Aluminum alloy piercing die
By designing a stepped pressing mechanism and a coordinated unloading mechanism, the problems of edge wrinkling and center indentation in the processing of thin aluminum plates by aluminum alloy punching dies were solved, achieving high-quality aluminum plate processing results.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUIZHOU ZHENGHE TIMES TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing aluminum alloy punching dies are prone to edge wrinkling and center indentation when processing thin aluminum plates with a thickness of 1-3mm, which affects the processing quality. Furthermore, when the punch retracts, it may form micro-protrusions around the hole, interfering with subsequent processes.
The system employs a stepped pressing mechanism and a collaborative unloading mechanism, including an edge constraint module, a center pressure adjustment module, and a hole periphery buffer ring. The stepped pressing mechanism suppresses edge wrinkling, the center pressure adjustment module achieves gradient stiffness adaptive pressure, and the collaborative unloading mechanism eliminates micro-protrusions around the holes.
It effectively solves the problems of edge wrinkling and center indentation of thin aluminum sheets, with aluminum sheet flatness error ≤0.1mm/m, scrap rate reduced by 85%, elimination of micro-protrusion around holes, and improvement of processing quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN224406184U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing equipment, specifically to an aluminum alloy drilling mold. Background Technology
[0002] Aluminum alloy punching molds are key tooling equipment in the processing of aluminum panels for curtain walls. They consist of an upper mold base, a lower mold base, a punch, and a die. They are driven by a press to achieve batch punching of aluminum panels.
[0003] In the processing of aluminum panels for curtain walls, traditional aluminum alloy punching dies mainly use an integral pressure plate to punch holes in the aluminum panel under uniform pressure. Although this method can meet general processing needs, when processing thin aluminum panels with a thickness of 1-3mm, problems such as edge wrinkling and indentation in the central area often occur, which seriously affect the processing quality. In addition, after punching, the punch may form a micro-protrusion around the hole when it withdraws. This not only affects the overall flatness of the aluminum panel, but may also interfere with the subsequent sealing process of the sealing strip, reducing the sealing performance and overall effect of the curtain wall.
[0004] Faced with these problems, the current solutions mainly involve adjusting the working parameters of the press and optimizing the mold design, but the effects are not obvious and cannot fundamentally solve the problems of edge wrinkling and center indentation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of aluminum alloy punching mold that is highly practical and can suppress the impact deformation of the ejected material. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the aforementioned technical difficulties and provide a novel aluminum alloy punching die that is highly practical and can suppress material ejection impact deformation.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: an aluminum alloy punching die, comprising an upper die base, a lower die base, a punch, and a die cavity. The upper die base is provided with a stepped pressing mechanism at its bottom. The stepped pressing mechanism includes an edge constraint module, a center pressure adjustment module, and a hole periphery buffer ring. The edge constraint module is an annular pressure plate fixed to the edge of the upper die base, with its pressing surface protruding from the central area. The center pressure adjustment module is a floating pressure plate supported by multiple sets of independent elastic units, with the stiffness of the elastic units decreasing from the edge to the center. The hole periphery buffer ring is embedded in the annular elastic body of the floating pressure plate, and its inner hole is clearance-fitted with the punch. The die cavity is provided with a collaborative ejection mechanism, which includes an ejection channel coaxial with the punch, a contact ejector rod, and multiple pre-compression spring pillars. The top of the contact ejector rod is provided with a buffer contact block, and the bottom of the contact ejector rod is provided with a buffer layer.
[0007] Furthermore, the elastic unit of the central pressure regulating module is divided into three layers according to concentric circles: an outer ring, a middle ring, and an inner ring. The outer ring is a high-stiffness compression spring with a stiffness coefficient of 80-100 N / mm; the middle ring is a medium-stiffness disc spring assembly with a stiffness coefficient of 40-60 N / mm; and the inner ring is a low-stiffness rubber column with a stiffness coefficient of 15-25 N / mm.
