A high temperature reformer and syngas production system

Abstract

The application provides a high-temperature conversion furnace and a synthesis gas preparation system. The high-temperature conversion furnace comprises a reaction chamber and a cooling chamber. The reaction chamber is connected with an outlet end of a fluidized bed gasifier. The cooling chamber is arranged below the reaction chamber and is connected with the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is used for converting non-effective gas in crude synthesis gas into effective gas and liquid slag. The cooling chamber is used for cooling the effective gas and condensing the liquid slag into solid slag and discharging the solid slag. At least two gas supplement openings are arranged on a furnace wall of the reaction chamber and are connected with the reaction chamber. The gas supplement openings are used for supplementing combustion-supporting gas to the reaction chamber. The combustion-supporting gas can further strengthen combustion in the reaction chamber, improve the temperature in the furnace and improve the reaction efficiency of the oxidation reaction of the crude synthesis gas. The gas supplement openings are arranged at intervals on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber, which can avoid the situation that the amount of locally supplemented gas is too large, improve the consistency of the temperature in the furnace and further improve the reaction efficiency, so that the high-temperature conversion furnace can meet the preparation demand of high-yield synthesis gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of syngas preparation technology, and in particular to a high-temperature converter and syngas preparation system. Background Technology

[0002] Carbonaceous raw materials such as biomass and coal are composed of fixed carbon, volatile matter, ash, and moisture. They are important basic energy raw materials. They can be gasified to produce crude syngas, which can then be used to produce downstream products such as methanol and ammonia.

[0003] In the existing technology, the technology of using high-temperature converters to improve the energy conversion efficiency of crude syngas has been gradually introduced. However, the reaction efficiency of current high-temperature converters still cannot meet the needs of high-yield syngas production. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a high-temperature converter and a syngas preparation system to at least solve the problem that the reaction efficiency of current high-temperature converters is low and cannot meet the demand for high-yield syngas preparation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is implemented as follows:

[0006] This application provides a high-temperature conversion furnace, including a reaction chamber and a cooling chamber; the cooling chamber is located below the reaction chamber and is connected to the reaction chamber; the reaction chamber is used to convert non-effective gas in crude syngas into effective gas and liquid slag, and the cooling chamber is used to cool the effective gas and condense the liquid slag into solid slag and discharge it; the furnace wall of the reaction chamber is provided with at least two gas supply ports, which are connected to the reaction chamber and are used to supply combustion-supporting gas to the reaction chamber; at least two gas supply ports are spaced apart on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber.

[0007] Optionally, at least two of the gas supply ports are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the reaction chamber furnace wall, and / or at least two of the gas supply ports are spaced apart along the axial direction of the reaction chamber furnace wall.

[0008] Optionally, each of the gas inlets forms an air intake channel, and at least a portion of the extension line of the air intake channel intersects the central axis of the reaction chamber.

[0009] Optionally, the air inlet forms an air intake channel, and at least a portion of the extension line of the air intake channel intersects the central axis of the reaction chamber, with the angle between the extension line and the central axis being θ, where 30°≤θ≤90°;

[0010] And / or, at least part of the extension of the intake passage is projected onto the central axis of the reaction chamber parallel to it, with an angle θ between the projection of the extension line and the central axis of the reaction chamber, where 30°≤θ≤90°.

[0011] Optionally, the gas inlet forms an air intake channel, and at least a portion of the extension line of the air intake channel does not intersect the central axis of the reaction chamber; the gas entering through all the air intake channels forms a circulation within the reaction chamber, and the circulation formed by all the air intake channels flows in the same direction.

[0012] Optionally, on the radial cross-section of the high-temperature converter, the air inlet channel intersects with the furnace wall of the reaction chamber, and the angle between the tangent of the furnace wall of the reaction chamber at the intersection and the extension line of the corresponding outer wall of the air inlet channel on the radial cross-section is α, where 10°≤α<90°.

[0013] Optionally, the extension line of each of the air intake channels is perpendicular to the central axis of the reaction chamber.

[0014] Optionally, the reaction chamber is provided with a flow guide on the side near the cooling chamber, and the flow guide contracts toward the center of the reaction chamber, through which the liquid slag flows into the cooling chamber.

[0015] This application also provides a syngas preparation system, including a fluidized bed gasifier and a high-temperature conversion furnace as described in any of the preceding claims, wherein the outlet end of the fluidized bed gasifier is connected to the reaction chamber.

[0016] Optionally, the syngas preparation system further includes a separator; the inlet end of the separator is connected to the outlet end of the fluidized bed gasifier; the separator includes two outlet ends, one of which is connected to the inlet end of the fluidized bed gasifier, and the other outlet end is connected to the reaction chamber.

[0017] Optionally, the syngas preparation system further includes a gas pipe; the outlet end of the separator is connected to the reaction chamber through the gas pipe, wherein the diameter of the gas pipe on the side closer to the reaction chamber is smaller than the diameter of the gas pipe on the side closer to the separator.

