An auxiliary charging structure for open-pit water-bearing blast holes

Abstract

This utility model discloses an auxiliary charging structure for open-pit water-bearing blast holes, including a water-bearing blast hole and an auxiliary charging mechanism. The auxiliary charging mechanism further includes a longitudinal guide cable, a counterweight, emulsion explosive rolls, a detonating cord, a transverse fixing cable, and a plugging section. The bottom end of the longitudinal guide cable is connected to the counterweight, which is located at the bottom of the water-bearing blast hole. The top end of the longitudinal guide cable extends to the outside of the water-bearing blast hole. Several rolls of emulsion explosive are wrapped from bottom to top on the longitudinal guide cable above the counterweight via the transverse fixing cable. Each roll of explosive also contains the same detonating cord, the top end of which extends to the outside of the water-bearing blast hole along with the longitudinal guide cable. The plugging section is located at the top of the water-bearing blast hole. The function of this utility model is to provide an auxiliary charging structure for open-pit water-bearing blast holes, thereby optimizing the charging structure, improving blasting effects, and reducing the residual explosive rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model patent belongs to the field of water-hole blasting technology, specifically relating to an auxiliary charging structure for open-pit water-bearing blast holes. Background Technology

[0002] Blasting in water-bearing boreholes is a recognized production challenge in the blasting industry. Due to the difficulty in controlling the quality of the charge and packing, blasting quality problems such as a high rate of large fragments and frequent ground-level explosions often occur. For the construction of water-bearing boreholes using pre-filled emulsion explosives, the following problems commonly arise (see diagram of charge quality problems). Figure 1 ):

[0003] 1. After the explosive is inserted into the hole, due to buoyancy in the water, it will get stuck when it encounters the hole wall. The explosive may not sink to the bottom of the hole, or a gap may form in the middle of the hole, which may lead to the occurrence of blasting at the base or the production of residual explosive.

[0004] 2. Due to buoyancy, the explosive charges inside the borehole are in an "overlapping" state, resulting in low charge density, insufficient explosive power, and a tendency to produce large blast fragments; the continuity of the charge inside the borehole is poor, the detonation is unstable, and residual charge is easily produced.

[0005] Therefore, this paper proposes an auxiliary charging structure for open-pit water-bearing blast holes. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides an auxiliary charging structure for open-pit water-bearing blast holes, thereby optimizing the charging structure of water-bearing blast holes, improving blasting effects, and reducing the incidence of residual explosives.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution: an auxiliary charging structure for an open-pit water-bearing borehole, comprising a water-bearing borehole and an auxiliary charging mechanism. The auxiliary charging mechanism is provided in the water-bearing borehole. The auxiliary charging mechanism further includes a longitudinal guide cable, a counterweight, emulsion explosive rolls, a detonating cord, a transverse fixing cable, and a plugging section. The bottom end of the longitudinal guide cable is connected to the counterweight, and the counterweight is located at the bottom of the water-bearing borehole. The top end of the longitudinal guide cable extends to the outside of the water-bearing borehole. Several rolls of emulsion explosive are wrapped from bottom to top on the longitudinal guide cable above the counterweight by the transverse fixing cable. The several rolls of explosive are also wrapped with the same detonating cord, and the top end of the detonating cord extends to the outside of the water-bearing borehole together with the longitudinal guide cable. The plugging section is located at the top end of the water-bearing borehole.

[0008] Preferably, the counterweight is made of steel ball, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the borehole, and the top of the steel ball is welded with an ear loop.

[0009] Through the above technical solution, the steel ball is designed to use its own weight to pull the explosive and detonating cord bundle to sink to the bottom of the hole. The diameter of the steel ball used should be smaller than the diameter of the borehole. Mining projects can use waste steel balls from ball mills in mineral processing plants. Before use, a loop needs to be welded to the surface of the steel ball to facilitate the binding of the longitudinal guide cord. This facilitates the repeated use of resources during the production process.