[0008] Furthermore, the compression stroke of the perforated buffer ring is linked to the punching depth. Before the punch contacts the aluminum plate, the lower end face of the perforated buffer ring has already compressed the aluminum plate by 0.2-0.5mm. When the punch penetrates the aluminum plate, the compression of the perforated buffer ring reaches a peak value of 3-5mm.
[0009] Furthermore, the top of the preload spring post is positioned higher than the top surface of the die, and the vertical height of the plane containing the preload spring post is higher than the vertical height of the plane containing the contact block.
[0010] Furthermore, the top surface of the buffer contact block is set 3-5mm higher than the top surface of the die.
[0011] The aluminum alloy punching mold provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0012] This invention, through a stepped pressing mechanism combined with a coordinated ejection mechanism, can suppress peripheral wrinkling while eliminating micro-protrusions around the holes; thus effectively solving the problems of edge wrinkling, indentation in the central area, and micro-protrusions around the ejection holes that easily occur when existing aluminum alloy punching dies process thin aluminum plates with a thickness of 1-3mm. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the aluminum alloy punching mold of this utility model.
[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stepped pressing mechanism of the aluminum alloy punching mold of this utility model.
[0015] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the stepped pressing mechanism of the aluminum alloy punching mold of this utility model.
[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the aluminum alloy punching mold and the material ejection mechanism of this utility model.
[0017] In the figure, 1 is the upper die holder; 2 is the lower die holder; 3 is the punch; 4 is the die cavity; 5 is the stepped blanking mechanism; 51 is the edge constraint module; 52 is the center pressure adjustment module; 53 is the hole periphery buffer ring; 6 is the collaborative ejection mechanism; 61 is the ejection channel; 62 is the contact ejector rod; and 63 is the preload spring column. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. The described embodiments are merely some, not all, of these embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.
[0019] Example 1
[0020] like Figure 1-4 The present invention provides a stepped pressing aluminum alloy punching die for suppressing aluminum plate deformation, specifically a punching die for 1.5mm thick 5052 aluminum alloy plates. The aluminum alloy punching die of this application includes an upper die base 1, a lower die base 2, a punch 3, and a die 4. The punch 3 of this application adopts a double-edged angle setting, wherein the main cutting angle is 30° and the secondary cutting angle is 5°, which can reduce the peak pressure in the later stage of punching and form a force balance with the low-rigidity rubber column of the center pressure adjustment module 52 to avoid center indentation. The cutting edge radius is R0.05mm. The top of the die 4 is fitted with a hard alloy guide sleeve, and the inner wall is provided with a spiral chip removal groove, and the groove surface is sprayed with a molybdenum disulfide anti-friction coating. The lower die base 2 of this application is also provided with a laser positioning device (not shown in the figure).
[0021] like Figure 2-3 The upper mold base 1 is provided with a stepped pressing mechanism 5 at its bottom. The stepped pressing mechanism 5 includes an edge constraint module 51, a center pressure adjusting module 52, and a periphery buffer ring 53. The edge constraint module 51 is an annular pressure plate fixed to the edge of the upper mold base 1, with its pressing surface protruding 0.5-1.2mm from the center area. In this application, the edge constraint module 51 applies a pressure of 8-12MPa to suppress wrinkling around the periphery. Based on the difference in radial flow resistance of the aluminum plate, the center pressure adjusting module 52 is a floating pressure plate supported by multiple sets of independent elastic units distributed in concentric circles. The stiffness of the elastic units decreases from the edge to the center. The elastic units of the center pressure adjusting module 52 are divided into three layers according to concentric circles: an outer ring, a middle ring, and an inner ring. The outer ring is a high-stiffness compression spring with a stiffness coefficient of 80-100N / mm. The inner ring is a medium-stiffness disc spring assembly with a stiffness coefficient of 40-60 N / mm; the outer ring is a low-stiffness rubber column with a stiffness coefficient of 15-25 N / mm. The center pressure regulating module 52 of this application uses a gradient stiffness elastic unit to achieve an adaptive pressure of 3-5 MPa in the center area; the perforated buffer ring 53 is embedded in the annular elastic body of the floating pressure plate, and its inner hole is clearance-fitted with the punch 3, that is, the perforated buffer ring 53 is embedded in the annular polyurethane body of the floating pressure plate, and its inner hole is clearance-fitted with the punch 3 with a gap of 0.03-0.08 mm; the compression stroke of the perforated buffer ring 53 is linked to the punching depth of the punch 3. Before the punch 3 contacts the aluminum plate, the lower end face of the perforated buffer ring 53 has already compressed the aluminum plate by 0.2-0.5 mm. When the punch 3 penetrates the aluminum plate, the compression of the perforated buffer ring 53 reaches a peak value of 3-5 mm.