[0018] Optionally, the trachea has a diameter reduction section at at least one location along its extension direction, where the diameter of the trachea is reduced.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the high-temperature conversion furnace and syngas preparation system described in this application have the following advantages:

[0020] The high-temperature converter of this application, under the high temperature of the reaction chamber, can effectively decompose impurities such as methane, tar, benzene, and naphthalene, as well as some fly ash, in the crude syngas, converting non-effective gas into effective gas and liquid slag. Simultaneously, under the cooling effect of the high-temperature converter's cooling chamber, the effective gas can be cooled and output, and the liquid slag can be condensed into solid slag and discharged. This effectively increases the proportion of effective gas and improves energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the furnace wall of the reaction chamber is equipped with at least two gas supply ports for supplying combustion-supporting gas to the reaction chamber. This combustion-supporting gas further enhances combustion within the reaction chamber, increases the furnace temperature, and thus improves the reaction efficiency of the crude syngas oxidation reaction. The spaced arrangement of the gas supply ports on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber avoids excessive local gas supply and helps improve the uniformity of the furnace temperature, thereby increasing reaction efficiency and enabling the high-temperature converter to meet the requirements for high-yield syngas production. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a syngas preparation system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 2 This is one of the layout diagrams of the gas supply port on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application in which the extension line of the air intake channel intersects and is perpendicular to the central axis of the reaction chamber.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application in which the extension line of the air intake channel intersects with but is not perpendicular to the central axis of the reaction chamber.

[0026] Figure 5 This is the second diagram showing the layout of the gas supply port on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber in one of the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 This is the third diagram showing the layout of the gas supply port on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber in one of the embodiments of this application.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 10-Fluidized bed gasifier, 20-High temperature conversion furnace, 201-Reaction chamber, 202-Cooling chamber, 30-Separator, 31-Inlet end, 32a, 32b-Outlet end, 40-Dust removal device, 50-Water washing tower;

[0030] 21-Inlet, 22-Radiation cooling chamber, 23-Quick cooling chamber, 231-Air outlet, 232-Slag outlet, 233-Quick cooling liquid, 24-Cooling pipe, 241-Liquid inlet, 242-Liquid outlet, 25-Gas pipe, 251-Reducing diameter section, 26-Maintenance air inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0033] The terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof used in the specification and claims of this application are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0034] The following detailed description of a high-temperature converter and syngas preparation system provided in this application is illustrated with specific embodiments.

[0035] Reference Figure 1This application provides a high-temperature converter 20, which includes a reaction chamber 201 and a cooling chamber 202. The reaction chamber 201 is connected to the outlet end of a fluidized bed gasifier 10, and the cooling chamber 202 is located below the reaction chamber 201 and is connected to it. The fluidized bed gasifier 10 is used to produce crude syngas. The reaction chamber 201 is used to convert non-effective gases in the crude syngas into effective gases and liquid slag. The cooling chamber 202 is used to cool the effective gases and condense the liquid slag into solid slag and discharge it. At least two gas inlets 26 are provided on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201, and the gas inlets 26 are connected to the inside of the reaction chamber 201.

[0036] 26 is used to supply combustion-supporting gas to the reaction chamber 201; at least two gas supply ports 26 are spaced apart on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201.

[0037] Specifically, the temperature in the reaction chamber 201 of the high-temperature converter 20 is at least greater than 1200℃. The main oxidation reaction of crude syngas takes place in the reaction chamber 201. Crude syngas includes effective gas and ineffective gas. Among them, the products in crude syngas other than effective gas are all ineffective gas. Ineffective gas includes impurities such as methane, tar, benzene, and naphthalene, as well as some fly ash in crude syngas. The main components of fly ash are solid impurities such as silicon, aluminum, iron, and calcium. Its essence is also some ash components inherent in biomass raw materials, and its particle size is relatively fine.

[0038] After the crude syngas enters the reaction chamber 201 and reacts, impurities such as methane, tar, benzene, and naphthalene, which are not effective gases, are converted into effective gases, mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen, under high temperature and oxidation. Fly ash, which is also not effective gas, melts into liquid slag under the high temperature of the reaction chamber 201. A cooling chamber 202 is located below the reaction chamber 201, with "below" referring to the direction of gravity; that is, the cooling chamber 202 is located below the direction of gravity of the reaction chamber 201. The cooling chamber 202 is connected to the reaction chamber 201. The effective gas and liquid slag generated in the reaction chamber 201 enter the cooling chamber 202. Specifically, the liquid slag gradually forms a slag film on the wall of the reaction chamber 201. As more liquid slag is generated, subsequent liquid slag drips from the slag film into the cooling chamber 202. The cooling chamber 202 is used to cool the effective gas and condense the liquid slag into solid slag for discharge.

[0039] At least two gas inlets 26 are provided on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201. These inlets 26 penetrate the furnace wall along its thickness, connecting the interior of the reaction chamber 201 to the outside environment. The gas inlets 26 supply combustion-supporting gases to the reaction chamber 201, including pure oxygen and air with a high oxygen content. The combustion-supporting gases entering the reaction chamber 201 enhance combustion, increase the furnace temperature, and thus improve the reaction efficiency of the oxidation reaction of the crude syngas. The gas inlets 26 can be in the form of nozzles, etc., and their form can be flexibly set according to actual needs. The at least two gas inlets 26 are spaced apart on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201. This helps to improve the uniformity of the combustion-supporting gas supply, mitigate the problem of excessive local gas supply, further improve the uniformity of the furnace temperature, increase reaction efficiency, and enable the high-temperature converter 20 to meet the requirements for high-yield syngas production.

