Tensioning device, conveyor and heading machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of heading machines, in particular to a tensioning device, a conveyor and a heading machine. The tensioning device comprises tensioning oil cylinders and scraper chains arranged on the two sides of the conveyor and used for tensioning the conveyor; the oil supply mechanism is connected with an oil inlet of the tensioning oil cylinder through a pipeline and used for continuously providing hydraulic oil for the tensioning oil cylinder; the pressure control mechanism is connected with an oil return opening of the tensioning oil cylinder through a pipeline and used for controlling the pressure of the tensioning oil cylinder to be kept within the preset threshold value range. The pressure control mechanism is used for enabling hydraulic oil to keep the pressure of the tensioning oil cylinder in real time, and the stroke of the tensioning oil cylinder is dynamically adjusted, so that the tensioning oil cylinder can automatically adjust the tightness of the scraper chain of the first conveyor of the heading machine according to the load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunneling machine technology, and more particularly to a tensioning device, a transport machine, and a tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] A tunneling machine, also known as a roadheader, is a comprehensive engineering machinery device that integrates tunneling and anchoring operations. It is mainly used in roadway construction in coal mines, tunnels, and underground engineering projects. During the operation of a tunneling machine, the lifting and lowering of the scraper blades can cause the scraper chain to become loose or tight, frequently resulting in chain skipping. To solve this problem, a scraper chain tensioning device is installed at the rear end of the first conveyor. One end of the tensioning device is fixed to the rear chute, and the other end is fixed to the drive unit. The drive unit is fixed to the rear chute and moves along a slide parallel to the transport direction. By adjusting the movable mechanism of the tensioning device, the displacement of the drive unit along the slide direction can be adjusted to regulate the position of the drive sprocket, thereby adjusting the tension of the scraper chain and reducing vibration.

[0003] For example, the tensioning device of the first conveyor of the tunneling machine disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 201320550071.X can prevent the opening locking plate from falling off by setting a cover or partially cover. When the fixing bolt is removed and the leading edge of the boss abuts against the front wall of the radial groove, the opening locking plate can be exposed, which facilitates the installation and removal of the opening gasket and the opening locking plate.

[0004] However, in traditional tensioning devices, after the piston rod tensions the first conveyor chain, an open locking plate is needed to lock it to prevent the piston rod from returning. At this time, only the tension spring moves slightly under the action of the external load. However, such tension springs generally have a fixed stiffness coefficient and are very stiff. When the scraper encounters changes in resistance, the damping effect is not obvious due to the large stiffness coefficient of the spring, resulting in poor damping effect. It cannot automatically adjust the tension of the chain according to the load of the scraper. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.

[0006] Therefore, this application provides a tensioning device that uses hydraulic oil to maintain the pressure of the tensioning cylinder in real time and dynamically adjusts the stroke of the tensioning cylinder, thereby automatically adjusting the tension of the scraper chain of the first conveyor of the tunneling machine according to the load.

[0007] This application also provides a transport machine and a tunneling machine that include the above-mentioned tensioning device.

[0008] A tensioning device according to a first aspect of this application includes: a tensioning cylinder disposed on both sides of a conveyor for tensioning the scraper chain of the conveyor; an oil supply mechanism connected to the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder via a pipeline for continuously supplying hydraulic oil to the tensioning cylinder; and a pressure control mechanism connected to the oil return port of the tensioning cylinder via a pipeline for controlling the pressure of the tensioning cylinder to remain within a preset threshold range.

[0009] Optionally, the tensioning device further includes a one-way valve, which is installed on the pipeline at the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder. The one-way valve is used to ensure one-way flow of the pipeline from the oil supply mechanism to the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder.

[0010] Optionally, the oil supply mechanism includes: an oil pump motor and a hydraulic pump, with the output end of the oil pump motor connected to the hydraulic pump; the hydraulic pump is connected to the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder through a pipeline.

[0011] Optionally, the hydraulic pump is a gear pump.

[0012] Optionally, the pressure control mechanism is a back pressure valve.

[0013] Optionally, the pressure control mechanism is an electro-hydraulic proportional valve.

