A test device for plant root system allelochemical diffusion speed
By designing opening and closing devices and water replenishment devices, the problem of labor-intensive allelochemical diffusion and water replenishment in the experiment of plant root allelochemical diffusion rate was solved, and the accuracy and convenience of experimental results were achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INNER MONGOLIA UNIV FOR THE NATITIES
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, allelochemicals continue to diffuse after the plant root allelochemical diffusion rate test is completed, affecting the experimental results. Furthermore, the water replenishment process is labor-intensive and time-consuming.
An experimental device including an opening and closing device and a water replenishment device was designed. The opening and closing device realizes the synchronous closure of the microbial channel through a rotating shaft, pulley and spring mechanism, and the water replenishment device realizes automatic water replenishment through a water pump and atomizing nozzle.
It effectively prevents the diffusion of allelochemicals during the detection process, improves the accuracy of experimental results and the convenience of equipment, and saves manpower and time costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224378057U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of microbial research technology, and in particular to an experimental device for measuring the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots. Background Technology
[0002] Allelopathic effects are a common phenomenon in nature. They generally refer to the natural phenomenon in which plants release specific metabolic products into the environment during their growth and development, thereby changing the surrounding microecological environment, affecting the growth and development of other plants, and leading to a natural phenomenon in which plants initially repel each other but then promote each other's growth.
[0003] Existing technologies, such as Chinese Patent Publication No. CN216786125U, disclose an experimental device for studying the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots. This device includes a donor plant culture chamber and a recipient plant culture chamber connected by a microbial channel. Both the donor and recipient plant culture chambers have open tops. Two or more layers of nylon mesh are spaced apart within the microbial channel, with the surface of the nylon mesh perpendicular to the direction of microbial flow within the channel. The experimental device described in this invention also includes a donor plant culture chamber and a recipient plant culture chamber connected by a microbial channel. By planting the donor and recipient plants in separate containers, the effects of rainwater leaching and litter decomposition on the diffusion rate of allelochemicals are avoided. The nylon mesh structure within the microbial channel effectively prevents the passage of plant roots, allowing only root exudates and other microorganisms to pass through, which is beneficial for studying the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant root exudates. However, the novel invention did not seal the microbial channel after the experiment, which allowed allelochemicals to continue to diffuse during the detection of various data, affecting the experimental results. Furthermore, manual water replenishment was required, which was labor-intensive and time-consuming.
[0004] To address the issue of allelochemicals continuing to diffuse after the plant root allelochemical diffusion rate experiment, it is necessary to test and record various data after the experiment, often with at least one control group. This makes the testing process quite lengthy. During this process, allelochemicals can still diffuse through microbial pathways, affecting the data and causing deviations in the experimental results. Furthermore, the experiment often requires watering the plants, but artificial watering is too labor-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, improvements are needed. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies where allelochemicals continue to diffuse after the plant root allelochemical diffusion rate test is completed, and to propose a test device for the diffusion rate of plant root allelochemicals.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: an experimental device for measuring the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots, comprising a base, self-locking casters, a water collection trough, a donor culture chamber, a recipient culture chamber, a microbial channel, a filling substrate, and an opening and closing device. The self-locking casters are fixedly connected to the surface of the base. The water collection trough is fixedly installed on the surface of the base. There are two sets of water collection troughs arranged symmetrically, with three troughs in each set. The donor culture chamber is fixedly connected to the surface of one set of water collection troughs, and the recipient culture chamber is fixedly connected to the surface of the other set of water collection troughs. The microbial channel connects each donor culture chamber and recipient culture chamber. The filling matrix is placed inside the donor culture chamber, recipient culture chamber, and microbial channel. The opening and closing device is located on the surface of the microbial channel. The opening and closing device includes a top cover, which is connected to the upper surface of the microbial channel via a hinge. The interior of the microbial channel is lined with multiple sets of nylon cloth. The inner wall of the top cover is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft. One end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a baffle. A sealing ring is fixedly connected to the surface of the baffle. Both the baffle and the sealing ring are located inside the microbial channel and are adapted to the inner wall size of the microbial channel.
