Building management and control system and intelligent building

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of Internet of Things, and discloses a building management and control system and an intelligent building, and the system comprises a control module, a plurality of control terminals, a sensor module, and a building management subsystem. The sensor module is used for gathering sensor data of the building management subsystem and transmitting the sensor data to the control module; the control terminal is used for monitoring the operation state of the building management subsystem and sending an equipment control instruction for controlling the building management subsystem to the control module; and the control module is used for receiving the sensor data of the building management subsystem acquired by the sensor module, and controlling the operation state of the building management subsystem based on the sensor data and the equipment control command sent by the control terminal. According to the utility model, the on-site or mobile terminal remote regulation and management function of the equipment in the building on the mobile terminal is realized, and the problem that the on-site or mobile terminal remote regulation and management function on the mobile terminal does not exist in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, specifically to a building management and control system and a smart building. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology and wireless network technology, the entry of wireless mobile terminal devices into the field of management tools has become a development trend, and the collaborative management of traditional computer management and mobile terminals has become a development trend in the field of intelligent management.

[0003] Existing building control systems involve complex integrated control and management systems for subsystems such as power, fresh air, and air conditioning. They can only be managed and controlled in a central control room, requiring personnel to be on duty 24 hours a day to monitor and implement management responsibilities. They do not have the function of on-site or remote control and management via mobile terminals. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a building management and control system and a smart building to solve the problem that the existing technology does not have the function of on-site or mobile remote control and management.

[0005] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a building management and control system, including: a control module, multiple control terminals, a sensor module, and a building management subsystem;

[0006] One end of the sensor module is connected to the building management subsystem. The sensor module is used to collect sensor data from the building management subsystem and transmit the sensor data to the control module.

[0007] One end of each control terminal is connected to the building management subsystem, and the other end of each control terminal is connected to the control module. The control terminal is used to monitor the operating status of the building management subsystem and send equipment control commands to the control module to control the building management subsystem.

[0008] One end of the control module is connected to the other end of the sensor module, and the other end of the control module is connected to the building management subsystem. The control module is used to receive sensor data from the building management subsystem collected by the sensor module, and to control the operating status of the building management subsystem based on the sensor data and the device control commands sent by the control terminal.

[0009] This utility model provides a building management and control system where the sensor module is directly connected to the building management subsystem, enabling rapid and accurate collection of various sensor data. The setup of multiple control terminals greatly enhances the convenience of system operation and monitoring. Personnel in different locations can monitor the real-time operation status of the building management subsystem through their respective control terminals. Whether it's management personnel in the office or staff conducting on-site inspections, everyone can conveniently obtain real-time data from the subsystem according to their needs. The control module integrates the real-time data collected by the sensor module and the device control commands sent by the control terminals to control the operational status of the building management subsystem. Multiple control terminals serve as backup control methods, enhancing system reliability. If one control terminal malfunctions, other control terminals can still operate normally, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring and control of the building management subsystem. The entire building management and control system is tightly integrated with the control module, multiple control terminals, sensor modules, and the building management subsystem, forming a highly integrated architecture. This enables on-site or remote control and management of equipment within the building via mobile terminals, solving the problem of existing technologies lacking on-site or remote control and management capabilities via mobile terminals.

[0010] In one optional implementation, the building management subsystem includes a fresh air subsystem, an air conditioning subsystem, a supply and exhaust air subsystem, a water supply and drainage subsystem, a lighting subsystem, and a power distribution subsystem.

[0011] The fresh air subsystem includes a first relay sensor; the air conditioning subsystem includes a first temperature sensor, a first flow sensor, and a pressure sensor; the supply and exhaust air subsystem includes a second relay sensor and a second temperature sensor; the water supply and drainage subsystem includes a second flow sensor, a water level sensor, and a third temperature sensor; the lighting subsystem includes a third relay sensor; and the electronic distribution system includes an electrical switch sensor.

[0012] One end of the sensor module is connected to the first relay sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first flow sensor, the pressure sensor, the second relay sensor, the second temperature sensor, the second flow sensor, the water level sensor, the third temperature sensor, the third relay sensor, and the electrical switch sensor, respectively.

[0013] The sensor module is used to collect sensor data from the first relay sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first flow sensor, the pressure sensor, the second relay sensor, the second temperature sensor, the second flow sensor, the water level sensor, the third temperature sensor, the third relay sensor, and the electrical switch sensor, and transmit the sensor data to the control module.

[0014] This utility model provides a building management system where the sensor module is directly connected to various sensors in each subsystem, covering fresh air, air conditioning, supply and exhaust air, water supply and drainage, lighting, and electronic distribution systems. From the first relay sensor in the fresh air subsystem to the first temperature, flow, and pressure sensors in the air conditioning subsystem, and the electrical switch sensors in the electronic distribution system, various types of data can be collected comprehensively and with precision. This comprehensive data acquisition ensures accurate perception of the status of each operational aspect of the building, providing the control module with rich and detailed data to make decisions that better meet actual needs. For example, through multiple sensors in the air conditioning subsystem, the cooling / heating effect and energy consumption of the air conditioning can be accurately grasped, providing a basis for optimizing air conditioning operation. Based on comprehensive and accurate data acquisition and transmission, the control module can achieve coordinated control and precise optimization between various subsystems.

[0015] In one optional implementation, the building management subsystem further includes an access control subsystem, an elevator subsystem, an environmental management subsystem, and a fire monitoring subsystem, all of which are connected to a sensor module, a control module, and a control terminal.

[0016] This utility model provides a building management system that adds access control, elevator, environmental management, and fire monitoring subsystems, which are connected to sensor and control modules, greatly improving the integration of the building management system. Data from each subsystem is aggregated in the control module, enabling one-stop management.

