Miniature dual-polarization millimeter wave antenna
By employing a dual-mode feeding method combining a dual-ridge substrate integrated waveguide and a microstrip patch vibrator antenna, and combining this with a metal conductive pillar to form a metal barrier, the problem of complex existing mobile phone antenna designs is solved, achieving a dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna with high cross-polarization isolation and low return loss.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Most existing mobile phone antennas are single-polarized, which cannot achieve dual-polarized wireless signal transmission and reception, resulting in high design complexity, high cost, and a large amount of debugging work.
A miniaturized dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna is achieved by using a dual-ridge substrate integrated waveguide and a microstrip patch dipole antenna dual-mode feeding method, combined with a hollow metal conductive pillar to form a metal barrier.
It achieves high cross-polarization isolation and low return loss, reduces interference between adjacent antenna elements, simplifies the design, and reduces costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224082696U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna. Background Technology
[0002] Existing mobile phone antennas are basically single-polarized antennas, which cannot achieve dual-polarized wireless signal transmission and reception. In order to increase the isolation between them, antennas of the same frequency are often distributed in different positions of the mobile phone, or additional designs such as parasitic units, decoupling networks, and neutralization lines are added, which greatly increases the design complexity of the mobile phone software and hardware system. In addition, the antennas on the existing mobile phone frame are closely related to the surrounding circuit environment, resulting in a large amount of debugging work and high costs. Utility Model Content
[0003] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna with low return loss and high cross-polarization isolation.
[0004] Specifically, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna, comprising a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a prepreg layer, a second dielectric layer, and a metal ground layer connected layer by layer from top to bottom; a feed section is provided below the metal ground layer; the antenna comprises several antenna elements with identical structures formed by a barrier composed of hollow metal conductive pillars, each antenna element comprising a substrate integrated waveguide antenna and a patch dipole antenna; the patch dipole antenna comprises a y-polarized patch disposed in the upper center of the antenna element, the y-polarized patch being disposed on the first metal layer, and a through hole being provided on the y-polarized patch, the through hole being connected to the feed section through a coaxial cable; The substrate integrated waveguide antenna includes a left ridge conductive sheet, a right ridge conductive sheet, an x-polarized feed sheet, an x-polarized excitation probe, and metal conductive pillars distributed around the antenna on a first metal layer. The x-polarized feed sheet is located between the left and right ridge conductive sheets and below the y-polarized patch. The x-polarized feed sheet has two metal through holes, one of which is connected to the feed section via a coaxial cable, and the other is connected to the x-polarized excitation probe. The main radiation of the x-polarized antenna is formed by the left and right ridge conductive sheets together within the waveguide cavity enclosed by the metal conductive pillars.
[0005] Furthermore, each antenna unit includes an upper baffle, a lower baffle, a left baffle, and a right baffle arranged opposite to each other. The lower baffle has an opening in the middle. The left and right ridge conductive sheets are located on both sides of the opening and are perpendicularly connected to the lower baffle, forming a double-ridged substrate integrated waveguide with an opening.
[0006] Furthermore, the y-polarized patch, the metal ground layer on the back of the antenna, and the coplanar metal conductive pillar barrier constitute a vibrator antenna, which excites a quasi-TEM mode within the substrate integrated waveguide.
[0007] Furthermore, the x-polarization excitation probe is composed of a suspended stripline, which excites a quasi-TE within the substrate integrated waveguide. 10 mold.
[0008] Furthermore, the left and right ridge conductive sheets are symmetrically distributed relative to the two sides of the opening.
[0009] Furthermore, the x-polarized feed plate includes a first metal through hole and a second metal through hole arranged vertically. The x-polarized excitation probe is connected to the first metal through hole, and the second metal through hole is connected to the feed section below.
[0010] Furthermore, the distance from the left ridge conductive sheet to the x-polarized feed sheet is the same as the distance from the right ridge conductive sheet to the x-polarized feed sheet.
[0011] Furthermore, the metal conductive pillars are sequentially connected from bottom to top to the metal ground layer, the second dielectric layer, the prepreg layer, the second metal layer, the first dielectric layer, and the first metal layer.
[0012] Furthermore, two antenna elements are arranged side by side on the first metal layer.
[0013] Furthermore, a bottom medium is provided below the metal ground layer, and four power supply units are provided below the bottom medium.
