Waste solar panel pyrolysis recovery system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a waste solar panel pyrolysis recovery system, which relates to the technical field of battery panel recovery, and comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a water-cooling spiral, a gravity separator, a slag bin, a pretreatment device, a condenser, a secondary combustion chamber, a heat exchanger, a tail gas purifier, an induced draft fan, a chimney and a liquid storage tank, the pretreatment device is connected to the input end of the pyrolyzing furnace, the input end of the condenser is connected with the output end of the pyrolyzing furnace, the non-condensable gas output end of the condenser is connected with the input end of the secondary combustion chamber, the condenser, the secondary combustion chamber, the heat exchanger, the tail gas purifier, the induced draft fan and the chimney are sequentially connected, and the condensate output end of the condenser is connected with the liquid storage tank. According to the waste solar panel pyrolysis recovery system provided by the utility model, the waste solar panel can be effectively recovered and treated, the resource recovery utilization rate can be improved, the adverse effect on the environment can be reduced, and a powerful guarantee is provided for green and efficient recovery and utilization of the waste solar panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar panel recycling technology, specifically to a pyrolysis recycling system for waste solar panels. Background Technology

[0002] With the ever-increasing global demand for clean energy, the solar energy industry is booming, and the application of solar panels, specifically solar cell panels, is becoming increasingly widespread. From large-scale solar power plants to residential distributed photovoltaic power generation systems, from off-grid power supply facilities in remote areas to integrated photovoltaic applications in urban buildings, solar panels have deeply integrated into all aspects of social production and life. However, solar panels have a limited lifespan. As early installed solar panels gradually reach the end of their service life, the generation of a large number of discarded solar panels has brought unprecedented severe environmental and resource challenges.

[0003] According to invention patent application CN115254911A, published on 2022-11-01, a method and system for recycling photovoltaic modules are disclosed. The photovoltaic module recycling method includes the following steps: (a) removing the junction box of the photovoltaic module and cleaning the backsheet of the photovoltaic module to obtain module A; (b) using a utility knife to cut the backsheet to form a cross-shaped line, and cutting the edge line of the aluminum frame on module A to obtain module B; (c) heat-treating module B, and then using a clamp and utility knife to peel off the backsheet to obtain module C; (d) using a cutting tool to peel off the solar cells of module C; (e) disassembling the aluminum frame of the module obtained after peeling off the solar cells in step (d). Its main technical effect is that it can achieve the recycling of aluminum frames, junction boxes, intact tempered glass, TPT backsheets, and EVA / Si solar cells while minimizing pollution and increasing the recycling rate.

[0004] Existing technologies typically employ incineration and landfill disposal. While incineration can reduce the volume of waste to some extent, it releases a large amount of harmful gases during incineration. Landfill disposal occupies land resources and pollutes land and water resources. Therefore, a waste solar panel pyrolysis recycling system is proposed, aiming to fully exploit the resource value of waste solar panels, realize resource recycling and reuse, and reduce negative environmental impacts. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pyrolysis recycling system for waste solar panels, which aims to fully exploit the resource value of waste solar panels, realize resource recycling and reuse, and reduce negative environmental impacts.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A waste solar panel pyrolysis recycling system includes a pyrolysis furnace, a water-cooled spiral, a gravity separator, and a slag bin, which are connected in sequence. The system also includes a pretreatment device, a condenser, a secondary combustion chamber, a heat exchanger, a tail gas purifier, an induced draft fan, a chimney, and a liquid storage tank. The pretreatment device is connected to the input end of the pyrolysis furnace, the input end of the condenser is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis furnace, the non-condensable gas output end of the condenser is connected to the input end of the secondary combustion chamber, and the condenser, secondary combustion chamber, heat exchanger, tail gas purifier, induced draft fan, and chimney are connected in sequence. The condensate output end of the condenser is connected to the liquid storage tank.

[0008] Preferably, the pretreatment device includes a frame removal machine and a junction box removal machine.

[0009] Preferably, the system also includes a circulating water tank, which is connected to both the heat exchanger and the water-cooled spiral.

[0010] Preferably, a chiller is also included, which is connected to a condenser.