[0017] In one optional implementation, the control module communicates with the fresh air subsystem, air conditioning subsystem, supply and exhaust air subsystem, water supply and drainage subsystem, lighting subsystem, power distribution subsystem, access control subsystem, elevator subsystem, environmental management subsystem, and fire monitoring subsystem via MQTT or WebSocket communication protocols.

[0018] This utility model provides a building management system. The MQTT communication protocol is highly efficient for subsystems with numerous devices and large data volumes, such as fresh air systems and air conditioning subsystems, enabling the transmission of sensor data and control commands between the control module and the subsystems. Both MQTT and WebSocket protocols can meet the stringent real-time requirements of building management systems.

[0019] In one optional implementation, the building management system further includes an access control module, which is connected to multiple control terminals and a control module. The access control module is used to allocate and manage the management permissions of each control terminal, thereby limiting each control terminal to sending control commands to the control module for controlling the designated space devices of the building management subsystem.

[0020] This utility model provides a building management system where the access control module strictly limits the permissions of each control terminal to send commands to the control module, greatly improving the security of the building management system. By assigning different management permissions to different control terminals, the system can adapt to diverse management needs. Each control terminal corresponds to a specific management permission, making management responsibilities clear and unambiguous. When a problem occurs with a device in a designated space, the operation records of the control terminal with the corresponding permissions can be quickly traced. The access control module restricts the control terminal's access to the control module and the sending of commands, preventing unauthorized terminals from arbitrarily changing system configurations or sending incorrect commands, thereby ensuring the security and stability of the system's operational data.

[0021] In one optional implementation, the building management system further includes a data acquisition module and a data storage module, wherein the data acquisition module is connected to the data storage module and multiple control terminals respectively;

[0022] The data acquisition module is used to collect device control commands input from the data storage module and multiple control terminals;

[0023] The data storage module is used to store the basic data for the normal operation of the building management subsystem and the historical data used by each device in the building management subsystem.

[0024] This utility model provides a building management and control system. The data storage module is responsible for storing the basic data for the normal operation of the building management subsystem, such as the rated parameters and initial settings of each device, as well as historical data for each device, including start-up and shutdown times, runtime, and maintenance records. This rich data provides solid support for the continuous and stable operation of the system. The data acquisition module connects the data storage module and multiple control terminals, enabling efficient acquisition of device control commands from various parties. It summarizes and integrates the commands issued by the control terminals and transmits them to the data storage module for recording in a timely manner. Based on the historical data in the data storage module, refined maintenance of the equipment in the building management subsystem can be performed.

[0025] In one alternative implementation, the building management system further includes a web server; the web server is connected to the control module, the data acquisition module, and multiple control terminals.

[0026] This utility model provides a building management system in which a web server serves as the core hub connecting the control module, data acquisition module, and multiple control terminals, greatly optimizing the data interaction process. The introduction of the web server enhances the scalability and compatibility of the building management system. Based on the web server architecture, users can remotely manage the building management system from anywhere with an internet connection via a browser.

[0027] In one optional implementation, the building management system further includes a display module, which is connected to the control module, the sensor module, multiple control terminals and the building management subsystem. The display module is used to display in real time the sensor data collected by the sensor module, the device control commands input by the multiple control terminals and the operating status data of each device in the building management subsystem.

[0028] This utility model provides a building management system where the display module shows real-time sensor data collected by the sensor module, such as air quality from the fresh air subsystem and temperature and humidity from the air conditioning subsystem. This allows managers to intuitively grasp the real-time operating status of various building systems without complex query processes. The display module also instantly displays device control commands input from the control terminal, facilitating managers' confirmation of successful command issuance and effectiveness, avoiding repetitive operations, and greatly improving the efficiency of daily management. The real-time display function of the display module makes system monitoring more efficient and comprehensive. It centrally displays the operating data of multiple subsystems, allowing managers to simultaneously monitor multiple systems such as fresh air, air conditioning, and lighting, and promptly identify potential problems. Real-time display of device control commands helps to promptly detect errors or anomalies during command execution. If the command sent by the control terminal fails to correctly reflect the execution result on the display module, it may indicate a command transmission failure or abnormal device response. Managers can quickly intervene to troubleshoot, preventing the problem from escalating and ensuring the stable operation of the building management system.

[0029] Secondly, this utility model provides a smart building, including: a building body and a building management and control system according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment, wherein the building body is connected to the building management and control system. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a building management and control system according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of another building control system according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a smart building according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can also refer to the internal connection of two components; and they can refer to a wireless connection or a wired connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this utility model described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0037] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an intelligent building management system. This system can centrally manage various subsystems within a building, including fresh air systems, ventilation systems, water supply and drainage systems, power distribution systems, air conditioning systems, and lighting subsystems, through a networked intelligent building management system. Combined with the functionality of mobile terminals for centralized, hierarchical, and itemized management based on management permissions, it achieves intelligent operation of multiple energy sources such as electricity, water, and heating / cooling sources, as well as various equipment, achieving low-carbon effects and realizing intelligent building operation and maintenance services. Not only can it provide unified control and monitoring of different equipment systems in various areas of the building through a central control room, but it can also monitor, control, diagnose faults, and manage alarms for office or exhibition hall equipment within a specific permission range via mobile terminals, providing users with efficient logistical support services.

