A new type of switch

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of flow and liquid level switches, and discloses a novel switch which comprises a power terminal, a protection element, a filter element, an anti-reverse connection diode, a power element, a magnetic resistance element and a power control circuit. The novel switch can realize that when the flow or the liquid level changes, the watch shaft rotates, the pointer and the permanent magnet also rotate together, the output state of the S1 magnetic sensor changes every time the magnetic pole rotates through the S1 magnetic sensor, the current control circuit controls the power loop current to be <=1.2 mA and >=2.1 mA by detecting the state of the magnetic sensor, the current size meets the NAMUR standard, the loop current is transmitted to a control room through a cable, and the control system of the control room converts the current signal into a state signal through a sampling resistor, so that the monitoring of the field flow liquid level or other variable states is realized. Due to the above principle and the semiconductor material, the service life of the switch is prolonged, and the reliability of the switch is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of flow and level switch technology, specifically a novel switch. Background Technology

[0002] NAMUR, the output standard developed by the International Association of Process Industry Automation Users, originated in 1949 from a proposal by the German company P+F. Initially a German standard (DIN 19234), it evolved into a European standard (EN 50227, DIN EN60947-5-6). Originating in the proximity switch industry, the NAMUR standard works by receiving approximately 8V DC voltage through a sensor. Depending on the distance between the sensor and a metal object, it generates a current signal of 1.2mA to 2.1mA. The standard switching current is typically 1.55mA. The output signal changes with the current, used to detect the proximity of metal objects. NAMUR sensors are designed for low-voltage power supply, low-current output, and intrinsically safe explosion-proof operation. They are typically used in conjunction with isolated safety barriers and are suitable for applications requiring explosion protection. The isolation barrier provides 8VDC power and detects current signals, converting the switching signals into relay or transistor switching signals, which are then transmitted to a DCS or PLC for control. The NAMUR output is based on a two-wire 4-20mA system, similar to two-wire output instruments. It is powered by the isolation barrier and detects the current signal. The current detection points of two-wire output instruments are generally 8mA and 16mA, while the NAMUR output current detection points are ≤1.2mA and ≥2.1mA. Both require the isolation barrier to convert the switching signals before outputting them to the control room.

[0003] In many industrial applications, flow and level monitoring requires alarm values ​​for flow and level, using NAMUR standard current transmission. Current technology uses reed switches with auxiliary magnets to achieve permanent magnet position detection. However, reed switches, being mechanical contacts, have short lifespans and high hysteresis. Therefore, a new switch is needed to replace the traditional reed switch (also known as a reed switch or magnetic reed switch, a hermetically sealed magnetic mechanical switch that can be used as a magnetic proximity switch or relay). Reed switches are mechanical switches with short lifespans and poor reliability, while this switch is a semiconductor switch with long lifespan and high reliability. To address these issues, a novel switch is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a novel switch with advantages such as long lifespan and high reliability, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a novel switch, comprising a power terminal, a protection element, a filter element, a reverse connection protection diode, a power element, a magnetoresistive element, and a power control circuit. The output terminal of the power terminal is provided with a filter element, the output terminal of the filter element is provided with a reverse connection protection diode, the output terminal of the power element is provided with a magnetoresistive element, and the output terminal of the magnetoresistive element is provided with a power control circuit. The power terminal, protection element, filter element, reverse connection protection diode, power element, magnetoresistive element, and power control circuit are all electrically connected.

[0006] The above scheme, by setting protective components, enables rapid action to be taken when a circuit fault occurs, preventing further escalation of the fault and avoiding safety accidents such as fires and equipment damage caused by circuit faults, thus ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment. By setting a magnetoresistive element, when the flow rate or liquid level changes, causing the dial axis to rotate, the pointer and permanent magnet also rotate. Whenever the magnetic pole rotates past the S1 magnetic sensor, the output state of the S1 magnetic sensor changes. The current control circuit controls the power supply loop current to ≤1.2mA and ≥2.1mA by detecting the magnetic sensor state. The current magnitude conforms to the NAMUR standard. The loop current is transmitted to the control room through a cable. The control system in the control room converts the current signal into a status signal through a sampling resistor, thereby realizing the monitoring of the flow rate, liquid level, or other variable states on site. Due to the above principle and its semiconductor material, the life of the switch can be extended and the reliability of the switch can be improved.