[0011] Preferably, there are multiple slag bins connected in parallel, and each of the multiple slag bins is connected to multiple output terminals of a gravity separator.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the waste solar panel pyrolysis recycling system provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] This invention utilizes an oxygen-deficient pyrolysis furnace to process pre-treated solar panels. Part of the waste is gasified, releasing heat during the process and further promoting complete and thorough pyrolysis of organic matter. The pyrolysis gas is condensed in a condenser and recovered through a storage tank connected to the condenser. Non-condensable gases are fully combusted in a secondary combustion chamber. The resulting high-temperature flue gas undergoes waste heat recovery via a heat exchanger before being purified by a tail gas purifier and then discharged through an induced draft fan and chimney. This process ensures complete combustion and decomposition of harmful gases, guaranteeing that the generated exhaust gas meets environmental emission standards and reducing environmental pollution.

[0014] The solid waste generated from pyrolysis is cooled by a water-cooled spiral and then separated by a gravity separator before being recycled through a slag bin.

[0015] The heat from the high-temperature gas is exchanged through a heat exchanger, and the resulting hot air is used to aid combustion of the fuel in the pyrolysis furnace, achieving efficient energy utilization of the entire pyrolysis system. This energy recycling model reduces dependence on external energy sources and lowers energy costs.

[0016] The ability to effectively recycle and process waste solar panels can not only significantly improve the recycling rate of resources, but also greatly reduce the adverse impact on the environment, providing a strong guarantee for the green and efficient recycling of waste solar panels. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the composition structure provided for an embodiment of this utility model.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0020] 1. Pretreatment unit; 2. Pyrolysis furnace; 3. Water-cooled spiral; 4. Gravity separator; 5. Slag bin; 6. Condenser; 7. Secondary combustion chamber; 8. Heat exchanger; 9. Exhaust gas purifier; 10. Exhaust fan; 11. Chimney; 12. Liquid storage tank; 13. Circulating water tank; 14. Chiller. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 A waste solar panel pyrolysis recycling system includes a pyrolysis furnace 2, a water-cooled spiral auger 3, a gravity separator 4, and a slag bin 5, which are connected in sequence. The system also includes a pretreatment device 1, a condenser 6, a secondary combustion chamber 7, a heat exchanger 8, a tail gas purifier 9, an induced draft fan 10, a chimney 11, and a liquid storage tank 12. The pretreatment device 1 is connected to the input end of the pyrolysis furnace 2. The input end of the condenser 6 is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis furnace 2. The non-condensable gas output end of the condenser 6 is connected to the input end of the secondary combustion chamber 7. The condenser 6, secondary combustion chamber 7, heat exchanger 8, tail gas purifier 9, induced draft fan 10, and chimney 11 are connected in sequence. The condensate output end of the condenser 6 is connected to the liquid storage tank 12.

[0023] It should be noted that the pretreatment device 1 is a conventional battery pretreatment device in the prior art. The waste solar panel is disassembled by the pretreatment device 1, and the aluminum frame and junction box of the solar panel are removed. The remaining parts, such as glass, silicon wafer and EVA film, are put into the pyrolysis furnace 2 for high-temperature calcination. Under high-temperature calcination, the organic gases in the solar panel volatilize, thereby achieving effective separation of glass, silicon wafer and EVA film.

[0024] By separating the glass, silicon wafer and EVA film using the pyrolysis furnace 2, the glass separation can be more thorough, preventing glass fragments from remaining and not being completely separated during the initial glass disassembly.

[0025] As an embodiment of the pretreatment device 1 provided by this utility model, the pretreatment device 1 specifically includes a frame removal machine and a junction box removal machine, used to remove the outer frame and junction box of the waste solar panel.

[0026] The material output end of the pyrolysis furnace 2 is connected to the input end of the water-cooled spiral 3. The pyrolysis slag generated during the pyrolysis process is gradually cooled during the conveying process of the water-cooled spiral 3, preparing for the subsequent sorting work.

[0027] The output end of the water-cooled spiral 3 is connected to the gravity separator 4. Under the action of the gravity separator 4, the pyrolysis residue is separated into glass, ceramics, metals and alloys according to the gravity characteristics of different substances.

[0028] As an embodiment of this utility model, there are multiple slag bins 5, which are located at multiple output ends of the gravity separator 4. As an embodiment of this utility model, there are two slag bins 5. Under the sorting action of the gravity separator 4, the glass, ceramic, metal and alloy materials inside are separated. The glass and ceramic materials enter one slag bin 5, while the metal and alloy materials enter the other slag bin 5, which can realize the efficient recycling and reuse of resources.