[0038] This embodiment provides a building management and control system 1. Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a building management and control system according to an embodiment of the present utility model, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the building management system 1 includes: a control module 11, multiple control terminals 12, a sensor module 13, and a building management subsystem 14. One end of the sensor module 13 is connected to the building management subsystem 14, and the sensor module is used to collect sensor data from the building management subsystem 14 and transmit the sensor data to the control module 11. One end of each control terminal 12 is connected to the building management subsystem 14, and the other end of each control terminal 12 is connected to the control module. The control terminal 12 is used to monitor the operating status of the building management subsystem 14 and send device control commands to the control module 11 to control the building management subsystem 14. One end of the control module 11 is connected to the other end of the sensor module 13, and the other end of the control module 11 is connected to the building management subsystem 14. The control module 11 is used to receive the sensor data of the building management subsystem 14 collected by the sensor module 13, and control the operating status of the building management subsystem 14 based on the sensor data and the device control commands sent by the control terminal 12.

[0039] Specifically, sensor modules connect to various sensors in the building management subsystem through multiple types of interfaces. For example, the first relay sensor in the fresh air subsystem typically uses an electrical connection, connecting to the sensor module via standard terminal blocks. These terminal blocks offer good conductivity and stability, reliably transmitting electrical signals reflecting fan start / stop, valve opening / closing, and other statuses. Temperature, flow, and pressure sensors in the air conditioning subsystem may use analog signal interfaces, such as a 4-20mA current loop interface or a 0-5V voltage interface. Taking the 4-20mA current loop as an example, the sensor's output current signal has strong anti-interference capabilities during transmission and is connected to the corresponding analog input channel of the sensor module via a dedicated cable. Various sensors in the supply and exhaust air subsystem, water supply and drainage subsystem, lighting subsystem, and power distribution subsystem also connect to the sensor module through corresponding analog or digital interfaces, depending on their signal characteristics. Digital sensors, such as some intelligent water level sensors, may use RS485 interfaces, utilizing twisted-pair cables for data transmission, supporting multi-node connections, and facilitating wiring in complex building environments.

[0040] The core hardware of the sensor module includes a data integration circuit and a signal conditioning chip. The data integration circuit consists of multiple multiplexers (MUX), which sequentially switch signals from different sensors to subsequent processing circuits according to a preset timing sequence. The signal conditioning chip is responsible for performing a series of processing steps on the input signal, such as converting analog signals to digital signals via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to meet the needs of subsequent digital processing. Simultaneously, the signal conditioning chip also has filtering capabilities, employing hardware filters such as low-pass and band-pass filters to remove high-frequency noise and low-frequency interference from the signal, ensuring data accuracy. For example, the temperature sensor signal from an air conditioning subsystem might pass through a second-order low-pass filter to remove high-frequency noise of 50Hz and above before analog-to-digital conversion.

[0041] The sensor module connects to the control module via high-speed data transmission lines, commonly Ethernet or CAN bus interfaces. If an Ethernet interface is used, the sensor module integrates an Ethernet controller chip, such as the W5500, which packages the integrated and processed data according to the TCP / IP protocol and transmits it to the control module via an RJ45 interface and Ethernet cable. The CAN bus interface utilizes a CAN controller chip, such as the MCP2515, to encode the data according to the CAN protocol. Then, a CAN transceiver chip, such as the TJA1050, converts the data into differential signals for high-speed, reliable transmission on the CAN bus, suitable for industrial control scenarios with high real-time and reliability requirements.

[0042] Each control terminal can be a mobile terminal such as a tablet or smartphone. One end of the control terminal can establish a connection with the building management subsystem via wired or wireless network. For wired connections, an Ethernet interface is commonly used, connecting to the building's internal local area network (LAN). The control terminal is equipped with a standard Ethernet network card and connects to the network via an RJ45 interface and Ethernet cable. For wireless networks, the control terminal typically supports WiFi or Bluetooth connections. For control terminals supporting WiFi, a built-in WiFi module, such as the ESP8266, can connect to wireless access points (APs) within the building. When connecting to the elevator subsystem, if wiring inside the elevator car is inconvenient, a Bluetooth connection can be used. The control terminal communicates with the Bluetooth gateway inside the elevator car via a built-in Bluetooth chip, such as the CC2540, to obtain information such as the elevator's position, direction of travel, and load status.

[0043] The user interface of a control terminal is typically implemented based on a touchscreen display or physical buttons. Touchscreen displays use capacitive or resistive touch technology. When an operator touches the screen, the touch control chip converts the touch position information into a digital signal and transmits it to the control terminal's microprocessor (MCU). For example, when adjusting the cooling temperature of an air conditioning subsystem, the operator inputs the target temperature value on the touchscreen. The touch control chip converts this operation into corresponding coordinate data. After receiving the data, the MCU generates corresponding equipment control commands based on a preset software algorithm. For control terminals using physical buttons, the buttons are connected to the MCU via a button matrix circuit. When a button is pressed, it changes the circuit's conduction state. The MCU detects the level change in the button matrix, recognizes the button operation, and generates commands.

[0044] Communication between the control terminal and the control module is achieved through communication lines, commonly serial communication (RS232, RS485) or Ethernet communication. If serial communication is used, the control terminal integrates a serial communication chip, such as MAX232 (for RS232 level conversion) or MAX485 (for RS485 communication), which encodes the device control commands generated by the MCU according to the serial communication protocol and sends them to the control module through the serial interface. When Ethernet communication is used, the control terminal utilizes its Ethernet network card to encapsulate the commands according to the TCP / IP protocol and transmits them to the control module via Ethernet cable, ensuring fast and accurate delivery of commands.

