A vapor chamber structure with pressure isolation and directional flow function
By introducing a composite layer design of pressure isolation zone and directional flow zone into the heat spreader, the problems of low working fluid reflux efficiency and insufficient structural stability are solved, achieving efficient working fluid circulation and temperature uniformity, and improving heat dissipation performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUIZHOU AONUOJI HEAT DISSIPATION TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Traditional vapor chambers suffer from discontinuity of working fluid under high load conditions and lack an independent flow-guiding structure to accelerate the reflux of condensed working fluid, resulting in low working fluid reflux efficiency, insufficient structural stability, inability to optimize the working fluid flow path, and uneven temperature distribution.
The design employs a composite layer of pressure isolation zone and directional flow diversion zone. The pressure isolation zone uses a rigid support structure to block the pressure in the steam chamber, while the directional flow diversion zone uses a network of guiding channels to accelerate the return of the working fluid, thus achieving dynamic matching between pressure isolation in the steam chamber and directional flow diversion of the working fluid.
It improves the working fluid reflux efficiency, enhances structural stability, optimizes temperature distribution, reduces thermal resistance, and improves overall heat dissipation performance.
Smart Images
Figure CN224385940U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of heat dissipation technology for electronic devices, specifically to a heat dissipation vapor chamber structure for high-power electronic devices, and in particular a thin heat dissipation vapor chamber that achieves pressure isolation and directional flow of working fluid through a pressure-flow-drainage composite layer. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing power density of electronic devices, heat dissipation has become an increasingly prominent issue. Traditional heat spreaders dissipate heat by adsorbing the working fluid through capillary structures and utilizing phase change heat transfer, but they suffer from the following problems under high-load conditions:
[0003] Deformation of the working fluid surface under pressure inside the capillary: The working fluid inside the capillary core is interrupted due to the pressure transmission in the steam chamber, and there is a lack of an independent flow-guiding structure to accelerate the reflux of the condensed working fluid.
[0004] Low working fluid reflux efficiency: The working fluid relies on passive diffusion to reflux to the heating area, and the path is unclear, which can easily cause working fluid reflux lag and local overheating.
[0005] Insufficient structural stability: The support column design is too simple and cannot optimize the flow path of the working fluid, resulting in uneven temperature distribution.
[0006] In existing vapor chamber designs, the pressure in the vapor chamber directly affects the capillary structure, causing an interruption in the working fluid's continuity. Simultaneously, the working fluid recirculation relies on passive diffusion and lacks a directional flow guidance mechanism. There is an urgent need for a solution that can simultaneously isolate pressure and actively guide the working fluid recirculation. Utility Model Content
[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a heat spreader structure, which achieves dynamic matching between pressure isolation of the steam chamber and directional flow of the working fluid through the coordinated design of the pressure isolation zone and the directional flow zone in the pressure-flow composite layer, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency and structural stability.
[0008] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0009] A heat spreader structure with pressure isolation and directional flow diversion functions includes a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a capillary core, and a pressure-drainage composite layer. The first cover plate is configured as a contact heating device. The second cover plate is disposed opposite to the first cover plate, and its inner surface is provided with a support component. The capillary core is disposed between the two cover plates for adsorbing and transporting the working fluid. The pressure-drainage composite layer is located between the capillary core and the second cover plate, and includes alternating pressure isolation zones and directional flow diversion zones. The support component connects the second cover plate and the pressure-drainage composite layer to form a vapor diffusion chamber. The pressure isolation zone is a rigid support structure used to withstand the pressure of the vapor chamber and block its transfer to the working fluid in the capillary core. The directional flow diversion zone is a network of guiding channels, which accelerates the return of the condensed working fluid on the surface of the pressure-drainage composite layer to the capillary core and works in conjunction with the pressure isolation zone to control the working fluid circulation path.
