Battery box, battery pack, and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a battery box, a battery pack and a vehicle. The battery box comprises a side wall plate. The battery box is provided with an inner chamber. The side wall plate is arranged along the circumference of the inner chamber. The inner chamber is divided into a cell cavity and an exhaust cavity. A first exhaust passage and a box explosion-proof valve are arranged on the side wall plate. The first exhaust passage is connected with the cell cavity and the exhaust cavity respectively. The box explosion-proof valve is used for connecting the exhaust cavity with an external space of the battery box. A filtering structure is arranged in the exhaust cavity and connected with the first exhaust passage. The battery box can effectively filter the smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the cell, thereby reducing the environmental pollution caused by the thermal runaway of the battery box.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery pack technology, and in particular to a battery housing, a battery pack, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] When a battery pack experiences thermal runaway, a large amount of smoke is ejected from the cell's explosion-proof valve. The smoke includes gases, liquids, and particulate matter. The smoke is toxic, corrosive, flammable, and explosive. The smoke is directly discharged from the battery pack, causing serious environmental hazards. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this application is to solve the aforementioned technical problems by providing a battery housing, battery pack, and vehicle, thereby enabling the battery housing to effectively filter fumes generated by the battery cells due to thermal runaway, and reducing environmental pollution caused by thermal runaway of the battery housing. To achieve the above objective, the technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a battery box, including a side panel, the battery box having an inner cavity, the side panel being arranged circumferentially along the inner cavity, the inner cavity being divided into a cell cavity and an exhaust cavity, the side panel being separately provided with a first exhaust channel and a box explosion-proof valve, the first exhaust channel being connected to the cell cavity and the exhaust cavity respectively, the box explosion-proof valve being used to connect the exhaust cavity and the external space of the battery box, and a filter structure being provided in the exhaust cavity, the filter structure being connected to the first exhaust channel.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the filter structure includes a filter frame and a filter element. The filter frame includes a through cavity, and a first exhaust channel communicates with the exhaust cavity through the through cavity. The filter element is disposed on the circumferential cavity wall of the through cavity.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the first exhaust passage includes a first outlet, which communicates with the exhaust chamber, and a filter structure is circumferentially sealed to the side panel along the first outlet.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the first exhaust channel includes a first inlet, which is connected to the cell cavity, and a first filter section covering the first inlet is provided on the side panel.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the side panel includes side beams, a first end beam, and a second end beam arranged at relatively intervals. The first end beam and the second end beam are respectively disposed at both ends of the side beams. A crossbeam is connected to the first end beam, and the inner cavity of the box is divided into a cell cavity and an exhaust cavity by the crossbeam.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the exhaust chambers are located on both sides of the centerline of the battery box, and the first exhaust channels are respectively disposed on the opposite side beams and extend into the first end beam.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the battery housing further includes a base plate, on which a second exhaust channel is provided. The second exhaust channel is connected to the cell cavity and the external space of the battery housing, and a second filter is provided inside the second exhaust channel.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the second exhaust channel includes a second inlet and a second outlet. The second inlet is located at the top of the base plate and faces the cell cavity, while the second outlet is located at the edge of the base plate.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a battery pack, including the aforementioned battery housing and battery cells, with the battery cells disposed within the battery housing.

[0013] Thirdly, this application provides a vehicle including the aforementioned battery pack.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this application on the battery box, battery pack, and vehicle are mainly reflected in:

[0015] Smoke is discharged from the first exhaust channel and enters the exhaust chamber through the filter structure. The filter structure can effectively filter and purify the smoke. The filtered smoke effectively reduces the particulate matter content, while reducing the toxicity and corrosiveness of the gas and liquid, thereby reducing the risk of flammability and explosion and reducing environmental harm. The filter structure is set in the exhaust chamber. Compared with the method of filtering smoke directly in the first exhaust channel, the way smoke is discharged from the exhaust chamber has a larger space volume to process the smoke, effectively intercepting pollutants in the smoke and achieving the purpose of fully filtering and purifying the smoke. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery box provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the filter structure before assembly in one embodiment.

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the assembled filter structure in one embodiment.

