Tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a tunnel construction technical field provides a kind of tunnel waterproof and drainage structure, comprising: blind pipe structure, is arranged between the initial support and secondary lining of tunnel;Drainage ditch, is set below the inner rail surface of the tunnel and extends along tunnel axis direction;The water outlet of the blind pipe structure is communicated with the drainage ditch;Water passageway, is set in the two sides of the inner rail surface and extends along the tunnel axis direction;The notch elevation of the water passageway is lower than the inner rail surface and the groove bottom elevation is higher than the drainage ditch;The water passageway is communicated with the drainage ditch.Such setting, water flow circuitous path can be effectively shortened, and relatively, drainage ditch under inner rail surface can be provided with greater cross-sectional area, to reduce the influence of drainage cross section to drainage efficiency, realize the timely, effective removal of tunnel inner rail area water, ensure the service life and safety of tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel engineering, as a crucial component of modern transportation infrastructure, is widely used in railways, highways, subways, and other fields. However, tunnel construction and operation often face complex geological and hydrological conditions. Issues such as abundant groundwater, fractured rock strata, and well-developed tectonic fissures pose severe challenges to tunnel structural safety and long-term use. Drainage and waterproofing structures, as a core component of tunnel engineering, directly impact the tunnel's durability, safety, and operating costs through their design and implementation.

[0003] Existing tunnel drainage systems mostly rely on circumferential / longitudinal blind pipes to collect scattered seepage water from the surrounding rock, while water accumulation on the inner track surface mainly depends on open ditches for drainage. However, due to the limited cross-section of the open ditches and their long, winding paths, drainage on the inner track surface may not be timely, leading to water stagnation. This can cause water to seep into the tunnel interior, eroding the tunnel structure and affecting the tunnel's service life and safety.

[0004] Therefore, how to remove water from the track surface in a timely and effective manner to ensure the service life and safety of the tunnel has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model provides a tunnel drainage structure to solve the problem that water accumulation on the tunnel tracks is difficult to drain in time, which makes the tunnel structure susceptible to erosion. It can effectively and promptly remove water accumulation on the tunnel tracks, ensuring the tunnel's service life and safety.

[0006] This utility model provides a tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure, including:

[0007] Blind pipe structure, installed between the initial support and secondary lining of the tunnel;

[0008] A drainage ditch is provided below the inner rail surface of the tunnel and extends along the tunnel axis; the outlet end of the blind pipe structure is connected to the drainage ditch;

[0009] A water passage is provided on both sides of the inner rail surface and extends along the tunnel axis; the elevation of the opening of the water passage is lower than that of the inner rail surface and the elevation of the bottom of the water passage is higher than that of the drainage ditch; the water passage is connected to the drainage ditch.

[0010] According to the present invention, a tunnel drainage structure is provided, wherein side ditches are provided on both sides below the inner rail surface, and the water outlet of the blind pipe structure is connected to the side ditches.

[0011] The drainage ditch is located between the side ditches, and the elevation of the side ditches is higher than that of the drainage ditch and is connected to the drainage ditch.

[0012] According to the present invention, a waterproof layer is laid between the initial support and the secondary lining in a tunnel waterproofing structure.

[0013] The waterproof layer includes a geotextile layer laid on the initial support and a waterproof membrane laid on the geotextile layer; the blind pipe structure is arranged between the geotextile layer and the waterproof membrane.

[0014] According to the present invention, a tunnel drainage structure is provided, wherein the blind pipe structure includes:

[0015] A circumferential blind pipe is laid out along the circumference of the tunnel;

[0016] Longitudinal blind pipes are laid along the tunnel axis.

[0017] According to the present invention, in a tunnel drainage structure, the end of the circumferential blind pipe is connected to the side ditch via a bend joint and a first connecting pipe.

[0018] According to the present invention, a tunnel drainage structure is provided in which the longitudinal blind pipe is connected to the side ditch through a tee joint and a second connecting pipe.

[0019] According to the present invention, a tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure is provided in which the bottom side of the waterproofing membrane surrounds the longitudinal blind pipe in the opposite direction to form a covering space, and the longitudinal blind pipe is located within the covering space;

[0020] The enclosed space is filled with filter media, and the filter media is located above the longitudinal blind tube.

[0021] According to the present invention, a tunnel drainage structure is provided, wherein the filter filler comprises bagged crushed stone.

[0022] According to the present invention, in a tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure, the bottom side of the waterproofing membrane is connected to the initial support by a fastener.

[0023] According to the tunnel drainage structure provided by this utility model, the fixing component includes:

[0024] A pressure strip is pressed onto the waterproof membrane;

[0025] The fixing element has a large end at one end and the other end passes through the pressure strip and the waterproof membrane in sequence and enters the initial support. The large end is pressed onto the pressure strip.