[0014] Optionally, the tensioning cylinder includes: a cylinder body, a cylinder rod, and a spring seat. The cylinder rod is disposed in the cylinder body, and the spring seat is disposed at the output end of the cylinder rod. The cylinder body is disposed on the rear chute of the conveyor, and the spring seat is disposed on the drive unit of the conveyor. The cylinder rod extends by being supplied with hydraulic oil through an oil supply mechanism, causing the drive unit to slide and thus tensioning the scraper chain of the conveyor.

[0015] Optionally, the spring seat includes: a spacer, a tension spring, and a housing; the spacer is disposed at the output end of the cylinder rod; the tension spring is disposed on the spacer; and the housing is used to accommodate the spacer and the tension spring.

[0016] A transport aircraft according to a second aspect of this application includes a tensioning device as described in the first aspect or its various implementations.

[0017] A tunneling machine according to a third aspect of this application includes a transport vehicle as described in the second aspect or its various implementations.

[0018] One of the above technical solutions has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0019] A tensioning device according to an embodiment of this application includes: a tensioning cylinder disposed on both sides of a conveyor for tensioning the scraper chain of the conveyor; an oil supply mechanism connected to the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder via a pipeline for continuously supplying hydraulic oil to the tensioning cylinder; and a pressure control mechanism connected to the oil return port of the tensioning cylinder via a pipeline for controlling the pressure of the tensioning cylinder to remain within a preset threshold range. The pressure control mechanism maintains the pressure of the tensioning cylinder in real time using hydraulic oil, dynamically adjusting the stroke of the tensioning cylinder so that the tensioning cylinder can automatically adjust the tension of the scraper chain of the first conveyor of the tunneling machine according to the load.

[0020] The transport machine and tunneling machine provided in this application embodiment are equipped with the tensioning device mentioned above. Since the tensioning device has the above-mentioned technical effects, the transport machine and tunneling machine equipped with the tensioning device should also have the corresponding technical effects. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a tensioning device provided in this application is shown;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the tensioning cylinder provided in this application is shown;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the spring seat provided in this application is shown;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the tensioning device provided in this application during operation is shown.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 1. Tensioning cylinder; 11. Cylinder body; 12. Cylinder rod; 13. Spring seat; 131. Spacer; 132. Tensioning spring; 133. Housing; 2. Oil supply mechanism; 21. Oil pump motor; 22. Hydraulic pump; 3. Pressure control mechanism; 4. Check valve; 5. Mounting part; 6. Slide rail; 7. Slide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To better explain and facilitate understanding of this application, a detailed description of the application is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The directional terms such as "front," "rear," "inner," and "outer" mentioned herein are used in conjunction with... Figure 2 and Figure 3The orientation is used as a reference. The position of the spring seat 13 relative to the cylinder body 11 is defined as "front"; the position of the tension spring 132 relative to the outer shell 133 is defined as "inner".

[0029] As mentioned above, in the tensioning device of the first conveyor of a tunneling machine disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 201320550071.X, to prevent the piston rod from rotating loose due to reaction force or vibration during operation, mechanical limiting components such as open locking plates or clamps are often installed on the piston rod to lock it. However, in this structure, once the chain is tensioned and locked, the entire tensioning device becomes a rigid structure, relying only on a spring at the drive end for minor buffering. The tensioning spring here is usually a heavy-duty spring with a high stiffness coefficient, designed to provide greater resistance within a limited space. However, due to the high stiffness of the spring, it is not sensitive to instantaneous load changes, lacks good flexible adjustment capability, and is difficult to effectively absorb the impact loads and vibrations generated by the scraper chain due to uneven material distribution and sudden changes in running resistance.

[0030] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design an intelligent tensioning device that can provide dynamic adjustment capabilities, has certain flexible buffering characteristics, and can automatically respond to load changes, so as to improve the reliability and automation level of the transportation system.

[0031] To address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies, this application provides a tensioning device, a conveyor, and a tunneling machine. The tensioning device includes: tensioning cylinders disposed on both sides of the conveyor for tensioning the conveyor's scraper chain; an oil supply mechanism connected to the inlet of the tensioning cylinders via pipelines for continuously supplying hydraulic oil to the tensioning cylinders; and a pressure control mechanism connected to the return port of the tensioning cylinders via pipelines for controlling the pressure of the tensioning cylinders to remain within a preset threshold range. The pressure control mechanism maintains the pressure of the tensioning cylinders in real time using hydraulic oil, dynamically adjusting the stroke of the tensioning cylinders so that the tensioning cylinders can automatically adjust the tension of the scraper chain of the tunneling machine's first conveyor according to the load.