[0007] Furthermore, the power supply terminal is identified as J1, and the power supply terminal J1 is also called a relay.

[0008] The above scheme, by setting up relays, can achieve multiple functions such as automatic control, remote control, signal conversion and amplification, circuit protection and multi-loop control. When in automatic control, it can automatically control the on and off of the circuit according to the changes in input signals (such as current, voltage, temperature, pressure, etc.), thereby realizing the automatic control of equipment or system. For example, in a temperature control system, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature exceeds the set value, the relay can automatically cut off the power supply of the heating equipment, and when the temperature is lower than the set value, it can automatically turn on the power supply to keep the temperature within the set range.

[0009] Furthermore, the protection element includes a fuse F1 and a Zener diode D5 fixedly installed at the power terminal port.

[0010] The above solution utilizes a fuse to blow when the current is too high. An abnormal voltage rise often leads to an increase in current; a Zener diode stabilizes the voltage. When the voltage in the circuit rises abnormally, the Zener diode reverse-biased, clamping the voltage near its stable value and preventing damage to other components. The combination of a fuse and a Zener diode provides more comprehensive protection against overvoltage damage. For example, in some power supply circuits, if the input voltage suddenly rises for some reason, the Zener diode first limits the voltage within a certain range. If the current exceeds the rated current of the fuse, it will blow, cutting off the circuit and providing dual protection. At the moment of circuit connection or disconnection, and in the event of lightning strikes or static electricity, surge currents and voltage spikes occur. The Zener diode can respond quickly, suppressing voltage spikes, while the fuse can promptly cut off excessive surge currents, protecting sensitive components such as chips and capacitors from damage caused by instantaneous high voltage and current, thus improving circuit stability and reliability.

[0011] Furthermore, the filtering element includes an inductor L1 that is fixedly installed at the port of the protection element.

[0012] The above scheme, by incorporating an inductor, achieves multiple functions including filtering, energy storage, current limiting, voltage transformation, and electromagnetic compatibility. When filtering, the inductor is often combined with a capacitor to form an LC filter. Because the inductor presents low impedance to DC current and high impedance to AC current, it can block AC components while allowing DC components to pass smoothly, thus achieving the filtering purpose and making the output DC voltage more stable and smooth. For example, in a power supply circuit, the rectified voltage contains significant AC ripple. After passing through an LC filter circuit, the AC ripple is greatly attenuated, resulting in a cleaner DC voltage to power subsequent circuits.

[0013] Furthermore, the reverse polarity protection diode is identified as D1.

[0014] The above solution, by setting up a reverse-connection protection diode, achieves two functions: blocking reverse current and limiting reverse voltage through unidirectional conductivity. Unidirectional conductivity blocks reverse current: Diodes have unidirectional conductivity; when the power supply is correctly connected, the diode conducts in the forward direction, allowing current to flow and the circuit to operate normally. If the power supply is reverse-biased, the diode is in a reverse-biased state, cut off, and does not conduct, preventing current from flowing in the reverse direction. This protects downstream circuit components, such as chips, capacitors, and resistors, from damage due to reverse current.

[0015] Furthermore, the power supply component includes a first integrated circuit U1, a first capacitor C1, and a second capacitor C2, which are fixedly installed at the reverse polarity protection diode port. The first integrated circuit U1 is also called IC.

[0016] The above scheme, by setting up integrated circuits and capacitors, can filter the power supply. Integrated circuits require a stable DC power supply when they are working. Capacitors have the characteristics of storing and releasing charge, which can smooth the fluctuations of the power supply voltage. One or more capacitors are usually connected near the power supply pins of integrated circuits. These capacitors can filter out high-frequency noise and ripple in the power supply, provide a stable and clean DC voltage for integrated circuits, and ensure their normal operation.