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The filter structure shown is a schematic diagram of one embodiment;

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The first filter section shown is a structural schematic diagram of one embodiment;

[0021] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of one embodiment of the base plate;

[0022] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional view of the base plate in one embodiment.

[0023] Figure label:

[0024] Battery housing 1, inner cavity 11, side panel 12, cell cavity 13, exhaust cavity 14, explosion-proof valve 15, bottom plate 16;

[0025] First exhaust passage 2, first outlet 21, first inlet 22, first filter section 23, first filter screen 24;

[0026] Filter structure 3, filter frame 31, filter element 32, through cavity 33, sealing element 34;

[0027] Side beam 41, first end beam 42, second end beam 43, cross beam 44, first beam body 45, second beam body 46;

[0028] Second exhaust channel 5, second filter section 51, second inlet 52, second outlet 53, second filter screen 54, filter cotton 55. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the exemplary embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] This embodiment provides a battery box 1, the interior of which forms an inner cavity 11. The battery box 1 includes side panels 12 arranged circumferentially along the inner cavity 11. The battery box 1 also includes a bottom plate 16 and a top plate (not shown in the figure) disposed above the bottom plate 16. The bottom plate 16, the top plate, and the side panels 12 together enclose the inner cavity 11. The inner cavity 11 is divided into a cell cavity 13 and an exhaust cavity 14. The cell cavity 13 is used to hold multiple cells. When a cell experiences thermal runaway, the cell is discharged from a cell explosion-proof valve. Smoke escapes from the cell cavity 13 into the external space of the battery box 1, causing environmental pollution. To prevent smoke from directly escaping into the external space of the battery box 1, it is necessary to filter or purify the smoke. Due to the limited internal space of the side panel 12, it is not possible to effectively install the filter structure 3, and the filter structure 3 should not occupy too much space in the cell cavity 13. In this embodiment, the filter structure 3 is placed in the exhaust chamber 14. The filter structure 3 can fully and effectively filter the smoke emitted from the cell cavity 13, which will be described in detail below. Here, the width direction of the battery box 1 is defined as the first direction, and the length direction of the battery box 1 is defined as the second direction.

[0032] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the side panel 12 is provided with a first exhaust channel 2 and a box explosion-proof valve 15. The first exhaust channel 2 is connected to the cell cavity 13 and the exhaust cavity 14 respectively. The box explosion-proof valve 15 is used to connect the exhaust cavity 14 and the external space of the battery box 1. The exhaust cavity 14 is provided with a filter structure 3, which is connected to the first exhaust channel 2.

[0033] The first exhaust channel 2 and the explosion-proof valve 15 of the enclosure are not connected inside the side panel 12. That is, the smoke in the first exhaust channel 2 will not directly impact the explosion-proof valve 15 from the side panel 12. Instead, the smoke enters the exhaust chamber 14 from the first exhaust channel 2 and is then discharged through the explosion-proof valve 15. The filter structure 3 is set inside the exhaust chamber 14. On the one hand, this increases the area that the filter structure 3 can trap and filter smoke. On the other hand, it avoids the problem that placing the filter structure 3 inside the side panel 12 would be inconvenient for installation and would result in a smaller area for trapping and filtering smoke.

[0034] For example, the cross-sectional dimensions of the first exhaust channel 2 are adapted to the cross-sectional dimensions of the side panel 12, so that the first exhaust channel 2 is disposed on the inner wall of the side panel 12 with the largest possible area, which is conducive to the rapid discharge of smoke and increases the smoke flow rate. The cross-sectional structure of the side panel 12 can be rectangular, circular or polygonal. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional structure of the side panel 12 is rectangular, which can realize the arrangement of the first exhaust channel 2.

[0035] Specifically, the cell explosion-proof valve of the battery cell can be set towards the side panel 12. When the battery cell in the cell cavity 13 experiences thermal runaway, the smoke generated by the battery cell enters the first exhaust channel 2 from the cell cavity 13, enters the filter structure 3 through the first exhaust channel 2, enters the exhaust chamber 14 through the filter structure 3, and then exits through the explosion-proof valve 15 of the box through the exhaust chamber 14, so as to effectively filter and purify the smoke in the cell cavity 13 and then discharge it to the external space of the battery box 1.