[0032] The tensioning device, transport machine, and tunneling machine according to some embodiments provided in this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] See Figures 1 to 4 The present application provides a tensioning device, comprising: a tensioning cylinder 1, disposed on both sides of a conveyor, for tensioning the scraper chain of the conveyor; an oil supply mechanism 2, connected to the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder 1 via a pipeline, for continuously supplying hydraulic oil to the tensioning cylinder 1; and a pressure control mechanism 3, connected to the oil return port of the tensioning cylinder 1 via a pipeline, for controlling the pressure of the tensioning cylinder 1 to remain within a preset threshold range.

[0034] It should be noted that the tensioning conveyor is equipped with a mounting part 5 for mounting the scraper chain. Both ends of the mounting part 5 can pass through the side wall of the tensioning conveyor and slide along the extension / retraction direction of the tensioning cylinder 1. Two tensioning cylinders 1 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the conveyor, and each tensioning cylinder 1 can be connected to the scraper chain via a drive device. This allows the tensioning cylinder 1 to extend and retract, driving the mounting part to slide along the extension / retraction direction of the tensioning cylinder 1, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the scraper chain tension. One end of the tensioning cylinder 1 is connected to a support on the rear chute of the conveyor via a pin structure, and the other end is bolted to the drive device of the conveyor. The drive device includes a slide rail 6 with the same extension / retraction direction as the tensioning cylinder 1, and a sliding plate 7 that can slide within the slide rail 6. The sliding plate 7 is connected to the mounting part 5.

[0035] During the operation of the conveyor, to ensure the stability and reliability of the conveyor chain system, the appropriate tension of the scraper chain needs to be maintained through dynamic hydraulic pressure regulation. Specifically, when the conveyor starts working, the oil supply mechanism 2 draws hydraulic oil from the oil tank and outputs it to the oil inlet of the tension cylinder 1. At this time, the hydraulic oil enters the tension cylinder 1, causing the cylinder rod 12 to extend forward, thereby compressing the tension spring 132 mounted on the cylinder rod 12. The force is transmitted to the connected drive device, i.e., the slide plate 7, through the spring seat 13, forcing the drive device to move one end of the scraper chain forward in the conveying direction, thereby tightening the scraper chain.

[0036] As hydraulic oil continuously enters the tensioning cylinder 1, the oil pressure in the pipeline gradually increases. When the pressure reaches the preset threshold range, the pressure control mechanism 3 automatically opens, releasing some hydraulic oil back to the oil tank, thereby suppressing further pressure increases and achieving dynamic balance of oil pressure in the pipeline. Through the pressure control mechanism 3, the maximum output thrust of the tensioning cylinder 1 can be controlled, thus precisely controlling the tension and allowable sag of the scraper chain, preventing the scraper chain from being too tight or too loose.

[0037] The key advantage of this tensioning device lies in its real-time automatic adjustment capability. By dynamically adjusting the hydraulic pressure in response to the actual workload, it ensures the scraper chain is always in optimal working condition. This not only improves the stability of the conveyor operation but also extends the service life of the scraper chain and drive unit. Furthermore, the spring's buffering effect, working in conjunction with the hydraulic adjustment function, effectively suppresses impact and vibration during periods of drastic material load fluctuations, significantly enhancing the overall stability and safety of the machine's operation.

[0038] In one illustrative embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tensioning device also includes a one-way valve 4, which is installed on the pipeline at the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder 1. The one-way valve 4 is used to make the pipeline flow unidirectionally from the oil supply mechanism 2 to the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder 1.

[0039] Specifically, the one-way valve 4 is configured on the inlet pipeline between the oil supply mechanism 2 and the tensioning cylinder 1. Its function is to ensure that the hydraulic oil flows only in one direction during the operation of the hydraulic system, that is, from the oil supply mechanism 2 to the tensioning cylinder 1. This prevents the hydraulic oil inside the tensioning cylinder 1 from flowing back to the oil supply mechanism 2 under abnormal conditions such as equipment shutdown or pipeline vibration. It can effectively maintain the hydraulic stability inside the tensioning cylinder 1 and ensure that the tensioning force is not lost due to oil return. This implementation significantly improves the safety and stability of the hydraulic system, and can prevent pressure drops or scraper chain slack caused by system shutdown, instantaneous load release, or abnormal return path, thereby ensuring the continuous and effective tension of the scraper chain. In addition, the one-way valve 4 has anti-backflow and anti-vibration interference capabilities, effectively maintaining system airtightness and operational continuity in complex tunneling environments, and avoiding frequent manual intervention.