[0017] Furthermore, the magnetoresistive element includes a latching magnetic sensor S1 that is fixedly mounted at the power supply element port.

[0018] The above scheme, by setting a latching magnetic sensor, can output a high level "1" or a low level "0" according to the direction of the magnetic field. When the direction of the magnetic field is the same as the magnetic sensitivity direction of the S1 magnetoresistive sensor, the S1 magnetoresistive sensor outputs a low level "0", and when the direction of the magnetic field is opposite to the magnetic sensitivity direction of the S1 magnetoresistive sensor, the S1 magnetoresistive sensor outputs a high level "1".

[0019] Furthermore, the power control circuit includes a second integrated circuit U2 and a third integrated circuit U3 fixedly installed at the port of the magnetoresistive element. A first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a light-emitting diode LED1, and a control switch SW1 are fixedly installed at the port of the third integrated circuit.

[0020] Through the above scheme, the current control unit consists of U2, U3, R1, R2, R3, R4, LED1, and SW1. The current control unit can control the power loop current to ≤1.2mA and ≥2.1mA based on the output level of the S1 magnetoresistive sensor from the magnetic field measurement unit. U2 is a low-power inverter with pin 2 as input and pin 4 as inverted output. The state of pin 4 changes in tandem with the state of pin 2, always inversely. U3 is a single-pole double-throw analog switch; when pin 6 is low ("0"), pins 4 and 3 are connected; when pin 6 is high ("1"), pins 4 and 1 are connected. SW1 is an output state configuration switch, consisting of two switches, 1-4 and 2-3, each with closed or open states. When SW1 is closed (2-3), the power loop current is approximately 0.5mA, conforming to the NAMUR standard. When pins 2 and 3 of SW1 are open, the power loop current is almost zero. Changing the state of pins 1 and 4 of SW1 can set the initial current of the control power loop. When the magnetic sensor outputs a low level "0", pins 1 and 4 of SW1 are closed, pin 6 of U3 is low, pins 3 and 4 of U3 are connected, so pin 4 of U4 is high, and the power supply current is >2.1mA. When pins 1 and 4 of SW1 are open, pin 6 of U3 is high, pins 1 and 4 of U3 are connected, so pin 4 of U4 is low, and the power supply current is <1.2mA. LED1, R3, and R4 are alarm indicator lights. When LED1 is lit, the power loop current is ≥2.1mA; when LED1 is off, the power loop current is ≤1.2mA. LED1 can work with the loop current to realize the on-site status indication of the instrument and the remote transmission of status signals to the control room.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] This novel switch incorporates a fuse that blows when current is excessive. While abnormal voltage increases often lead to increased current, a Zener diode stabilizes the voltage. When an abnormal voltage rise occurs in the circuit, the Zener diode reverse-biasedly breaks down, clamping the voltage near its stable value and preventing damage to other components. The combination of the fuse and Zener diode provides more comprehensive protection against overvoltage damage. For example, in some power supply circuits, if the input voltage suddenly rises for some reason, the Zener diode first limits the voltage within a certain range. If the current exceeds the rated current of the fuse, it will blow, cutting off the circuit and providing dual protection. At the moment of circuit connection or disconnection, and in the event of lightning strikes or static electricity, surge currents and voltage spikes occur. The Zener diode responds quickly, suppressing voltage spikes, while the fuse promptly cuts off excessive surge currents, protecting sensitive components such as chips and capacitors from damage caused by instantaneous high voltage and current, thus improving circuit stability and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit layout of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the principle and structure of a medium magnetoresistive element;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A front view schematic diagram of a medium magnetoresistive element;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dial structure in this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit system structure in this application;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field measurement unit structure in this application;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the current control unit structure in this application.