[0010] Preferably, waterproof tape can be adhered to the outside of the gaps between the plurality of emulsion explosive rolls.

[0011] The above technical solution can prevent water from seeping into the detonating cord in the blast hole, thus affecting the detonation effect.

[0012] Preferably, the lateral fixing cable is a self-locking cable tie.

[0013] The above technical solution uses a transverse fixing cable to secure the emulsion explosive cartridge and detonating cord to the longitudinal guide cable. To improve construction efficiency, self-locking cable ties can be used. The cable tie should be tightened with appropriate force to prevent the cartridge from slipping longitudinally or breaking the emulsion.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] 1. Using the charging structure of the present invention, the steel ball can use its own mass to pull the explosive cartridge and the detonating cord bundle to sink to the bottom of the hole, avoiding the problems of charging interval and charging not sinking to the bottom caused by the buoyancy of the cartridge in the hole. It can increase the charging amount of water-bearing blast holes, optimize the charging structure, and thus achieve the technical effect of improving the high rate of large pieces in water-bearing blast holes and the high rate of root and foot formation.

[0016] 2. Using detonating cord as the detonator for explosives in water-bearing boreholes ensures that each explosive charge in the borehole is in contact with the detonating cord, completely avoiding the problem of unstable transmission of explosives between charges in the borehole, thereby achieving the technical effect of reducing the probability of residual explosives. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the charge quality issues in Example 1.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the main view of this utility model;

[0020] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0021] 1. Water-bearing borehole; 2. Charge interval; 3. Emulsion explosive cartridge; 4. Emulsion explosive cartridge does not sink to the bottom; 5. Filling section; 6. Longitudinal guide cable; 7. Counterweight; 8. Detonating cord; 9. Lateral fixing cable. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model. Example 1

[0023] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the prior art in this embodiment has the following problems: The inventors have found that the following problems often occur in the prior art (see the schematic diagram of the charge quality problem). Figure 1 ): After the explosive is inserted into the hole, due to buoyancy in the water, it may become stuck when it encounters the hole wall. The explosive or emulsion explosive cartridge in the hole may not sink to the bottom 4, or a charging gap may form in the middle of the hole 2, which may lead to the occurrence of blasting root or the production of residual explosive; due to buoyancy, the cartridges in the hole are in an "overlapping" state in the hole, the explosive density is low, the explosive power is insufficient, and large explosive fragments are easily produced; the continuity of the explosive charge in the hole is poor, the detonation is unstable, and residual explosive is easily produced.

[0024] Therefore, the inventor provides an auxiliary charging structure for an open-pit water-bearing borehole 1, including a water-bearing borehole 1 and an auxiliary charging mechanism. The auxiliary charging mechanism is provided in the water-bearing borehole 1. The auxiliary charging mechanism also includes a longitudinal guide cable 6, a counterweight 7, an emulsion explosive cartridge 3, a detonating cord 8, a transverse fixing cable 9, and a filling section 5. The bottom end of the longitudinal guide cable 6 is connected to the counterweight 7, and the counterweight 7 is located at the bottom of the water-bearing borehole 1. The top end of the longitudinal guide cable 6 extends to the outside of the water-bearing borehole 1. Several cartridges of emulsion explosive 3 are wrapped from bottom to top on the longitudinal guide cable 6 above the counterweight 7 by the transverse fixing cable 9. The several cartridges of explosive 3 are also wrapped with the same detonating cord 8, and the top end of the detonating cord 8 extends to the outside of the water-bearing borehole 1 together with the longitudinal guide cable 6. The filling section 5 is located at the top end of the water-bearing borehole 1.

[0025] Among them, the emulsion explosive is strip-shaped rock emulsion explosive, the specifications of which depend on the borehole diameter. The diameter must be smaller than the borehole diameter, generally 70mm or 90mm, and it is waterproof.

