UWB long-distance positioning base station

Abstract

The utility model discloses a UWB (Ultra Wideband) long-distance positioning base station, which adopts a quaternary array antenna architecture and comprises four antenna array units including two groups of directional antennas and two groups of omnidirectional antennas and having a working frequency range of 3.5-6.5 GHz; the signal processing unit is electrically connected with the four-path antenna array unit, an STM32F103 microprocessor is carried on the signal processing unit, and a TDOA / AOA hybrid algorithm is operated on the signal processing unit; the network communication module is electrically connected with the signal processing unit, and supports a dual gigabit Ethernet port and an IEEE1588v2 clock synchronization protocol; and the power supply management unit is electrically connected with the signal processing unit and is used for providing stable voltage for the base station. Through the four antenna array units, the signal processing unit and the network communication module, flexible power management and the stable network communication module, a high-precision and high-reliability long-distance positioning function is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of UWB positioning technology and relates to a UWB long-distance positioning base station. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of industrial intelligent development, the demand for high-precision positioning technology is increasing, and UWB positioning technology has attracted much attention due to its centimeter-level positioning accuracy. However, it still faces many bottlenecks when applied in complex industrial scenarios.

[0003] The single-antenna architecture limits the effective identification distance to within 200 meters, making it unsuitable for large-scale industrial applications. Multipath effects are pronounced in enclosed environments such as tunnels, resulting in a positioning drift rate exceeding 15%, severely impacting positioning accuracy. Traditional base stations have limited concurrent processing capabilities, handling a maximum of 500 tags per second, which can easily lead to congestion in densely populated areas with high concentrations of people and equipment.

[0004] In special scenarios such as mine tunnels and port storage yards, existing equipment lacks direction determination capabilities, and the signal attenuates severely in the 2.4GHz band, with a penetration loss of up to 8dB / m, resulting in positioning errors exceeding 30cm. Furthermore, the lack of a multi-antenna collaborative processing mechanism prevents simultaneous direction determination and distance measurement, thus reducing the overall performance of the positioning system. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a UWB long-range positioning base station, which solves at least one problem in the background art through a multi-antenna collaborative architecture and modular design.

[0006] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A UWB long-range positioning base station, employing a four-element array antenna architecture, includes:

[0008] The four-channel antenna array unit includes two sets of directional antennas and two sets of omnidirectional antennas, operating in the frequency band of 3.5-6.5GHz;

[0009] The signal processing unit is electrically connected to the four-channel antenna array unit and is equipped with an STM32F103 microprocessor that runs the TDOA / AOA hybrid algorithm.

[0010] A network communication module is electrically connected to the signal processing unit and supports dual gigabit Ethernet ports and the IEEE 1588v2 clock synchronization protocol.

[0011] A power management unit, electrically connected to the signal processing unit, is used to provide a stable voltage to the base station;

[0012] A power supply unit, which includes a battery or a USB charging interface, is used to supply power to the power management unit.

[0013] As a further improvement of one embodiment of this utility model, the directional antenna is encapsulated in an IP67-rated waterproof cavity, each antenna integrates a DW1000 module, and the RF link loss is ≤0.8dB; the omnidirectional antenna is an integrated antenna built into the PCB.

[0014] As a further improvement of one embodiment of the present invention, the DW1000 module is electrically connected to the power amplifier circuit and the filter circuit respectively.

[0015] As a further improvement to one embodiment of this utility model, the signal processing unit supports 4-channel parallel processing with a sampling rate of 62MHz, and achieves positioning through a "distance-direction" decoupling algorithm, wherein:

[0016] The directional antenna arrays are arranged at λ / 2 intervals, and ±5° azimuth angle detection is achieved through phase interferometry.

[0017] The omnidirectional antenna array uses TDOA technology for distance calculation, achieving a resolution of 2cm.

[0018] As a further improvement of one embodiment of this utility model, the DW1000 module is directly integrated into the antenna cavity and connected to the signal processing unit through a flexible PCB with a length ≤5cm.