[0010] By dividing the functions of the pressure isolation zone and the directional flow guiding zone, this structure achieves active isolation of the steam chamber pressure and precise control of the working fluid circulation path. The rigid support structure of the pressure isolation zone effectively disperses the high pressure in the steam chamber, preventing the vapor pressure from disrupting the continuity of the liquid working fluid within the capillary core, thereby maintaining the long-term stability of the vapor chamber. The flow guiding channel network in the directional flow guiding zone, through the synergistic effect of capillary force and pressure difference, accelerates the return of the condensed working fluid to the adsorption end of the heating zone in the capillary core, significantly improving the working fluid return efficiency. The synergistic effect of these two zones solves the problem of balancing working fluid circulation efficiency and pressure stability in traditional vapor chambers. For example, under high-temperature and high-load conditions, the pressure isolation zone can prevent the steam chamber pressure from impacting the working fluid within the capillary core, while the directional flow guiding zone ensures rapid return of the working fluid by optimizing the flow guiding path, avoiding localized overheating caused by delayed return of the working fluid. Furthermore, the alternating distribution design of the pressure-flow guiding composite layer makes the pressure distribution within the steam diffusion chamber more uniform, further reducing thermal resistance and improving overall heat dissipation performance.
[0011] Preferably, the pressure isolation zone is plate-shaped, honeycomb-shaped, radial, or wavy, and the directional drainage zone is distributed along the gaps of the pressure isolation zone to form a continuous working fluid return channel.
[0012] The plate-like, honeycomb-like, radial, or corrugated designs of the pressure isolation zone significantly enhance the structure's pressure resistance through geometric optimization. For example, the honeycomb structure, with its porous arrangement forming a high-strength support frame, can evenly distribute the pressure in the steam chamber and avoid localized stress concentration. The radial structure, with its ribs extending outward from the center, provides rigid support while creating flow-guiding gaps, allowing the directional flow-guiding zone to extend naturally along the gaps, forming a continuous working fluid return channel. The corrugated structure further reduces the working fluid flow resistance through curved transitions, while increasing the contact area between the pressure isolation zone and the working fluid, thus improving heat exchange efficiency. The layout of the directional flow-guiding zone distributed along the gaps in the pressure isolation zone not only makes full use of the spatial resources of the structural gaps but also reduces energy loss during the working fluid return process through path optimization. For example, in a radial pressure isolation zone, the flow-guiding channel of the directional flow-guiding zone can extend radially along the rib gaps, allowing the working fluid to quickly return from the edge of the steam diffusion chamber to the center of the capillary core, achieving symmetry and high efficiency in the working fluid circulation path.
[0013] Preferably, the support component is a solid guide column or a hollow guide column, and the inner wall of the hollow guide column is provided with a spiral guide groove to guide the steam to diffuse along a preset swirling direction.
[0014] The hollow guide column design reduces structural weight through its internal cavity while providing an additional channel for working fluid flow, avoiding the obstruction of working fluid diffusion inherent in traditional solid support columns. The spiral guide grooves on the inner wall guide the working fluid to flow in a predetermined direction through a swirling effect; for example, clockwise or counterclockwise swirling increases the residence time of the working fluid within the cavity, improving heat exchange efficiency. The geometric design of the spiral grooves also generates centrifugal force during the working fluid flow, causing condensate droplets to move towards the periphery of the cavity and then quickly return through the directional flow zone, reducing the residue of the working fluid in the vapor diffusion chamber. Furthermore, the spiral structure of the hollow guide column enhances the directionality of the working fluid flow, avoiding localized pressure fluctuations caused by disordered diffusion, thereby improving the temperature uniformity of the vapor chamber. For example, under high-power operating conditions of the heating device, the spiral guide grooves can uniformly disperse high-temperature steam throughout the entire vapor diffusion chamber and accelerate the separation and return of the working fluid through centrifugal effect.
[0015] Preferably, the vapor diffusion chamber is divided into multiple sub-chambers, each sub-chamber corresponding to a pressure isolation zone and a directional drainage zone.
[0016] By dividing the vapor diffusion chamber into multiple sub-chambers, this structure achieves regulation of local pressure and working fluid circulation. The pressure isolation zone and directional drainage zone corresponding to each sub-chamber can dynamically adjust the working fluid flow path according to the local heat load. For example, in the hot spot region of the heating element, the corresponding sub-chamber can enhance its pressure resistance through the pressure isolation zone, while the directional drainage zone increases the density of guiding channels to accelerate working fluid recirculation; in the low-temperature region, the sub-chamber can reduce the density of guiding channels to reduce energy loss. The interconnection design between sub-chambers achieves global working fluid balance through the channels of the directional drainage zone, avoiding heat dissipation failure due to insufficient local working fluid. Furthermore, the sub-chamber partitioning design also limits the working fluid diffusion range and reduces the flow path length, thereby reducing thermal resistance and improving heat dissipation response speed.