[0026] The longitudinal guide cable 6 is used to longitudinally bind the emulsion explosive cartridge 3 and the detonating cord 8. During loading, the explosive and detonating cord 8 are pulled together under the traction of the steel ball and entered into the borehole. Cotton rope can be used as the material, and its diameter should be above 8mm to ensure tensile strength.

[0027] Detonating cord 8 is used to initiate the explosive cartridges. In conventional charging structures, a detonator is typically inserted into a specific cartridge within the borehole charge to detonate the entire borehole charge. This is a point-based initiation within the borehole. However, in water-filled borehole blasting, due to poor continuity of the charge within the borehole and loose contact between cartridges, point-based initiation can affect the stability of the detonation transmission, leading to residual explosive charge. By using detonating cord 8 as the initiator, which is tied to the explosive cartridges, all cartridges within the borehole are in contact with detonating cord 8, resulting in a full-bore linear initiation. The explosive transmission process is unaffected by the continuity of the charge or the tightness of contact between cartridges. Therefore, using detonating cord 8 as the initiator can reduce the probability of residual explosive charge.

[0028] In general, the 5th filling section is required for open-pit blasting. The purpose of the 5th filling section is to prevent flying rocks from the blast hole and cause accidents. The material for the 5th filling section should be fine rock powder, and crushed stone or rocks should not be used.

[0029] Furthermore, the counterweight 7 is made of steel balls, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the borehole, and the top of the steel ball is welded with an ear loop. The steel ball is designed to use its own weight to pull the explosive and detonating cord 8 bundled together and sink to the bottom of the hole. The diameter of the steel ball used should be smaller than the diameter of the borehole. The mining project can use waste steel balls from the ball mill of the ore dressing plant. Before use, an ear loop needs to be welded to the surface of the steel ball to facilitate the binding of the longitudinal guide cord 6. This facilitates the repeated use of resources in the production process.

[0030] Furthermore, waterproof tape can be glued to the outside of the gaps between several rolls of emulsion explosive 3; this design can prevent water in the borehole from seeping into the detonating cord 8, thereby affecting the detonation effect.

[0031] Furthermore, the transverse fixing cable 9 adopts a self-locking cable tie; the transverse fixing cable 9 is designed to bind and fix the emulsion explosive cartridge 3 and the detonating cord 8 to the longitudinal guide cable 6. In order to improve construction efficiency, the material can be a self-locking cable tie. The binding force of the cable tie should be moderate so that the cartridge does not slip longitudinally and does not break the cartridge and cause emulsion deterioration. Example 2

[0032] Based on the above embodiments, the inventors have applied them in practice, and the specific applications are as follows:

[0033] 1. Prepare steel balls in advance. The diameter of the selected steel balls should be smaller than the diameter of the borehole. Before use, weld an ear loop onto the steel ball to facilitate the binding and fixing of the longitudinal guide cable 6.

[0034] 2. Upon arrival at the work site, cut the longitudinal guide cable 6 and the detonating cord 8 to the required lengths. The length of the longitudinal guide cable 6 should be determined according to the hole depth and should be 1-2m greater than the hole depth. The exposed end of the cable at the hole opening is used for the final lifting of the charge bundle into the hole. The length of the detonating cord 8 should also be determined according to the hole depth and should be 0.5-1m greater than the hole depth. The exposed end of the cable at the hole opening is used to connect the detonating detonator.

[0035] 3. Move the steel ball to a position 0.5-1m from the orifice, and then tie the longitudinal guide cable 6 to the steel ball;

[0036] 4. Starting from the steel ball end, sequentially tie the explosive cartridges upwards along the longitudinal guide cable 6, and tie the detonating cord 8 together. The extension direction of the detonating cord 8 is the same as that of the longitudinal guide cable 6. The explosive cartridges should be in contact with each other without gaps. Stop tying when the total longitudinal length of the explosive cartridges equals the charge height. The charge height is the borehole depth minus the filling length. The calculation method for the number of explosive cartridges tied is: Number of explosive cartridges tied = Borehole charge height ÷ Length of a single explosive cartridge;

[0037] 5. Slowly place the bundled steel ball, explosive cartridge, and detonating cord 8 into the hole with the steel ball facing down. Because the bundle is heavy, this process should be carried out by 2 to 3 people. After the bundle reaches the predetermined position in the hole, fix the longitudinal guide cable 6 at the hole opening. During this process, care should be taken to avoid the end of the detonating cord 8 falling into the hole.

