above steps, the copper table 2 is inserted into the square hole 3 of the ruler body 1 to combine a gnomon table with a height of 16 centimeters, 2 centimeters representing 1 chi and 16 centimeters representing the traditional 8-chi table, the combined gnomon table is placed horizontally in the north-south direction, the copper table 2 is located in the south and the ruler body 1 is directed to the north, the sun shadow of the copper table 2 is observed at local noon every day, the position of the shadow indicates the twenty-four solar term of the day, in the half year from summer solstice to winter solstice, the table shadow is in the north of the scale line 5, indicating that it has entered the corresponding solar term on the lower side of the scale line 5, the table shadow is just on the scale line 5, indicating that it is just in the corresponding solar term on the lower side of the scale line 5, in the half year from winter solstice to summer solstice, the table shadow is in the south of the scale line 5, indicating that it has entered the corresponding solar term on the upper side of the scale line 5, the table shadow is just on the scale line 5, indicating that it is just in the corresponding solar term on the upper side of the scale line 5, the distribution rule of the twenty-four solar terms can be directly reproduced, as an auxiliary teaching aid for astronomical courses in primary and secondary schools, it can help students deepen understanding, enhance memory and improve learning effect, at the same time, it has the function of ordinary ruler, can be used as a ruler, its structure is simple, beautiful, easy to use and practical.

[0043] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application.

Claims

1. An astronomical teaching aid for measuring the 24 solar terms, comprising a ruler body (1) and a copper table (2); characterized in that: It also includes a square hole (3), a storage groove (4) and a scale line (5); one side of the ruler body (1) is provided with a storage groove (4), the upper side of the storage groove (4) is provided with a square hole (3), the upper side of the ruler body (1) is provided with a scale line (5), and the inner side of the square hole (3) is provided with a copper watch (2); the ruler body (1) is 35 cm long, 5 cm wide and 3 cm thick; the copper watch (2) is 18 cm long and 1 cm square; the square hole (3) is 2 cm deep and 0.5 cm square; the storage groove (4) is 18.5 cm long, 0.5 cm wide and 1 cm deep.

2. The astronomical teaching aid for measuring the 24 solar terms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scale line (5) corresponds to the twenty-four solar terms, four elements and twenty-eight constellations astronomical characteristic information; according to the four elements, it is divided into four kinds, East Dragon: Jiao, Kang, Di, Fang, Xin, Wei, Ji; South Phoenix: Jing, Gui, Liu, Xing, Zhang, Yi, Zhan; West Tiger: Kui, Lou, Wei, Mao, Bi, Zhi, Can; North Black: Dou, Niu, Nv, Xu, Wei, Shi, Bi.

3. The astronomical teaching aid for measuring the 24 solar terms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The scale line (5) corresponding to the scale position of the twenty-four solar terms name is calculated according to the geographical latitude of "Dizhong" in China tradition, the ecliptic intersection angle of 23°26'10" in 2024, and the noon sun's ground height calculated according to the ecliptic longitude of the twenty-four solar terms sun.

4. The astronomical teaching aid for measuring the 24 solar terms according to claim 3, characterized in that: The scale line (5) corresponding to the twenty-four solar terms name includes Lichun, Yushui, Jingzhe, Chunfen, Qingming, Guyu, Lixia, Xiaoman, Mangzhe, Xiazhi, Xiaoshu and Dashu.

5. The astronomical teaching aid for measuring the 24 solar terms according to claim 4, characterized in that: The scale line (5) corresponding to the twenty-four solar terms name also includes Liqiu, Chushu, Bailu, Qiufen, Hanlu, Shuangjiang, Lidong, Xiaoxue, Daxue, Dongzhi, Xiaohan and Dahan.

6. The astronomical teaching aid for measuring the 24 solar terms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The scale line (5) and the four elements corresponding to the four elements and seven constellations are arranged according to the actual position of each constellation in the starry sky, and the distance between each constellation is determined according to the traditional twenty-eight constellations distance.

7. The astronomical teaching aid for measuring the 24 solar terms according to claim 6, characterized in that: The scale line (5) corresponding to the four elements and seven constellations of the four elements presents accurate proportion and position relationship, which is consistent with the actual shape and relative position in the starry sky, and the constellation shape is drawn by clear lines or patterns.

8. The astronomical teaching aid for measuring the 24 solar terms according to claim 6, characterized in that: The scale line (5) corresponding to the four elements and twenty-eight constellations astronomical characteristic information includes auxiliary identification, and the auxiliary identification is the constellation name and the text label.

Images