Electrodes, batteries, and vehicles

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an electrode, a battery and a vehicle, the electrode comprising a plurality of composite wires and a plurality of current collectors, each of the composite wires being at least partially made of an active material, the current collectors comprising a plurality of current collector wires, the plurality of current collector wires being connected to each other and formed into a mesh structure, a gap between two adjacent current collector wires being used to accommodate a solid-state electrolyte, and at least one composite wire being arranged on each of the current collector wires. The current collectors formed into the mesh structure provide a larger surface area, thereby increasing the contact area between the current collectors and the active material and the solid-state electrolyte, and improving the energy density and the charge-discharge performance of the battery. Furthermore, the mesh structure of the current collectors can allow the expansion and contraction of the active material during the charge-discharge process, maintain the close contact between the active material and the current collectors, reduce the problem that the contact interface between the active material and the solid-state electrolyte deteriorates due to the expansion and contraction, and facilitate the smooth transmission of ions, thereby reducing the capacity attenuation caused by poor contact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more specifically, to an electrode, a battery, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] During the charging and discharging process, the expansion and contraction of the positive and negative electrode materials in existing solid-state batteries can lead to a deterioration in the interface between the active material and the solid electrolyte, which can result in the blockage of ion and electron pathways, leading to a decrease in effective capacity and thus affecting the performance of the battery. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an electrode, a battery, and a vehicle to at least partially solve the technical problems existing in the related art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of this disclosure provides an electrode comprising:

[0005] Multiple composite threads, each of which is at least partially made of an active substance;

[0006] The current collector includes multiple current collectors connected to each other to form a mesh structure, and the gap between two adjacent current collectors is used to accommodate solid electrolytes.

[0007] Each of the aforementioned collector lines is provided with at least one of the aforementioned composite lines.

[0008] Optionally, the composite line is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the collector line along its length.

[0009] Optionally, each of the collector lines is provided with a plurality of composite lines, one end of each composite line is connected to the collector line, and the other end of each composite line extends in a divergent manner in a direction away from the collector line.

[0010] Optionally, the current collector includes a plurality of mesh structures formed by the current collector lines, and the plurality of mesh structures are stacked and interconnected to form a three-dimensional structure.

[0011] Optionally, the current collector further includes a plurality of connecting wires, each of which is connected at both ends to two adjacent mesh structures.

[0012] Optionally, the current collector is formed in a cubic or cylindrical shape.

[0013] Optionally, the plurality of composite lines include a plurality of positive electrode composite lines and a plurality of negative electrode composite lines, and the plurality of current collectors include a plurality of positive electrode current collectors and a plurality of negative electrode current collectors. Each positive electrode current collector is provided with at least one positive electrode composite line, and each negative electrode current collector is provided with at least one negative electrode composite line.

[0014] Optionally, the positive electrode composite wire includes composite fibers and a positive electrode active material, wherein the positive electrode active material is electrostatically adsorbed onto the outer surface of the composite fibers.

[0015] Optionally, the negative electrode composite wire includes carbon fiber filaments and a negative electrode active material, wherein the negative electrode active material is deposited on the outer surface of the carbon fiber filaments.

[0016] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a battery including the electrodes described above.

[0017] Optionally, the current collector includes a plurality of mesh structures formed by the current collector lines, and the plurality of mesh structures are stacked and interconnected to form a three-dimensional structure;

[0018] A solid electrolyte is filled between two adjacent mesh structures.

[0019] A third aspect of this disclosure provides a vehicle including the electrodes described above or the battery described above.

[0020] Through the above technical solutions, on the one hand, the current collector formed into a mesh structure provides a larger surface area, thereby increasing the contact area between the current collector and the active material, and improving the energy density and charge / discharge performance of the battery; on the other hand, the mesh current collector can also increase the contact area with the solid electrolyte when in contact with it. During the charge and discharge process, the active material will undergo expansion and contraction, and the mesh structure of the current collector can allow these volume changes to occur while maintaining close contact between the active material and the current collector. This reduces the problem of the contact interface between the active material and the solid electrolyte deteriorating due to expansion and contraction, which is conducive to smooth ion transport, reduces internal resistance, and reduces capacity decay caused by poor contact.

[0021] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1This is a perspective view of an electrode provided in this disclosure, wherein a composite wire is wound around a current collector wire;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a battery disclosed herein;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view of a current collector provided in this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery provided in this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a top view of an electrode provided in this disclosure, wherein the current collector is formed as a mesh structure.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0029] 1-Electrode; 2-Solid electrolyte; 10-Composite wire; 11-Active material; 12-Positive electrode active material; 13-Negative electrode active material; 20-Current collector; 200-Current collector wire; 201-Connecting wire; 21-Positive electrode current collector wire; 22-Negative electrode current collector wire; 30-Mesh structure. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0031] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended inclusions, meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". Definitions of other terms will be given in the following description.