[0022] like Figure 4 The die 4 is provided with a collaborative ejection mechanism 6, which includes an ejection channel 61 coaxial with the punch 3, a contact ejector 62, and a preload spring post 63. The top of the contact ejector 62 is provided with a buffer contact block, and the bottom of the contact ejector 62 is provided with a buffer layer. According to the test results, the flatness error of the aluminum plate is ≤0.1mm / m, the scrap rate is reduced by 85%, and the micro-protrusions around the holes can be effectively eliminated.
[0023] The punch 3 described in this application is installed at the center of the upper die holder 1 via a quick-change clamp, and its cutting edge face maintains an initial height difference of 1.8mm with the pressing surface of the edge constraint module 51. When the upper die holder 1 moves downward, the edge constraint module 51 first presses the edge of the aluminum plate, at which point the punch 3 has not yet contacted the plate. After moving downward for another 0.5mm, the punch 3 begins to contact the plate, and at the same time, the hole-peripheral buffer ring 53 generates a pre-compression of 0.3mm. When the punch 3 penetrates the plate, the buffer ring compression reaches 4mm, at which point the contact ejector rod 62 has formed a material ejection advance amount through the pre-compression spring column 63.
[0024] The workflow includes a pressing stage, a punching stage, and a retraction stage. The pressing stage first involves the upper die holder 1 moving downwards by 5mm. Then, the edge constraint module 51 contacts the edge of the aluminum plate, applying a pressure of 10.5MPa via a pressure sensor. The upper die holder 1 continues to move downwards by 2mm, after which the floating pressure plate of the center pressure regulating module 52 contacts the aluminum plate. The outer high-stiffness spring compresses preferentially to a pressure of 6.2MPa, followed by the inner low-stiffness rubber column undergoing hysteresis deformation to a pressure of 2.8MPa, creating a pressure gradient between the outer high-stiffness spring and the inner low-stiffness rubber column. The punching stage... The drilling stage begins with the pre-compression of the aluminum plate by the periphery buffer ring 53 by 0.3 mm before the punch 3 contacts the aluminum plate. Then, when the punch 3 penetrates the aluminum plate, the periphery buffer ring 53 reaches its maximum compression of 4 mm. The unloading stage begins with the compression force of the periphery buffer ring 53 being transmitted through the pre-compression spring column 63 to create an unloading advance as the punch 3 exits. The squeezed contact block is reset by the energy released from the pre-compression spring column 63. High-speed photography verifies that the punch 3 is completely separated from the scrap. The test results show that the edge wrinkling height of the aluminum plate processed and drilled in this application is ≤0.03 mm, and there are no visible indentations in the center.
[0025] Example 2
[0026] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment is a punching die for a 3.0mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy plate. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the protrusion of the edge constraint module 51 is increased to 1.2mm, the spring stiffness of the center pressure adjustment module 52 is adjusted to 100N / mm for the outer ring, 60N / mm for the middle ring, and 25N / mm for the inner ring; the lever arm lever ratio is changed to 1:2.5, corresponding to a 4mm compression of the buffer ring, increasing the stroke of the contact ejector rod 62 to 10mm; the gap between the punch 3 and the die 4 is adjusted to 8% of the plate thickness; the test results show that the edge wrinkling height of the aluminum plate processed and punched in this application is ≤0.05mm, and there are no visible indentations in the center.
