Soybean seeder seeding unit
By introducing a parallel four-bar linkage contouring, depth limiting, and pressing adjustment mechanism into the soybean planter, combined with a motor and hydraulic system, precise adjustment of sowing depth and pressing pressure is achieved, solving the problems of uneven sowing and clogging, and improving sowing quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HEBEI AGRICULTURAL UNIV.
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing soybean planters have low efficiency in adjusting planting depth, making it difficult to achieve precise adjustment. They also tend to plant unevenly, are prone to clogging, and are difficult to adapt to complex and changing field surfaces.
It adopts a parallel four-bar contouring mechanism, a depth limiting adjustment mechanism, a sowing adjustment mechanism, and a pressing adjustment mechanism. The sowing depth and pressing pressure are precisely adjusted by a motor-driven lead screw, hydraulic cylinder, and sensor. Combined with a stop roller to control the seed entry into the soil, it ensures uniform sowing.
It enables precise adjustment of sowing depth and pressure, improves sowing uniformity and stability, avoids seed bouncing and clogging, and adapts to complex surface conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN224139545U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of sowing technology, and in particular to a sowing unit for a soybean planter. Background Technology
[0002] Seeders, as field planting machines, are indispensable equipment in agricultural production. The quality of seeder operation directly affects the quality of crop emergence and is key to ensuring higher crop yields. To guarantee sowing quality, seeds need to be evenly and effectively covered and compacted by the soil, achieving a consistent sowing depth.
[0003] Current soybean planters rely on manual operation for adjusting planting depth, which lacks precision. Furthermore, the planter's press adjustment mechanism, which modifies press pressure by changing spring extension, is inefficient. Additionally, seeds falling during high-speed operation experience significant displacement within the furrow, leading to uneven planting. In conclusion, existing soybean no-till planters struggle to adapt to complex and varied field surfaces, exhibiting issues such as asynchronous contour following, inconsistent furrow depth, uneven plant spacing, and susceptibility to clogging. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soybean planter unit that solves the problems of asynchronous shape following, inconsistent furrow depth, uneven plant spacing, and easy clogging in soybean no-till planters. At the same time, it enables precise adjustment of planting depth and pressing pressure.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a soybean planter seeding unit, including a frame, with a seed metering device and a seed box arranged sequentially on the top of the frame, a parallel four-bar linkage conforming mechanism fixedly arranged at the front end of the frame, and a weed remover, a depth adjustment mechanism, a seeding adjustment mechanism, and a pressing adjustment mechanism arranged sequentially at the bottom of the frame, with the depth adjustment mechanism and the pressing adjustment mechanism fixedly connected.
[0006] Preferably, the parallel four-bar linkage includes a fixed frame, an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, a seeding frame, a limiting rod, a spring connecting rod, a first spring, and a second spring. The seeding frame is fixedly connected to the machine frame. The seeding frame and the fixed frame are connected by bolts through the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod. The upper connecting rod has a limiting groove and a limiting rod in the middle. The fixing point on the limiting rod matches the limiting groove. The lower connecting rod is bolted to both ends of the spring connecting rod. The limiting rod and the spring connecting rod are both connected to both ends of the first spring and the second spring.
[0007] Preferably, the weed remover includes a weed remover column, an adjusting frame, a baffle, and a boot blade. The adjusting frame is fixedly connected to the seeding frame and is sleeved on the weed remover column. A baffle is welded to the lower end of the weed remover column, and a boot blade is fixedly installed at the bottom of the weed remover column.
[0008] Preferably, the depth limiting adjustment mechanism includes a double-disc trencher, a depth limiting wheel, a mounting arm, a rotating shaft, a slide rail arm, a sliding shaft, a sliding bushing, a lead screw, a nut, a lead screw sleeve, a lead screw seat, a motor, an angle sensor mounting base, and a depth limiting wheel angle sensor. The double-disc trencher is fixedly connected to the frame. Depth limiting wheels are provided on both sides of the double-disc trencher. The depth limiting wheel is fixedly connected to one end of the mounting arm. The other end of the mounting arm is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft that passes through the frame. A slide rail arm is fixedly provided on the inner side of the mounting arm. The slide rail arm is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft. A sliding shaft is provided above the rotating shaft. Both ends of the sliding shaft are inserted into the long slots of the slide rail arm. The middle part of the sliding shaft is sleeved in the sliding bushing.