[0040] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent air supply ports 26 can be set to be the same, thereby

[0041] To achieve uniform placement of two or more gas inlets 26 on the furnace wall of reaction chamber 201, thereby improving the consistency of furnace temperature to a greater extent.

[0042] Optionally, refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, at least two gas supply ports 26 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201, and / or, at least two gas supply ports 26 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201.

[0043] Specifically, the number of gas supply ports 26 can be two, three, or more. At least two gas supply ports 26 can be spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the reaction chamber 201 furnace wall. The distance between adjacent gas supply ports 26 along the circumferential direction of the reaction chamber 201 furnace wall can be the same or different. At least two gas supply ports 26 can also be spaced apart along the axial direction of the reaction chamber 201 furnace wall. The distance between adjacent gas supply ports 26 along the axial direction of the reaction chamber 201 can be the same or different. In practical applications, the positions of the gas supply ports 26 can be flexibly set, and this embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0044] When there are a large number of gas inlets 26, multiple gas inlets 26 can be arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the reaction chamber 201 furnace wall and at intervals along the axial direction of the reaction chamber 201 furnace wall. The gas inlets 26 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the reaction chamber 201 furnace wall can be located at the same axial height or at different axial heights. The gas inlets 26 arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the reaction chamber 201 furnace wall can be located on the same straight line or staggered from each other. They can be flexibly set in practical applications. Figure 1In the schematic diagram of the syngas preparation system shown, multiple gas inlets 26 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the reaction chamber 201 to form a three-layer structure, with each layer including at least two gas inlets 26.

[0045] The air inlet forms an air intake channel, and at least part of the extension line of the air intake channel intersects the central axis of the reaction chamber. The angle between the extension line and the central axis is θ, where 30°≤θ≤90°.

[0046] And / or, at least part of the extension of the intake passage is projected onto the central axis of the reaction chamber parallel to it, with an angle θ between the projection of the extension line and the central axis of the reaction chamber, where 30°≤θ≤90°.

[0047] The central axis plane here should be understood as an axial tangent plane passing through the central axis. The above technical solution includes three cases. The first case is that at least part of the extension line of the air intake channel intersects the central axis of the reaction chamber, such as... Figure 2 This illustration shows one of the layout diagrams of the gas supply port 26 on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201 according to an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, each gas inlet 26 forms an air intake channel, and the extension line of each air intake channel intersects the central axis of the reaction chamber 201. Specifically, each gas inlet...

[0048] Inlet 26 forms an air intake channel. Figure 2 The diagram shows four air inlets 26, which form four air intake channels. One of the air inlets 26 forms an air intake channel as shown in the diagram. Figure 2 As shown in L2, the central axis of reaction chamber 201 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in L1, it should be noted that... Figure 2 This is a top view of the reaction chamber 201. For ease of explanation, the central axis L1 of the reaction chamber 201 is represented by a point. The extension line of each air intake channel intersects the central axis of the reaction chamber 201, as shown below. Figure 2 In the middle, L2 intersects with L1.

[0049] The second scenario is that the orthographic projection of at least part of the extension line of the intake channel onto the central axis plane of the reaction chamber, which is parallel to it, makes an angle θ with the central axis of the reaction chamber. That is, it should be understood that the extension line of the intake channel does not pass through the central axis and does not intersect the central axis.

[0050] The third scenario is that the extension line of part of the air intake channel intersects the central axis, while the extension line of part of the air intake channel does not intersect the central axis.

[0051] like Figure 3-4The cross-section shown is the central axial plane. The angle θ between the orthographic projection of the extension line of the air intake channel onto the central axial plane of the reaction chamber and the central axis of the reaction chamber 201 is 30°≤θ≤90°. When θ is 90°, as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the combustion-supporting gas is vertically injected into the central axis region of the reaction chamber 201, allowing it to enter the chamber in a shorter time. This helps increase the gas supply rate and shorten the supply time, thus enabling a faster formation of a high-temperature central zone with the crude syngas, where combustion is more complete. In some embodiments, two or more gas supply ports 26 are arranged opposite each other, allowing the combustion-supporting gas to be injected into the reaction chamber 201 in a opposed manner. This enhances the mixing of the combustion-supporting gas with the crude syngas in the reaction chamber 201, thereby strengthening the oxidation reaction within the furnace and improving reaction efficiency. Alternatively, as... Figure 4 As shown, the extension line of each air inlet channel can also be non-perpendicular to the central axis of the reaction chamber 201. Typically, the reaction chamber is a cylindrical structure of uniform diameter, meaning the central axis of the reaction chamber is parallel to the axial direction of the furnace wall. Therefore, the above scheme can be further understood as the extension line of the air inlet channel being non-perpendicular to the outer wall of the reaction chamber 201. In this state, the combustion-supporting gas is injected obliquely into the reaction chamber 201 towards the air inlet side or away from the air inlet side. Preferably, the combustion-supporting gas is injected obliquely towards the air inlet side of the reaction chamber, pre-mixing with the crude syngas entering from the upper part of the reaction chamber to form a mixed gas flow, increasing the high-temperature contact time of the mixed gas. The angle θ between the extension line of the air inlet channel and the central axis of the reaction chamber 201 can be any angle between 30° and 90°, specifically 90°, i.e., perpendicular to the air inlet of the reaction chamber; or it can be close to perpendicular, i.e., the angle can be any angle between 30° and 90°.