[0045] One end of the control module receives data from the sensor module and the other end receives device control commands from the control terminal. For data input from the sensor module, if an Ethernet interface is used, the control module is equipped with an Ethernet interface chip, such as the LAN8720, which receives data packets from the sensor module via an RJ45 interface. The internal microprocessor then unpacks and parses the data. If a CAN bus interface is used, the control module utilizes a CAN controller and CAN transceiver, such as the MCP2515 and TJA1050 mentioned earlier, to receive sensor data from the CAN bus. When receiving commands from the control terminal, if it is serial communication, the control module receives the commands through a corresponding serial communication chip and performs level conversion and protocol parsing. For example, for RS485 serial communication, the control module's MAX485 chip converts differential signals to TTL level signals for microprocessor processing.

[0046] The control module can be implemented using the iDrip intelligent system platform. The core of the control module is a microprocessor, such as a high-performance ARM microprocessor, which runs complex control algorithms and logical judgment programs. The microprocessor is equipped with a large capacity of memory, including random access memory (RAM) and flash memory. RAM is used to store temporary data during operation, such as sensor data, control commands, and calculation results; Flash memory is used to store control algorithm programs, system configuration parameters, and historical data of device operation. In addition, the control module may also integrate a digital signal processor (DSP) for rapid digital signal processing of sensor data, such as filtering and Fourier transforms, to extract useful information and assist in control decisions.

[0047] The other end of the control module is connected to various devices in the building management subsystem via multiple control lines. For the lighting subsystem, the control module may output control signals via relays, using solid-state relays or electromagnetic relays to convert the digital signals output by the microprocessor into high-voltage signals capable of driving the lighting equipment, controlling its on / off switching and brightness adjustment. For equipment such as the air conditioning subsystem and the ventilation subsystem, the control module may employ PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) output, adjusting the operating power of the equipment by changing the duty cycle of the pulse signal. For example, the control module controls the speed of the air conditioning compressor through a PWM signal to regulate the cooling capacity. The control module may also be equipped with analog output interfaces, such as a DA (Digital-to-Analog Converter) chip, to convert digital control signals into analog voltage or current signals for controlling equipment requiring continuous adjustment, such as frequency converters, ensuring precise and reliable control of the equipment in the building management subsystem.

[0048] This utility model provides a building management and control system where the sensor module is directly connected to the building management subsystem, enabling rapid and accurate collection of various sensor data. The setup of multiple control terminals greatly enhances the convenience of system operation and monitoring. Personnel in different locations can monitor the real-time operation status of the building management subsystem through their respective control terminals. Whether it's management personnel in the office or staff conducting on-site inspections, everyone can conveniently obtain real-time data from the subsystem according to their needs. The control module integrates the real-time data collected by the sensor module and the device control commands sent by the control terminals to control the operational status of the building management subsystem. Multiple control terminals serve as backup control methods, enhancing system reliability. If one control terminal malfunctions, other control terminals can still operate normally, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring and control of the building management subsystem. The entire building management and control system is tightly integrated with the control module, multiple control terminals, sensor modules, and the building management subsystem, forming a highly integrated architecture. This enables on-site or remote control and management of equipment within the building via mobile terminals, solving the problem of existing technologies lacking on-site or remote control and management capabilities via mobile terminals.

[0049] In one alternative implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the building management subsystem includes a fresh air subsystem 141, an air conditioning subsystem 142, a supply and exhaust air subsystem 143, a water supply and drainage subsystem 144, a lighting subsystem 145, and an electronic distribution system 146.

[0050] The fresh air subsystem 141 includes a first relay sensor; the air conditioning subsystem 142 includes a first temperature sensor, a first flow sensor, and a pressure sensor; the supply and exhaust air subsystem 143 includes a second relay sensor and a second temperature sensor; the water supply and drainage subsystem 144 includes a second flow sensor, a water level sensor, and a third temperature sensor; the lighting subsystem 145 includes a third relay sensor; and the electronic distribution system 146 includes an electrical switch sensor. One end of the sensor module 13 is connected to the first relay sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first flow sensor, the pressure sensor, the second relay sensor, the second temperature sensor, the second flow sensor, the water level sensor, the third temperature sensor, the third relay sensor, and the electrical switch sensor, respectively. The sensor module 13 is used to collect sensor data from the first relay sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first flow sensor, the pressure sensor, the second relay sensor, the second temperature sensor, the second flow sensor, the water level sensor, the third temperature sensor, the third relay sensor, and the electrical switch sensor, and transmit the sensor data to the control module 11.

[0051] Specifically, the first relay sensor in the fresh air subsystem is mainly used to monitor the operating status of the fresh air equipment, such as fan start / stop and valve opening / closing. Its connection to the sensor module 13 is electrical. The other end of the first relay sensor is connected to the corresponding input channel of the sensor module 13 via a standard terminal block.

[0052] In the air conditioning subsystem, the first temperature sensor measures the indoor or refrigerant temperature. A thermistor-type temperature sensor is typically used, and its output signal is an analog signal. Sensor module 13 is equipped with a dedicated analog input channel for connection, which may use a 4-20mA current loop interface or a 0-5V voltage interface. If a 4-20mA current loop interface is used, the current signal output by the temperature sensor is connected to the current loop input pin of sensor module 13 via a dedicated cable. The current loop transmission method has strong anti-interference capabilities and can accurately transmit temperature data in complex building electromagnetic environments.

[0053] The first flow sensor is used to monitor the flow rate of refrigerant or water. Common types include electromagnetic flow meters and vortex flow meters. Taking an electromagnetic flow meter as an example, its output is also an analog signal, and its connection to the sensor module 13 is also based on the analog input channel. The induced electromotive force signal output by the electromagnetic flow meter is processed by a signal conditioning circuit and then connected to the corresponding voltage input pin of the sensor module 13. The sensor module 13 calculates the flow rate data based on the received voltage value.