[0009] Preferably, the motor is located on the side of the rotating shaft away from the depth limiting wheel. The motor is fixedly connected to the connecting seat of the pressing and adjusting mechanism. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the lead screw through a coupling. A nut is fitted on the lead screw. The end of the nut away from the motor is fixedly connected to the sliding shaft. A lead screw sleeve is provided outside the lead screw and the nut. The outer wall of the lead screw sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lead screw seat. The lead screw seat is fixedly connected to the machine frame.
[0010] Preferably, an angle sensor mounting base is fixedly provided on the mounting arm, the angle sensor mounting base is fixedly connected to the depth limiting wheel angle sensor, and the inner shaft of the depth limiting wheel angle sensor is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft through a coupling.
[0011] Preferably, the seeding adjustment mechanism includes a seed guide tube, a connecting rod, and a stop roller. The seed guide tube is fixedly connected to the seed outlet of the seed metering device, and a stop roller is provided on the side of the seed guide tube away from the weed remover. The stop roller is fixedly connected to the frame through the connecting rod.
[0012] Preferably, the pressing adjustment mechanism includes a V-shaped pressing wheel, a mounting frame, a hydraulic cylinder, a connecting seat, a shaft pin pressure sensor, a fixed shaft, a first universal joint, and a second universal joint. One end of the mounting frame is hinged to the frame via the shaft pin pressure sensor, and the other end of the mounting frame is rotatably connected to the V-shaped pressing wheel via the first universal joint and the second universal joint. A connecting seat is provided on the side of the mounting frame away from the shaft pin pressure sensor. The connecting seat is fixedly connected to the frame. The bottom of the connecting seat is hinged to one end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft. The fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the mounting frame.
[0013] Therefore, the present invention, employing the above-mentioned soybean planter planting unit, has the following beneficial effects:
[0014] (1) Adjusting the position of the fixed point on the limit rod and the position of the limit groove can change the elongation of the first spring and the second spring, thereby realizing multi-level adjustment of the underground pressure and ensuring a continuous and stable output of ground pressure during operation.
[0015] (2) The screw is driven to rotate by the motor, which drives the nut to reciprocate along the screw. The force transmitted to the sliding shaft drives the slide rail swing arm to swing, so as to realize the synchronous swing of the mounting arm, the depth limiting wheel angle sensor, and the angle sensor mounting seat, and to control the sowing depth.
[0016] (3) By setting up a sowing adjustment mechanism, when the seeds are released from the seed guide tube, they will be immediately controlled by the stop roller and gently pressed into the soil to avoid seed bouncing and slipping, thereby improving the uniformity of plant spacing and sowing.
[0017] (4) The pressure of the pressing mechanism on the frame is detected in real time by the shaft pin pressure sensor. The pressing mechanism is rotated around the frame by controlling the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder to achieve the adjustment of the pressing pressure.
[0018] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a right view of a first embodiment of a soybean planter planting unit according to the present invention;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a lower view of a first embodiment of a soybean planter planting unit according to the present invention;
[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the parallel four-bar linkage of a soybean planter planting unit according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the weed remover in Embodiment 1 of a soybean planter of this utility model;
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the depth adjustment mechanism and part of the frame of a soybean planter according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of part of the depth-limiting adjustment mechanism and frame of a soybean planter planter according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing and adjusting mechanism of a soybean planter planting unit according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model.
