A pervious concrete slab structure having preformed holes

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of water-permeable concrete slab structures with prefabricated hole, including base layer and the concrete slab being located at the top of base layer, the top surface of the concrete slab is provided with several vertical water-permeable holes, several horizontal drainage channels are provided on the base layer, the drainage channel is located at the bottom of the concrete slab, and the lower end of the water-permeable hole is communicated with the drainage channel. The utility model has the advantages of stable structure, direct water-permeable path and not easy to block, easy to maintain, excellent bearing capacity and durable water-permeable performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of permeable concrete slab technology, and in particular to a permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional urban paving materials, such as asphalt concrete and ordinary cement concrete, constitute large areas of impermeable underlying surfaces. During heavy rainfall, this type of hard paving hinders the natural infiltration of rainwater, leading to rapid formation and accumulation of surface runoff. This not only significantly increases the burden on urban drainage networks, easily causing urban flooding when their capacity is exceeded, but also washes oil, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the road surface into water bodies, causing environmental pollution. Furthermore, impermeable surfaces isolate the normal exchange of surface water and groundwater and air, reducing the "microclimate" regulating effect of soil moisture evaporation, which is a significant factor exacerbating the urban heat island effect and, in the long run, is detrimental to the conservation and replenishment of groundwater resources.

[0003] To address these issues, the industry has developed various permeable paving technologies, among which the most widely used are interlocking permeable brick paving and cast-in-place monolithic permeable concrete.

[0004] However, these existing technologies still have many insurmountable shortcomings in practical applications:

[0005] Permeable brick paving: Permeable bricks primarily rely on the microscopic pores of the brick material itself or the joints between bricks to achieve water permeability. Initially, they possess a certain level of permeability. However, with prolonged use, dust from the air, mud and sand brought in by vehicles, and other fine debris gradually fill and clog these tiny pores and gaps. This clogging is gradual and irreversible, causing a sharp decline or even complete loss of permeability in a short period, thus negating their fundamental function as permeable pavement. Furthermore, the individual strength of permeable bricks and the overall load-bearing capacity of the paving structure are relatively limited, making it difficult to meet the requirements of heavy-duty traffic roads.

[0006] Cast-in-place monolithic permeable concrete: This technology uses aggregates with specific gradations to form a large number of interconnected capillary pore networks within the concrete to achieve permeability. Although its integrity is superior to permeable bricks, it also faces serious technical bottlenecks. First, clogging remains a prominent problem. Its internal pore network is tortuous, complex, and varies in size, making it easy for fine suspended particles to deposit and solidify deep within the pores, making cleaning and unblocking extremely difficult. Maintenance typically requires specialized negative pressure cleaning equipment, which is costly and has limited effectiveness. Second, the contradiction between strength and permeability is difficult to reconcile. To achieve a high permeability, a high internal porosity must be ensured, but this directly leads to a decrease in the density of the concrete structure, sacrificing its compressive and flexural strength, making it prone to structural damage problems such as aggregate spalling, cracking, and slab breakage during application. Finally, construction quality is difficult to control. Cast-in-place construction is extremely sensitive to on-site raw material ratios, mixing processes, vibration intensity, and curing conditions. Negligence in any of these aspects can lead to the final product's performance (strength, permeability) failing to meet design requirements, resulting in poor product quality stability.

[0007] In summary, existing permeable pavement structures generally suffer from one or more technical bottlenecks, such as difficulty in maintaining permeability, poor anti-clogging ability, high maintenance costs, difficulty in balancing structural strength and permeability, and poor product performance consistency.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to further improve and perfect the existing technology to overcome these shortcomings, and this utility model is made based on this situation. Utility Model Content

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes that is structurally stable, has a direct and easy-to-clog permeable path, is easy to maintain, and has both excellent load-bearing capacity and long-lasting permeability.

[0010] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a permeable concrete slab structure with pre-fabricated holes, including a base layer and a concrete slab disposed on top of the base layer. The top surface of the concrete slab has a plurality of vertically penetrating permeable holes, and the base layer has a plurality of horizontal drainage grooves. The drainage grooves are located at the bottom of the concrete slab, and the lower end of the permeable holes is connected to the drainage grooves.