[0019] As a further improvement of one embodiment of this utility model, the power management unit supports a wide voltage input of 9-36VDC and works with a digital power amplifier to achieve dynamic power adjustment, supporting dynamic power adjustment of 0.1-2W; it can output 33dBm EIRP in LOS environment, with a maximum identification distance of 800 meters (@1Mbps).

[0020] As a further improvement of one embodiment of the present invention, the spatial arrangement of the directional antenna and the omnidirectional antenna satisfies the following: the axes of the two sets of directional antennas are arranged orthogonally, and the omnidirectional antenna is located at the intersection of the orthogonal axes.

[0021] As a further improvement of one embodiment of this utility model, the network communication module adopts a 232 communication module, and the 232 communication module is connected to the host computer network through a network conversion module.

[0022] The above technical solution offers the following advantages: High-precision and high-reliability long-range positioning is achieved through a four-channel antenna array unit, signal processing unit, network communication module, flexible power management, and a stable network communication module. The effective identification distance of the base station is increased to 800 meters (300% improvement over existing technologies), while the azimuth detection accuracy reaches ±2° (3D spatial positioning error <10cm). It possesses the capability to support concurrent processing of 1000 tags / second and improves the multipath suppression ratio to 18dB (positioning drift rate <3% in tunnel scenarios). Modular design allows for a base station deployment spacing of up to 1000 meters. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0024] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the implementation conditions of this utility model. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that this utility model can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this utility model.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the directional antenna provided by this utility model.

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the underlying management structure provided by this utility model.

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the communication connection structure provided by this utility model.

[0029] Figure 5 The circuit diagram of the DW1000 module inside the directional antenna provided by this utility model.

[0030] Figure 6 The circuit diagram of the 232 communication module provided by this utility model.

[0031] Figure 7 The power amplifier circuit provided by this utility model Figure 1 .

[0032] Figure 8 The power amplifier circuit provided by this utility model Figure 2 .

[0033] Figure 9 The power supply circuit diagram provided for this utility model.

[0034] Figure 10 The MCU circuit diagram provided for this utility model.

[0035] Figure 11 The circuit diagram of the filter circuit provided by this utility model.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a circuit diagram of the power supply circuit in the underlying management section.

[0037] Figure 13 This is the circuit diagram of the 232 communication module in the underlying management section.

[0038] Figure 14 This is the circuit diagram of the omnidirectional antenna + DW1000 in the underlying management section.

[0039] Figure 15 This is a circuit diagram of the network conversion module in the underlying management section.

[0040] Figure 16 This is a circuit diagram of the status indication section in the underlying management part.

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] 1. Directional antenna;

[0043] 2. Omnidirectional antenna;

[0044] 3. Signal processing unit;

[0045] 4. Network communication module;

[0046] 5. Power Management Unit. Detailed Implementation

[0047] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0048] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0049] In this utility model, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "top," and "bottom" are generally used in relation to the direction shown in the accompanying drawings, or in relation to the vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational direction of the component itself; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself, but the above directional terms are not used to limit this utility model. Example

[0050] See Figures 1-16 As shown, a UWB long-range positioning base station adopts a four-element array antenna architecture, aiming to achieve high-precision and high-reliability long-range positioning functionality. The base station includes a four-channel antenna array unit, a signal processing unit 3, a network communication module 4, a power management unit 5, etc., wherein:

[0051] The four-antenna array unit, as the core sensing component of the base station, includes two sets of directional antennas (1) and two sets of omnidirectional antennas (2), operating in the 3.5-6.5GHz frequency band, and can flexibly adapt to the signal reception requirements of different environments. The directional antennas have high directivity and can accurately capture signals from a specific direction; while the omnidirectional antennas provide all-around signal coverage, ensuring that the base station can receive signals from all directions.