[0007] Furthermore, each of the rotating shafts is fixedly connected to a pulley, each of the pulleys is connected to a conveyor belt, each of the rotating shafts is fixedly connected to a fixed disc, and each of the rotating shafts is fitted with a torsion spring. One end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the surface of the upper cover, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixed disc.
[0008] Furthermore, a rotating handle is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft away from the baffle. A groove is formed on the surface of the rotating handle. A compression spring is fixedly connected to the surface of the groove. A locking block is fixedly connected to the other end of the compression spring. The locking block is slidably connected to the surface of the groove. A cylinder is fixedly connected to the surface of the locking block.
[0009] Furthermore, a lifting handle is fixedly connected to the surface of the top cover, and a slot is formed on the surface of the lifting handle. The slot is adapted to a locking block, and a circular groove is formed on the surface of the slot, which is adapted to a cylinder.
[0010] Furthermore, the surface of the base is provided with a water replenishment device, which includes a water pump, the water pump being fixedly installed on the surface of the base, a water inlet pipe being fixedly connected to the surface of the water pump, a delivery pipe being fixedly connected to the surface of the water pump, and multiple branch pipes being fixedly connected to the surface of the delivery pipe, with each branch pipe being connected to each water collection tank.
[0011] Furthermore, a second water pump is fixedly connected to the surface of the base, an upper water injection pipe is fixedly connected to the surface of the second water pump, a second delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the surface of the second water pump, a plurality of second branch pipes are fixedly connected to the surface of the second delivery pipe, and an atomizing nozzle is fixedly connected to the surface of the second branch pipe and is respectively matched with each donor culture chamber and recipient culture chamber.
[0012] Furthermore, the bottom surfaces of the donor culture chamber and the recipient culture chamber are provided with multiple sets of water-permeable holes, and the bottom surfaces of the donor culture chamber and the recipient culture chamber are provided with gauze. The inner walls of the lower water injection pipe and the upper water injection pipe are both provided with filter screens.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0014] 1. In this utility model, by setting an opening and closing device, the baffle is perpendicular to the microbial channel under normal conditions, and the rotating handle is perpendicular to the lifting handle. At this time, the torsion spring is in a relaxed state and the compression spring is in a compressed state. When conducting an experiment on the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots, the rotating handle is rotated until it is horizontal with the lifting handle, thereby causing the rotating shaft to drive the baffle to rotate to the horizontal level with the microbial channel. At this time, the baffle will not affect the diffusion of allelochemicals, but only uses nylon cloth to block the plant roots. At the same time, under the rebound action of the compression spring, the locking block is inserted into the locking groove along the slide groove, and the cylinder extends out of the circular groove, so that the rotating handle is locked, preventing the baffle from rotating under the rebound action of the torsion spring. When the experiment ends and the detection stage begins, simply press the cylinder to make it slide into the circular groove. The groove allows the card block to disengage from the slot and slide into the slide groove, simultaneously compressing the compression spring. Rotating the handle then causes the baffle to reset under the rebound of the torsion spring, restoring it to a perpendicular position with the microbial channel. This seals the microbial channel, preventing the diffusion of allelochemicals during detection from affecting the experimental results. Three sets of equipment were set up for a control experiment. The pulleys and conveyor belts allow for the simultaneous opening and closing of the three microbial channels, preventing data discrepancies between groups due to time differences in channel closure. By setting up an opening and closing device to simultaneously open and close the three microbial channels, both the diffusion of allelochemicals during detection and the time differences in channel closure affecting the control are prevented, effectively improving the accuracy of the equipment.