[0026] Figure Labels
[0027] 1. Frame; 2. Seed metering device; 3. Seed box; 4. Parallel four-bar linkage; 5. Weed puller; 6. Depth adjustment mechanism; 7. Sowing adjustment mechanism; 8. Pressing adjustment mechanism; 9. Weed puller column; 10. Adjustment frame; 11. Baffle; 12. Boot blade; 13. Double disc furrow opener; 14. Depth limiting wheel; 15. Mounting arm; 16. Rotating shaft; 17. Slide rail swing arm; 18. Sliding shaft; 19. Sliding bushing; 20. Lead screw; 21. Nut; 22. Lead screw sleeve; 23. Lead screw seat; 24. Motor 25. Angle sensor mounting base; 26. Depth limiting wheel angle sensor; 27. Seed guide tube; 28. Connecting rod; 29. Stop roller; 30. Fixing frame; 31. Upper connecting rod; 32. Lower connecting rod; 33. Seeding rack; 34. Limiting rod; 35. Spring connecting rod; 36. First spring; 37. Second spring; 38. V-shaped press wheel; 39. Mounting frame; 40. Hydraulic cylinder; 41. Connecting seat; 42. Shaft pin pressure sensor; 43. Fixed shaft; 44. First universal joint; 45. Second universal joint. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0029] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this utility model shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this utility model do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0030] Example 1
[0031] like Figures 1 to 2As shown, this utility model provides a soybean planter unit, including a frame 1. A seed metering device 2 and a seed box 3 are sequentially arranged on the top of the frame 1. A parallel four-bar linkage contouring mechanism 4 is fixedly installed at the front end of the frame 1. A weed remover 5, a depth adjustment mechanism 6, a sowing adjustment mechanism 7, and a pressing adjustment mechanism 8 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the frame 1. The depth adjustment mechanism 6 and the pressing adjustment mechanism 8 are fixedly connected. To ensure that the soybean seeds stored in the seed box 3 enter the sowing adjustment mechanism 7 via the seed metering device 2 and are then pressed into the soil, the weed remover 5 is used to remove stubble and weeds along the sowing path, the depth adjustment mechanism 6 is used to adjust the sowing depth, and the pressing adjustment mechanism 8 is used to backfill the soil, providing a suitable seedbed environment for seed growth.
[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the parallel four-bar linkage 4 includes a fixed frame 30, an upper connecting rod 31, a lower connecting rod 32, a seeding frame 33, a limiting rod 34, a spring connecting rod 35, a first spring 36, and a second spring 37. One end of the fixed frame 30 is fixedly connected to the front beam of the seeder for suspending the seeding unit for sowing. The other end of the fixed frame 30 is bolted to the seeding frame 33 via the upper connecting rod 31 and the lower connecting rod 32. The seeding frame 33 is fixedly connected to the frame 1, allowing the seeding unit to float up and down following the undulations of the field surface, thus ensuring that the soil penetration depth and angle of each seeding unit are consistent. The upper connecting rod 31 has a limiting groove and a limiting rod 34 in the middle. The fixing point on the limiting rod 34 matches the limiting groove. The lower connecting rod 32 is bolted to both ends of the spring connecting rod 35. The limiting rod 34 and the spring connecting rod 35 are both connected to both ends of the first spring 36 and the second spring 37. By adjusting the position of the fixed point on the limiting rod 34 and the limiting groove, the elongation of the first spring 36 and the second spring 37 can be changed, thereby achieving multi-level adjustment of the underground pressure and ensuring a continuous and stable output of ground pressure during operation.
[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, the weed puller 5 includes a puller column 9, an adjusting frame 10, a baffle 11, and a bladed tool 12. The adjusting frame 10 is fixedly connected to the sowing frame 33 and is fitted onto the puller column 9. Different weeding depths can be achieved by fitting the upper end of the puller column 9 with different holes in the adjusting frame 10. The baffle 11 is welded to the lower end of the puller column 9, and the bladed tool 12 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the puller column 9. The baffle 11 and the bladed tool 12 can remove stubble and weeds in the sowing path, ensuring smooth sowing.
[0034] like Figures 5 to 6As shown, the depth adjustment mechanism 6 includes a double-disc furrow opener 13, a depth-limiting wheel 14, a mounting arm 15, a rotating shaft 16, a slide rail swing arm 17, a sliding shaft 18, a sliding bushing 19, a lead screw 20, a nut 21, a lead screw sleeve 22, a lead screw seat 23, a motor 24, an angle sensor mounting base 25, and a depth-limiting wheel angle sensor 26. The double-disc furrow opener 13 is fixedly connected to the frame 1 and is used to open furrows on the sowing path. Depth-limiting wheels 14 are provided on both sides of the double-disc furrow opener 13 to achieve independent and synchronous contouring of the sowing units. The depth-limiting wheel 14 is fixedly connected to one end of the mounting arm 15, and the other end of the mounting arm 15 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 16 that passes through the frame 1. A slide rail swing arm 17 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the mounting arm 15. The slide rail swing arm 17 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 16. The slide rail swing arm 17 and the mounting arm 15 are fixedly connected by an interference fit and rotate together around the rotating shaft 16. A sliding shaft 18 is provided above the rotating shaft 16. The two ends of the sliding shaft 18 are inserted into the long slots of the slide rail swing arm 17, and the middle part of the sliding shaft 18 is sleeved in the sliding shaft sleeve 19.