[0032] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," and "right" are used to indicate orientation or positional relationships only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or a specific orientation structure and operation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure. The terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of the corresponding structures.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this disclosure are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0034] Additionally, it should be noted that the terms used, such as "first" and "second," are used to distinguish one element from another and do not indicate sequence or importance. Furthermore, in the description referring to the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals in different drawings denote the same element.

[0035] In the description of this disclosure, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connect," "link," and "install" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] Refer to Figure 1 to Figure 5 As shown, the first aspect of this disclosure provides an electrode 1, including a plurality of composite wires 10 and a plurality of current collectors 20, each composite wire 10 being at least partially made of an active material 11, the current collectors 20 including a plurality of current collectors 200, the plurality of current collectors 200 being interconnected and forming a mesh structure 30, the gap between two adjacent current collectors 200 being used to accommodate a solid electrolyte 2, and each current collector 200 being provided with at least one composite wire 10.

[0037] Through the above technical solution, on the one hand, the current collector 20 formed as a mesh structure 30 provides a larger surface area, thereby increasing the contact area between the current collector 20 and the active material 11, and improving the energy density and charge / discharge performance of the battery; on the other hand, the mesh current collector 20 can also increase the contact area with the solid electrolyte 2 when it comes into contact with the solid electrolyte 2. During the charge and discharge process, the active material 11 will undergo expansion and contraction, and the current collector 20 of the mesh structure 30 can allow these volume changes to occur, while maintaining close contact between the active material 11 and the current collector 20, reducing the problem of the contact interface between the active material 11 and the solid electrolyte 2 deteriorating due to expansion and contraction, which is conducive to the smooth transport of ions, reduces internal resistance, and reduces capacity decay caused by poor contact.

[0038] In this disclosure, for the embodiment where the manifold line 200 and the composite line 10 correspond one-to-one, specifically, each manifold line 200 is provided with a composite line 10.

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, along the length of the current collector 200, the composite wire 10 is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the current collector 200. On the one hand, the spiral winding of the composite wire 10 around the outer periphery of the current collector 200 allows for closer contact between the composite wire 10 and the current collector 200, thereby increasing the contact area between them and helping to improve current collection efficiency and enhance battery performance. On the other hand, the spirally wound composite wire 10 structure also helps to achieve uniform current distribution on the surface of the current collector 200, reducing local overheating and electrochemical inhomogeneity, and providing more electron transport paths, reducing interface resistance, and thus improving charge transport efficiency.

[0040] In addition, the spirally wound composite wire 10 can increase the adhesion between the current collector wire 200 and the active material, and reduce peeling or detachment caused by volume changes during charging and discharging.

[0041] Alternatively, in other winding methods provided in this disclosure, the composite wire 10 can also be wound around the outer periphery of the collector wire 200 by means of braiding, interlacing, or other methods. In short, as long as the contact area between the collector wire 200 and the composite wire 10 can be increased, this disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0042] Of course, in the embodiment where the composite line 10 is disposed on the collector line 200, it can also be achieved by other means other than winding. For example, the composite line 10 can be directly attached to the outer surface of the collector line 200 (the axis of the composite line 10 is parallel to the axis of the collector line 200), or a groove structure can be provided on the collector line 200, and the composite line 10 can be at least partially embedded in the groove structure.

[0043] In another embodiment provided in this disclosure, each current collector 200 may be provided with a plurality of composite wires 10, one end of each composite wire 10 being connected to the current collector 200, and the other end of each composite wire 10 extending divergently in a direction away from the current collector 200. By providing a plurality of composite wires 10 on each current collector 200 and having the other ends of these composite wires 10 extend in a direction away from the current collector 200, the total surface area and radiation range of the electrode 1 can be significantly increased, thereby improving the contact area between the active material 11 and the current collector 20. Furthermore, the arrangement of multiple composite wires 10 can provide multiple electron transport paths, reducing the resistance to electron transport and improving the current transport efficiency.

[0044] Alternatively, in an embodiment where multiple composite wires 10 are provided on a single current collector 200, the multiple composite wires 10 can also be arranged around the circumference of the current collector 200 on the outer surface of the current collector 200, thereby forming multiple independent winding areas. This structure is more flexible and can adapt to the current requirements of different areas.

[0045] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the current collector 20 may include multiple mesh structures 30 formed by current collector lines 200. These mesh structures 30 are stacked and interconnected to form a three-dimensional structure. The three-dimensional mesh structure 30 significantly increases the specific surface area of ​​the current collector 20, resulting in a significantly larger contact area between the active material and the current collector 20. More active sites can promote the rapid transport of electrons and ions, reduce the battery's internal resistance, and effectively improve the battery's charge / discharge efficiency and power density, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the battery.