[0054] Pressure sensors are used to detect pressure in air conditioning systems, such as refrigerant pressure. They are typically strain gauge type pressure sensors that output an analog voltage signal. This signal is connected to the analog port of sensor module 13 via a shielded cable. The shielded cable effectively reduces external electromagnetic interference, ensuring accurate transmission of the pressure signal. Internally, sensor module 13 amplifies and filters the input pressure signal before converting it into a digital value for subsequent analysis.

[0055] In the supply and exhaust air subsystem, similar to the first relay sensor in the fresh air subsystem, the second relay sensor in the supply and exhaust air subsystem is used to monitor the operating status of the supply and exhaust air equipment. It is electrically connected to the digital input channel of sensor module 13 via wiring terminals to transmit switch signals from the supply and exhaust air equipment, such as the start / stop status of the fan. The second temperature sensor, typically a thermistor, is used to sense the ambient temperature of the supply and exhaust air system. Its output analog temperature signal is connected to sensor module 13 via an analog input channel, similar to the connection method used for the temperature sensor in the air conditioning subsystem. Sensor module 13 processes this signal to obtain the ambient temperature data.

[0056] The second flow sensor in the water supply and drainage subsystem measures water flow rate; it may be a turbine flow meter or an ultrasonic flow meter. Taking a turbine flow meter as an example, its output pulse signal is connected to sensor module 13 via a digital input channel. A counter inside sensor module 13 counts the pulse signals and calculates the water flow rate based on the correlation between pulse frequency and flow rate. Water level sensors come in various types. For example, a float-type water level sensor outputs a switching signal, which is connected to the digital input channel of sensor module 13 via a terminal block to monitor whether the water level in a tank or pool has reached a set value. A static pressure water level sensor outputs an analog voltage signal, which is connected to the analog input channel of sensor module 13. Sensor module 13 calculates the actual water level height based on the input voltage value. The third temperature sensor measures the water temperature in the water supply and drainage system. Its connection method and signal processing are similar to those of the temperature sensors in the air conditioning subsystem and the supply and exhaust ventilation subsystem. The water temperature signal is transmitted to sensor module 13 via an analog input channel.

[0057] The third relay sensor in the lighting subsystem is used to monitor the operating status of the lighting equipment, such as the on / off status of the lamps. It is connected to the digital input channel of the sensor module 13 via electrical connection using terminal blocks, transmitting the on / off signals of the lighting equipment to the sensor module 13.

[0058] Electrical switch sensors in power distribution systems are used to monitor the on / off status of electrical switches and output switching signals. Connected to the digital input channel of sensor module 13 via terminals, sensor module 13 acquires real-time electrical switch status information, providing data support for power system operation monitoring.

[0059] In one alternative implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the building management subsystem also includes an access control subsystem 147, an elevator subsystem 148, an environmental management subsystem 149, and a fire monitoring subsystem 150. The access control subsystem 147, elevator subsystem 148, environmental management subsystem 149, and fire monitoring subsystem 150 are all connected to the sensor module 13, the control module 11, and the control terminal 12.

[0060] Specifically, the card reader sensor in the access control subsystem is used to read personnel access card information. Common card readers include radio frequency identification (RFID) readers, which connect to sensor module 13 via RS485 or Wiegand interfaces. Taking the RS485 interface as an example, the TX (transmit) and RX (receive) pins of the card reader are connected to the corresponding pins of the RS485 interface chip of sensor module 13, such as the MAX485 chip. The RS485 interface supports multi-node connection, allowing multiple card readers to be connected on a single bus, facilitating wiring in large buildings. The access card ID and other information read by the card reader are transmitted to sensor module 13 in differential signal form via the RS485 bus. Sensor module 13 performs level conversion and data parsing on the signal. Door magnetic sensors are used to monitor the opening and closing status of doors and are typically installed on the door frame and door body. The output of the door magnetic sensor is a switching signal, which is directly connected to the digital input channel of sensor module 13 via a terminal block. When the door is opened or closed, the state of the door magnetic sensor changes, generating a corresponding electrical signal. The sensor module 13 detects this signal in real time to obtain the current state information of the door.

[0061] The core device of the access control subsystem, the access controller, is connected to the control module 11 via a network interface. Common network interfaces include Ethernet interfaces. The access controller is equipped with an Ethernet network card, such as the RTL8192CU chip, and connects to the building's internal network via an RJ45 interface and Ethernet cable, thereby communicating with the control module 11. The control module 11 can send commands to the access controller, such as remotely opening the door or setting access permissions. After receiving the commands, the access controller executes the corresponding operations and feeds back the access control system's status information to the control module 11.

[0062] The elevator subsystem includes an elevator controller, a car position sensor, and a weight sensor. The car position sensor monitors the car's position in real time, and common types include rotary encoders and magnetic switch sensors. The rotary encoder is mounted on the rotating shaft of the elevator traction machine, and its output pulse signal is connected to the sensor module 13 via a high-speed counter interface. The sensor module 13 uses an internal counter to count the pulses and calculates the car's position information based on the number of pulses and the encoder's resolution. The magnetic switch sensor is installed inside the elevator shaft and determines the car's position by detecting magnets on the car. Its output switch signal is connected to the digital input channel of the sensor module 13, and the sensor module 13 determines whether the car has reached a specific floor based on the trigger state of the magnetic switch. The weight sensor is installed at the bottom of the elevator car to detect the load weight inside the car. The weight sensor is generally a strain gauge type and outputs an analog voltage signal. This signal is connected to the sensor module 13 via an analog input channel. The sensor module 13 amplifies, filters, and processes the input analog signal before converting it into a digital quantity to obtain the weight data inside the car.