[0026] The tunnel drainage structure provided by this utility model allows seepage water from structural joints such as construction joints and expansion joints into the initial support and secondary lining to be collected by the blind pipe structure and discharged into the drainage ditch. Water accumulated on the tunnel track surface flows into the water channel under gravity and then directly into the drainage ditch. The drainage ditch can collect and discharge the water introduced by the blind pipe structure and the water channel. Compared with related technologies, water accumulated on the tunnel track surface can flow into the water channel under gravity and then directly into the drainage ditch for centralized discharge. Compared with traditional open ditch drainage, this effectively shortens the water flow path. Furthermore, the drainage ditch located under the inner track surface can have a larger cross-sectional area, thereby reducing the impact of the drainage cross-section on drainage efficiency and achieving timely and effective removal of water accumulated on the tunnel track, ensuring the tunnel's service life and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the longitudinal blind pipe and the side trench provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the longitudinal blind pipe and the waterproof layer provided in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0031] Figure label:

[0032] 10. Blind pipe structure; 100. Circumferential blind pipe; 101. Longitudinal blind pipe; 102. Bend joint; 103. First connecting pipe; 104. T-joint; 105. Second connecting pipe; 11. Drainage ditch; 12. Water passage trough; 13. First drainage pipe; 14. Side ditch; 15. Second drainage pipe; 16. Waterproof layer; 160. Geotextile layer; 161. Waterproof membrane; 17. Filter filler; 18. Fasteners; 20. Initial support; 21. Secondary lining. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0034] To better understand the tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure provided in this utility model embodiment, its application background is first introduced. Tunnel engineering, as an important part of modern transportation infrastructure, is widely used in railways, highways, subways and other fields. As a core component of tunnel engineering, the design and implementation of waterproofing and drainage structure directly affects the durability, safety and operating cost of the tunnel.

[0035] Existing tunnel drainage systems mostly rely on circumferential / longitudinal blind pipes to collect scattered seepage water from the surrounding rock, while water accumulation on the inner track surface mainly depends on open ditches for drainage. However, due to the limited cross-section of the open ditches and their long, winding paths, drainage on the inner track surface may not be timely, leading to water stagnation. This can cause water to seep into the tunnel interior, eroding the tunnel structure and affecting the tunnel's service life and safety.

[0036] Therefore, how to remove water from the track surface in a timely and effective manner to ensure the service life and safety of the tunnel has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed.

[0037] Against the above background, this utility model provides a tunnel drainage structure that can promptly and effectively remove water accumulated on the track surface inside the tunnel, ensuring the service life and safety of the tunnel.

[0038] The following is combined with Figures 1-3 This invention describes the tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure.

[0039] Reference Figures 1 to 3 A tunnel drainage structure includes a blind pipe structure 10, a drainage ditch 11, and a water channel 12. The blind pipe structure 10 is arranged between the initial support 20 and the secondary lining 21 of the tunnel to collect and drain seepage water between the initial support 20 and the secondary lining 21. The drainage ditch 11 is located below the inner rail surface and extends along the tunnel axis, with the outlet end of the blind pipe structure 10 connected to the drainage ditch 11. The water channel 12 is located on both sides of the inner rail surface and extends along the tunnel axis. The elevation of the opening of the water channel 12 is lower than that of the inner rail surface, and the elevation of the bottom of the channel is higher than that of the drainage ditch 11. The water channel 12 is connected to the drainage ditch 11.

[0040] In practical applications, seepage water from structural joints such as construction joints and expansion joints into the space between the initial support 20 and the secondary lining 21 can be collected by the blind pipe structure 10 and discharged into the drainage ditch 11. Water accumulated on the tunnel track surface flows into the water channel 12 under gravity and then directly into the drainage ditch 11. The drainage ditch 11 can collect and discharge the water introduced by the blind pipe structure 10 and the water channel 12. Compared to related technologies, water accumulated on the tunnel track surface can flow into the water channel 12 under gravity and then directly into the drainage ditch 11, where it is then discharged. Compared to traditional open ditch drainage, this effectively shortens the water flow path. Furthermore, the drainage ditch 11, located under the inner track surface, can have a larger cross-sectional area, thereby reducing the impact of the drainage cross-section on drainage efficiency and achieving timely and effective removal of water accumulated on the tunnel track surface, ensuring the tunnel's service life and safety.

[0041] In one embodiment of this utility model, water channels 12 are disposed on both sides of the inner rail surface, and drainage ditch 11 is located between the two water channels 12. With this arrangement, in a double-track tunnel, the tunnel cross-section is relatively large, and the water accumulated on the inner rail surface can flow into the water channels 12 from both sides, and then flow into the drainage ditch 11 from the water channels 12, which helps to improve drainage efficiency.