[0017] Preferably, the pressure-drainage composite layer is fixed to the capillary core by mortise and tenon structure or laser welding, and the directional drainage area is connected to the interior of the capillary core by micron-level grooves.
[0018] The mortise and tenon joint or laser welding method ensures a tight connection between the pressure-drainage composite layer and the capillary core, preventing interfacial delamination due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients. For example, the mortise and tenon joint achieves mechanical locking through a tongue-and-groove fit, maintaining structural stability even at high temperatures; laser welding achieves seamless connection through localized high-temperature melting, while avoiding damage to the porous structure of the capillary core. The directional drainage zone, designed to connect with the interior of the capillary core through micron-level grooves, enhances the working fluid adsorption capacity using the capillary effect. For example, the micron-level grooves, through surface tension, rapidly draw the working fluid from the directional drainage zone into the interior of the capillary core, preventing accumulation at the interface. Furthermore, the distribution density and orientation of the micron-level grooves can be matched with the porous structure of the capillary core, forming a continuous working fluid transport network, further improving circulation efficiency.
[0019] Preferably, the capillary core comprises a multi-level branched capillary network, which is close to the flow inlet of the directional drainage zone.
[0020] Multi-level branched capillary networks significantly increase the adsorption surface area of the working fluid through their hierarchical structure, thereby improving capillary efficiency. These networks transport the working fluid from the condensation zone to the heating zone. The close proximity of the network to the directional flow inlet achieves a seamless connection between the capillary core and the pressure-flow composite layer, further optimizing the working fluid flow path, reducing flow resistance, and preventing energy loss during backflow. Furthermore, the multi-level branching design allows for dynamic adjustment of the working fluid delivery path based on heat load distribution; for example, increasing branch density in high-temperature regions to enhance heat dissipation, and decreasing branch density in low-temperature regions to reduce flow resistance.
[0021] Preferably, the pressure-drainage composite layer comprises a metal substrate and a surface hydrophobic treatment layer, wherein the hydrophobic treatment layer covers the surface of the directional drainage area to reduce the flow resistance of the working fluid.
[0022] The metallic substrate provides stable support for the pressure-drainage composite layer through its high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. For example, a copper or aluminum alloy substrate can rapidly conduct heat and resist pressure surges in the vapor chamber. The hydrophobic surface treatment layer reduces flow resistance and accelerates recirculation by decreasing the adhesion of the working fluid in the directional drainage zone. For instance, the hydrophobic coating allows the working fluid to form a droplet rolling effect on the surface of the directional drainage zone, rather than forming a liquid film, thereby reducing flow energy loss. Furthermore, the selective coverage design of the hydrophobic treatment layer (covering only the directional drainage zone) avoids affecting the pressure resistance of the pressure isolation zone. For example, the pressure isolation zone retains the original surface properties of the metallic substrate to enhance structural rigidity, while the directional drainage zone improves its flow efficiency through hydrophobic treatment.
[0023] Preferably, the edges of the first cover plate and the second cover plate are sealed by stepped laser welding, and the welding area avoids the distribution range of the pressure isolation zone and the directional drainage zone.
[0024] Stepped laser welding achieves high-strength, airtight seals through multi-layer fusion bonding, avoiding cracks or porosity that may occur with traditional welding methods. For example, the layer-by-layer structure of stepped welding disperses thermal stress, preventing fatigue failure in the welded area due to temperature variations. The welding area avoids the distribution range of the pressure-drainage composite layer, ensuring that the structural integrity of the pressure isolation zone and the directional drainage zone is not affected by welding heat. For instance, during welding, laser energy is concentrated in the non-functional areas at the edge of the cover plate, preventing high temperatures from damaging the microstructure of the pressure-drainage composite layer. Furthermore, the smooth transition design of stepped welding reduces abrupt thickness changes at the edge of the cover plate, thereby reducing the risk of stress concentration and extending the service life of the heat spreader.