[0040] In practical applications, the check valve 4 can be selected according to different specifications and models with different spring preload forces, or a combined check valve with both check and regulation functions can be used. In addition, the installation position of the check valve 4 can also be locally adjusted according to the overall layout of the machine, for example, it can be integrated into the oil supply mechanism 2.

[0041] In one illustrative embodiment, the oil supply mechanism 2 includes an oil pump motor 21 and a hydraulic pump 22, with the output end of the oil pump motor 21 connected to the hydraulic pump 22; the hydraulic pump 22 is connected to the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder 1 through a pipeline.

[0042] Specifically, the oil pump motor 21 serves as the drive source, with its output end connected to the hydraulic pump 22. After the oil pump motor 21 starts, it drives the hydraulic pump 22 to rotate. The hydraulic pump 22 draws in and pressurizes hydraulic oil from the tank, then sends it through pipelines to the inlet of the tensioning cylinder 1, thereby pushing the cylinder rod 12 to extend and generating thrust acting on the conveyor drive device, thus tensioning the scraper chain. This hydraulic oil supply method can achieve continuous and stable high-pressure output, making it particularly suitable for complex application scenarios with frequent load fluctuations and variable tensioning requirements under tunneling conditions. The separate configuration of the hydraulic pump 22 and the oil pump motor 21 also facilitates maintenance and component replacement, improving system modularity and ease of maintenance.

[0043] Furthermore, by adjusting the output characteristics of the hydraulic pump 22, such as by using a pressure regulating valve or a flow control valve, it can be flexibly adapted to the tensioning requirements of different transport loads or scraper chain types, thereby enhancing the system's adaptability and scalability.

[0044] In one illustrative embodiment, the hydraulic pump 22 is a gear pump.

[0045] The gear pump draws hydraulic oil from the tank through the rotation of a pair of meshing driving and driven gears, and generates pressure output by continuously changing the closed volume of the pump chamber. The oil pump motor 21 drives the gear pump to rotate, drawing in hydraulic oil and delivering it to the inlet of the tensioning cylinder 1 via a high-pressure oil circuit. The gear pump has advantages such as strong self-priming capability, compact structure, and low processing cost. It can provide stable and continuous pressure output. Its simple internal structure and low failure rate make it suitable for engineering equipment such as tunneling machines that require high ease of maintenance. Furthermore, the gear pump has high volumetric efficiency, can maintain stable oil supply at low speeds, and has good responsiveness to tensioning systems with frequent changes in scraper chain tension.

[0046] Furthermore, in operating conditions requiring higher pressure or more precise flow control, gear pumps can be replaced with axial piston pumps or variable vane pumps. These alternative pump types offer higher pressure output capacity and adjustment flexibility, making them suitable for high-load or dynamically changing conveying operations. For low-temperature or high-viscosity conditions, the operational adaptability of gear pumps can be improved by optimizing the internal materials and sealing structure.

[0047] In one illustrative embodiment, the pressure control mechanism 3 is a back pressure valve.

[0048] A back pressure valve is a control element used to maintain the pressure in a section of a hydraulic or fluid system above a set value. Its working principle is that the valve closes when the system pressure is below the set value; once the pressure exceeds the set value, the valve core opens and releases fluid, thereby preventing the system pressure from continuing to rise.

[0049] In this embodiment, to achieve stable regulation and constant control of the internal oil pressure of the tensioning cylinder 1, the pressure control mechanism 3 uses a back pressure valve as the main component. The back pressure valve is installed on the pipeline from the return port of the tensioning cylinder 1 to the oil tank. Its main function is to automatically open after the pipeline reaches the set pressure, releasing excess hydraulic oil to the oil tank, thereby forming a controllable pressure holding zone in the system circuit.