[0029] Multiple slag bins 5 are connected in parallel with gravity separators 4 to receive pyrolysis slag passing through gravity separators 4, so that different types of slag materials can be stored in an orderly manner, which is convenient for subsequent processing and utilization.

[0030] The gas output end of pyrolysis furnace 2 is connected to the input end of condenser 6. The pyrolysis gas generated during the pyrolysis process enters condenser 6 and is cooled down. Some of the pyrolysis gas will condense into condensate, which can be recycled as fuel, while the non-condensable gas will be further processed.

[0031] The non-condensable gas output end of the condenser 6 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 7, where the non-condensable gas is fully combusted to eliminate any potentially harmful substances.

[0032] The output end of the secondary combustion chamber 7 is connected to the heat exchanger 8. The high-temperature flue gas after complete combustion is cooled when passing through the heat exchanger 8, recovering some heat and improving energy utilization efficiency. The recovered heat can be transferred back to the pyrolysis furnace 2, saving energy.

[0033] The output end of the heat exchanger 8 is connected to the input end of the exhaust gas purifier 9. The cooled low-temperature flue gas enters the exhaust gas purifier 9, where the flue gas is deeply purified and pollutants are removed.

[0034] The output end of the exhaust gas purifier 9 is connected to the induced draft fan 10. The induced draft fan 10 draws in the purified flue gas and discharges it into the atmosphere through the chimney 11, ensuring that the emitted flue gas meets environmental protection standards.

[0035] As an embodiment of the exhaust gas purifier 9 provided by this utility model, the exhaust gas purifier 9 includes conventional equipment such as a deacidification tower and a dust collector for purifying organic gases, and is used to purify exhaust gases.

[0036] The condensate outlet of condenser 6 is connected to the liquid storage tank 12, which facilitates the centralized collection and management of condensate for subsequent use as fuel.

[0037] The circulating water tank 13 is connected to the heat exchanger 8 and the water-cooled spiral 3. The circulating water enables heat exchange and equipment cooling, making full use of water resources.

[0038] The chiller 14 is connected to the condenser 6 to provide a stable low-temperature environment for the condenser 6 and ensure the condensation effect.

[0039] Working principle:

[0040] The solar panels first enter the pre-processing unit 1. During this process, components such as the aluminum frame and junction box are removed. The remaining glass, solar cells, and EVA film are then sent to the pyrolysis furnace 2 to prepare for the next step of processing, thereby achieving the initial disassembly and classification of the solar panels.

[0041] The glass, solar cells, and EVA film entering pyrolysis furnace 2 undergo high-temperature calcination, causing the organic gases within them to volatilize and effectively separate. The material produced by pyrolysis furnace 2 is pyrolysis slag, which enters water-cooled spiral 3 through the material output end of pyrolysis furnace 2. During the conveying process in water-cooled spiral 3, the pyrolysis slag is gradually cooled by water cooling, creating suitable conditions for subsequent sorting based on different material properties.

[0042] The pyrolysis residue output from the water-cooled spiral 3 enters the gravity separator 4. Relying on the different gravity characteristics of different substances, these substances are separated under the action of the gravity separator 4.

[0043] After separation, materials such as glass and ceramics will enter one of the slag bins 5, while materials such as metals and alloys will enter another slag bin 5, thus achieving efficient recycling and reuse of resources.

[0044] The pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis furnace 2 enters condenser 6 through its gas outlet. In condenser 6, the pyrolysis gas is cooled down, and some of it condenses to form condensate, which can be recycled as fuel. The non-condensable gas then enters secondary combustion chamber 7 through the non-condensable gas outlet of condenser 6. In secondary combustion chamber 7, the non-condensable gas is fully combusted, eliminating any potentially harmful substances and ensuring cleaner emissions.

[0045] After complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 7, the high-temperature flue gas enters the heat exchanger 8, where it is cooled and some heat is recovered, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the entire system. The cooled flue gas then enters the exhaust gas purifier 9 from the output end of the heat exchanger 8. In the exhaust gas purifier 9, the flue gas undergoes deep purification using appropriate purification technologies to remove various pollutants, ensuring that the flue gas meets environmental emission standards.