[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0015] By employing a dual-mode excitation method using a dual-ridge substrate integrated waveguide and a microstrip patch dipole antenna, the radiated electromagnetic waves exhibit excellent cross-polarization isolation, resulting in a miniaturized millimeter-wave antenna with superior isolation performance. Furthermore, the antenna elements are surrounded by hollow metal conductive pillars forming a metal barrier, which not only achieves high isolation between adjacent antenna elements but also significantly reduces interference to other mobile phone antennas. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the back face of the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna in this embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the metal layer structure of the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0019] Figure 4 This is a top view of the first metal layer of the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0020] Figure 5 This is a top view of the second metal layer of the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna in this embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the metal ground structure of the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0022] Figure 7 This is a top view of the electric field distribution of the y-polarized patch after it has been excited in an embodiment of this utility model.
[0023] Figure 8 This is a side view of the electric field distribution of the y-polarized patch after it has been excited in an embodiment of this utility model.
[0024] Figure 9 This is a top view of the field strength distribution of the x-polarized suspended wire probe after being excited in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0025] Figure 10 The return loss of each port of the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna in this embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 11 The gain and cross-polarization of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the x-polarized wave in this embodiment of the present invention at 12.7 GHz;
[0027] Figure 12 The gain and cross-polarization of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the y-polarized wave in this embodiment of the present invention at 12.7 GHz;
[0028] Figure 13 The gain and cross-polarization of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the y-polarized wave in this embodiment of the invention are shown.
[0029] Figure 14 The gain and cross-polarization of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the x-polarized wave in this embodiment of the present invention at 13 GHz;
[0030] Figure 15 The gain and cross-polarization of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the y-polarized wave are shown in this embodiment of the invention when the operating frequency is 13.25 GHz.
[0031] Figure 16 The gain and cross-polarization of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the x-polarized wave in this embodiment of the present invention at 13.25 GHz;
[0032] Figure 17 This refers to the isolation between the ports of the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna in this embodiment of the invention.
[0033] Reference numerals: 10-First metal layer, 20-First dielectric layer, 30-Second metal layer, 31-X-polarized excitation probe, 40-Prepreg layer, 50-Second dielectric layer, 60-Metal ground layer, 61-X-polarized coaxial feed port, 62-Y-polarized coaxial feed port, 90-Feed section, 11-Antenna element, 12-Metal conductive pillar, 110-Y-polarized patch, 111-Left ridge conductive patch, 111'-Right ridge conductive patch, 112-Upper baffle, 113-Lower baffle, 114-X-polarized feed patch, 115-Opening, 116-Left baffle, 117-Right baffle, 901-Connecting piece, 1101-Through hole, 1140-First metal through hole, 1141-Second metal through hole. Detailed Implementation
[0034] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of this utility model. However, this utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0035] This application provides a small, dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna, which solves a series of technical problems in the prior art, such as the complexity of antenna design.
[0036] like Figures 1 to 6 The image shows an embodiment of the antenna structure of this application: a small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna with an overall 1×2 array, operating in the 12.7GHz~13.25GHz frequency band, and physical dimensions of 17.3mm×4.5mm×2.312mm. The overall structure is compact, much smaller than a typical dipole antenna, and is suitable for applications requiring future 6G technology. The specific structure is as follows... Figures 1-2 As shown, the structure includes a first metal layer 10, a first dielectric layer 20, a second metal layer 30, a prepreg layer 40, a second dielectric layer 50, and a metal ground layer 60, which are fabricated by PCB technology and connected layer by layer from top to bottom in the z-direction. The thickness of the first dielectric layer 20 (Rogers RO3006, εr=6.15, tanδ=0.0025) is 0.508 mm, the thickness of the prepreg layer 40 (εr =3.52, tanδ=0.0041) is 0.204 mm, and the thickness of the second dielectric layer 50 (Rogers RO3006, εr =6.15, tanδ=0.0025) is 1.524 mm.
[0037] The overall antenna comprises several antenna elements arranged side-by-side in the y-direction. The number of elements can be set according to actual needs. In this embodiment, two identical antenna elements 11 are arranged side-by-side from left to right. See details below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Each antenna element 11 is formed by a partition wall. To enhance isolation, several hollow metal conductive pillars 12 are evenly distributed on each partition wall. The metal conductive pillars 12 are connected sequentially from bottom to top in the z direction to the metal ground layer 60, the second dielectric layer 50, the prepreg layer 40, the second metal layer 30, the first dielectric layer 20, and the first metal layer 10. Figure 3 The diagram shows the antenna structure after removing the dielectric and prepreg. As can be seen from the diagram, the entire structure of the metal conductive pillar 12 runs through the inside of the antenna. The metal conductive pillar 12 forms a metal barrier around the antenna unit 11, which not only improves the isolation between adjacent antenna units 11, but also greatly reduces interference to other mobile phone antennas, achieving a high degree of isolation from other mobile phone antennas in an extremely small space.