[0025] Preferably, the support components are arranged in a matrix, spiral, or radial pattern on the inner surface of the second cover plate to form an accelerated diffusion path for the working fluid, and the distribution density of the support components is related to the distribution density of the directional drainage zone.
[0026] The support components, arranged in a matrix, spiral, or radial pattern, optimize the working fluid diffusion path through geometric layout. For example, a spiral arrangement forms a vortex-like flow channel, utilizing centrifugal effect to accelerate the diffusion of the working fluid to the periphery of the cavity; a radial arrangement distributes the working fluid evenly throughout the cavity through radial flow paths. The design of the accelerated working fluid diffusion path shortens the flow time of the working fluid from the heating zone to the condensation zone, thereby improving the heat dissipation response speed. The correlation design between path density and the distribution density of the directional flow channel achieves a dynamic balance between working fluid diffusion and recirculation. For example, in the high-density support component area, the number of flow channels in the directional flow channel is increased to match the working fluid flow rate, avoiding local overheating caused by working fluid recirculation lag. Furthermore, the dynamic adjustment of path density can adaptively optimize heat dissipation performance according to the workload. For example, under high-load conditions, increasing the support component density enhances the working fluid diffusion efficiency while improving the flow guiding capacity of the directional flow channel.
[0027] The advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art are:
[0028] The temperature distribution plate structure of this utility model achieves functional-structural dual composite synergy between the pressure isolation zone and the directional drainage zone:
[0029] Reuse of pressure-resistant and drainage space: The rigid frame of the pressure isolation zone also serves as the guide track of the directional drainage zone, reducing structural redundancy;
[0030] Functional decoupling design: The pressure isolation zone focuses on the pressure bearing of the steam chamber, while the directional drainage zone independently performs surface working fluid drainage. The two are integrated through structure to avoid functional interference and improve reliability.
[0031] Thermal load adaptation: In local overheated areas, the high-strength support of the pressure isolation zone and the high-density channels of the directional drainage zone are enhanced simultaneously to achieve dynamic optimization of heat dissipation performance. Attached Figure Description
[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0033] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of a temperature distribution plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0034] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the heat exchanger structure of one embodiment of the present invention from another perspective.
[0035] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the pressure-drainage composite layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0036] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a temperature distribution plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0037] Labeling explanation: First cover plate-1, Second cover plate-2, Support assembly-21, Capillary core-3, Pressure-drainage composite layer-4, Pressure isolation zone-41, Directional drainage zone-42, Metal substrate-43, Surface hydrophobic treatment layer-44, Vapor diffusion chamber-5, Sub-chamber-51. Detailed Implementation
[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0039] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0040] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0041] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.
[0042] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0043] This embodiment discloses a heat spreader structure with pressure isolation and directional flow functions, including a first cover plate 1, a second cover plate 2, a capillary core 3, and a pressure-flow composite layer 4. The first cover plate 1 is configured as a contact heating device; the second cover plate 2 is disposed opposite to the first cover plate 1, and its inner surface is provided with a support component 21; the capillary core 3 is disposed between the two cover plates for adsorbing and transporting the working fluid; the pressure-flow composite layer 4 is located between the capillary core 3 and the second cover plate 2, and includes alternating pressure isolation zones 41 and directional flow zones 42; wherein, the support component 21 connects the second cover plate 2 and the pressure-flow composite layer 4 to form a vapor diffusion chamber 5; the pressure isolation zones 41 and the directional flow zones 42 are spatially alternating and functionally coupled, the rigid support surface of the pressure isolation zones 41 forms a three-dimensional pressure-resistant frame, and the flow channels of the directional flow zones 42 are embedded in the gaps of the frame, and the two work together to control the diffusion path and the return direction of the working fluid. The flow channel of the directional drainage zone 42 is directly embedded in the rigid frame gap of the pressure isolation zone 41, and the synchronous optimization of accelerated return flow and pressure resistance is achieved through space reuse.