[0050] When the hydraulic pump 22 delivers high-pressure oil to the tensioning cylinder 1 through the oil supply line, the cylinder rod 12 extends forward under hydraulic pressure, driving the scraper chain to achieve tension. At the same time, the return port of the tensioning cylinder 1 is connected to the back pressure valve. When the pipeline pressure is lower than the opening value of the back pressure valve, the return path is closed, and the internal pressure of the tensioning cylinder 1 is maintained. When the pressure rises to the set threshold, the back pressure valve automatically opens, releasing hydraulic oil to prevent system overpressure, thereby achieving precise adjustment and dynamic maintenance of the scraper chain tension.

[0051] In practical applications, back pressure valves can be selected in different specifications and models according to the working pressure level, or an adjustable overflow back pressure valve can be used to achieve precise pressure setting. If the system has higher requirements for adjustment accuracy, the back pressure valve can also be replaced with an electro-hydraulic proportional valve or a servo control valve, and the return oil pressure can be adjusted in real time by the controller to achieve a higher level of automation control.

[0052] In one illustrative embodiment, the pressure control mechanism 3 is an electro-hydraulic proportional valve.

[0053] In this embodiment, the pressure control mechanism 3 uses an electro-hydraulic proportional valve instead of a back pressure valve, aiming to improve the system's dynamic regulation capability of the scraper chain tension pressure. An electro-hydraulic proportional valve is an intelligent control element that converts electrical signals into hydraulic outputs. It can continuously and accurately adjust the pressure value in the hydraulic system through analog voltage or current signals output by the controller.

[0054] During the operation of the transport aircraft, the control system sends control signals to the electro-hydraulic proportional valve based on the real-time load, tension status, or vibration feedback of the scraper chain. The electro-hydraulic proportional valve then adjusts the valve core opening accordingly, controlling the flow rate at the return port, thereby precisely controlling the pressure within the tensioning cylinder 1. When the load increases and greater tension is required, the controller increases the electrical signal, the valve contracts, and the system pressure increases; when the load decreases, the controller decreases the signal, the valve opens more fully, the hydraulic oil return flow increases, and the system pressure decreases.

[0055] The introduction of an electro-hydraulic proportional valve gives this tensioning device advantages such as continuous adjustability, rapid response, and high control precision, enabling intelligent dynamic control of the scraper chain tension. Compared with a back pressure valve, its pressure adjustment process no longer relies on the mechanical balance of spring and hydraulic feedback, but is precisely set as needed through an electronic control system, making the scraper chain tension more closely match actual load changes.

[0056] In one illustrative embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the tensioning cylinder 1 includes: a cylinder body 11, a cylinder rod 12, and a spring seat 13. The cylinder rod 12 is disposed in the cylinder body 11, and the spring seat 13 is disposed at the output end of the cylinder rod 12. The cylinder body 11 is disposed on the rear chute of the conveyor, and the spring seat 13 is disposed on the drive device of the conveyor. The cylinder rod 12 extends out by being supplied with hydraulic oil by the oil supply mechanism 2, causing the drive device to slide and thus tensioning the scraper chain of the conveyor.

[0057] The cylinder body 11 is mounted on the mounting seat of the rear chute of the conveyor via a pin, and bears the supporting role of the overall structure; the cylinder rod 12 is installed inside the cylinder body 11 to form a telescopic rod structure, which can move axially under hydraulic drive, that is, extend forward or retract backward; the spring seat 13 is installed at the front end of the cylinder rod 12, and is used to connect with the drive device of the conveyor and transmit tension force.

[0058] When the oil supply mechanism 2 is working, hydraulic oil is input into the cylinder body 11 through the pipeline, causing the cylinder rod 12 to extend forward under oil pressure. As the cylinder rod 12 advances, the spring seat 13 pushes the drive device to slide along the transport direction, causing the sprocket assembly to move forward as a whole, thereby tightening the scraper chain, which has good structural stability and operational responsiveness. In addition, the structure is simple and compact in design, easy to install, and convenient for maintenance and component replacement. By controlling the length of the cylinder rod 12 and the hydraulic pressure, it can flexibly adapt to the tensioning requirements of scraper chains of different lengths and specifications, and has good engineering adaptability and scalability.

[0059] In one illustrative embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the spring seat 13 includes: a spacer 131, a tension spring 132, and a housing 133. The spacer 131 is disposed at the output end of the cylinder rod 12; the tension spring 132 is disposed on the spacer 131; and the housing 133 is used to accommodate the spacer 131 and the tension spring 132.