[0035] The motor 24 is located on the side of the rotating shaft 16 away from the depth limiting wheel 14. The motor 24 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 41 of the pressing adjustment mechanism 8. The output shaft of the motor 24 is connected to the lead screw 20 via a coupling. A nut 21 is fitted on the lead screw 20. The end of the nut 21 away from the motor 24 is fixedly connected to the sliding shaft 18. A lead screw sleeve 22 is provided outside the lead screw 20 and the nut 21. The outer wall of the lead screw sleeve 22 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lead screw seat 23. The lead screw seat 23 is fixedly connected to the frame 1. The stroke of the nut 21 is 120mm, and the thrust is ≥1000N.
[0036] When motor 24 starts, it drives lead screw 20 to rotate. The rotation of lead screw 20 causes nut 21 to move linearly along lead screw 20. The extension and retraction of nut 21 causes sliding shaft 18 to move reciprocally, thereby causing slide rail swing arm 17 to swing, and causing mounting arm 15 to swing around rotating shaft 16. An angle sensor mounting base 25 is fixedly installed on mounting arm 15. An angle sensor mounting base 25 is fixedly connected to depth limiting wheel angle sensor 26. The inner shaft of depth limiting wheel angle sensor 26 is fixedly connected to rotating shaft 16 through a coupling. When mounting arm 15 swings, the shaft of depth limiting wheel angle sensor 26 and angle sensor mounting base 25 swing synchronously, thereby detecting the height of depth limiting wheel 14. The signal is converted by the on-board computer to control motor 24 for adjustment, thereby controlling the sowing depth. The depth limiting wheel angle sensor 26 has a range of 0~45°.
[0037] like Figure 2As shown, the sowing adjustment mechanism 7 includes a seed guide tube 27, a connecting rod 28, and a stop roller 29. The seed guide tube 27 is fixedly connected to the seed dispensing port of the seed metering device 2. The seed metering device 2 has a seed dispensing disc with several seed dispensing holes, which can evenly feed the seeds into the seed guide tube 27 and then into the seed furrow. The seed dispensing disc can be disassembled and replaced as needed. A stop roller 29 is located on the side of the seed guide tube 27 away from the weed remover 5. The stop roller 29 is fixedly connected to the frame 1 via the connecting rod 28. When the seeds are released from the seed guide tube 27, they are immediately controlled by the stop roller 29 and gently pressed into the soil to prevent the seeds from bouncing and shifting, thus improving the uniformity of plant spacing and sowing.
[0038] like Figure 7 As shown, the compaction adjustment mechanism 8 includes a V-shaped compaction wheel 38, a mounting frame 39, a hydraulic cylinder 40, a connecting seat 41, a pin pressure sensor 42, a fixed shaft 43, a first universal joint 44, and a second universal joint 45. One end of the mounting frame 39 is hinged to the frame 1 via the pin pressure sensor 42, which is used to detect the magnitude of the compaction pressure exerted by the compaction adjustment mechanism 8 on the frame 1, with a range of 6000N. The other end of the mounting frame 39 is rotatably connected to the V-shaped compaction wheel 38 via the first universal joint 44 and the second universal joint 45, which can drive the compaction adjustment mechanism 8 to rotate around the frame 1 and adjust the force exerted by the V-shaped compaction wheel 38 on the field to fill the soil in the sown field. A connecting seat 41 is provided on the side of the mounting bracket 39 away from the axle pin pressure sensor 42. The connecting seat 41 is fixedly connected to the frame 1. The bottom of the connecting seat 41 is hinged to one end of the hydraulic cylinder 40, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder 40 is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft 43, which is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 39. The hydraulic cylinder 40 has an inner diameter of 32mm, a piston rod diameter of 22mm, a cylinder length of 250mm, and a stroke of 150mm, providing a downward pressure range of 562~6230N. When the seeder is operating, the target pressing pressure is set through the on-board terminal. The on-board computer compares the measured value of the axle pin pressure sensor 42 with the set target value and converts the signal into the pre-adjustment extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder 40, which is transmitted to the solenoid directional valve in the hydraulic cylinder 40 to control the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 40, causing the pressing adjustment mechanism 8 to rotate around the hinge point, thereby realizing the regulation of the pressing pressure.