[0042] In one embodiment of this utility model, the water passage 12 and the drainage ditch 11 are connected by a first drain pipe 13, and multiple first drain pipes 13 are arranged at intervals along the length of the water passage 12. This arrangement allows the accumulated water in the water passage 12 to be quickly drained into the drainage ditch 11 through multiple first drain pipes 13, which helps to further improve drainage efficiency.

[0043] In one embodiment of this utility model, a perforated cover plate, filter plate, filter screen and other filtration structures can be provided at the opening of the water tank 12 to reduce the problem of drainage structure blockage caused by the deposition of impurities in the water.

[0044] In one embodiment of this utility model, side ditches 14 are provided on both sides below the inner rail surface, extending along the tunnel axis. The outlet end of the blind pipe structure 10 is connected to the side ditches 14. A drainage ditch 11 is located between the two side ditches 14, with the elevation of the side ditches 14 being higher than that of the drainage ditch 11 and connected to it. With this arrangement, in a double-track tunnel with a relatively large tunnel cross-section, the seepage water collected by the blind pipe structure 10 first converges in the side ditches 14 on both sides, and then is discharged from the side ditches 14 into the central ditch for centralized discharge, which helps to improve drainage efficiency.

[0045] In one embodiment of this utility model, the side ditch 14 and the drainage ditch 11 are connected by a second drainage pipe 15, and multiple second drainage pipes 15 are arranged at intervals along the length of the drainage ditch 11. This arrangement allows the accumulated water in the side ditch 14 to be quickly drained into the drainage ditch 11 through multiple second drainage pipes 15, which helps to further improve drainage efficiency.

[0046] In one embodiment of this utility model, a waterproof layer 16 is laid between the initial support 20 and the secondary lining 21. The waterproof layer 16 can form a continuous waterproof barrier between the initial support 20 and the secondary lining 21, preventing water from seeping into the tunnel.

[0047] Specifically, the waterproof layer 16 includes a geotextile layer 160 and a waterproof membrane 161; the geotextile layer 160 is laid on the initial support 20, and the waterproof membrane 161 is laid on the geotextile layer 160. This arrangement prevents the waterproof membrane 161 from directly contacting the initial support 20, protecting it from damage, while also providing filtration, drainage, and water conduction functions. The waterproof membrane 161 can be made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or other materials, which have excellent impermeability, preventing moisture from penetrating into the secondary lining 21.

[0048] It should be noted that the specific laying method of geotextile layer 160 and waterproof membrane 161 can refer to existing technology. For example, the geotextile layer 160 can be nailed to the initial support 20 with rivets with hot melt backing, and then the waterproof membrane 161 and the hot melt backing can be bonded together by hot melt bonding, thereby realizing the laying of waterproof layer 16.

[0049] In one embodiment of this utility model, the blind pipe structure 10 is disposed between the geotextile layer 160 and the waterproof membrane 161 for collecting and draining seepage water.

[0050] Specifically, the blind pipe structure 10 includes circumferential blind pipes 100 and longitudinal blind pipes 101. The circumferential blind pipes 100 are arranged circumferentially along the tunnel and are spaced apart along the tunnel axis. Specifically, the circumferential blind pipes 100 are located near the circumferential structural joints (e.g., construction joints, expansion joints) of the tunnel, and can collect and drain water seeping into the circumferential structural joints. The longitudinal blind pipes 101 are arranged along the tunnel axis. Specifically, the longitudinal blind pipes 101 are located on both sides of the tunnel and near the longitudinal construction joints, and can collect and drain water seeping into the longitudinal structural joints.

[0051] In some alternative embodiments, the circumferential blind pipe 100 and the longitudinal blind pipe 101 can be connected to form a drainage network. Alternatively, the circumferential blind pipe 100 and the longitudinal blind pipe 101 can be set up independently, allowing each to perform its own function. In this embodiment, the circumferential blind pipe 100 and the longitudinal blind pipe 101 are set up independently.

[0052] To facilitate the connection between the circumferential blind pipe 100 and the longitudinal blind pipe 101 and the side ditch 14, in one embodiment of this utility model, the end of the circumferential blind pipe 100 is connected to a first connecting pipe 103 via a bend connector 102, and the other end of the first connecting pipe 103 relative to the circumferential blind pipe 100 is connected to the side ditch 14. The longitudinal blind pipe 101 has a segmented structure, with adjacent segments of the longitudinal blind pipe 101 connected through two of the interfaces of a tee connector 104, and the other interface of the tee connector 104 is connected to a second connecting pipe 105, the other end of the second connecting pipe 105 relative to the longitudinal blind pipe 101 being connected to the side ditch 14.