[0046] After being purified by the exhaust gas purifier 9, the flue gas enters the induced draft fan 10 through its output end. The induced draft fan 10 performs a suction function, discharging the purified flue gas into the atmosphere through the chimney 11, ensuring that the flue gas discharged from the entire system meets environmental protection requirements.

[0047] The circulating water tank 13 is connected to the heat exchanger 8 and the water-cooled spiral 3. The circulating water flows between these devices to achieve heat exchange and cooling of the devices, thereby making full use of water resources, ensuring normal operation of the equipment and improving the rationality of energy use.

[0048] The chiller 14 is connected to the condenser 6. Its function is to provide a stable low-temperature environment for the condenser 6, ensuring that the condenser 6 can efficiently condense the pyrolysis gas and ensure the smooth operation of the entire pyrolysis gas treatment process.

[0049] Multiple slag bins 5 are connected in parallel with the gravity separator 4. They receive the pyrolysis slag separated by the gravity separator 4, so that different types of slag materials can be stored in an orderly manner, which facilitates further processing and utilization of these different types of slag materials and further improves the resource recycling rate of the entire system for waste solar panels.

[0050] This utility model uses a pyrolysis furnace 2 to perform oxygen-deficient pyrolysis on solar panels pretreated by a pretreatment device 1. Some waste materials are gasified, and the gasification process releases heat, further promoting the complete and thorough pyrolysis of organic matter. The pyrolysis gas produced enters a condenser 6 for condensation and is recovered through a storage tank 12 connected to the condenser 6. The non-condensable gas is fully combusted in a secondary combustion chamber 7. The high-temperature flue gas produced is purified by a heat exchanger 8 after recovering waste heat, and then enters a tail gas purifier 9 for purification before being discharged through an induced draft fan 10 and a chimney 11. This ensures that harmful gases are completely combusted and decomposed, and that the generated tail gas meets environmental emission standards, thereby reducing environmental pollution.

[0051] The solid waste generated from pyrolysis is cooled by a water-cooled spiral 3 and then separated by a gravity separator 4, and then recycled through a slag bin 5.

[0052] The heat from the high-temperature gas is exchanged through a heat exchanger, and the resulting hot air is used to aid combustion of the fuel in pyrolysis furnace 2, achieving efficient energy utilization of the entire pyrolysis system. This energy recycling model reduces dependence on external energy sources and lowers energy costs.

[0053] The ability to effectively recycle and process waste solar panels can not only significantly improve the recycling rate of resources, but also greatly reduce the adverse impact on the environment, providing a strong guarantee for the green and efficient recycling of waste solar panels.

[0054] Those skilled in the art will understand that other similar connection methods can also achieve this utility model. For example, welding, bonding, or screwing.

[0055] The foregoing description only illustrates certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste solar panel pyrolysis recycling system, comprising a pyrolysis furnace (2), a water-cooled spiral (3), a gravity separator (4), and a slag bin (5), wherein the pyrolysis furnace (2), the water-cooled spiral (3), the gravity separator (4), and the slag bin (5) are connected in sequence, characterized in that, It also includes a pretreatment device (1), a condenser (6), a secondary combustion chamber (7), a heat exchanger (8), a tail gas purifier (9), an induced draft fan (10), a chimney (11), and a liquid storage tank (12). The pretreatment device (1) is connected to the input end of the pyrolysis furnace (2). The input end of the condenser (6) is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis furnace (2). The non-condensable gas output end of the condenser (6) is connected to the input end of the secondary combustion chamber (7). The condenser (6), secondary combustion chamber (7), heat exchanger (8), tail gas purifier (9), induced draft fan (10), and chimney (11) are connected in sequence. The condensate output end of the condenser (6) is connected to the liquid storage tank (12).

2. The waste solar panel pyrolysis recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment device (1) includes a frame removal machine and a junction box removal machine.

3. The waste solar panel pyrolysis recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a circulating water tank (13), which is connected to the heat exchanger (8) and the water-cooled spiral (3) respectively.

4. The waste solar panel pyrolysis recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a chiller (14), which is connected to the condenser (6).

5. The waste solar panel pyrolysis recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of slag bins (5) is multiple, and the multiple slag bins (5) are connected in parallel. The multiple slag bins (5) are respectively connected to multiple output terminals of gravity separator (4).

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