[0012] In order to further solve the technical problem to be solved by this utility model, the present utility model provides a permeable concrete slab structure with pre-made holes, wherein the inner diameter or equivalent inner diameter of the permeable holes gradually increases from the upper end to the lower end.

[0013] To further address the technical problems to be solved by this utility model, this utility model provides a permeable concrete slab structure with pre-fabricated holes, wherein the upper diameter of the permeable holes is 10 to 15 mm and the lower diameter is 20 to 25 mm.

[0014] In order to further solve the technical problem to be solved by this utility model, the present utility model provides a permeable concrete slab structure with pre-fabricated holes, wherein each of the permeable holes is arranged in an equidistant array on the top surface of the concrete slab.

[0015] In order to further solve the technical problem to be solved by this utility model, the permeable concrete slab structure with pre-fabricated holes provided by this utility model has a center distance of 60 to 80 mm between two adjacent permeable holes.

[0016] In order to further solve the technical problem to be solved by this utility model, in the permeable concrete slab structure with pre-made holes provided by this utility model, the total opening area formed by the plurality of permeable holes on the upper surface of the concrete slab accounts for 5% to 10% of the total area of ​​the upper surface of the concrete slab.

[0017] To further solve the technical problem to be solved by this utility model, this utility model provides a permeable concrete slab structure with pre-fabricated holes, wherein the base layer is also provided with drainage ditches located at both ends of the drainage channel, both ends of each drainage channel are connected to the side wall of the drainage ditch, and the bottom depth of the drainage ditch is greater than the bottom depth of the opening at both ends of the drainage channel.

[0018] In order to further solve the technical problems to be solved by this utility model, the permeable concrete slab structure with pre-fabricated holes provided by this utility model has the bottom of the drainage channel inclined from the middle to both ends.

[0019] In order to further solve the technical problem to be solved by this utility model, in the permeable concrete slab structure with pre-fabricated holes provided by this utility model, the cross-sectional width or diameter of the drainage channel is not less than the inner diameter of the lower end of the permeable hole.

[0020] To further address the technical problems to be solved by this utility model, this utility model provides a permeable concrete slab structure with pre-fabricated holes, wherein the cross-sectional width or diameter of the drainage channel is 20 to 30 millimeters.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] This invention revolutionizes the traditional approach of sacrificing structural strength for permeable materials by employing high-strength solid concrete slabs to bear the load, combined with prefabricated, large-diameter, straight-through permeable pores and a dedicated drainage system beneath the slab. This design fundamentally resolves the long-standing contradiction in permeable pavement between achieving both strength and permeability. Its significant advantages include: enabling the pavement structure to possess load-bearing capacity comparable to heavy-duty highway pavements, while simultaneously achieving long-lasting permeability far exceeding industry standards through efficient physical channels; furthermore, its unique tapered pores (smaller at the top and larger at the bottom) provide excellent anti-clogging capabilities, significantly reducing maintenance costs throughout the entire lifecycle. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Detailed Implementation

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment discloses a permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes. The core idea of ​​this structure is to structurally separate the load-bearing function from the permeability function. The load-bearing capacity is ensured by a high-strength concrete slab, while efficient and durable permeability is achieved through specially designed, large-diameter physical pores and a drainage system.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the permeable concrete slab structure of this embodiment includes a base layer 1 and a precast concrete slab 2 laid on the base layer 1.

[0028] In this embodiment, the concrete slab 2 is the main load-bearing unit of the structure. Unlike traditional permeable concrete that relies on its own porosity for water permeability, the concrete slab 2 in this embodiment is made of dense, high-strength ordinary silicate concrete. Its concrete strength grade can be flexibly selected according to the actual load-bearing requirements of the project. For example, for sidewalks or landscape plazas, C25 to C40 strength concrete can be selected; while for parking lots or highway pavements that need to withstand heavy vehicle loads, higher strength concrete such as C50 or even C100 can be selected. In cases with special load-bearing requirements, steel mesh or steel fibers can be incorporated into the precast concrete slab 2 to further enhance its flexural strength and impact toughness. In this preferred embodiment, the thickness of the concrete slab 2 is set to 120 to 200 mm, more preferably 150 mm, to balance strength and economy.