[0046] In addition, the multi-layered and interconnected mesh structure 30 also gives the current collector 20 higher mechanical strength and stability. For example, during the charging and discharging process of the battery, the active material will expand and contract. The current collector 20 with this three-dimensional structure can better withstand stress changes, prevent the current collector 20 from deforming or being damaged, thereby extending the service life of the battery.

[0047] It should be noted that for the current collector 20, which is formed into a three-dimensional structure, the requirements of different battery systems can be met by adjusting the parameters of the mesh structure 30 of the current collector 20 (such as the mesh size, the thickness of the current collector line 200, the number of mesh structures 30, etc.).

[0048] This disclosure does not limit the specific shape of the current collector 20; that is, the current collector 20 can be designed in any shape, and can be selected according to specific needs, for example, as... Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment provided in this disclosure, the current collector 20 can be formed in a cubic shape, such as a cuboid or cube, so as to match the shape of the final battery.

[0049] Furthermore, to achieve the connection between two adjacent mesh structures 30, in an exemplary embodiment provided in this disclosure, the current collector 20 may further include multiple connecting wires 201, with each connecting wire 201 having its two ends connected to two adjacent mesh structures 30 respectively. By providing multiple connecting wires 201 connecting two mesh structures 30, multiple mesh structures 30 can be connected into a whole, thereby further improving the shape stability of the current collector 20 and avoiding changes in the positional relationship between multiple mesh structures 30 due to volume changes of the positive and negative electrode materials during charging and discharging.

[0050] In order to further improve the balance of current collection and conduction among different mesh structures 30, in one embodiment provided in this disclosure, the multiple mesh structures 30 of the current collector 20 can be arranged at equal intervals along their stacking direction.

[0051] It should be noted that the material of the connecting wire 201 is the same as that of the current collector 200. In this way, while the connecting wire 201 serves to connect multiple adjacent mesh structures 30, it can also collect and conduct current.

[0052] In another embodiment provided in this disclosure, the current collector 20 used in a cylindrical battery may also be formed in a cylindrical shape.

[0053] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the multiple composite lines 10 may include multiple positive electrode composite lines and multiple negative electrode composite lines, and the multiple current collectors 200 include multiple positive electrode current collectors 21 and multiple negative electrode current collectors 22. Each positive electrode current collector 21 is provided with at least one positive electrode composite line, and each negative electrode current collector 22 is provided with at least one negative electrode composite line. That is, each positive electrode current collector 21 is provided with a corresponding positive electrode composite line, and each negative electrode current collector 22 is provided with a corresponding negative electrode composite line. This increases the contact area between the positive electrode current collector 21 and the positive electrode active material 12 in the positive electrode composite line, and the contact area between the negative electrode current collector 22 and the negative electrode active material 13 in the negative electrode composite line. During charging and discharging, this facilitates smooth ion transport, reduces internal resistance, and improves the energy density and charge / discharge performance of the battery.

[0054] This disclosure does not limit the material of the positive current collector 21. In one embodiment provided by this disclosure, the positive current collector 21 can be made of metal materials such as aluminum, titanium, and nickel. Alternatively, in other embodiments provided by this disclosure, the positive current collector 21 can also be made of carbon-based composite materials, conductive polymer composite materials, etc.

[0055] Similarly, this disclosure does not limit the material of the negative electrode current collector 22. In one embodiment provided by this disclosure, the positive electrode current collector 21 can be made of metal materials such as copper, lithium, and silver. Alternatively, in other embodiments provided by this disclosure, the positive electrode current collector 21 can also be made of composite materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, or carbon fiber reinforced plastics.

[0056] This disclosure does not limit how the above-mentioned positive electrode composite wire is formed. For example, in one embodiment provided by this disclosure, the above-mentioned positive electrode composite wire can be formed by electrospinning. Specifically, the positive electrode composite wire may include composite fiber filaments and positive electrode active material 12, with the positive electrode active material 12 electrostatically adsorbed on the outer surface of the composite fiber filaments. That is, by adsorbing the positive electrode active material 12 on the outer surface of the composite fiber filaments, a linear positive electrode composite wire is formed, which facilitates the connection and cooperation between the positive electrode composite wire and the positive electrode current collector 21.

[0057] To facilitate understanding of the above scheme, the principle of electrospinning is that a polymer solution or melt forms a Taylor cone at the spinneret (usually a capillary) under the action of a high-voltage electric field. When the electric field force overcomes the surface tension of the solution, a charged polymer jet is ejected from the tip of the Taylor cone. As the jet travels in the electric field, the solvent gradually evaporates (for solution spinning), while the jet undergoes unstable oscillation and stretching, ultimately forming fibers with diameters ranging from nanometers to micrometers on the receiving device.