[0063] The elevator controller connects to the control module 11 via a dedicated communication protocol, commonly the CAN bus protocol or the MODBUS protocol. If the CAN bus protocol is used, the elevator controller integrates a CAN controller chip, such as the MCP2515, and uses a CAN transceiver chip, such as the TJA1050, to convert data into differential signals for transmission on the CAN bus. The control module 11 can send control commands to the elevator controller, such as floor calls and elevator operating mode switching, and simultaneously receive elevator operating status information from the elevator controller, such as the elevator's direction of travel and whether there is a malfunction.

[0064] The environmental management subsystem includes an environmental controller, temperature and humidity sensors, and an air quality sensor. The temperature and humidity sensors in the environmental management subsystem monitor the temperature and humidity of the indoor environment. Common temperature and humidity sensors are of two types: digital and analog. Digital temperature and humidity sensors, such as the DHT11, connect to the sensor module 13 via a single bus interface, requiring only one data cable for data transmission. The sensor module 13 reads the temperature and humidity data output by the DHT11 according to a specific timing sequence. Analog temperature and humidity sensors output analog voltage signals, which are connected to the sensor module 13 via an analog input channel. The sensor module 13 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the signal to obtain the temperature and humidity data. The air quality sensor is used to detect the concentration of harmful gases, particulate matter, etc., in indoor air. For example, the MQ135 gas sensor is used to detect harmful gases, and its output analog voltage signal is proportional to the concentration of harmful gases. This signal is connected to the sensor module 13 via an analog input channel. The sensor module 13 processes and analyzes the signal to obtain air quality-related data.

[0065] The environmental controller connects to the control module 11 via serial communication or Ethernet communication. If serial communication is used, the environmental controller is equipped with a serial communication chip, such as MAX232, to send data to the control module 11 according to the serial communication protocol. If Ethernet communication is used, the environmental controller integrates an Ethernet controller chip, such as W5500, and communicates with the control module 11 via an RJ45 interface and an Ethernet cable. Based on the environmental data transmitted from the sensor module 13, the control module 11 sends commands to the environmental controller, such as adjusting the operating parameters of the air conditioning and fresh air systems, to improve indoor environmental quality.

[0066] The fire monitoring subsystem includes a fire alarm controller, smoke sensors, and temperature sensors. Smoke sensors are one of the key sensors in the fire monitoring subsystem; common types include ionization and photoelectric smoke sensors. The output signal of a smoke sensor is either a digital or analog signal. For digital output smoke sensors, when the detected smoke concentration exceeds a set threshold, a high-level or low-level signal is output, connected to the digital input channel of sensor module 13 via a terminal block. Analog output smoke sensors, such as photoelectric smoke sensors, output an analog voltage signal related to smoke concentration, connected to sensor module 13 via an analog input channel. Sensor module 13 processes and interprets the signal. The temperature sensor in the fire monitoring subsystem is similar to temperature sensors in other subsystems, but with a different set temperature threshold. It is used to monitor whether the ambient temperature rises abnormally. Its connection method and signal processing are consistent with the temperature sensor in the environmental management subsystem. It is connected to sensor module 13 via an analog input channel. Sensor module 13 acquires temperature data and compares it with a preset fire alarm temperature threshold.

[0067] The fire alarm controller is connected to the control module 11 via an RS485 bus or a CAN bus. Taking the RS485 bus as an example, the RS485 interface chip of the fire alarm controller, such as the MAX485, transmits fire alarm information, sensor status, and other data to the control module 11 according to the RS485 communication protocol. After receiving the fire alarm signal, the control module 11 can activate relevant emergency plans, such as linking the access control subsystem to open evacuation routes or controlling the elevator to stop at a safe floor. At the same time, the control module 11 can also send commands to the fire alarm controller, such as querying fire alarm history records or testing the fire alarm system.

[0068] In one optional implementation, the control module 11 communicates with the fresh air subsystem 141, air conditioning subsystem 142, air supply and exhaust subsystem 143, water supply and drainage subsystem 144, lighting subsystem 145, power distribution system 146, access control subsystem 147, elevator subsystem 148, environmental management subsystem 149, and fire monitoring subsystem 150 via either the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Trans) communication protocol or the WebSocket communication protocol (a TCP-based network protocol used to establish persistent connections between clients and servers to achieve full-duplex communication).

[0069] This embodiment provides a building management system that employs the MQTT communication protocol. For subsystems with numerous devices and large data volumes, such as the fresh air subsystem and air conditioning subsystem, the MQTT protocol can efficiently transmit sensor data and control commands between the control module and the subsystem. Both MQTT and WebSocket protocols can meet the stringent real-time requirements of building management systems.

[0070] In one alternative implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the building management system also includes an access control module 15, which is connected to multiple control terminals 12 and control module 11. The access control module 15 is used to allocate and manage the management permissions of each control terminal 12, so as to limit each control terminal 12 to send control instructions to the control module 11 for controlling the designated space equipment of the building management subsystem 14.

[0071] Specifically, the core of the permission management module 15 is a high-performance microprocessor, such as an ARM-based microprocessor like the STM32 series. This type of processor has powerful computing capabilities and rich interface resources, enabling it to efficiently run permission management algorithms and process large amounts of permission data. It is responsible for core tasks such as permission allocation, verification, and data interaction with other modules. The permission management module is equipped with high-capacity storage chips, including random access memory (RAM) and flash memory. RAM is used to store temporary data during operation, such as currently processed permission verification requests and permission information of the currently logged-in control terminal. Flash memory is used to store important data such as the system's permission configuration files and the database of user accounts and permission mappings. Considering the security of permission data, the permission management module 15 integrates a data encryption chip, such as an AES encryption chip. When storing and transmitting permission data, the encryption chip encrypts sensitive information to ensure that the data is not illegally stolen or tampered with.