[0029] To achieve permeability, multiple vertical permeable holes 21 are pre-drilled on the top surface of the concrete slab 2, penetrating the entire slab. These permeable holes 21 are the core channels for rapid rainwater infiltration in this structure. They have the following characteristics:

[0030] First, the shape of the permeable hole 21 has been optimized, with its inner diameter (or equivalent inner diameter, i.e., the non-circular cross-sectional size) gradually increasing from the top to the bottom, presenting an overall truncated cone shape. This "smaller at the top, larger at the bottom" structure has significant technical advantages: the smaller upper opening can effectively prevent larger debris such as leaves and pebbles from entering the hole, playing a preliminary filtering role; while the downward expanding shape makes it difficult for some fine silt to wed and clog the hole wall, allowing it to be smoothly discharged under the flushing of subsequent water flow, thus achieving excellent anti-clogging performance and self-cleaning ability. In this embodiment, the upper diameter of the permeable hole 21 is preferably 10 to 15 mm, and the lower diameter is preferably 20 to 25 mm.

[0031] Secondly, the layout of the permeable holes 21 has been optimized. Specifically, multiple permeable holes 21 are evenly distributed in an array at equal intervals on the top surface of the concrete slab 2. The center-to-center distance between two adjacent permeable holes 21 is preferably 60 to 80 millimeters. This uniform layout ensures consistent permeability across the entire paving surface. Calculations show that this layout results in the total open area formed by the permeable holes 21 on the upper surface of the concrete slab 2 accounting for approximately 5% to 10% of the total surface area of ​​the slab. This proportion ensures extremely high permeability without excessively weakening the overall structural strength of the slab.

[0032] Base layer 1 serves as the supporting layer for concrete slab 2 and also as the carrier of the secondary drainage system. The thickness of base layer 1 can be set to 200 to 300 mm, and it can be composed of compacted graded crushed stone, a water-stabilized layer, or lean concrete. Multiple transverse drainage channels 11 are formed on the top surface of base layer 1, i.e., the surface in contact with the bottom of concrete slab 2. The positions of these drainage channels 11 precisely correspond to the permeable holes 21 on concrete slab 2, ensuring that the lower outlet of each permeable hole 21 can seamlessly connect to a drainage channel 11.

[0033] To facilitate rapid drainage from the drainage trough 11, the bottom of the trough 11 is designed to slope gently from its center towards both ends, forming a V-shape or an inverted V-shape. Simultaneously, to ensure smooth drainage, the cross-sectional dimensions (both width and inner diameter) of the drainage trough 11 are not smaller than the lower inner diameter of the connected permeable hole 21. In this embodiment, the width of the drainage trough 11 is preferably 20 to 30 millimeters.

[0034] To construct a complete and efficient drainage network, this embodiment further includes drainage ditches 12 on the base layer 1. The drainage ditches 12 are located at both ends of the drainage channels 11, serving as the main channels for collecting and transferring water flow. Both ends of each drainage channel 11 are connected to the sidewalls of the drainage ditch 12. More importantly, the bottom depth of the drainage ditch 12 is designed to be greater than the bottom depth of the drainage channels 11 at the connection points. This height difference utilizes the gravitational potential energy of water, ensuring that water flowing from the drainage channels 11 can smoothly and unobstructedly flow into the drainage ditches 12, effectively avoiding backflow or siltation problems caused by poor drainage.

[0035] In actual construction and installation, the base layer 1 can be laid and leveled first, and drainage channels 11 and drainage ditches 12 can be made on it. Then, the precast concrete slab 2 is hoisted or laid on the base layer 1. A preferred installation method is to partially sink the concrete slab 2 into the base layer 1, so that the top surface of the concrete slab 2 is flush with the top surface of the surrounding unpaved area of ​​the base layer 1, forming an integrated and flat ground.