[0036] Smoke is discharged from the first exhaust channel 2 and enters the exhaust chamber 14 through the filter structure 3. The filter structure 3 can effectively filter and purify smoke. The filtered smoke effectively reduces the particulate matter content, while reducing the toxicity and corrosiveness of the gas and liquid, thereby reducing the risk of flammability and explosion and reducing the harm to the environment. The filter structure 3 is set in the exhaust chamber 14. Compared with the method of smoke being filtered directly in the first exhaust channel 2, the way smoke is discharged from the exhaust chamber 14 has a larger space volume to process smoke, effectively intercepting pollutants in the smoke and achieving the purpose of fully filtering and purifying the smoke.

[0037] In one embodiment, the filter structure 3 includes a filter frame 31 and a filter element 32. The filter frame 31 includes a through cavity 33. The first exhaust channel 2 is connected to the exhaust cavity 14 through the through cavity 33. The filter element 32 is formed by bending on the circumferential cavity wall of the through cavity 33.

[0038] Among them, such as Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, a crossbeam 44 is arranged along the first direction in the inner cavity 11 of the box, dividing the inner cavity 11 into a cell cavity 13 and an exhaust cavity 14; the crossbeam 44 includes a first beam 45 and a second beam 46, which are connected with part of the side panel 12 to form the exhaust cavity 14. The first beam 45 and the second beam 46 are perpendicularly connected. The first beam 45 is arranged along the first direction, and the second beam 46 is arranged along the second direction. The first beam 45 and the side panel 12 are connected to form an angle with the exhaust cavity 14, and the exhaust cavity 14 has an approximately right-angled triangular structure; correspondingly, the filter frame 31 has an approximately right-angled trapezoidal structure. The bottom of filter frame 31 abuts against the first beam 45, the right-angle waist of filter frame 31 is spaced apart from the second beam 46, and the bottom corner of filter frame 31 is engaged with the included angle of exhaust chamber 14; filter frame 31, crossbeam 44 and side panel 12 can be connected and fixed by screwing, welding, bonding and other methods. The matching installation method of filter frame 31 and exhaust chamber 14 provides a stable installation foundation for filter frame 31, ensures the stability of filter frame 31 in exhaust chamber 14, and avoids filter frame 31 from leaving its original installation position when thermal runaway of battery cell occurs, causing structural failure of filter structure 3, and causing smoke to be directly discharged from the explosion-proof valve 15 of the box.

[0039] For example, the filter frame 31 includes a through cavity 33, which is disposed through the filter frame 31. That is, one end of the through cavity 33 is the right-angle waist of the filter frame 31, and the other end of the through cavity 33 is the inclined waist of the filter frame 31. One end of the through cavity 33 is connected to the first exhaust channel 2, and the flow direction of the smoke in the through cavity 33 is from the inclined waist of the filter frame 31 toward the right-angle waist.

[0040] A filter element 32 is installed on the wall of the through cavity 33. Multiple filter elements 32 are arranged sequentially and at intervals along the flow direction of smoke within the through cavity 33, achieving multi-effect filtration of the filter structure 3. The filter elements 32 can be made of flexible material and are formed by bending into multiple pleats to increase the filtration area. The circumferential direction of the filter element 32 is connected to the circumferential direction of the wall of the through cavity 33 to achieve maximum smoke filtration area within the through cavity 33. The spacing between adjacent filter elements 32 is adapted to the upper bottom length of the filter frame 31. A reasonable arrangement of the number and position of the filter elements 32 achieves sufficient filtration and purification of smoke, avoiding smoke blockage in the filter structure 3.

[0041] In one embodiment, the first exhaust passage 2 includes a first outlet 21, which communicates with the exhaust chamber 14, and the end of the filter frame 31 is circumferentially sealed to the side panel 12 along the first outlet 21.

[0042] The first outlet 21 corresponds to the inclined waist of the filter frame 31, meaning the port area of ​​the through cavity 33 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the first outlet 21, allowing smoke to smoothly enter the through cavity 33 from the first outlet 21. The explosion-proof valve 15 of the housing is spaced apart from the first outlet 21 and avoids the filter structure 3. A sealing element 34 is provided between the end of the filter frame 31 and the side panel 12. The sealing element 34 is arranged circumferentially along the first outlet 21 to achieve a seal between the filter frame 31 and the side panel 12. The smoke discharged from the first exhaust channel 2 will not directly enter the exhaust chamber 14, but will enter the exhaust chamber 14 through the filter structure 3, thus achieving the effective filtration purpose of the filter structure 3.