[0052] 78°, 80°, 83°, 84°, 85°, 86°, 87°, 88°, and 89° are all possible settings that achieve the aforementioned vertical air intake effect while also expanding the process window and reducing the accuracy of the air intake channel setting. Alternatively, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, and 75° can be selected to achieve the same effect as inclined air intake, which will not be elaborated further here. In practical applications, the orientation of the air intake channel formed by the air inlet 26 can be flexibly set according to the location of the air inlet 26 and the reaction area within the reaction chamber 201; this embodiment of the application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0053] Optionally, Figure 5 This is shown as a second diagram illustrating the arrangement of the gas supply port 26 on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201 according to an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments of this application, each gas inlet 26 forms an air intake channel, and the extension line of each air intake channel does not intersect with the central axis of the reaction chamber 201; the gas entering through all air intake channels forms a circulation within the reaction chamber 201, and the circulation formed by all air intake channels flows in the same direction.

[0054] Specifically, each air inlet 26 forms an air intake channel. Figure 5 The diagram shows five air inlets 26, which form five air intake channels. One of the air inlets 26 forms an air intake channel as shown in the diagram. Figure 5 As shown in L2, the other air inlet 26 forms an intake channel as follows: Figure 5 As shown in L2', the central axis of reaction chamber 201 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown in L1, with Figure 2 similar, Figure 5 This is also a top view of the reaction chamber 201. For ease of explanation, the central axis L1 of the reaction chamber 201 is represented by a point. The extension line of each air intake channel does not intersect with the central axis of the reaction chamber 201, such as... Figure 5 In the equation, L2 and L2' do not intersect with L1.

[0055] Similarly, when the extension line of each air intake channel does not intersect with the central axis of the reaction chamber 201, the extension line of each air intake channel and the central axis of the reaction chamber 201 can be perpendicular to each other, so that the combustion-supporting gas is injected vertically into the reaction chamber 201, allowing the combustion-supporting gas to be injected into the reaction chamber 201 in a shorter time, which helps to improve the replenishment rate of the combustion-supporting gas and shorten the replenishment time of the combustion-supporting gas; the extension line of each air intake channel and the central axis of the reaction chamber 201 can also be non-perpendicular to each other, so that the combustion-supporting gas is injected into the reaction chamber 201 at an angle toward the upper or lower part of the reaction chamber 201. The principle is similar to that of the aforementioned embodiment, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0056] The gas entering through two or more intake channels forms a circulation within the reaction chamber 201, and the circulation formed by the two or more intake channels flows in the same direction. Figure 5 Gas enters the reaction chamber 201 through multiple inlet channels, and the gas flow direction is shown by the arrows at the ends of the inlet channels. Geometrically, the reaction chamber 201 has...

[0057] Multiple inlet channels have diameters passing through their central axis L1. The extension of each inlet channel intersects the furnace wall of reaction chamber 201 at a point, with each intersection corresponding to a diameter of reaction chamber 201. Inside reaction chamber 201, the extensions of multiple inlet channels are all located on the same side of their corresponding diameters, such as... Figure 5The central intake channel L2 is located to the left of its corresponding diameter D1, and the intake channel L2' is located to the left of its corresponding diameter D1'. Thus, after the gas enters the reaction chamber 201 through the intake channels L2 and L2', it forms a clockwise circulation. This allows the combustion-supporting gas entering the reaction chamber 201 from the gas inlet 26 to form a circulation with the crude syngas in the reaction chamber 201, helping to prolong the residence time of the crude syngas in the reaction chamber 201. This allows impurities such as methane, tar, benzene, and naphthalene to be fully converted into effective gases mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, improving energy conversion efficiency. It also helps to mitigate the erosion and corrosion of the furnace wall by the reaction gases, thereby extending the service life of the high-temperature converter 20.

[0058] Furthermore, each of the gas inlets forms an air intake channel, and at least a portion of the extension line of the air intake channel does not intersect the central axis of the reaction chamber. The outer wall of the air intake channel intersects the furnace wall of the reaction chamber, and the angle between the tangent at the intersection and the corresponding outer wall of the air intake channel is α, where 10° ≤ α < 90°. Specifically, the angle can be selected as 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 85°, or 88°. Figure 6 This is shown as the third diagram illustrating the arrangement of the gas supply port 26 on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201 according to an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 6 As shown, the outer wall of the air intake channel is as follows Figure 6 As shown in L4, the outer wall of the air intake channel intersects with the furnace wall of the reaction chamber. The angle α between the tangent L3 at this intersection and the corresponding outer wall of the air intake channel is an acute angle. That is, an acute angle is formed between L3 and L4. It can be understood that since multiple air intake channels are set, multiple acute angles will be formed between the multiple air intake channels and their respective tangents. The size of each acute angle can be the same or different. Figure 6 The diagram shows five air intake channels spaced apart along the circumference of the reaction chamber 201, forming five acute angles.