[0015] 2. In this utility model, by setting up a water replenishment device, when it is necessary to replenish water to the plant roots, water can be supplied from the lower water inlet pipe. The water pump is started so that the water is transported to each water collection tank through the first delivery pipe and the first distribution pipe. Then, the water enters the filling substrate through the permeable holes and gauze and is absorbed by the roots. When it is necessary to replenish water from the top of the plant, water is supplied from the upper water inlet pipe. The water pump is started so that the water is sprayed out through the second delivery pipe, the second distribution pipe and the atomizing nozzle. The atomizing nozzle avoids direct impact of water that could damage the plants, and the filter screen can filter impurities in the water to avoid affecting the experiment. By setting up a water replenishment device, it is convenient to automatically replenish water to the roots and tops of multiple groups of plants simultaneously, saving manpower and time costs, and thus effectively improving the convenience of the equipment. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an experimental device for measuring the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots is provided for this utility model.
[0017] Figure 2 A partial structural diagram of the opening and closing device in an experimental apparatus for measuring the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots is provided for this utility model.
[0018] Figure 3 A partial structural diagram of the opening and closing device in an experimental apparatus for measuring the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots is provided for this utility model.
[0019] Figure 4 This invention presents a partial structural diagram of a water supply device in an experimental apparatus for measuring the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots.
[0020] Figure 5 This invention presents a partial structural diagram of a water replenishment device in an experimental apparatus for measuring the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots.
[0021] Legend:
[0022] 1. Base; 2. Self-locking casters; 3. Water collection tank; 4. Donor culture chamber; 5. Recipient culture chamber; 6. Microbial channel; 7. Filling substrate; 8. Opening and closing device; 801. Top cover; 802. Nylon cloth; 803. Rotating shaft; 804. Baffle; 805. Sealing ring; 806. Pulley; 807. Conveyor belt; 808. Fixed plate; 809. Torsion spring; 810. Rotating handle; 811. Slide groove; 81 2. Compression spring; 813. Locking block; 814. Cylindrical cylinder; 815. Lifting handle; 816. Locking groove; 817. Circular groove; 9. Water replenishment device; 901. Water pump one; 902. Lower water inlet pipe; 903. Delivery pipe one; 904. Diverter pipe one; 905. Water pump two; 906. Upper water inlet pipe; 907. Delivery pipe two; 908. Diverter pipe two; 909. Atomizing nozzle; 910. Water permeable hole; 911. Gauze. Detailed Implementation
[0023] Please see Figure 1-5 This utility model provides a technical solution: an experimental device for measuring the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots, comprising a base 1, self-locking casters 2, a water collection trough 3, a donor culture chamber 4, a recipient culture chamber 5, a microbial channel 6, a filling substrate 7, and an opening and closing device 8. The self-locking casters 2 are fixedly connected to the surface of the base 1. The water collection trough 3 is fixedly installed on the surface of the base 1. There are two sets of water collection troughs 3 arranged symmetrically, with three water collection troughs in each set. The donor culture chamber 4 is fixedly connected to the surface of one set of water collection troughs 3, and the recipient culture chamber 5 is fixedly connected to the surface of the other set of water collection troughs 3. The microbial channel 6 connects each donor culture chamber 4 and each recipient culture chamber 5. The filling substrate 7 is disposed in the donor culture chamber 4, the recipient culture chamber 5, and the microbial channel 6. The opening and closing device 8 is disposed on the surface of the microbial channel 6.
[0024] The specific design and function of its opening / closing device 8 and water replenishment device 9 will be explained below.
[0025] In this embodiment: the opening and closing device 8 includes an upper cover 801, which is connected to the upper surface of the microbial channel 6 via a hinge. The interior of the microbial channel 6 is provided with multiple sets of nylon cloth 802. The inner wall of the upper cover 801 is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft 803. One end of the rotating shaft 803 is fixedly connected to a baffle 804. A sealing ring 805 is fixedly connected to the surface of the baffle 804. Both the baffle 804 and the sealing ring 805 are disposed inside the microbial channel 6 and are adapted to the inner wall size of the microbial channel 6.
[0026] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: the top cover 801 is set to facilitate the opening of the microbial channel 6 to replace the nylon cloth 802 and the filling substrate 7; the nylon cloth 802 is set to prevent plant roots from passing through the microbial channel 6; and the baffle 804 and sealing ring 805 are set to close the microbial channel 6 after the experiment to prevent allelochemicals from continuing to spread.