[0038] 6. Remeasure the filling length of the borehole, fill the borehole opening section, connect the detonator to the 8-hole opening end of the detonating cord, and complete the single-hole charging.

[0039] Its working principle is as follows:

[0040] 1. To address various problems caused by buoyancy during the loading of emulsion explosive cartridges 3 in open-pit water-bearing blasting, the inventors utilized the large mass of steel balls to longitudinally bind the steel balls, explosive cartridges, and detonating cord 8. The steel balls then pulled the explosive into the water-bearing borehole 1, overcoming the buoyancy effect of the explosive loading in the borehole 1. The key to this part is:

[0041] (1) Use steel balls to increase the mass of the bundled explosive cartridges and detonating cord 8 to overcome the buoyancy of water;

[0042] (2) The relative position of the steel ball and the bundle of explosive cartridges and detonating cord 8 is such that the steel ball is located at the bottom of the bundle and is used to guide the bundle into the borehole by pulling.

[0043] 2. To overcome the instability of detonation transmission and the problem of residual explosives caused by traditional detonation methods in water-bearing boreholes, the inventors adopted a detonating cord (8) to initiate the explosives inside the detonation hole. The key to this part is:

[0044] (1) Detonating cord 8 is used as the explosive initiation device for blasting water-bearing borehole 1;

[0045] (2) The arrangement of the detonating cord 8 is such that when the explosive cartridge is tied longitudinally along the charging guide cord, the detonating cord 8 is also tied to the explosive cartridge for use as an explosive detonator;

[0046] 3. The inventor uses a transverse fixing cable 9 to bind the explosive cartridge and detonating cord 8 together with the longitudinal guide cable 6 to form a bundle. The key point of this part is:

[0047] (1) The explosive cartridges are bound together with the transverse fixing cable 9 and the longitudinal guide cable 6 to form explosive cartridges and the detonating cord 8 to form a binding bundle;

[0048] (2) Self-locking cable ties are used as the material for horizontal fixing cables to improve construction efficiency.

[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0050] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An auxiliary charging structure for an open-pit water-bearing borehole, comprising a water-bearing borehole (1) and an auxiliary charging mechanism, wherein the auxiliary charging mechanism is provided in the water-bearing borehole (1), characterized in that: The auxiliary charging mechanism also includes a longitudinal guide cable (6), a counterweight (7), an emulsion explosive cartridge (3), a detonating cord (8), a transverse fixing cable (9), and a filling section (5). The bottom end of the longitudinal guide cable (6) is connected to the counterweight (7), and the counterweight (7) is located at the bottom of the water-bearing borehole (1). The top end of the longitudinal guide cable (6) extends to the outside of the water-bearing borehole (1). Several rolls of emulsion explosive cartridges (3) are wrapped from bottom to top on the longitudinal guide cable (6) above the counterweight (7) by the transverse fixing cable (9). The several rolls of emulsion explosive cartridges also contain the same detonating cord (8), and the top end of the detonating cord (8) extends to the outside of the water-bearing borehole (1) together with the longitudinal guide cable (6). The filling section (5) is located at the top of the water-bearing borehole (1).

2. The auxiliary charging structure for an open-pit water-bearing blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight (7) is made of steel ball, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the borehole, and the top of the steel ball is welded with an ear loop.

3. The auxiliary charging structure for an open-pit water-bearing blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: Waterproof tape can be glued to the outside of the gaps between the several rolls of emulsion explosive (3).

4. The auxiliary charging structure for an open-pit water-bearing blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal fixing cable (9) is a self-locking cable tie.

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