[0036] Working principle and beneficial effects:

[0037] When rainfall occurs, rainwater falls onto the surface of the concrete slab 2. Due to the presence of permeable holes 21, rainwater quickly seeps vertically through these large-diameter, straight channels, directly into the drainage trough 11 at the bottom of the slab. Because the permeable holes 21 and drainage trough 11 are large in size and have relatively smooth inner walls, the water flow resistance is extremely low, and its permeability coefficient can reach up to 50 mm / s, which is 100 times that of the national standard for traditional permeable concrete (0.5 mm / s). It can easily cope with the intensity of heavy rainfall, effectively eliminate surface runoff, and alleviate the pressure on the urban drainage network.

[0038] After rainwater enters the drainage channel 11, it will flow along the sloping bottom of the channel to the drainage ditches 12 at both ends under the action of gravity. Finally, the water collected in the drainage ditch 12 can be uniformly "discharged, stored and used" by connecting to the municipal pipe network, water storage modules or infiltration wells.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this utility model are reflected in:

[0040] The contradiction between strength and permeability has been resolved: by separating load-bearing capacity and permeability, the concrete slab 2 itself can achieve extremely high strength of C100 grade, sufficient for heavy-load applications such as Class I highway pavements, greatly expanding the application range of permeable pavement. Its strength is no longer limited by the porosity required for permeability.

[0041] Anti-clogging, long-lasting permeability, and low maintenance cost: The design of 21 permeable holes with large diameter, straight passage and smaller top and larger bottom fundamentally solves the problem of easy clogging of traditional microporous permeable materials, ensuring the long-term effectiveness of permeability and significantly reducing the later cleaning and maintenance costs.

[0042] Alleviating urban environmental problems: Highly permeable properties not only address urban flooding but also promote rainwater infiltration, replenishing groundwater resources. Simultaneously, the exchange channels between surface and groundwater vapor are opened, and water evaporation can carry away heat, effectively mitigating the urban heat island effect.

[0043] Product quality is stable and reliable: Concrete slab 2 adopts a factory prefabrication mode, which makes the quality control of various indicators such as size, strength, and hole shape more precise and stable compared with on-site casting.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model, such as changing the circular cross-section of the permeable hole or drainage channel to a square, hexagon, or other equivalent shape, should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes, characterized in that: The system includes a base layer (1) and a concrete slab (2) on top of the base layer (1). The top surface of the concrete slab (2) has several vertically penetrating permeable holes (21). The base layer (1) has several horizontal drainage channels (11). The drainage channels (11) are located at the bottom of the concrete slab (2), and the lower end of the permeable holes (21) is connected to the drainage channels (11).

2. The permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter or equivalent inner diameter of the permeable hole (21) gradually increases from its upper end to its lower end.

3. The permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper diameter of the permeable hole (21) is 10 to 15 mm, and the lower diameter is 20 to 25 mm.

4. The permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the permeable holes (21) is arranged in an equidistant array on the top surface of the concrete slab (2).

5. A permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The center-to-center distance between two adjacent permeable holes (21) is 60 to 80 millimeters.

6. A permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The total opening area formed by the plurality of permeable holes (21) on the upper surface of the concrete slab (2) accounts for 5% to 10% of the total area of ​​the upper surface of the concrete slab (2).

7. A permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base layer (1) is also provided with drainage ditches (12) located at both ends of the drainage channel (11). Both ends of each drainage channel (11) are connected to the side wall of the drainage ditch (12), and the bottom depth of the drainage ditch (12) is greater than the bottom depth of the opening at both ends of the drainage channel (11).

8. A permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the drainage trough (11) is inclined from the middle to both ends.

9. A permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional width or diameter of the drainage channel (11) is not less than the inner diameter of the lower end of the permeable hole (21).

10. A permeable concrete slab structure with pre-drilled holes according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cross-sectional width or diameter of the drainage channel (11) is 20 to 30 millimeters.

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