[0052] The signal processing unit 3 is electrically connected to the four-antenna array unit. It is equipped with an STM32F103 microprocessor (MCU) and runs the TDOA / AOA hybrid algorithm. The TDOA / AOA hybrid algorithm is a technology for wireless positioning that combines the advantages of both TDOA and AOA algorithms to improve positioning accuracy and reliability. It falls within the scope of existing technology.

[0053] Network communication module 4, acting as a bridge between the base station and the outside world, is electrically connected to signal processing unit 3. It supports dual gigabit Ethernet ports and IEEE 1588v2 clock synchronization protocol to ensure high-speed, stable and accurate data transmission.

[0054] The power management unit 5 is responsible for providing a stable voltage supply to the base station. It is electrically connected to the signal processing unit 3 to ensure the normal operation of all components of the base station. The power supply unit uses a battery or USB charging interface as the energy input to provide continuous power support to the power management unit 5, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the base station.

[0055] Specifically, directional antenna 1 employs an IP67-rated waterproof cavity enclosure. This enclosure not only effectively protects the internal components from harsh environments but also enhances the antenna's durability and stability. Each directional antenna 1 integrates a DW1000 module, which boasts high-precision positioning capabilities and RF link loss controlled to ≤0.8dB, ensuring efficient signal transmission. Omnidirectional antenna 2 utilizes a PCB-integrated antenna design, resulting in a compact structure and stable performance. The DW1000 module is electrically connected to both the power amplifier circuit and the filter circuit. The power amplifier circuit enhances signal strength, while the filter circuit effectively removes clutter, improving signal quality.

[0056] In this embodiment, the DW1000 module is directly integrated into the antenna cavity. This compact design not only saves space but also improves the overall performance and stability of the system. The DW1000 module is electrically connected to the signal processing unit via a flexible PCB with a length not exceeding 5cm. This short-distance connection effectively reduces signal loss and interference during transmission, ensuring efficient and accurate data transmission.

[0057] In terms of antenna layout, the spatial arrangement of directional antenna 1 and omnidirectional antenna 2 has been carefully designed. The two sets of directional antennas are arranged orthogonally, forming a three-dimensional signal reception mode that can capture target signals from all directions. The omnidirectional antenna is located at the intersection of the orthogonal axes. This layout allows the omnidirectional antenna to make full use of its omnidirectional reception characteristics, complementing the directional antenna and jointly improving the positioning accuracy and reliability of the base station.

[0058] In this embodiment, the signal processing unit 3 supports 4-channel parallel processing with a sampling rate of up to 62MHz, enabling efficient processing of signal data from four antenna array units. Through a "range-direction" decoupling algorithm, the signal processing unit 3 can accurately achieve positioning. This algorithm combines the advantages of range and direction measurement, effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of positioning. The "range-direction" decoupling algorithm is an algorithm that processes range and direction information separately to improve positioning accuracy and reliability; this algorithm itself falls within the scope of existing technology.

[0059] In terms of antenna configuration, the directional antenna arrays are arranged at intervals of λ / 2 (half the wavelength). This layout fully utilizes the principle of phase interference to achieve high-precision azimuth angle detection. By accurately measuring the phase difference between signals, the directional antenna arrays can accurately determine the direction of the target, with an azimuth angle detection accuracy of ±5°, providing reliable directional information for positioning.

[0060] The omnidirectional antenna array employs TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) technology for distance calculation. This technology calculates the distance between the target and the base station by measuring the time difference of signal arrival at different antennas. The omnidirectional antenna array achieves a distance calculation resolution of up to 2cm, enabling precise acquisition of target location information. TDOA technology is a wireless positioning technology used for target localization and falls within the scope of existing technology.

[0061] As a crucial component of the base station, the power management unit 5 supports a wide voltage input of 9-36VDC, adapting to power requirements in various environments. Simultaneously, the power management unit 5, in conjunction with a digital power amplifier, enables dynamic power adjustment, supporting a power range of 0.1-2W, allowing for flexible adjustment of output power according to actual needs. In a line-of-sight (LOS) environment, the base station can output up to 33dBm of EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power), with a maximum identification distance of up to 800 meters (at a transmission rate of 1Mbps), fully meeting the requirements for long-distance positioning.