[0027] Specifically, pulleys 806 are fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating shaft 803, and conveyor belts 807 are driven to the surface of the pulleys 806. A fixed disk 808 is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating shaft 803, and a torsion spring 809 is sleeved and connected to the surface of the rotating shaft 803. One end of the torsion spring 809 is fixedly connected to the surface of the upper cover 801, and the other end of the torsion spring 809 is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixed disk 808.
[0028] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: the pulley 806 and the conveyor belt 807 are set so that when one set of rotating shafts 803 rotates, the other two sets of rotating shafts 803 will rotate synchronously, which facilitates the synchronous opening and closing of the microbial channel 6; the torsion spring 809 is set so that the baffle 804 can be reset to a state perpendicular to the microbial channel 6.
[0029] Specifically, a rotating handle 810 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 803 away from the baffle 804. A groove 811 is provided on the surface of the rotating handle 810. A compression spring 812 is fixedly connected to the surface of the groove 811. A locking block 813 is fixedly connected to the other end of the compression spring 812. The locking block 813 is slidably connected to the surface of the groove 811. A cylinder 814 is fixedly connected to the surface of the locking block 813.
[0030] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: the rotating handle 810 is provided to facilitate the rotation of the rotating shaft 803; the sliding groove 811, the compression spring 812, and the locking block 813 are provided so that when the rotating handle 810 is rotated so that the baffle 804 is horizontal with the microbial channel 6, the locking block 813 can cooperate with the locking groove 816 to lock the rotating handle 810, preventing the baffle 804 from rotating under the rebound action of the torsion spring 809. At this time, the allelochemical can diffuse in the microbial channel 6.
[0031] Specifically, a lifting handle 815 is fixedly connected to the surface of the top cover 801. A slot 816 is provided on the surface of the lifting handle 815. The slot 816 is adapted to the slot block 813. A circular groove 817 is provided on the surface of the slot 816. The circular groove 817 is adapted to the cylinder 814.
[0032] The effect achieved by the above components is as follows: The lifting handle 815 is set to facilitate opening the top cover 801. When the experiment is over and testing is required, press the cylinder 814 to make it slide into the circular groove 817, which in turn causes the locking block 813 to press the compression spring 812 and disengage from the locking groove 816 while sliding into the sliding groove 811. At this time, rotate the rotating handle 810, and under the rebound action of the torsion spring 809, the baffle 804 will return to a position perpendicular to the microbial channel 6 to prevent allelochemicals from continuing to spread.
[0033] Specifically, a water replenishment device 9 is provided on the surface of the base 1. The water replenishment device 9 includes a water pump 901, which is fixedly installed on the surface of the base 1. A water inlet pipe 902 is fixedly connected to the surface of the water pump 901. A delivery pipe 903 is fixedly connected to the surface of the water pump 901. Multiple diversion pipes 904 are fixedly connected to the surface of the delivery pipe 903. The multiple diversion pipes 904 are respectively connected to each water collection tank 3.
[0034] The effect achieved by the above components is that when it is necessary to replenish water to the plant roots, water can be supplied through the water inlet pipe 902, and the water pump 901 can be started so that the water is transported to each water collection tank 3 through the delivery pipe 903 and the diversion pipe 904.
[0035] Specifically, a water pump 2 905 is fixedly connected to the surface of the base 1, an upper water injection pipe 906 is fixedly connected to the surface of the water pump 2 905, a delivery pipe 2 907 is fixedly connected to the surface of the water pump 2 905, multiple branch pipes 2 908 are fixedly connected to the surface of the delivery pipe 2 907, and an atomizing nozzle 909 is fixedly connected to the surface of the branch pipe 2 908 and is matched with each donor culture chamber 4 and recipient culture chamber 5 respectively.
[0036] The effect achieved by the above components is as follows: when water needs to be replenished from the top of the plant, water is supplied from the top water inlet pipe 906, and the water pump 905 is activated so that the water is sprayed out through the delivery pipe 907, the diversion pipe 908 and the atomizing nozzle 909. The atomizing nozzle 909 is designed to prevent the direct impact of water from damaging the plant.