[0059] Furthermore, if multiple gas inlets 26 are located at the same axial height on the furnace wall of reaction chamber 201, the resulting circulation will also be located at the same axial height within reaction chamber 201. If multiple gas inlets 26 are located at different axial heights on the furnace wall of reaction chamber 201, the resulting circulation will be arranged in a spiral pattern within reaction chamber 201. Additionally, to facilitate verification that the gas entering through the inlet channel forms a circulation within reaction chamber 201, colored gas, such as smoke, can be injected into reaction chamber 201 through the inlet channel. By observing the flow trajectory of the colored gas within reaction chamber 201, it can be verified whether a circulation is formed within reaction chamber 201.

[0060] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, two or more gas supply ports 26 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201, or two or more gas supply ports 26 are uniformly arranged in the axial direction of the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201, or, when there are a large number of gas supply ports 26, the multiple gas supply ports 26 are uniformly arranged in both the circumferential direction and the axial direction on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber 201. Such arrangement helps to achieve a uniform distribution of the combustion-supporting gas in the reaction chamber 201, thereby improving the uniformity of the reaction between the combustion-supporting gas and the crude syngas in the reaction chamber 201 and improving the reaction effect.

[0061] It is worth noting that some of the air intake channels may have their extension lines intersecting with the central axis of the reaction chamber 201, while the extension lines of the remaining air intake channels may not intersect with the central axis of the reaction chamber 201. This arrangement can take into account the advantages of the two methods mentioned above, and the specific beneficial effects will not be elaborated here.

[0062] Optionally, refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the reaction chamber 201 is provided with a flow guide 21 on the side near the cooling chamber 202. The flow guide 21 contracts toward the center of the reaction chamber 201, and the liquid slag flows into the cooling chamber 202 through the flow guide 21.

[0063] Specifically, the center of reaction chamber 201 can be understood as the central axis of reaction chamber 201, that is, the constriction extension of the flow guide 21 towards the central axis of reaction chamber 201 forms a narrow opening. The flow guide 21 is located at the inlet of cooling chamber 202, and the liquid slag flows into cooling chamber 202 through the narrow opening formed by the flow guide 21. Since the temperature at the inlet of cooling chamber 202 is lower, the liquid slag may solidify. Therefore, the flow guide 21 is provided to guide the liquid slag and improve the phenomenon of blockage at the inlet of cooling chamber 202 caused by solidification of liquid slag due to temperature drop. Optionally, refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the drainage section 21 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the reaction chamber 201. The drainage section 21 can be arranged in a ring-shaped structure along the circumferential direction of the reaction chamber 201, or it can be spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the reaction chamber 201. The center of the drainage section 21 forms a constriction, which helps the liquid slag from all parts of the reaction chamber 201 wall to flow smoothly into the cooling chamber 202. Alternatively, in some embodiments of this application, the drainage section 21 is arranged at an angle towards the cooling chamber 202, which further facilitates the smooth dripping of the liquid slag. Or, in some embodiments of this application, the drainage section 21 is simultaneously arranged along the circumferential direction of the reaction chamber 201 and at an angle towards the cooling chamber 202 to achieve a better drainage effect.

[0064] Optionally, refer to Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the cooling chamber 202 includes a radiation cooling chamber 22 and a quench chamber 23; the inlet end of the radiation cooling chamber 22 is connected to the reaction chamber 201, and the outlet end of the radiation cooling chamber 22 is connected to the quench chamber 23; the radiation cooling chamber 22 is used to radiate cool the effective gas and condense the liquid slag into solid slag; the quench chamber 23 is provided with an outlet 231 and a slag outlet 232, the outlet 231 is used to discharge the effective gas after radiation cooling, and the slag outlet 232 is used to discharge the solid slag.

[0065] Specifically, the inlet of the radiant cooling chamber 22 is located at the top and is connected to the reaction chamber 201, while the outlet of the radiant cooling chamber 22 is located at the bottom and is connected to the quench chamber 23. In this embodiment, "top" and "bottom" are relative to the direction of gravity. Since the internal temperature of the reaction chamber 201 is typically greater than 1200°C, the effective gas exiting the reaction chamber 201 is high-temperature effective gas. This high-temperature effective gas enters the radiant cooling chamber 22 for radiant cooling, and the temperature of the effective gas after radiant cooling can be reduced to approximately 700°C to 800°C. The radiant-cooled effective gas continues to enter the quench chamber 23, which contains quench liquid 233. The effective gas and quench liquid 233 are in full contact, achieving further cooling through heat exchange. The quench liquid 233 is usually low-pressure ash water from quench water, which may contain impurities such as sulfides and chloride ions. The quench liquid 233 has a low temperature to ensure that the effective gas can be quickly cooled to the temperature range required by subsequent processes. Under normal circumstances, the temperature of the effective gas after being cooled by the quench chamber 23 can be controlled between 200℃ and 300℃. The quench chamber 23 is equipped with an outlet 231. The effective gas enters the dust removal device 40 and the water washing tower 50 through the outlet 231 to complete the purification and obtain pure synthesis gas.