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 1. Power supply terminal; 101. Relay; 2. Protection element; 201. Fuse; 202. Zener diode; 3. Filter element; 301. Inductor; 4. Reverse polarity protection diode; 5. Power supply element; 501. First integrated circuit; 502. First capacitor; 503. Second capacitor; 6. Magnetoresistive element; 601. Latching magnetic sensor; 7. Power control circuit; 701. Second integrated circuit; 702. Third integrated circuit; 703. Second resistor; 704. Third resistor; 705. Fourth resistor; 706. Light-emitting diode; 707. Control switch. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6This embodiment of a novel switch includes a power terminal 1, a protection element 2, a filter element 3, a reverse connection protection diode 4, a power element 5, a magnetoresistive element 6, and a power control circuit 7. The output terminal of the power terminal 1 is equipped with the filter element 3, and the output terminal of the filter element 3 is equipped with the reverse connection protection diode 4. The output terminal of the power element 5 is equipped with the magnetoresistive element 6, and the output terminal of the magnetoresistive element 6 is equipped with the power control circuit 7. The power terminal 1, protection element 2, filter element 3, reverse connection protection diode 4, power element 5, magnetoresistive element 6, and power control circuit 7 are all electrically connected. By incorporating the protection element 2, measures can be quickly taken when a circuit fault occurs to prevent further escalation of the fault and to prevent fires and equipment damage caused by the circuit fault. To prevent accidents such as malfunctions and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment, a magnetoresistive element 6 is installed. When the flow rate or liquid level changes, causing the dial axis to rotate, the pointer and permanent magnet also rotate. Whenever the magnetic pole rotates past the S1 magnetic sensor, the output state of the S1 magnetic sensor changes. The current control circuit controls the power supply loop current to ≤1.2mA and ≥2.1mA by detecting the magnetic sensor state. The current magnitude conforms to the NAMUR standard. The loop current is transmitted to the control room through a cable. The control system in the control room converts the current signal into a status signal through a sampling resistor, thereby realizing the monitoring of the flow rate, liquid level, or other variable states on site. Due to the above principle and its semiconductor material, the life of the switch can be extended and the reliability of the switch can be improved.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6The power terminal 1 is marked J1, and power terminal 1J1 is also called relay 101. By setting relay 101, multiple functions such as automatic control, remote control, signal conversion and amplification, circuit protection, and multi-loop control can be achieved. In automatic control, it can automatically control the on and off of the circuit according to the changes in input signals (such as current, voltage, temperature, pressure, etc.), thereby realizing the automatic control of equipment or system. For example, in a temperature control system, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature exceeds the set value, relay 101 can automatically cut off the power supply to the heating equipment, and when the temperature is lower than the set value, it can automatically turn on the power supply to keep the temperature within the set range. The protection element 2 includes a fuse 201F1 and a Zener diode 202D5 fixedly installed at the power terminal 1 port. By setting fuse 201, it can melt when the current is too high, while abnormal voltage rise often leads to increased current. By setting Zener diode 202, the voltage can be stabilized. When the voltage in the circuit rises abnormally, the Zener diode 202 will reverse break down, clamping the voltage near its stable value to prevent excessive voltage from damaging other components in the circuit. By working in conjunction with the fuse 201, the circuit can be more comprehensively protected against overvoltage damage. For example, in some power supply circuits, when the input voltage suddenly rises for some reason, the Zener diode 202 first limits the voltage to a certain range. If the current exceeds the rated current of the fuse 201, the fuse 201 will melt, cutting off the circuit and providing dual protection. At the moment the circuit is switched on or off, and in the event of lightning strikes or static electricity, surge currents and voltage spikes will occur. The Zener diode 202 can respond quickly to suppress voltage spikes, while the fuse 201 can promptly cut off excessive surge currents, protecting sensitive components in the circuit, such as chips and capacitors, from damage caused by instantaneous high voltage and current, thus improving the stability and reliability of the circuit.