[0043] In one embodiment, the first exhaust channel 2 includes a first inlet 22, which is connected to the cell cavity 13, and a first filter section 23 covering the first inlet 22 is provided on the side panel 12.

[0044] like Figure 5As shown, there can be multiple first inlets 22. The first filter section 23 abuts against the side panel 12 and covers multiple first inlets 22. The first filter section 23 is arranged facing the cell cavity 13. The smoke in the cell cavity 13 enters the first inlet 22 after passing through the first filter section 23. The first filter section 23 includes a first filter screen 24, which has the function of initially filtering the smoke and intercepting most of the particulate matter in the smoke. After the smoke is initially filtered, it passes through the filter structure 3 again to achieve dual-effect filtration and further improve the filtration effect.

[0045] In one embodiment, the side panel 12 includes a side beam 41, a first end beam 42 and a second end beam 43 that are spaced apart from each other. The first end beam 42 and the second end beam 43 are respectively disposed at both ends of the side beam 41. A crossbeam 44 is connected to the first end beam 42. The inner cavity 11 of the box is divided into a cell cavity 13 and an exhaust cavity 14 by the crossbeam 44.

[0046] Among them, the crossbeam 44 divides the inner cavity 11 of the box into the cell cavity 13 and the exhaust cavity 14. The crossbeam 44 can strengthen the structural strength of the battery box 1. The two side beams 41 can be arranged in parallel, the second end beam 43 and the crossbeam 44 can be arranged in parallel, and multiple cells can be arranged in an array in the cell cavity 13.

[0047] In one embodiment, the exhaust chamber 14 is located on both sides of the centerline of the battery box 1, and the first exhaust channel 2 is respectively disposed on the opposite side beam 41 and extends into the first end beam 42.

[0048] The first exhaust channel 2 can be arranged on the two side beams 41 and the first end beam 42 respectively, increasing the arrangement area of ​​the first exhaust channel 2 and improving the flow area of ​​smoke, which can efficiently discharge the smoke in the cell cavity 13; the battery box 1 is provided with two exhaust chambers 14, which can also improve the efficiency of smoke discharge from the cell cavity 13, thereby improving the filtration efficiency of smoke in the filter structure 3.

[0049] In one embodiment, a second exhaust channel 5 is provided on the base plate 16. The second exhaust channel 5 is connected to the external space of the cell cavity 13 and the battery box 1 respectively. A second filter section 51 is provided inside the second exhaust channel 5.

[0050] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the cell explosion-proof valve of the battery cell can be positioned towards the base plate 16. When the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, smoke enters the second exhaust channel 5 from the cell cavity 13. The second filter section 51 filters and purifies the smoke until it is discharged from the base plate 16. Depending on the position of the cell explosion-proof valve, it can face either the side panel 12 or the base plate 16, thus effectively discharging smoke in cases of thermal runaway in different types of battery cells.

[0051] The second exhaust channel 5 includes multiple sub-channels (not marked in the figure) and a collection channel. The multiple sub-channels are connected to the collection channel. The multiple sub-channels extend along the second direction. One end of the sub-channel faces the first end beam 42, and the other end of the sub-channel faces the second end beam 43. A collection channel is provided between the sub-channels and the second end beam 43. The collection channel is arranged along the first direction, and a second filter section 51 is provided inside the collection channel.

[0052] The second filtration section 51 consists of a second filter screen 54 and / or filter cotton 55. Smoke from multiple sub-channels enters the collecting channel, and the second filtration section 51 is used to filter and purify the smoke. In this embodiment, the second filtration section 51 consists of a second filter screen 54 and filter cotton 55. The second filter screen 54 and filter cotton 55 are arranged adjacent to each other. The second filter screen 54 corresponds to multiple sub-channels, and the filter cotton 55 corresponds to the second end beam 43. The smoke passes through the second filter screen 54 and filter cotton 55 in sequence for thorough filtration.