[0044] By dividing the functions of the pressure isolation zone 41 and the directional flow guiding zone 42, this structure achieves active isolation of the steam chamber pressure and precise control of the working fluid circulation path. The rigid support structure of the pressure isolation zone 41 effectively disperses the high pressure in the steam chamber, preventing the vapor pressure in the steam chamber from disrupting the continuity of the liquid working fluid in the capillary core, thereby maintaining the long-term stability of the heat spreader. The flow guiding channel network of the directional flow guiding zone 42, through the synergistic effect of capillary force and pressure difference, accelerates the return of the condensed working fluid to the adsorption end of the heating zone of the capillary core, significantly improving the working fluid return efficiency. The synergistic effect of the two solves the problem of balancing working fluid circulation efficiency and pressure stability in traditional heat spreaders. For example, under high temperature and high load conditions, the pressure isolation zone 41 can prevent the steam chamber pressure from impacting the working fluid in the capillary core, while the directional flow guiding zone 42 ensures rapid return of the working fluid by optimizing the flow guiding path, avoiding local overheating caused by delayed return of the working fluid. In addition, the alternating distribution design of the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 makes the pressure distribution in the vapor diffusion chamber 5 more uniform, further reducing thermal resistance and improving overall heat dissipation performance.
[0045] In this embodiment, the pressure isolation zone 41 is plate-shaped; in other embodiments, it can be honeycomb-shaped, radial, or wavy. The directional drainage zone 42 is distributed along the gaps of the pressure isolation zone 41, forming a continuous working fluid return channel. The rigid support surface of the pressure isolation zone 41 is conformally configured with the guide channel of the directional drainage zone 42, and the wavy or honeycomb curved surface of the pressure isolation zone 41 is consistent with the groove orientation of the directional drainage zone 42, forming an integrated pressure-drainage topology.
[0046] The plate-like, honeycomb-like, radial, or wave-shaped design of the pressure isolation zone 41 significantly enhances the structure's pressure resistance through geometric optimization. For example, the honeycomb structure, through its porous arrangement, forms a high-strength support frame that can evenly distribute the pressure in the steam chamber and avoid local stress concentration. The radial structure, through its rib design extending outward from the center, provides rigid support while forming flow-guiding gaps, allowing the directional flow-guiding zone 42 to extend naturally along the gaps, forming a continuous working fluid return channel. The wave-shaped structure further reduces the working fluid flow resistance through curved transitions, while increasing the contact area between the pressure isolation zone 41 and the working fluid, thus improving heat exchange efficiency. The layout of the directional flow-guiding zone 42, distributed along the gaps in the pressure isolation zone 41, not only makes full use of the spatial resources of the structural gaps but also reduces energy loss during the working fluid return process through path optimization. For example, in the radial pressure isolation zone 41, the flow-guiding channel of the directional flow-guiding zone 42 can extend radially along the rib gaps, allowing the working fluid to quickly return from the edge of the steam diffusion chamber 5 to the center of the capillary core 3, achieving symmetry and high efficiency in the working fluid circulation path.
[0047] In this embodiment, the support component 21 is a solid guide column. In other embodiments, it can be a hollow guide column with a spiral guide groove on its inner wall to guide the steam to diffuse along a preset swirling direction.
[0048] Solid guide columns are lower in cost and provide high-strength support with good structural stability. Hollow guide columns, on the other hand, reduce structural weight through internal cavities while providing additional channels for working fluid flow, avoiding the obstruction of working fluid diffusion inherent in traditional solid support columns. The spiral guide grooves on the inner wall guide the working fluid to flow in a predetermined direction through a swirling effect; for example, clockwise or counterclockwise swirling increases the residence time of the working fluid within the cavity, improving heat exchange efficiency. The geometric design of the spiral grooves also generates centrifugal force during the working fluid flow, causing condensate droplets to move towards the periphery of the cavity and then quickly return through the directional flow zone 42, reducing the residue of the working fluid in the vapor diffusion cavity 5. Furthermore, the spiral structure of the hollow guide column enhances the directionality of the working fluid flow, avoiding localized pressure fluctuations caused by disordered diffusion, thereby improving the temperature uniformity of the heat spreader. For example, under high-power conditions of the heating device, the spiral guide grooves can uniformly disperse high-temperature steam throughout the entire vapor diffusion cavity 5 and accelerate the separation and return of the working fluid through centrifugal effect.