[0035] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6The filter element 3 includes an inductor 301L1 fixedly installed at the port of the protection element 2. By setting the inductor 301, multiple functions such as filtering, energy storage, current limiting, voltage transformation, and electromagnetic compatibility can be achieved. During filtering, the inductor 301 often forms an LC filter together with a capacitor. Because the inductor 301 presents low impedance to DC current and high impedance to AC current, it can block AC components from passing through while allowing DC components to pass smoothly, thus achieving the purpose of filtering and making the output DC voltage more stable and smooth. For example, in a power supply circuit, the rectified voltage contains a large AC ripple. After passing through the LC filter circuit, the AC ripple is greatly attenuated, and a relatively pure DC voltage is output to power subsequent circuits. The reverse connection protection diode 4 is marked D1. By setting the reverse connection protection diode 4, two functions can be achieved: blocking reverse current and limiting reverse voltage using unidirectional conductivity. Unidirectional conductivity blocks reverse current: the diode has unidirectional conductivity; when the power supply is correctly connected, the diode conducts in the forward direction, allowing current to pass through, and the circuit operates normally. If the power supply is reversed, the diode is in a reverse bias state, cut off and does not conduct, preventing current from flowing in the opposite direction, thereby protecting components in the downstream circuit, such as chips, capacitors, and resistors, from damage due to reverse current.

[0036] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7Power supply element 5 includes a first integrated circuit 501U1, a first capacitor 502C1, and a second capacitor 503C2, all fixedly mounted at the port of the reverse polarity protection diode 4. The first integrated circuit 501U1, also called IC, filters the power supply by connecting the integrated circuit and capacitors. The integrated circuit requires a stable DC power supply to operate. Capacitors have the characteristics of storing and releasing charge, which can smooth fluctuations in the power supply voltage. One or more capacitors are usually connected near the power supply pins of the integrated circuit. These capacitors can filter out high-frequency noise and ripple in the power supply, providing a stable and clean DC voltage to the integrated circuit and ensuring its normal operation. Magnetoresistive element 6 includes a latching magnetic sensor 601S1 fixedly mounted at the port of power supply element 5. A latching magnetic sensor 601 is provided, which can output a high level "1" or a low level "0" according to the direction of the magnetic field. When the magnetic field direction is the same as the magnetic sensing direction of the S1 magnetoresistive sensor, the S1 magnetoresistive sensor outputs a low level "0", and when the magnetic field direction is opposite to the magnetic sensing direction of the S1 magnetoresistive sensor, the S1 magnetoresistive sensor outputs a high level "1". The power control circuit 7 includes a second integrated circuit 701U2 and a third integrated circuit 702U3 fixedly installed at the port of the magnetoresistive element 6. A first resistor R1, a second resistor 703R2, a third resistor 704R3, a fourth resistor 705R4, a light-emitting diode 706LED1, and a control switch 707SW1 are fixedly installed at the port of the third integrated circuit 702. The current control unit consists of U2 and U3. The circuit consists of R1, R2, R3, R4, LED1, and SW1. The current control unit can control the power loop current to ≤1.2mA and ≥2.1mA based on the output level of the magnetoresistive sensor S1 in the magnetic field measurement unit. U2 is a low-power inverter with pin 2 as input and pin 4 as inverted output. The state of pin 4 changes in tandem with the state of pin 2 and is always opposite. U3 is a single-pole double-throw analog switch. When pin 6 is low ("0"), pins 4 and 3 are connected; when pin 6 is high ("1"), pins 4 and 1 are connected. SW1 is an output state configuration switch, consisting of two switches, 1-4 and 2-3, each with a closed or open state. When SW1 is closed (2-3), the power loop current is approximately 0.5mA, conforming to N... AMUR standard; when SW1 pins 2-3 are open, the power loop current is almost zero. Changing the state of SW1 pins 1-4 can set the initial current of the power loop. When the S1 magnetic sensor outputs a low level "0", SW1 pins 1-4 are closed, pin 6 of U3 is low, pins 3 and 4 of U3 are connected, so pin 4 of U4 is high, and the power supply current is >2.1mA; when SW1 pins 1-4 are open, pin 6 of U3 is high, pins 1 and 4 of U3 are connected, so pin 4 of U4 is low, and the power supply current is <1.2mA. LED1, R3, and R4 are alarm indicator lights. When LED1 is lit, the power loop current is ≥2.1mA; when LED1 is off, the power loop current is ≤1.With a current rating of 2mA, LED1 can be used in conjunction with the loop current to enable on-site status indication of the instrument and remote transmission of status signals to the control room.