[0053] In one embodiment, the second exhaust channel 5 includes a second inlet 52 and a second outlet 53. The second inlet 52 is disposed on the top of the base plate 16 and faces the cell cavity 13, and the second outlet 53 is disposed on the edge of the base plate 16.

[0054] For example, the second outlet 53 is connected to the collection channel. The smoke discharged from the cell explosion-proof valve of the battery cell can directly enter the second exhaust channel 5 from the second inlet 52, and after being filtered, it is discharged from the second outlet 53. The second exhaust channel 5 effectively discharges the smoke to the external space of the battery box 1 through a set path. There can be multiple second outlets 53 to improve the efficiency of smoke discharge from the second exhaust channel 5; correspondingly, an explosion-proof valve for the box can also be installed on the collection channel.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] This embodiment provides a battery pack, including the battery housing 1 and battery cells as described in the above embodiment. The battery cells are disposed in the battery cell cavity 13, and the battery cell explosion-proof valves are positioned facing the base plate 16 and / or the side panel 12. The battery pack possesses the beneficial effects of the battery housing 1, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] This embodiment provides a vehicle including the battery pack described in the above embodiment. The vehicle also possesses the beneficial effects of the battery housing 1, which will not be elaborated here.

[0059] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "top" and "bottom" generally refer to the relative "top" and "bottom" of the corresponding component in the direction of gravity when it is in use. "Inner" and "outer" refer to the "inner" and "outer" relative to the contour of the corresponding component itself.

[0060] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. In this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "joined," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0061] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0062] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized by: The battery box includes a side panel (12) and an inner cavity (11). The side panel (12) is arranged around the inner cavity (11). The inner cavity (11) is divided to form a cell cavity (13) and an exhaust cavity (14). A first exhaust channel (2) and a box explosion-proof valve (15) are arranged on the side panel (12). The first exhaust channel (2) connects the cell cavity (13) and the exhaust cavity (14) respectively. The box explosion-proof valve (15) is used to connect the exhaust cavity (14) and the external space of the battery box. A filter structure (3) is arranged in the exhaust cavity (14). The filter structure (3) is connected to the first exhaust channel (2).

2. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein: The filter structure (3) includes a filter frame (31) and a filter element (32). The filter frame (31) includes a through cavity (33). The first exhaust channel (2) is connected to the exhaust cavity (14) through the through cavity (33). The filter element (32) is disposed on the circumferential cavity wall of the through cavity (33).

3. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein: The first exhaust passage (2) includes a first outlet (21), which is connected to the exhaust chamber (14), and the filter structure (3) is circumferentially sealed to the side panel (12) along the first outlet (21).

4. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein: The first exhaust channel (2) includes a first inlet (22), which is connected to the cell cavity (13), and a first filter (23) covering the first inlet (22) is provided on the side panel (12).

5. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein: The side panel (12) includes a side beam (41), a first end beam (42), and a second end beam (43) arranged at relatively intervals. The first end beam (42) and the second end beam (43) are respectively arranged at both ends of the side beam (41). A crossbeam (44) is connected to the first end beam (42). The inner cavity (11) of the box is divided into the cell cavity (13) and the exhaust cavity (14) by the crossbeam (44).

6. The battery pack of claim 5, wherein: The exhaust chamber (14) is located on both sides of the center line of the battery box, and the first exhaust channel (2) is respectively disposed on the opposite side beam (41) and extends into the first end beam (42).

7. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein: The battery box also includes a base plate (16), on which a second exhaust channel (5) is provided. The second exhaust channel (5) is connected to the cell cavity (13) and the external space of the battery box, respectively. A second filter (51) is provided in the second exhaust channel (5).

8. The battery pack of claim 7, wherein: The second exhaust channel (5) includes a second inlet (52) and a second outlet (53). The second inlet (52) is located on the top of the base plate (16) and faces the cell cavity (13). The second outlet (53) is located on the edge of the base plate (16).

9. A battery pack, characterized by: It includes a battery housing and a battery cell as described in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the battery cell is disposed in the battery housing.

10. A vehicle characterized by: Includes the battery pack as described in claim 9.

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