[0038] Reference Figures 3-4 Each antenna element 11 has a cuboid structure, specifically including an upper baffle 112 and a lower baffle 113 arranged opposite each other in the x direction, and a left baffle 116 (which is the right baffle in the adjacent antenna element) and a right baffle 117 (which is the left baffle in the adjacent antenna element) arranged opposite each other in the y direction. Only one antenna element is used as an example here. The lower baffle 113 has an opening 115 in the middle, so each antenna element 11 is an open substrate integrated waveguide. Figure 4 This is a top view of the first metal layer 10. Each antenna element 11 includes a long strip-shaped y-polarized patch 110 located in the upper center (x-direction) of the interior. The y-polarized patch 110 is disposed on the first metal layer 10, and its physical dimensions are 4.3mm × 0.94mm. The y-polarized patch 110 has a metal through-hole 1101, which is connected to a feed section 90 located below the metal ground layer 60 via a coaxial cable. The feed section 90 has multiple feed sections. The y-polarized patch 110, the metal ground layer 60 on the back of the antenna, and the coplanar metal conductive pillar barrier constitute a dipole antenna, which excites a quasi-TEM mode within the substrate integrated waveguide. The electric field distribution formed after it is excited is as follows: Figure 7 (Top view of field strength distribution) Figure 8 As shown in the side view of the field strength distribution, the radiation characteristics of y-polarized electromagnetic waves are mainly determined by their y-direction size, and they are not sensitive to small changes in size in the x-direction.
[0039] To further reduce the waveguide size, this invention provides a left ridge conductive plate 111 and a right ridge conductive plate 111' below the y-polarized patch 110 on the first metal layer 10 along the y-direction. An x-polarized feed plate 114 is provided between the left ridge conductive plate 111 and the right ridge conductive plate 111'. The left ridge conductive plate 111 and the right ridge conductive plate 111' are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the opening 115 and are perpendicularly connected to the lower baffle 113. Thus, the upper baffle 112, the lower baffle 113, the left baffle 116, and the right baffle 117 form a double-ridged, open substrate integrated waveguide inside the antenna. The substrate integrated waveguide antenna, within the waveguide cavity formed by the metal conductive pillars 12, is mainly radiated by the left ridge conductive plate 111 and the right ridge conductive plate 111'.
[0040] The second metal layer 30 is located between the first dielectric layer 20 and the prepreg layer 40, with reference to... Figure 5 The second metal layer 30 includes an x-polarized excitation probe 31 composed of suspended strip lines, which can excite quasi-TE signals within the substrate integrated waveguide. 10 The electric field distribution formed when a modulus is excited is as follows: Figure 9 (Top view of field strength distribution) As shown, the x-polarized feed plate 114 has two metal through holes, specifically a first metal through hole 1140 and a second metal through hole 1141 arranged vertically in the x direction. The x-polarized excitation probe 31 is connected to the first metal through hole 1140, and the second metal through hole 1141 is connected to the feed section 90 below via a coaxial cable. As a preferred embodiment, in this embodiment, a bottom medium (not shown in the figure) may also be provided below the metal ground layer 60, and four feed sections 90 are provided below the bottom medium.
[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the x-polarization excitation probe 31 is located in the middle of the double ridge of the substrate integrated waveguide in antenna element 11. The x-polarization excitation probe 31 has a length of 2.1 mm. The x-polarization signal enters through the x-polarization feed plate 114 in antenna element 11 and excites the x-polarization excitation probe 31, thus exciting a quasi-TE signal in the double-ridge substrate integrated waveguide. 10 The waveguide emits an x-polarized electromagnetic wave signal through the opening 115, resulting in a highly polarized signal in the x-direction. The electromagnetic wave radiation characteristics are related to the waveguide dimensions in the y-direction and the dimensions of the left ridge conductive plate 111 and the right ridge conductive plate 111'. In a preferred embodiment, the distance from the left ridge conductive plate 111 to the x-polarized feed plate 114 is the same as the distance from the right ridge conductive plate 111' to the x-polarized feed plate 114, and the left and right ridge conductive plates 111 and 111' are symmetrically distributed relative to both sides of the opening.
[0042] Figure 6The diagram shows a schematic of the metal ground layer 60 as viewed from the back of the antenna. The x-polarized signal enters the antenna through the x-polarized coaxial feed port 61, which communicates with the second metal via 1141 in the antenna element 11, and excites the x-polarized excitation probe 31, thereby exciting a quasi-TE signal in the dual-ridge substrate integrated waveguide. 10 The y-polarized signal enters the antenna through the y-polarized coaxial feed port 62 in the antenna element 11, which is connected to the through hole 1101, and excites the y-polarized patch to radiate the y-polarized electromagnetic wave signal.