[0062] Network communication module 4 uses a RS-232 communication module, which connects to the host computer network via a network conversion module, enabling data transmission and communication between the base station and the host computer. This communication method is stable and reliable, ensuring real-time transmission and processing of positioning data.

[0063] In summary, this UWB long-range positioning base station achieves high-precision and high-reliability long-range positioning through a four-antenna array unit, a signal processing unit 3, a network communication module 4, flexible power management, and a stable network communication module. Specifically, the effective identification distance of the base station has been significantly increased to 800 meters, a 300% leap compared to existing technologies. This allows the base station to cover a wider area and meet the needs of long-range positioning. Simultaneously, the azimuth detection accuracy reaches ±2°, and in three-dimensional spatial positioning, the error is controlled within <10cm, greatly improving the accuracy of positioning.

[0064] Furthermore, the base station possesses powerful concurrent processing capabilities, supporting 1000 tags per second of concurrent processing, ensuring stable positioning performance even in high-density tag environments. The multipath suppression ratio has been improved to 18dB, and especially in complex scenarios such as tunnels, the positioning drift rate is controlled to <3%, effectively reducing the impact of multipath effects on positioning accuracy.

[0065] This UWB long-range positioning base station adopts a modular design, and the deployment distance between base stations has been expanded to 1000 meters. This not only reduces deployment costs, but also improves the flexibility and scalability of the system, enabling the base station to better adapt to the application needs of various complex environments.

[0066] Obviously, the embodiments described above are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0067] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0068] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A UWB long-range positioning base station, characterized by, Adopting a four-element array antenna architecture, comprising: A four-way antenna array unit, containing two groups of directional antennas and two groups of omnidirectional antennas, with a working frequency range of 3.5-6.5 GHz; A signal processing unit, electrically connected to the four-way antenna array unit, with an STM32F103 microprocessor loaded thereon and running a TDOA / AOA hybrid algorithm; A network communication module, electrically connected to the signal processing unit, supporting a dual-gigabit Ethernet port and IEEE1588v2 clock synchronization protocol; A power management unit, electrically connected to the signal processing unit, for providing stable voltage to the base station.

2. The UWB long-range positioning base station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The directional antennas are packaged in IP67-level waterproof cavities, each antenna integrating a DW1000 module with a radio frequency link loss of ≤0.8 dB; the omnidirectional antennas are PCB built-in integrated antennas.

3. The UWB long-range positioning base station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The DW1000 modules are electrically connected to power amplifier circuits and filter circuits, respectively.

4. The UWB long-range positioning base station of claim 1, wherein: The signal processing unit supports 4-channel parallel processing with a sampling rate of 62 MHz, and realizes positioning through a "distance-direction" decoupling algorithm, wherein: The directional antenna groups are arranged at a λ / 2 interval and realize ±5° azimuth angle detection through phase interference measurement; The omnidirectional antenna groups use TDOA technology for distance resolution, with a resolution of 2 cm.

5. The UWB long-range positioning base station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The DW1000 modules are directly integrated in the antenna cavities and connected to the signal processing unit through a flexible PCB with a length of ≤5 cm.

6. The UWB long-range positioning base station of claim 1, wherein: The power management unit supports 9-36VDC wide voltage input, realizes dynamic power regulation with digital power amplifiers, supports 0.1-2W dynamic power regulation, and can output 33dBm EIRP in LOS environment, with a maximum identification distance of 800 meters.

7. The UWB long-range positioning base station of claim 1, wherein: The spatial arrangement of the directional antennas and omnidirectional antennas satisfies that the two groups of directional antennas are arranged orthogonally, and the omnidirectional antennas are located at the intersection of the orthogonal axes.

8. The UWB long-range positioning base station of claim 1, wherein: The network communication module uses a 232 communication module, which is connected to the upper computer network through a network conversion module.

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