[0066] Meanwhile, the fly ash components in the non-effective gas melt into liquid slag under the high temperature of the reaction chamber 201, which continuously drips into the radiation cooling chamber 22. Under the radiation cooling effect of the radiation cooling chamber 22, the liquid slag is condensed into solid slag and falls into the quench liquid 233 in the quench chamber 23. The bottom of the quench chamber 23 is provided with a slag outlet 232, and the solid slag can be discharged from the quench chamber 23 along with part of the quench liquid 233. The quench liquid 233 in the quench chamber 23 can cool, wash, and humidify the effective gas, improve the heat recovery and utilization efficiency, and reduce the dust content in the effective gas and increase the water-to-gas ratio of the effective gas.

[0067] Optionally, refer to Figure 1 As shown in some embodiments of this application, a cooling pipe 24 is provided on the cavity wall of the cooling chamber 202 near the reaction chamber 201, and the cooling pipe 24 is arranged axially around the cooling chamber 202; the cooling pipe 24 has a circulating coolant, and the cooling pipe 24 defines a radiation cooling chamber 22.

[0068] Specifically, the cooling pipes 24 are axially arranged around the cooling chamber 202, forming a ring structure. The ring-shaped cooling pipes 24 enclose a radiant cooling chamber 22. Each cooling pipe 24 has an inlet 241 near the quench chamber 23 and an outlet 242 near the reaction chamber 201. Low-temperature coolant is injected into the cooling pipes 24 through the inlet 241, and high-temperature coolant, formed by absorbing heat from the effective gas, is discharged through the outlet 242, ensuring a circulating coolant flow within the cooling pipes 24. Inside the radiant cooling chamber 22, the high-temperature effective gas transfers heat to the coolant through radiation, forming high-pressure steam, which then flows to the quench chamber 23 for further cooling and output. In addition, since chlorine has a certain solubility in water, under the action of coolant and quench liquid 233, it can effectively remove the content of some high chlorine components (such as hydrogen chloride, alkali metal chlorides, etc.) in the effective gas, so as to improve the corrosion problem of high chlorine components on the wall of cooling chamber 202, thereby extending the service life of high temperature converter 20.

[0069] Optionally, refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the outlet end of the radiant cooling chamber 22 is partially immersed in the quench liquid 233, which ensures that the effective gas exiting the radiant cooling chamber 22 can quickly enter the quench liquid 233 for cooling and temperature reduction, thereby improving the cooling effect.

[0070] Reference Figure 1 This application also provides a syngas preparation system, which includes a fluidized bed gasifier 10 and a high-temperature conversion furnace 20 of any of the preceding embodiments. The outlet end of the fluidized bed gasifier 10 is connected to the reaction chamber 201.

[0071] Specifically, the fluidized bed gasifier 10 uses biomass (such as wood, straw, rice husks, leaves, agricultural waste, etc.) and coal as the main fuels. The fuel is added from the middle and lower part of the fluidized bed gasifier 10. The fuel reacts in the furnace and is converted into crude syngas as well as some incompletely decomposed organic matter and large particulate ash. The ash is discharged from the ash outlet at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier 10 in the form of solid slag. In addition to effective gases mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the converted crude syngas also contains a large amount of impurities such as methane, tar, benzene, and naphthalene. The high-temperature converter 20 is mainly used to convert and remove impurities such as methane, tar, benzene, and naphthalene to increase the proportion of effective gases in the crude syngas and reduce the number of purification steps.

[0072] It should be noted that the ash discharge from the fluidized bed gasifier 10 is solid ash discharge, mainly discharging the ash formed after the fuel reaction. The ash discharge from the reaction chamber 201 of the high-temperature converter 20 is liquid ash discharge, mainly discharging the liquid slag formed by the melting of fly ash in the crude syngas. Furthermore, the furnace temperature of a fluidized bed gasifier is typically below 950℃. Its technical principle requires the particles inside the furnace to be fluidized and move together in a gas-solid mixed state. If the furnace temperature is too high, the ash in the raw material will melt to form molten slag, causing problems with the reaction inside the furnace.