[0072] The access control module 15 connects to multiple control terminals 12 via a network interface, commonly an Ethernet interface. The access control module 15 is equipped with an Ethernet controller chip, such as a LAN8720, and connects to the local area network (LAN) of the control terminals via an RJ45 interface and an Ethernet cable. When a control terminal 12 starts up and attempts to log in to the building management system, it sends a login request to the access control module 15, with the request data transmitted via Ethernet. Upon receiving the request, the access control module 15 performs internal verification. If verification is successful, it transmits the access information of the control terminal back to the control terminal 12 via Ethernet. The control terminal 12 then displays the corresponding operable interface based on the received access information.

[0073] The access control module 15 is connected to the control module 11 via a high-speed communication interface to ensure efficient and real-time data transmission. Common high-speed communication interfaces include CAN bus interfaces or high-speed serial ports (such as RS-422 / RS485 upgrades). If a CAN bus interface is used, the access control module 15 integrates a CAN controller chip, such as the MCP2515, and uses a CAN transceiver chip, such as the TJA1050, to convert data into differential signals for transmission on the CAN bus. When the control terminal 12 sends a device control command to the control module 11, the access control module 15 monitors the command transmission process in real time. First, the access control module 15 verifies whether the control terminal has permission to send the command based on pre-stored access information. If permission is granted, the command is successfully transmitted to the control module 11 via the CAN bus; if permission is not granted, the access control module 15 blocks the command transmission and sends an insufficient permission message to the control terminal 12.

[0074] In one alternative implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the building management system also includes a data acquisition module 16 and a data storage module 17. The data acquisition module 16 is connected to the data storage module 17 and multiple control terminals 12 respectively. The data acquisition module 16 is used to acquire the device control commands input by the data storage module 17 and multiple control terminals 12. The data storage module 17 is used to store the basic data for normal operation of the building management subsystem 14 and the historical data used by each device in the building management subsystem 14.

[0075] Specifically, the data acquisition module connects to multiple control terminals via various communication interfaces, commonly Ethernet and serial ports. When a control terminal sends a control command for a lighting system device, the command is encapsulated in TCP / IP protocol and transmitted quickly via Ethernet cable to the Ethernet interface of the data acquisition module. The W5500 chip parses the protocol and extracts the command content. For serial port connections, RS232 or RS485 interfaces are commonly used. Taking the RS485 interface as an example, the data acquisition module integrates an RS485 serial communication transceiver chip, such as the MAX485. The control terminal and the data acquisition module are connected via twisted-pair cable. The RS485 interface supports multi-node connections, making wiring in buildings more convenient. The commands sent by the control terminal are converted into differential signals by the MAX485 chip and transmitted over the twisted-pair cable. The data acquisition module receives these signals and then performs level conversion and decoding.

[0076] The data acquisition module and data storage module are connected via a high-speed data transmission bus. Common types include SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) bus or I / O bus. 2C (Integrated Circuit Bus). If an SPI bus is used, the data acquisition module integrates an SPI controller, connected to the data storage module via the SPI clock line (SCK), master output / slave input line (MOSI), master input / slave output line (MISO), and chip select line (CS). When the data acquisition module acquires device control commands from the control terminal, it quickly transmits the commands to the data storage module for storage via the SPI bus. The SPI bus is characterized by high speed and simplicity, with a transmission rate reaching several Mbps. The core of the data acquisition module is a microprocessor, such as an ARM Cortex-M series microprocessor like the STM32F103. This processor is responsible for coordinating communication between the control terminal and the data storage module, as well as performing preliminary processing on the acquired commands. It runs the control program for data acquisition and transmission, enabling it to quickly respond to command requests from the control terminal, parse the command content, and transmit the commands to the data storage module according to predetermined rules.

[0077] For storing basic data on the normal operation of the building management subsystem and historical data on equipment usage, the data storage module can use a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD). Besides HDDs and SSDs, the data storage module may also use flash memory chips, such as NAND Flash. NAND Flash is commonly used to store relatively small but important data, such as system configuration files and recent equipment operation records. The core of the data storage module is the storage controller chip, which is responsible for managing read and write operations on the storage medium, data caching, error checking, and other functions. The data storage module communicates via SPI, I... 2 Interfaces such as C connect to the data acquisition module. These interfaces are used not only to receive device control commands transmitted by the data acquisition module, but also to receive various types of data generated during system operation, such as data collected by sensors and device status data sent by the control module. The data storage module receives data through these interfaces according to the communication protocol and stores it in the corresponding storage medium.

[0078] In one alternative implementation, the building management system further includes a Web server 18, which is connected to the control module, the data acquisition module, and multiple control terminals.

[0079] Specifically, the web server and control module are connected via an Ethernet interface. The web server can transmit device control commands issued by the control terminal to the control module via the Ethernet interface, enabling two-way data interaction. For example, when the control terminal sends a command to adjust the temperature of the air conditioning system, the web server receives the command through the Ethernet interface and then forwards it to the control module for execution.

[0080] The web server and data acquisition module can be connected via Ethernet or serial port. If an Ethernet interface is used, the connection method is similar to that of the control module, transmitting data via an RJ45 interface and Ethernet cable. The data acquisition module transmits acquired device control commands, system operation history data, etc., to the web server.

[0081] The web server connects to multiple control terminals via a local area network (LAN) within the building. The web server, acting as a node in the LAN, is connected to the network where the control terminals are located via a switch. The web server receives login requests, device control commands, and other information from the control terminals via the LAN, and then feeds back system status data and permission information to the control terminals.