[0049] In this embodiment, the vapor diffusion chamber 5 is divided into multiple sub-chambers 51 by the support assembly, and each sub-chamber 51 corresponds to a pressure isolation zone 41 and a directional drainage zone 42.
[0050] By dividing the vapor diffusion chamber 5 into multiple sub-chambers 51, this structure achieves regulation of local pressure and working fluid circulation. The pressure isolation zone 41 and directional drainage zone 42 corresponding to each sub-chamber 51 can dynamically adjust the working fluid flow path according to the local heat load. For example, in the hot spot region of the heating device, the corresponding sub-chamber 51 can enhance its pressure resistance through the pressure isolation zone 41, while the directional drainage zone 42 increases the density of the guiding channels to accelerate the working fluid return; while in the low-temperature region, the sub-chamber 51 can reduce the density of the guiding channels to reduce energy loss. The interconnection design between the sub-chambers 51 achieves global working fluid balance through the channels of the directional drainage zone 42, avoiding heat dissipation failure due to insufficient local working fluid. Furthermore, the partitioning design of the sub-chambers 51 can limit the working fluid diffusion range and reduce the flow path length, thereby reducing thermal resistance and improving heat dissipation response speed.
[0051] In this embodiment, the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 and the capillary core 3 are fixed by laser welding. In other embodiments, they can also be fixed by mortise and tenon structure. The directional drainage area 42 can also be connected to the inside of the capillary core 3 through micron-level grooves.
[0052] The mortise and tenon structure or laser welding method ensures a tight connection between the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 and the capillary core 3, avoiding interface delamination due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients. For example, the mortise and tenon structure achieves mechanical locking through a tongue-and-groove fit, maintaining structural stability even at high temperatures; laser welding achieves seamless connection through localized high-temperature melting, while avoiding damage to the porous structure of the capillary core 3. The directional drainage zone 42 is designed to connect with the interior of the capillary core 3 through micron-level grooves, utilizing the capillary effect to enhance the working fluid adsorption capacity. For example, the micron-level grooves rapidly draw the working fluid from the directional drainage zone 42 into the interior of the capillary core 3 through surface tension, preventing the working fluid from accumulating at the interface. Furthermore, the distribution density and orientation of the micron-level grooves can match the porous structure of the capillary core 3, forming a continuous working fluid transport network, further improving circulation efficiency.
[0053] In this embodiment, the capillary core 3 includes a multi-level branched capillary network, which is close to the flow inlet of the directional drainage zone 42.
[0054] The multi-level branched capillary network significantly increases the adsorption surface area of the working fluid through its hierarchical structure, thereby improving capillary efficiency. The multi-level branched network transports the working fluid from the condensation zone to the heating zone. The design of the network being close to the flow inlet of the directional flow zone 42 achieves a seamless connection between the capillary core 3 and the pressure-flow composite layer 4, further optimizing the working fluid flow path, reducing flow resistance, and avoiding energy loss during backflow. Furthermore, the multi-level branched design can dynamically adjust the working fluid transport path according to the heat load distribution; for example, increasing the branch density in high-temperature regions to enhance heat dissipation, and decreasing the branch density in low-temperature regions to reduce flow resistance.
[0055] In this embodiment, the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 includes a metal substrate 43 and a surface hydrophobic treatment layer 44. The hydrophobic treatment layer covers the surface of the directional drainage area 42 to reduce the flow resistance of the working fluid.
[0056] The metal substrate 43 provides stable support for the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 through its high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. For example, a copper or aluminum alloy substrate can quickly conduct heat and resist pressure shocks from the steam chamber. The surface hydrophobic treatment layer 44 reduces flow resistance and accelerates the return of the working fluid by decreasing the adhesion of the working fluid to the directional drainage region 42. For example, the hydrophobic coating allows the working fluid to form a droplet rolling effect on the surface of the directional drainage region 42, rather than forming a liquid film, thereby reducing flow energy loss. Furthermore, the selective coverage design of the hydrophobic treatment layer 44, which only covers the directional drainage region 42, avoids affecting the pressure resistance of the pressure isolation region 41. For example, the pressure isolation region 41 maintains the original surface properties of the metal substrate 43 to enhance structural rigidity, while the directional drainage region 42 improves its flow conduction efficiency through hydrophobic treatment.