[0037] Specifically, the bottom surfaces of the donor culture chamber 4 and the recipient culture chamber 5 are provided with multiple sets of water-permeable holes 910, and the bottom surfaces of the donor culture chamber 4 and the recipient culture chamber 5 are provided with gauze 911. The inner walls of the lower water injection pipe 902 and the upper water injection pipe 906 are both provided with filter screens 912.
[0038] The effect achieved by the above components is that the water in the water collection tank 3 enters the filling substrate 7 through the water permeable holes 910 and the gauze 911 and is absorbed by the roots, and the filter screen 912 can initially filter impurities in the water to avoid affecting the experiment.
[0039] Working principle: With the opening and closing device 8, under normal conditions, the baffle 804 is perpendicular to the microbial channel 6, and the rotating handle 810 is perpendicular to the lifting handle 815. At this time, the torsion spring 809 is in a relaxed state and the compression spring 812 is in a compressed state. When conducting experiments on the diffusion rate of allelochemicals in plant roots, the rotating handle 810 is rotated until it is horizontal with the lifting handle 815, which causes the rotating shaft 803 to drive the baffle 804 to rotate to be horizontal with the microbial channel 6. At this time, the baffle 804 will not affect the diffusion of allelochemicals, but only uses the nylon cloth 802 to block the plant roots. At the same time, the rebound action of the compression spring 812 causes the locking block 813 to be locked. The cylinder 814 extends out of the groove 817 and is inserted into the slot 816 along the slide 811, thus locking the rotating handle 810 and preventing the baffle 804 from rotating under the rebound of the torsion spring 809. When the experiment ends and the detection phase begins, simply press the cylinder 814 to slide it into the groove 817, causing the locking block 813 to disengage from the slot 816 and slide into the slide 811, simultaneously compressing the compression spring 812. Then, rotate the rotating handle 810, and under the rebound of the torsion spring 809, the baffle 804 returns to its original position, restoring its perpendicularity to the microbial channel 6, thus sealing the microbial channel 6 and preventing allelochemicals from continuing to diffuse during the detection process and affecting the experimental results. Three sets of equipment were set up for a control experiment. Under the action of pulley 806 and conveyor belt 807, the three sets of microbial channels 6 could be opened and closed simultaneously, avoiding data differences between groups due to time differences in channel closure. By setting up the opening and closing device 8 to simultaneously open and close the three sets of microbial channels 6, it is possible to avoid the diffusion of allelochemicals during the detection process affecting the experimental results, and also to avoid data differences between groups affecting the control due to time differences in channel closure. This effectively improves the accuracy of the equipment. Furthermore, by setting up a water replenishment device 9, when water needs to be replenished to the plant roots, water can be supplied through the water inlet pipe 902, and the water pump 901 can be activated to allow water to flow through the delivery pipe 903. The water is transported to each water collection tank 3 via the diversion pipe 904, and then enters the filling substrate 7 through the water permeable holes 910 and gauze 911 to be absorbed by the roots. When water needs to be replenished from the top of the plant, water is supplied from the top water inlet pipe 906, and the water pump 905 is activated so that the water is sprayed out through the delivery pipe 907, the diversion pipe 908 and the atomizing nozzle 909. The atomizing nozzle 909 avoids direct water impact that could damage the plant, and the filter screen 912 can filter impurities in the water to avoid affecting the experiment. By setting up the water replenishment device 9, it is easy to automatically replenish the roots and tops of multiple groups of plants simultaneously, saving manpower and time costs, and effectively improving the convenience of the equipment.