[0073] The methane content in the non-effective gas is related to the gas vaporization temperature. The higher the temperature in the reaction chamber 201 of the high-temperature converter 20, the lower the methane content after the reaction. Tar in the non-effective gas is usually removed by spraying and electrostatic precipitation. However, spraying and electrostatic precipitation are only applicable to atmospheric fluidized bed gasifiers 10 and are not suitable for some pressurized fluidized bed gasifiers 10. Moreover, spraying and electrostatic precipitation can usually only achieve coarse tar removal and cannot completely remove tar. The high-temperature converter 20 of this embodiment is applicable to both atmospheric fluidized bed gasifiers 10 and pressurized fluidized bed gasifiers 10. The higher the temperature in the reaction chamber 201, the lower the tar content, almost reaching a tar-free state. Benzene and naphthalene in the non-effective gas are usually removed by temperature-switching adsorption technology, but this technology has high operating costs. The high-temperature converter 20 used in this embodiment can significantly save the cost of removing impurities such as benzene and naphthalene.

[0074] The cooling chamber 202 in the high-temperature converter 20 can cool the effective gas. The cooled effective gas enters the dust removal device 40 and the water washing tower 50 to complete the purification and obtain pure synthesis gas. The liquid slag is condensed into solid slag in the cooling chamber 202 and discharged from the slag outlet 232 at the bottom of the cooling chamber 202.

[0075] The fluidized bed gasifier 10 utilizes airflow to "fluidize" solid fuel particles, suspending them within the furnace to form a fluidized bed. The gasified gas then comes into full contact with the fuel through the fluidized bed, enhancing the uniformity of the reaction and thermal efficiency. In this embodiment, the fluidized bed gasifier 10 can be an atmospheric pressure fluidized bed gasifier 10, suitable for low-calorific-value fuels, with lower costs, and suitable for small- to medium-scale gasification applications. Alternatively, the fluidized bed gasifier 10 can be a pressurized fluidized bed gasifier 10, which improves gasification efficiency through pressurization and is suitable for larger-scale gasification processes.

[0076] Therefore, the syngas preparation system of this embodiment, through the coupling of a fluidized bed gasifier 10 with a high-temperature converter 20, effectively decomposes impurities such as methane, tar, benzene, and naphthalene, as well as some fly ash, in the crude syngas produced by the fluidized bed gasifier 10 under the high temperature of the reaction chamber 201 in the high-temperature converter 20. This converts ineffective gas into effective gas and liquid slag. Simultaneously, under the cooling effect of the cooling chamber 202 of the high-temperature converter 20, the effective gas can be cooled and output, and the liquid slag can be condensed into solid slag and discharged. This effectively increases the proportion of effective gas and solves the problem of high methane and tar content in the crude syngas produced by current fluidized bed gasification technology, thereby helping to improve energy conversion efficiency. In addition, the coupling of the fluidized bed gasifier 10 and the high-temperature converter 20 also helps to reduce the purification process and simplify the process, thereby helping to control the cost of syngas preparation.

[0077] Furthermore, for some biomass feedstocks with high chlorine content, if a traditional full-quench process is used, rapid cooling can easily cause chlorides to condense directly into solid particles, which combine with fly ash in the crude syngas to form a sticky deposit layer, thereby accelerating corrosion and slagging on the furnace wall. However, the syngas preparation system of this application, through the partitioned design of the reaction chamber 201 and cooling chamber 202 in the high-temperature converter 20, can control the wall temperature inside the high-temperature converter 20 to approximately >700℃ (inner wall temperature of reaction chamber 201) or <400℃ (inner wall temperature of cooling chamber 202), avoiding the chlorine corrosion-sensitive temperature zone of 500℃~700℃, thus effectively improving the chlorine corrosion problem on the inner wall of the high-temperature converter 20. Simultaneously, the high-temperature converter 20 can recover the heat from the high-temperature syngas through radiative heat exchange in the cooling chamber 202 to generate high-temperature, high-pressure saturated steam. This saturated steam can be used in other processes of the energy and chemical system, thereby further improving the overall energy utilization rate of the system.

[0078] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the syngas preparation system further includes a separator 30. The inlet end 31 of the separator 30 is connected to the outlet end of the fluidized bed gasifier 10. The separator 30 includes two outlet ends, one outlet end 32a connected to the inlet end of the fluidized bed gasifier 10, and the other outlet end 32b connected to the reaction chamber 201 of the high-temperature conversion furnace 20. That is, the reaction chamber 201 is connected to the outlet end of the fluidized bed gasifier 10 through the separator 30. The separator 30 can separate large particulate solid residues formed by incompletely decomposed organic matter and send them back to the fluidized bed gasifier 10 for further reaction, thereby improving fuel conversion efficiency and increasing the synthesis ratio of effective gas.

[0079] In some embodiments, separator 30 is a cyclone separator, which uses the centrifugal force of the rotating airflow to separate solid particles from the airflow in the mixture. It features a simple structure, requiring no complex mechanical components. Cyclone separator 30 offers high separation efficiency, low operating and maintenance costs, wide applicability, and can effectively handle solid particles of different sizes and densities, thereby contributing to improved synthesis gas preparation quality and efficiency.

[0080] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the syngas preparation system further includes a gas pipe 25; the outlet end of the separator 30 is connected to the reaction chamber 201 through the gas pipe 25, wherein the diameter of the gas pipe 25 on the side closer to the reaction chamber 201 is smaller than the diameter of the gas pipe 25 on the side closer to the separator 30.