[0057] In other embodiments, the hydrophobic treatment layer 44 selectively covers the directional drainage region 42, and the pressure isolation region 41 maintains the hydrophilic surface of the metal substrate 43. By utilizing the difference in interfacial tension between hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, the condensing working fluid is driven to accumulate from the surface of the pressure isolation region to the directional drainage region channel.
[0058] In this embodiment, the edges of the first cover plate 1 and the second cover plate 2 are sealed by stepped laser welding, and the welding area avoids the distribution range of the pressure isolation area 41 and the directional drainage area 42.
[0059] Stepped laser welding achieves high-strength, airtight seals through multi-layer fusion bonding, avoiding cracks or porosity that may occur with traditional welding methods. For example, the layer-by-layer stacking structure of stepped welding can disperse thermal stress, preventing fatigue failure in the welded area due to temperature changes. The welding area avoids the distribution range of the pressure-drainage composite layer 4, ensuring that the structural integrity of the pressure isolation zone 41 and the directional drainage zone 42 is not affected by welding heat. For example, during welding, laser energy is concentrated in the non-functional area at the edge of the cover plate, avoiding damage to the microstructure of the pressure-drainage composite layer 4 due to high temperatures. In addition, the smooth transition design of stepped welding can reduce abrupt thickness changes at the edge of the cover plate, thereby reducing the risk of stress concentration and extending the service life of the heat spreader.
[0060] In this embodiment, the support components 21 are arranged in a matrix on the inner surface of the second cover plate 2. In other embodiments, they can also be arranged in a spiral or radial pattern to form an accelerated diffusion path for the working fluid. The distribution density of the support components is related to the distribution density of the directional drainage zone 42.
[0061] The support components 21, arranged in a matrix, spiral, or radial pattern, optimize the working fluid diffusion path through geometric layout. For example, a spiral arrangement forms a vortex-like flow channel, utilizing centrifugal effect to accelerate the diffusion of the working fluid to the periphery of the cavity; a radial arrangement distributes the working fluid evenly throughout the cavity through radial flow paths. The design of the accelerated working fluid diffusion path shortens the flow time of the working fluid from the heating zone to the condensation zone, thereby improving the heat dissipation response speed. The correlation design between path density and the distribution density of the directional flow channel 42 achieves a dynamic balance between working fluid diffusion and working fluid return. For example, in the high-density support component 21 area, the number of flow channels in the directional flow channel 42 is increased to match the working fluid flow rate, avoiding local overheating caused by working fluid return lag. In addition, the dynamic adjustment of path density can also adaptively optimize heat dissipation performance according to the workload. For example, under high-load conditions, increasing the density of the support components 21 enhances the working fluid diffusion efficiency while improving the flow guiding capacity of the directional flow channel 42.
[0062] In this embodiment, the vapor chamber structure achieves dynamic matching between pressure isolation of the steam chamber and directional flow of the working fluid through the synergistic design of the pressure isolation zone 41 and the directional flow zone 42 in the pressure-flow composite layer 4, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency and structural stability. The synergistic effect is manifested in:
[0063] Structural division of labor: Pressure isolation zone 41 serves as a rigid support structure to disperse the pressure in the steam chamber and protect the capillary core 3; directional flow diversion zone 42 serves as a flow guiding channel network to transport the working fluid;
[0064] Functional linkage: The distribution position of the pressure isolation zone 41 is spatially matched with the flow path of the directional flow zone 42, so that the pressure distribution gradient of the steam chamber is coupled with the working fluid return direction;
[0065] Dynamic synergy: During the working fluid circulation, while the pressure isolation zone 41 suppresses the impact of the working fluid, the low-pressure zone formed by its gap drives the working fluid in the directional drainage zone 42 to accelerate its return, thus achieving stage complementarity between the pressure resistance and drainage functions.
[0066] Example of a collaborative workflow:
[0067] Working fluid diffusion stage: High-temperature steam swirls into the steam diffusion chamber 5 through the spiral guide groove of the support component 21. The honeycomb support structure of the pressure isolation zone 41 disperses the pressure of the steam chamber and prevents the capillary core 3 from being deformed by pressure.