Claims
1. A test device for testing the diffusion speed of a plant root allelochemical, comprising a base (1), a self-locking universal wheel (2), a water collecting tank (3), a donor culture chamber (4), a receptor culture chamber (5), a microbial channel (6), a filled substrate (7) and an opening and closing device (8), characterized in that: The self-locking caster wheel (2) is fixedly connected to the surface of the base (1). The water collection tank (3) is fixedly installed on the surface of the base (1). There are two sets of water collection tanks (3) arranged symmetrically, with three water collection tanks in each set. The donor culture chamber (4) is fixedly connected to the surface of one set of water collection tanks (3). The recipient culture chamber (5) is fixedly connected to the surface of the other set of water collection tanks (3). The microbial channel (6) connects each donor culture chamber (4) and recipient culture chamber (5). The filling substrate (7) is placed in the donor culture chamber (4), recipient culture chamber (5), and microbial channel (6). The opening and closing device ( 8) The opening and closing device (8) is set on the surface of the microbial channel (6). The opening and closing device (8) includes a top cover (801). The top cover (801) is connected to the upper surface of the microbial channel (6) by a hinge. The interior of the microbial channel (6) is provided with multiple sets of nylon cloth (802). The inner wall of the top cover (801) is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft (803). One end of the rotating shaft (803) is fixedly connected to a baffle (804). The surface of the baffle (804) is fixedly connected to a sealing ring (805). The baffle (804) and the sealing ring (805) are both set inside the microbial channel (6) and are adapted to the inner wall size of the microbial channel (6).
2. The device for testing the diffusion speed of a root allelochemical of a plant according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the rotating shafts (803) is fixedly connected to a pulley (806), and each of the pulleys (806) is connected to a conveyor belt (807). Each of the rotating shafts (803) is fixedly connected to a fixed disc (808), and each of the rotating shafts (803) is fitted with a torsion spring (809). One end of the torsion spring (809) is fixedly connected to the surface of the upper cover (801), and the other end of the torsion spring (809) is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixed disc (808).
3. The device for testing the diffusion speed of a root allelochemical of a plant according to claim 2, wherein: A rotating handle (810) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft (803) away from the baffle (804). A groove (811) is provided on the surface of the rotating handle (810). A compression spring (812) is fixedly connected to the surface of the groove (811). A locking block (813) is fixedly connected to the other end of the compression spring (812). The locking block (813) is slidably connected to the surface of the groove (811). A cylinder (814) is fixedly connected to the surface of the locking block (813).
4. The device for testing the diffusion speed of a root allelochemical of a plant according to claim 3, wherein: A lifting handle (815) is fixedly connected to the surface of the top cover (801). A slot (816) is provided on the surface of the lifting handle (815). The slot (816) is adapted to the locking block (813). A circular groove (817) is provided on the surface of the slot (816). The circular groove (817) is adapted to the cylinder (814).
5. The device for testing the diffusion speed of a root allelochemical of a plant according to claim 1, wherein: The surface of the base (1) is provided with a water replenishment device (9), which includes a water pump (901). The water pump (901) is fixedly installed on the surface of the base (1). A water inlet pipe (902) is fixedly connected to the surface of the water pump (901). A delivery pipe (903) is fixedly connected to the surface of the water pump (901). A plurality of diversion pipes (904) are fixedly connected to the surface of the delivery pipe (903). The plurality of diversion pipes (904) are respectively connected to each water collection tank (3).
6. The device for testing the diffusion speed of a root signal substance of a plant according to claim 5, wherein: A second water pump (905) is fixedly connected to the surface of the base (1). An upper water injection pipe (906) is fixedly connected to the surface of the second water pump (905). A second delivery pipe (907) is fixedly connected to the surface of the second water pump (905). A plurality of second branch pipes (908) are fixedly connected to the surface of the second delivery pipe (907). An atomizing nozzle (909) is fixedly connected to the surface of the second branch pipe (908) and is matched with each donor culture chamber (4) and recipient culture chamber (5) respectively.
7. The device for testing the diffusion speed of a root signal substance of a plant according to claim 6, wherein: The bottom surfaces of the donor culture chamber (4) and the recipient culture chamber (5) are provided with multiple sets of water-permeable holes (910), and the bottom surfaces of the donor culture chamber (4) and the recipient culture chamber (5) are provided with gauze (911). The inner walls of the lower water injection pipe (902) and the upper water injection pipe (906) are provided with filter screens (912).