[0060] Spacer 131 is installed on the extended end of cylinder rod 12, serving as a stable central support and guide; tension spring 132 is fitted on the outside of spacer 131, with one end abutting against the outer edge of spacer 131 and the other end constrained between the limiting surfaces formed by the inner wall of housing 133; the entire assembly is covered and fixed by housing 133, forming a complete integrated spring seat 13.

[0061] When the cylinder rod 12 extends under hydraulic pressure, its output end drives the spacer 131 forward, simultaneously compressing the tension spring 132. The elastic deformation of the spring generates additional thrust acting on the drive device, achieving a flexible tensioning effect. In the event of sudden load changes or impacts on the scraper chain, the spring 132 can absorb impact energy and buffer vibrations. Simultaneously, it releases energy when the load decreases, helping to maintain the tension of the scraper chain and achieving dynamic adjustment of the scraper chain tension.

[0062] Depending on the application requirements, the tension spring 132 can be selected from a combination of cylindrical compression springs, disc springs, or vane springs to meet different force-stroke response curves. The housing 133 can be designed as a detachable structure for easy maintenance and replacement. If higher vibration control is required, a rubber pad can be added between the tension spring 132 and the spacer 131 to further improve damping performance.

[0063] Based on the tensioning device provided in the above embodiments, some embodiments of this application also provide a transport aircraft including the tensioning device of the above embodiments. Since the transport aircraft provided in this embodiment has the tensioning device provided in any of the above embodiments, the transport aircraft has all the beneficial effects of the tensioning device provided in any of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0064] Based on the transport machine provided in the above embodiments, some embodiments of this application also provide a tunneling machine, including the tensioning device of the above embodiments. Since the tunneling machine provided in this embodiment has the tensioning device provided in any of the above embodiments, the tunneling machine has all the beneficial effects of the tensioning device provided in any of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0065] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0066] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0067] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0068] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "exemplary model," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0069] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A tensioning device, characterized in that, include: Tensioning cylinders (1) are installed on both sides of the conveyor and are used to tension the scraper chain of the conveyor. The oil supply mechanism (2) is connected to the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder (1) through a pipeline, and is used to continuously supply hydraulic oil to the tensioning cylinder (1); The pressure control mechanism (3) is connected to the return port of the tensioning cylinder (1) through a pipeline, and is used to control the pressure of the tensioning cylinder (1) to be maintained within a preset threshold range.

2. The tensioning device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A one-way valve (4) is installed on the pipeline at the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder (1). The one-way valve (4) is used to allow the pipeline to flow unidirectionally from the oil supply mechanism (2) to the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder (1).

3. The tensioning device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The oil supply mechanism (2) includes an oil pump motor (21) and a hydraulic pump (22). The output end of the oil pump motor (21) is connected to the hydraulic pump (22). The hydraulic pump (22) is connected to the oil inlet of the tensioning cylinder (1) through a pipeline.

4. A tensioning device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The hydraulic pump (22) is a gear pump.

5. A tensioning device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure control mechanism (3) is a back pressure valve.

6. A tensioning device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure control mechanism (3) is an electro-hydraulic proportional valve.

7. A tensioning device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tensioning cylinder (1) includes: a cylinder body (11), a cylinder rod (12), and a spring seat (13). The cylinder rod (12) is disposed in the cylinder body (11), and the spring seat (13) is disposed at the output end of the cylinder rod (12). The cylinder body (11) is disposed on the rear chute of the conveyor, and the spring seat (13) is disposed on the drive device of the conveyor. The cylinder rod (12) extends out by being supplied with hydraulic oil by the oil supply mechanism (2) to make the drive device slide, thereby tensioning the scraper chain of the conveyor.

8. A tensioning device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The spring seat (13) includes: a spacer (131), a tension spring (132), and a housing (133). The spacer (131) is disposed at the output end of the cylinder rod (12). The tension spring (132) is disposed on the spacer (131). The housing (133) is used to accommodate the spacer (131) and the tension spring (132).

9. A transport aircraft, characterized in that, include: The tensioning device as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A tunneling machine, characterized in that, include: The transport aircraft as described in claim 9.

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