[0068] Working fluid reflux stage: The condensed working fluid adheres to the surface of the pressure-drainage composite layer; the guiding channel network of the directional drainage zone 42 accelerates the reflux of the working fluid to the capillary core 3 through capillary force; the pressure isolation zone 41 maintains structural rigidity and prevents the reflux channel from being deformed by pressure;
[0069] Dynamic matching mechanism: When the pressure in the steam chamber of the high-load area increases, the pressure isolation zone 41 enhances the pressure resistance, while the directional drainage zone 42 automatically increases the flow density through the hydrophobic layer droplet rolling effect, so as to achieve adaptive matching of pressure resistance and flow density.
[0070] Function of the pressure isolation zone: The pressure of the steam chamber acts on the rigid frame of the pressure isolation zone 41, such as the honeycomb ribs. The pressure is dispersed through structural deformation, blocking the transmission of pressure to the liquid working fluid in the capillary core 3, thus avoiding the interruption of the working fluid continuity.
[0071] Function of the directional drainage zone: After the condensing working fluid forms a liquid film on the surface of the pressure-drainage composite layer, it flows directly back to the capillary core 3 through the open channels of the directional drainage zone 42 under the action of capillary force. The distribution density of the open channels is positively correlated with the local heat load, thus achieving efficient drainage.
[0072] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A vapor chamber structure having pressure isolation and directional flow function, characterized in that, include: The first cover plate (1) is configured to contact the heating device; The second cover plate (2) is disposed opposite to the first cover plate (1), and its inner surface is provided with a support component (21). The capillary core (3) is placed between the two cover plates to adsorb and transport the working fluid; The pressure-drainage composite layer (4) is located between the capillary core (3) and the second cover plate (2), and includes alternating pressure isolation zones (41) and directional drainage zones (42). The support component (21) connects the second cover plate (2) and the pressure-drainage composite layer (4) to form a steam diffusion chamber (5); the pressure isolation zone (41) is a rigid support structure used to withstand the pressure of the steam chamber and block its transmission to the working fluid in the capillary core (3); the directional drainage zone (42) is a flow channel network that accelerates the return of the condensed working fluid on the surface of the pressure-drainage composite layer (4) to the capillary core (3) through the flow channel network, and works with the pressure isolation zone (41) to control the working fluid circulation path.
2. The vapor chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized by, The pressure isolation zone (41) is plate-shaped, honeycomb-shaped, radial, or wavy. The directional drainage zone (42) is distributed along the gap of the pressure isolation zone (41) to form a continuous working fluid return channel.
3. The vapor chamber structure of claim 1, wherein, The support component (21) is a solid guide column or a hollow guide column. The inner wall of the hollow guide column is provided with a spiral guide groove to guide the steam to diffuse along a preset swirling direction.
4. The temperature distribution plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam diffusion chamber (5) is divided into multiple sub-chambers (51), each sub-chamber (51) corresponding to a pressure isolation zone (41) and a directional drainage zone (42).
5. The temperature distribution plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure-drainage composite layer (4) and the capillary core (3) are fixed by mortise and tenon structure or laser welding, and the directional drainage area (42) is connected to the inside of the capillary core (3) through micron-level grooves.
6. The temperature distribution plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capillary core (3) includes a multi-level branched capillary network, which is used to transport the working fluid from the condensation zone to the heating zone, and the end is close to the flow inlet of the directional flow zone (42).
7. The temperature distribution plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure-drainage composite layer (4) includes a metal substrate (43) and a surface hydrophobic treatment layer (44), which covers the surface of the directional drainage area (42) to reduce the flow resistance of the working fluid.
8. The temperature distribution plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edges of the first cover plate (1) and the second cover plate (2) are sealed by stepped laser welding, and the welding area avoids the distribution range of the pressure isolation zone (41) and the directional drainage zone (42).
9. The temperature distribution plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support components (21) are arranged in a matrix, spiral or radial pattern on the inner surface of the second cover plate (2) to form a working fluid acceleration diffusion path. The distribution density of the support components is related to the distribution density of the directional drainage area (42).