[0053] In one embodiment of this utility model, the bottom side of the waterproof membrane 161 surrounds the longitudinal blind pipe 101 in the opposite direction to form a covering space, and the longitudinal blind pipe 101 is located within the covering space; the covering space is filled with filter packing 17, and the filter packing 17 is located above the longitudinal blind pipe 101. With this arrangement, the filter packing 17 can not only filter the seepage water entering the longitudinal blind pipe 101, preventing the accumulation of silt in the water from clogging the drainage structure, but also press down on the longitudinal blind pipe 101 to prevent it from floating, thus fixing the position of the longitudinal blind pipe 101 and ensuring its water collection and drainage effect.

[0054] Specifically, the filter media 17 can be bagged crushed stone.

[0055] In one embodiment of this utility model, the bottom side of the waterproof membrane 161 is connected to the initial support 20 by a fastener 18, thereby achieving stable coverage and support for the longitudinal blind pipe 101 and the filter filler 17.

[0056] Specifically, the fastener 18 includes a pressure strip and a fixing element; the pressure strip is pressed onto the waterproof membrane 161; one end of the fixing element has a large end, and the other end passes through the pressure strip and the waterproof membrane 161 in sequence and enters the initial support 20, with the large end of the fixing element pressed onto the pressure strip. With this arrangement, the bottom of the waterproof membrane 161 can be firmly connected to the initial support 20 through the fixing element and the pressure strip.

[0057] Specifically, rivets can be used to fix the components.

[0058] It is understood that, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples.

[0059] The tunnel waterproofing structure provided by this utility model embodiment allows seepage water from structural joints such as construction joints and expansion joints into the space between the initial support 20 and the secondary lining 21 to be collected by the blind pipe structure 10 and discharged into the drainage ditch 11. Water accumulated on the tunnel track surface flows into the water channel 12 under gravity and then directly into the drainage ditch 11. The drainage ditch 11 can collect and discharge the water introduced by the blind pipe structure 10 and the water channel 12. Compared to related technologies, water accumulated on the tunnel track surface can flow into the water channel 12 under gravity and then directly into the drainage ditch 11, where it is then discharged. Compared to traditional open ditch drainage, this effectively shortens the water flow path. Furthermore, the drainage ditch 11 located under the inner track surface can have a larger cross-sectional area, thereby reducing the impact of the drainage cross-section on drainage efficiency and achieving timely and effective removal of water accumulated on the tunnel track surface, ensuring the tunnel's service life and safety.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure, characterized in that, include: The blind pipe structure (10) is installed between the initial support (20) and the secondary lining (21) of the tunnel; A drainage ditch (11) is provided below the inner rail surface of the tunnel and extends along the tunnel axis; the outlet end of the blind pipe structure (10) is connected to the drainage ditch (11); A water passage (12) is provided on both sides of the inner rail surface and extends along the tunnel axis; the elevation of the opening of the water passage (12) is lower than that of the inner rail surface and the elevation of the bottom of the passage is higher than that of the drainage ditch (11); the water passage (12) is connected to the drainage ditch (11).

2. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Side grooves (14) are provided on both sides below the inner rail surface, and the water outlet of the blind pipe structure (10) is connected to the side grooves (14); The drainage ditch (11) is located between the side ditches (14), and the elevation of the side ditches (14) is higher than that of the drainage ditch (11) and is connected to the drainage ditch (11).

3. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, A waterproof layer (16) is laid between the initial support (20) and the secondary lining (21); The waterproof layer (16) includes a geotextile layer (160) laid on the initial support (20) and a waterproof membrane (161) laid on the geotextile layer (160); the blind pipe structure (10) is arranged between the geotextile layer (160) and the waterproof membrane (161).

4. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The blind tube structure (10) includes: A circumferential blind pipe (100) is laid out circumferentially along the tunnel; A longitudinal blind pipe (101) is laid along the tunnel axis.

5. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the circumferential blind pipe (100) is connected to the side ditch (14) via a bend joint (102) and a first connecting pipe (103).

6. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The longitudinal blind pipe (101) is connected to the side trench (14) via a tee connector (104) and a second connecting pipe (105).

7. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that, The bottom side of the waterproof membrane (161) surrounds the longitudinal blind tube (101) in the opposite direction to form a covering space, and the longitudinal blind tube (101) is located within the covering space; The enclosed space is filled with filter media (17), and the filter media (17) is located above the longitudinal blind tube (101).

8. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The filter media (17) includes bagged crushed stone.

9. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bottom side of the waterproof membrane (161) is connected to the initial support (20) by a fastener (18).

10. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The fastener (18) includes: A pressure strip is pressed onto the waterproof membrane (161); The fixing element has a large end at one end and the other end passes through the pressure strip and the waterproof plate (161) in sequence and enters the initial support (20). The large end is pressed onto the pressure strip.

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