[0043] Figure 10 The figure shows the return loss at each port of the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna array in this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the return loss at all four ports is less than -10dB. Figure 11 , Figure 12 As can be seen, the maximum gain of the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna in this embodiment is approximately 2.5 dB at 12.7 GHz, and the polarization isolation in the main beam direction is greater than 15 dB. Figure 13 , Figure 14 The figures show the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the dual-polarized antenna at 13 GHz with y-polarized and x-polarized incident radiation, respectively. As can be seen from the figures, the maximum gain at 13 GHz is approximately 2.5 dB, and the polarization isolation in the main beam direction is greater than 15 dB. Figure 15 , Figure 16 The figures show the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the dual-polarized antenna at 13.25 GHz with y-polarized and x-polarized incident radiation, respectively. As can be seen from the figures, the maximum gain at 13.25 GHz is approximately 2.5 dB, and the polarization isolation in the main beam direction is greater than 15 dB. Figure 17 The figure shows the isolation between the ports of a small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna array. As can be seen from the figure, the return loss of all four ports is less than -10dB.
[0044] As can be seen from the above data charts, the small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna designed in this embodiment adopts a dual-mode feeding method, and forms a quasi-TE by exciting the dual-ridge substrate integrated waveguide through a suspended wire probe. 10 The system utilizes a quasi-TEM mode formed by a patch dipole antenna to achieve dual-polarized wireless signal transmission and reception. The return loss at each port is less than -10dB, and the cross-polarization isolation is greater than 15dB, as is the isolation between antenna elements. This results in a compact antenna structure with high cross-polarization isolation.
[0045] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
[0046] The embodiments described above merely illustrate the implementation of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A small dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna, characterized in that: It includes a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a prepreg layer, a second dielectric layer, and a metal ground layer, which are connected layer by layer from top to bottom; A power supply unit is provided below the metal stratum; The antenna comprises several identical antenna units separated by a barrier composed of hollow metal conductive pillars. Each antenna unit includes a substrate integrated waveguide antenna and a patch vibrator antenna. The patch vibrator antenna includes a y-polarized patch disposed in the upper center of the antenna element. The y-polarized patch is disposed on a first metal layer and has a through hole. The through hole is connected to the feed unit through a coaxial cable. The substrate integrated waveguide antenna includes a left ridge conductive sheet, a right ridge conductive sheet, an x-polarized feed sheet, an x-polarized excitation probe, and metal conductive pillars distributed around the antenna, all disposed on a first metal layer. The x-polarized feed sheet is located between the left and right ridge conductive sheets and below the y-polarized patch. The x-polarized feed sheet has two metal through holes, one of which is connected to the feed section via a coaxial cable, and the other is connected to the x-polarized excitation probe. The substrate integrated waveguide antenna, within the waveguide cavity formed by the metal conductive pillars, forms the main radiation of the x-polarized antenna through the left and right ridge conductive sheets.
2. The miniature dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each antenna unit includes an upper baffle, a lower baffle, a left baffle, and a right baffle arranged opposite to each other. The lower baffle has an opening in the middle. The left and right ridge conductive sheets are located on both sides of the opening and are perpendicularly connected to the lower baffle, forming a double-ridged substrate integrated waveguide with an opening.
3. The miniature dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The y-polarized patch, the metal ground layer on the back of the antenna, and the coplanar metal conductive pillar barrier constitute a vibrator antenna, which excites a quasi-TEM mode within the substrate integrated waveguide.
4. The miniature dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The x-polarization excitation probe is composed of a suspended stripline, which excites a quasi-TE within the substrate integrated waveguide. 10 mold.
5. The miniature dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The left and right ridge conductive sheets are symmetrically distributed relative to the two sides of the opening.
6. The miniature dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The x-polarized feed plate includes a first metal through hole and a second metal through hole arranged vertically. The x-polarized excitation probe is connected to the first metal through hole, and the second metal through hole is connected to the feed section below.
7. The miniature dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance from the left ridge conductive plate to the x-polarized feed plate is the same as the distance from the right ridge conductive plate to the x-polarized feed plate.
8. The miniature dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal conductive pillars are connected sequentially from bottom to top to the metal ground layer, the second dielectric layer, the semi-cured sheet layer, the second metal layer, the first dielectric layer, and the first metal layer.
9. The miniature dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal layer has two antenna elements arranged side by side.
10. The miniature dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Below the metal ground layer, there is a bottom medium, and below the bottom medium, there are four power supply units.