[0039] Therefore, this utility model adopts the above-mentioned soybean planter planting unit, which solves the problems of asynchronous shape imitation, inconsistent furrow depth, uneven plant spacing, and easy clogging of soybean no-till planters, while realizing precise adjustment of planting depth and pressing pressure.
[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solution of this utility model, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model.
Claims
1. A soybean planter unit characterized by: The machine includes a frame, with a seed metering device and a seed box arranged sequentially on the top of the frame. A parallel four-bar linkage is fixedly installed at the front end of the frame, and a weed remover, a depth adjustment mechanism, a sowing adjustment mechanism, and a pressing adjustment mechanism are arranged sequentially at the bottom of the frame. The depth adjustment mechanism and the pressing adjustment mechanism are fixedly connected.
2. A soybean planter unit according to claim 1, wherein: The parallel four-bar linkage includes a fixed frame, an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, a seeding frame, a limiting rod, a spring connecting rod, a first spring, and a second spring. The seeding frame is fixedly connected to the machine frame. The seeding frame and the fixed frame are connected by bolts through the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod. The upper connecting rod has a limiting groove and a limiting rod in the middle. The fixing point on the limiting rod matches the limiting groove. The lower connecting rod is bolted to both ends of the spring connecting rod. The limiting rod and the spring connecting rod are both connected to both ends of the first spring and the second spring.
3. The soybean planter unit of claim 1, wherein: The weed remover includes a weed remover column, an adjusting frame, a baffle, and a boot blade. The adjusting frame is fixedly connected to the seeding frame and is fitted onto the weed remover column. A baffle is welded to the lower end of the weed remover column, and a boot blade is fixedly installed at the bottom of the weed remover column.
4. The soybean planter unit of claim 1, wherein: The depth limiting adjustment mechanism includes a double-disc trencher, a depth limiting wheel, a mounting arm, a rotating shaft, a slide rail arm, a sliding shaft, a sliding bushing, a lead screw, a nut, a lead screw sleeve, a lead screw seat, a motor, an angle sensor mounting base, and a depth limiting wheel angle sensor. The double-disc trencher is fixedly connected to the frame. Depth limiting wheels are provided on both sides of the double-disc trencher. The depth limiting wheels are fixedly connected to one end of the mounting arm. The other end of the mounting arm is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft that passes through the frame. A slide rail arm is fixedly provided on the inner side of the mounting arm. The slide rail arm is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft. A sliding shaft is provided above the rotating shaft. The two ends of the sliding shaft are inserted into the long slots of the slide rail arm, and the middle part of the sliding shaft is sleeved in the sliding bushing.
5. A soybean planter unit according to claim 4, wherein: The motor is located on the side of the rotating shaft away from the depth limiting wheel. The motor is fixedly connected to the connecting seat of the pressing and adjusting mechanism. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the lead screw through a coupling. A nut is fitted on the lead screw. The end of the nut away from the motor is fixedly connected to the sliding shaft. A lead screw sleeve is provided outside the lead screw and nut. The outer wall of the lead screw sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lead screw seat. The lead screw seat is fixedly connected to the machine frame.
6. A soybean planter unit according to claim 4 wherein: An angle sensor mounting base is fixedly installed on the mounting arm. The angle sensor mounting base is fixedly connected to the depth limiting wheel angle sensor. The inner shaft of the depth limiting wheel angle sensor is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft through a coupling.
7. The soybean planter unit of claim 1, wherein: The seeding adjustment mechanism includes a seed guide tube, a connecting rod, and a stop roller. The seed guide tube is fixedly connected to the seed outlet of the seed metering device. A stop roller is provided on the side of the seed guide tube away from the weed remover. The stop roller is fixedly connected to the machine frame through the connecting rod.
8. A soybean planter unit according to claim 5 wherein: The pressing adjustment mechanism includes a V-shaped pressing wheel, a mounting frame, a hydraulic cylinder, a connecting seat, a shaft pin pressure sensor, a fixed shaft, a first universal joint, and a second universal joint. One end of the mounting frame is hinged to the frame via the shaft pin pressure sensor, and the other end of the mounting frame is rotatably connected to the V-shaped pressing wheel via the first universal joint and the second universal joint. A connecting seat is provided on the side of the mounting frame away from the shaft pin pressure sensor. The connecting seat is fixedly connected to the frame. The bottom of the connecting seat is hinged to one end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft. The fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the mounting frame.