[0058] Alternatively, in another embodiment provided in this disclosure, carbon nanotubes are added during the preparation of the positive electrode composite wire, and the positive electrode active material particles are adsorbed on the surface of the carbon nanotubes to form a microscopic short linear structure.

[0059] In an embodiment where each collector 200 is provided with multiple positive electrode composite lines, the positive electrode composite lines here can be the short linear structures described above.

[0060] In one embodiment provided in this disclosure, the positive electrode active material 12 mentioned above can be lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM).

[0061] Similarly, this disclosure does not limit the formation method of the above-mentioned negative electrode composite line. For example, in one embodiment provided by this disclosure, the negative electrode active material 13 can be formed into the above-mentioned negative electrode composite line by deposition.

[0062] In one exemplary embodiment provided in this disclosure, the negative electrode composite wire may include carbon fiber filaments and negative electrode active material 13, with the negative electrode active material 13 deposited on the outer surface of the carbon fiber filaments.

[0063] In one embodiment provided in this disclosure, the negative electrode active material 13 mentioned above may include, but is not limited to, one of Si, silicon-carbon (such as carbon-based nano-silicon), and lithium metal.

[0064] In the embodiment where the negative electrode active material 13 is deposited on the outer surface of the carbon fiber filament, the negative electrode active material 13 here can be carbon-based nano-silicon.

[0065] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, a second aspect of this disclosure provides a battery including the electrode 1 described above. This battery possesses all the beneficial effects of the electrode 1 described above, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0066] The current collector 20 may include multiple mesh structures 30 formed by current collector lines 200. The multiple mesh structures 30 are stacked and interconnected to form a three-dimensional structure, and a solid electrolyte 2 is filled between two adjacent mesh structures 30. In this way, the solid electrolyte 2 filled between two adjacent mesh structures 30 can increase the contact area between the solid electrolyte 2 and the current collector line 200, thereby improving the charging and discharging effect.

[0067] A third aspect of this disclosure provides a vehicle including the electrode 1 as described above or the battery as described above. This vehicle possesses all the beneficial effects of the electrode 1 and the battery described above, which will not be elaborated upon herein.

[0068] It should be noted that this disclosure does not limit the type of vehicle; it can be any vehicle suitable for using the electrode 1 or the battery. For example, the vehicle can be a sedan, truck, van, etc., or a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle (range-extended electric vehicle), etc., and this disclosure does not limit it in this regard.

[0069] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0070] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0071] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. An electrode, characterized in that, include: Multiple composite threads, each of which is at least partially made of an active substance; The current collector includes multiple current collectors connected to each other to form a mesh structure, and the gap between two adjacent current collectors is used to accommodate solid electrolytes. Each of the aforementioned collector lines is provided with at least one of the aforementioned composite lines.

2. The electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the length of the collector line, the composite line is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the collector line.

3. The electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the collector lines is provided with a plurality of composite lines, one end of each composite line is connected to the collector line, and the other end of each composite line extends in a divergent manner in a direction away from the collector line.

4. The electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current collector includes multiple mesh structures formed by the current collector lines. The multiple mesh structures are stacked and interconnected to form a three-dimensional structure.

5. The electrode according to claim 4, characterized in that, The current collector also includes multiple connecting wires, each of which is connected at both ends to two adjacent mesh structures.

6. The electrode according to claim 4, characterized in that, The current collector is formed in a cubic or cylindrical shape.

7. The electrode according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The plurality of composite lines include a plurality of positive electrode composite lines and a plurality of negative electrode composite lines, and the plurality of current collectors include a plurality of positive electrode current collectors and a plurality of negative electrode current collectors. Each positive electrode current collector is provided with at least one positive electrode composite line, and each negative electrode current collector is provided with at least one negative electrode composite line.

8. The electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that, The positive electrode composite wire includes composite fiber filaments and positive electrode active material, wherein the positive electrode active material is electrostatically adsorbed onto the outer surface of the composite fiber filaments.

9. The electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that, The negative electrode composite wire includes carbon fiber filaments and negative electrode active material, wherein the negative electrode active material is deposited on the outer surface of the carbon fiber filaments.

10. A battery, characterized in that, Includes the electrode as described in any one of claims 1-9.

11. The battery according to claim 10, characterized in that, The current collector includes a plurality of mesh structures formed by the current collector lines. The plurality of mesh structures are stacked and interconnected to form a three-dimensional structure. A solid electrolyte is filled between two adjacent mesh structures.

12. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the electrode according to any one of claims 1-9 or the battery according to any one of claims 10-11.

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