[0081] Specifically, one end of the gas pipe 25 is connected to the outlet end of the separator 30, and the other end of the gas pipe 25 is connected to the reaction chamber 201. The gas pipe 25 is used to transport the crude syngas separated by the separator 30 to the reaction chamber 201 for reaction. The gas pipe 25 can be made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or some composite materials, possessing good temperature resistance, pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance. Since the airflow velocity at the outlet end of the separator 30 is typically 15m / s to 30m / s, while the required airflow velocity at the inlet end of the reaction chamber 201 is typically 15m / s to 100m / s, in this embodiment, the diameter of the gas pipe 25 on the side near the reaction chamber 201 is smaller than the diameter on the side near the separator 30. With the crude syngas output remaining constant, the cross-sectional area of ​​the gas pipe 25 on the side near the reaction chamber 201 is smaller than the cross-sectional area on the side near the separator 30, thereby increasing the airflow velocity of the crude syngas to meet the airflow velocity requirements at the inlet end of the reaction chamber 201.

[0082] In some embodiments, the diameter of the tracheal tube 25 can be gradually reduced, ultimately resulting in the diameter of the tracheal tube 25 near the reaction chamber 201 being smaller than the diameter of the tracheal tube 25 near the separator 30. This helps to uniformly increase the airflow velocity within the tracheal tube 25, reducing the impact or damage caused by the airflow to the wall of the tracheal tube 25, thereby extending the service life of the tracheal tube 25. In other embodiments, the diameter of the tracheal tube 25 can be reduced at a certain point, ultimately resulting in the diameter of the tracheal tube 25 near the reaction chamber 201 being smaller than the diameter of the tracheal tube 25 near the separator 30. This allows for a rapid increase in the airflow velocity within the tracheal tube 25 in a short time, facilitating velocity monitoring.

[0083] For example, refer to Figure 1As shown, the tracheal tube 25 has at least one diameter-reducing section 251 along its extension direction. The diameter of the tracheal tube 25 decreases at the diameter-reducing section 251, thereby significantly increasing the airflow velocity of the crude syngas within the tracheal tube 25 at the diameter-reducing section 251. Furthermore, the diameter-reducing section 251 can be provided in one place or multiple places, as long as the airflow velocity at the inlet end of the reaction chamber 201 meets the requirements. This embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0084] It should be understood that the phrase "some embodiments" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "some embodiments" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A high-temperature conversion furnace, characterized in that, Includes a reaction chamber and a cooling chamber; The cooling chamber is located below the reaction chamber and is connected to the reaction chamber; The reaction chamber is used to convert non-effective gas in crude syngas into effective gas and liquid slag, and the cooling chamber is used to cool the effective gas and condense the liquid slag into solid slag and discharge it. The furnace wall of the reaction chamber is provided with at least two gas supply ports, which are connected to the reaction chamber and are used to supply combustion-supporting gas to the reaction chamber. At least two of the gas supply ports are spaced apart on the furnace wall of the reaction chamber.

2. The high-temperature conversion furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least two of the gas supply ports are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the reaction chamber furnace wall, and / or at least two of the gas supply ports are spaced apart along the axial direction of the reaction chamber furnace wall.

3. The high-temperature conversion furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet forms an air intake channel, and at least part of the extension line of the air intake channel intersects the central axis of the reaction chamber. The angle between the extension line and the central axis is θ, where 30°≤θ≤90°. And / or, at least part of the extension of the intake passage is projected onto the central axis of the reaction chamber parallel to it, with an angle θ between the projection of the extension line and the central axis of the reaction chamber, where 30°≤θ≤90°.

4. The high-temperature conversion furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas inlet forms an air intake channel. On the radial section of the high-temperature conversion furnace, the air intake channel intersects with the furnace wall of the reaction chamber. The angle between the tangent of the furnace wall of the reaction chamber at the intersection and the extension line of the corresponding outer wall of the air intake channel on the radial section is α, where 10°≤α<90°.

5. The high-temperature conversion furnace according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, At least part of the gas supply inlet is located at the same axial height as the furnace wall of the reaction chamber.

6. The high-temperature conversion furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction chamber is provided with a flow guide on the side near the cooling chamber. The flow guide contracts toward the center of the reaction chamber, and the liquid slag flows into the cooling chamber through the flow guide.

7. A syngas preparation system, characterized in that, It includes a fluidized bed gasifier and a high-temperature conversion furnace as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the outlet end of the fluidized bed gasifier is connected to the reaction chamber.

8. The syngas preparation system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a separator; The inlet end of the separator is connected to the outlet end of the fluidized bed gasifier; the separator includes two outlet ends, one of which is connected to the inlet end of the fluidized bed gasifier, and the other outlet end is connected to the reaction chamber.

9. The syngas preparation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes the trachea; The outlet end of the separator is connected to the reaction chamber through the gas pipe, wherein the diameter of the gas pipe on the side closer to the reaction chamber is smaller than the diameter of the gas pipe on the side closer to the separator.

10. The syngas preparation system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The trachea has a diameter reduction section at at least one point along its extension direction, where the diameter of the trachea is reduced.

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