[0037] This embodiment features a novel switch. It's worth noting that the fuse 201 can blow when the current is too high. Since abnormal voltage increases often lead to increased current, the Zener diode 202 stabilizes the voltage. When the voltage in the circuit abnormally rises, the Zener diode 202 reverse-biasedly breaks down, clamping the voltage near its stable value and preventing damage to other components in the circuit. The combination of the fuse 201 and the Zener diode 202 provides more comprehensive protection against circuit damage due to overvoltage. For example, in some power supply circuits, when the input voltage suddenly increases for some reason... The Zener diode 202 first limits the voltage within a certain range. If the current exceeds the rated current of the fuse 201, the fuse 201 will melt and cut off the circuit, providing dual protection. At the moment the circuit is connected or disconnected, or in the event of lightning strikes or static electricity, surge currents and voltage surges will occur. The Zener diode 202 can respond quickly and suppress the voltage surges, while the fuse 201 can cut off the excessive surge current in time, protecting sensitive components in the circuit, such as chips and capacitors, from damage caused by instantaneous high voltage and high current, thus improving the stability and reliability of the circuit.

[0038] The working principle of the above embodiment is as follows: First, according to the latching magnetic sensor 601, which is a device in which the permanent magnet, the dial axis, and the pointer are integrated, when the flow rate or liquid level changes, the dial axis rotates, and the pointer and the permanent magnet also rotate together. Whenever the magnetic pole rotates past the S1 latching magnetic sensor 601, the output state of the S1 latching magnetic sensor 601 changes. The current control circuit controls the power supply loop current to ≤1.2mA and ≥2.1mA by detecting the state of the latching magnetic sensor 601. The current magnitude conforms to the NAMUR standard. The loop current is transmitted to the control room through a cable. The control system in the control room converts the current signal into a status signal through a sampling resistor, thereby realizing the monitoring of the flow rate, liquid level, or other variable states on site.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0040] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A novel switch, comprising a power terminal (1), a protection element (2), a filter element (3), a reverse polarity protection diode (4), a power supply element (5), a magnetoresistive element (6), and a power control circuit (7), characterized in that: The output end of the power terminal (1) is provided with a filter element (3), the output end of the filter element (3) is provided with a reverse connection protection diode (4), the output end of the power element (5) is provided with a magnetoresistive element (6), the output end of the magnetoresistive element (6) is provided with a power control circuit (7), and the power terminal (1), protection element (2), filter element (3), reverse connection protection diode (4), power element (5), magnetoresistive element (6) and power control circuit (7) are all electrically connected.

2. The novel switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power terminal (1) is marked as J1, and the power terminal (1) J1 is also called relay (101).

3. A novel switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection element (2) includes a fuse (201) F1 and a Zener diode (202) D5 fixedly installed at the power terminal (1) port.

4. A novel switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter element (3) includes an inductor (301) L1 that is fixedly installed at the port of the protection element (2).

5. A novel switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reverse polarity protection diode (4) is labeled D1.

6. A novel switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply element (5) includes a first integrated circuit (501) U1, a first capacitor (502) C1 and a second capacitor (503) C2, which are fixedly installed at the port of the anti-reverse diode (4). The first integrated circuit (501) U1 is also called IC.

7. A novel switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetoresistive element (6) includes a latching magnetic sensor (601) S1 that is fixedly installed at the port of the power supply element (5).

8. A novel switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power control circuit (7) includes a second integrated circuit (701) U2 and a third integrated circuit (702) U3 fixedly installed at the port of the magnetoresistive element (6). The port of the third integrated circuit (702) is fixedly installed with a first resistor R1, a second resistor (703) R2, a third resistor (704) R3, a fourth resistor (705) R4, a light-emitting diode (706) LED1 and a control switch (707) SW1.

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