[0027] Comparative Example 1
[0028] Using a traditional integral pressing die to punch holes in a 1.5mm aluminum plate, the experiment showed that the edge wrinkling height was 0.25mm and the center indentation depth was 0.08mm.
[0029] In summary, the aluminum alloy punching die provided by this utility model can solve the problems of wrinkling and indentation when punching 1-3mm thin aluminum plates through a stepped pressing mechanism 5. Specifically, the edge constraint module 51 applies 8-12MPa pressure to suppress peripheral wrinkling, and the center pressure adjustment module 52 uses a gradient stiffness elastic unit (spring-disc spring-rubber column) to achieve an adaptive pressure of 3-5MPa in the center area. The cooperative ejection mechanism 6 converts the buffer compression amount into the pre-lift displacement of the contact ejector rod 62 through the pre-compression spring column 63, eliminating micro-protrusions around the hole. Testing shows that the flatness error of the aluminum plate is ≤0.1mm / m, and the scrap rate is significantly reduced. Therefore, it effectively solves the problems of edge wrinkling, indentation in the center area, and micro-protrusions around the ejection hole that easily occur when existing aluminum alloy punching dies process thin aluminum plates with a thickness of 1-3mm.
[0030] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention.
[0031] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A punching die for an aluminum alloy, comprising an upper die holder (1), a lower die holder (2), a punch (3) and a die (4), characterized in that: The upper die base (1) is provided with a stepped pressing mechanism (5) at the bottom. The stepped pressing mechanism (5) includes an edge constraint module (51), a center pressure adjustment module (52), and a hole periphery buffer ring (53). The edge constraint module (51) is an annular pressure plate fixed to the edge of the upper die base (1), and its pressing surface protrudes from the central area. The center pressure adjustment module (52) is a floating pressure plate supported by multiple sets of independent elastic units. The stiffness of the elastic unit decreases from the edge to the center. The hole periphery buffer ring (53) is an annular elastic body embedded in the floating pressure plate. Its inner hole is clearance-fitted with the punch (3). The die cavity (4) is provided with a collaborative ejection mechanism (6). The collaborative ejection mechanism (6) includes an ejection channel (61) coaxial with the punch (3), a contact ejector (62), and multiple pre-compression spring columns (63). The top of the contact ejector (62) is provided with a buffer contact block, and the bottom of the contact ejector (62) is provided with a buffer layer.
2. The aluminum alloy piercing die of claim 1, wherein: The elastic unit of the central pressure regulating module (52) is divided into three layers according to concentric circles: outer ring, middle ring and inner ring. The outer ring is a high-stiffness compression spring with a stiffness coefficient of 80-100N / mm; the middle ring is a medium-stiffness disc spring assembly with a stiffness coefficient of 40-60N / mm; and the inner ring is a low-stiffness rubber column with a stiffness coefficient of 15-25N / mm.
3. The aluminum alloy piercing die of claim 1, wherein: The compression stroke of the hole buffer ring (53) is linked to the punching depth of the punch (3). Before the punch (3) contacts the aluminum plate, the lower end face of the hole buffer ring (53) has compressed the aluminum plate by 0.2-0.5 mm. When the punch (3) penetrates the aluminum plate, the compression of the hole buffer ring (53) reaches a peak value of 3-5 mm.
4. The aluminum alloy punching die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the pre-compression spring column is set higher than the top surface of the die (4), and the vertical height of the plane where the pre-compression spring column is located is higher than the vertical height of the plane where the contact block is located.
5. The aluminum alloy punching die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the buffer contact block is set 3-5mm higher than the top surface of the die (4).