[0082] The web server includes a Web HTML module. Data received by the web server, such as device status data from the control module and historical data from the data acquisition module, is formatted according to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) rules to generate web page content that can be displayed by the user's browser. The Web HTML module interacts with other modules through the web server's memory, which serves as a temporary storage and processing area for data, ensuring rapid data transfer between different modules. For example, after receiving real-time temperature data from the air conditioning system, the web server reads this data from memory and embeds it into the corresponding HTML page, generating web page content that displays the real-time temperature. The web page content generated by the Web HTML module is then transmitted to the user's browser over the network. The user's browser communicates with the web server via HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) or HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Secure).

[0083] In one optional implementation, the building management system further includes a display module 19, which is connected to the control module, the sensor module, multiple control terminals and the building management subsystem. The display module is used to display in real time the sensor data collected by the sensor module, the device control commands input by the multiple control terminals and the operating status data of each device in the building management subsystem.

[0084] Specifically, the display module uses a high-precision liquid crystal display (LCD). For an LCD, the display driving circuit typically includes an LCD controller and a driver chip. The LCD controller, such as the ILI9341, is responsible for receiving data from the processor and converting it into signals that control the deflection of liquid crystal molecules. This is used to display in real time the sensor data collected by the sensor module, device control commands input from multiple control terminals, and the operating status data of each device in the building management subsystem. For example, when temperature data is received from the sensor module, the processor converts the temperature data into intuitive numerical or graphical forms according to preset display rules and sends it to the display driving circuit for display.

[0085] This embodiment provides a building management system that enables unified automatic management and manual adjustment of multiple systems, improving the level of automation and the convenience of personalized adjustment. It also allows for remote control and management of equipment via mobile terminals. This mobile control method facilitates building management and maintenance, and enables access control of mobile terminals for self-service adjustment of indoor ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, and other equipment in specific areas.

[0086] This utility model embodiment also provides a smart building, such as Figure 3 As shown, it includes: the building itself and the aforementioned Figure 1 and Figure 2 The building control system shown is connected to the building body 2 and the building control system 1.

[0087] Further functional descriptions of each module and unit of the above building management system are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0088] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A building management and control system, characterized in that, The building management system includes: a control module, multiple control terminals, a sensor module, and a building management subsystem; One end of the sensor module is connected to the building management subsystem. The sensor module is used to collect sensor data from the building management subsystem and transmit the sensor data to the control module. One end of each control terminal is connected to the building management subsystem, and the other end of each control terminal is connected to the control module. The control terminal is used to monitor the operating status of the building management subsystem and send equipment control commands to the control module to control the building management subsystem. One end of the control module is connected to the other end of the sensor module, and the other end of the control module is connected to the building management subsystem. The control module is used to receive sensor data of the building management subsystem collected by the sensor module, and to control the operating status of the building management subsystem based on the sensor data and the device control commands sent by the control terminal.

2. The building management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The building management subsystem includes a fresh air subsystem, an air conditioning subsystem, a supply and exhaust air subsystem, a water supply and drainage subsystem, a lighting subsystem, and a power distribution subsystem. The fresh air subsystem includes a first relay sensor; the air conditioning subsystem includes a first temperature sensor, a first flow sensor, and a pressure sensor; the supply and exhaust air subsystem includes a second relay sensor and a second temperature sensor; the water supply and drainage subsystem includes a second flow sensor, a water level sensor, and a third temperature sensor; the lighting subsystem includes a third relay sensor; and the electronic distribution system includes an electrical switch sensor. One end of the sensor module is connected to the first relay sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first flow sensor, the pressure sensor, the second relay sensor, the second temperature sensor, the second flow sensor, the water level sensor, the third temperature sensor, the third relay sensor, and the electrical switch sensor, respectively. The sensor module is used to collect sensor data from the first relay sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first flow sensor, the pressure sensor, the second relay sensor, the second temperature sensor, the second flow sensor, the water level sensor, the third temperature sensor, the third relay sensor, and the electrical switch sensor, and transmit the sensor data to the control module.

3. The building management system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The building management subsystem also includes an access control subsystem, an elevator subsystem, an environmental management subsystem, and a fire monitoring subsystem, all of which are connected to a sensor module, a control module, and a control terminal.

4. The building management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control module communicates with the fresh air subsystem, air conditioning subsystem, air supply and exhaust subsystem, water supply and drainage subsystem, lighting subsystem, power distribution subsystem, access control subsystem, elevator subsystem, environmental management subsystem, and fire monitoring subsystem via MQTT or WebSocket communication protocols.

5. The building management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The building management system also includes an access control module, which is connected to multiple control terminals and the control module. The access control module is used to allocate and manage the management permissions of each control terminal, so as to limit each control terminal to sending control commands to the control module for controlling the designated space devices of the building management subsystem.

6. The building management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The building management system also includes a data acquisition module and a data storage module, wherein the data acquisition module is connected to the data storage module and multiple control terminals respectively; The data acquisition module is used to acquire device control commands input from the data storage module and multiple control terminals; The data storage module is used to store basic data for the normal operation of the building management subsystem and historical data used by each device in the building management subsystem.

7. The building management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The building management system also includes a web server, which is connected to the control module, the data acquisition module, and multiple control terminals.

8. The building management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The building management system also includes a display module, which is connected to the control module, sensor module, multiple control terminals and building management subsystem. The display module is used to display in real time the sensor data collected by the sensor module, the device control commands input by the multiple control terminals and the operating status data of each device in the building management subsystem.

9. A smart building, characterized in that, include: The building itself and the building control system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the building itself is connected to the building control system.

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