Super capacitor module

Abstract

The application discloses a super capacitor module, comprising: a plurality of super capacitor units arranged in an array of multiple rows and multiple columns and connected in series through a connecting row; a voltage acquisition circuit connected with the super capacitor units one by one, used for respectively acquiring voltage information of each super capacitor unit; a sampling chip connected with the voltage acquisition circuit, used for sampling the voltage information of each super capacitor unit to obtain voltage sampling data; a health management module connected with the sampling chip, used for receiving the voltage sampling data; a plurality of voltage equalization control circuits connected with the super capacitor units one by one, and a control end of the voltage equalization control circuit being connected with the sampling chip. Under the synergistic effect of the pressure drop equalization structure and the hardware such as the voltage acquisition, voltage sampling, voltage equalization control and health management module, the equalization control and health management of the super capacitor module are realized, so that the super capacitor module can stably operate under a predetermined working condition, and the service life of the super capacitor module is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of controlled nuclear fusion technology, specifically to a supercapacitor module. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to traditional electrolytic capacitors, supercapacitors offer advantages such as high power density, high safety, and long cycle life, and are widely used in the power and energy storage fields. Supercapacitor modules achieve megawatt-level power storage and output through series and parallel connections. In the field of nuclear fusion, they can effectively release pulse currents of different power levels and durations to magnet coils to meet the magnetic confinement conditions during the fusion reaction. However, in some short-pulse operation techniques in controlled nuclear fusion, short-duration high-current (above 2kA) pulse discharge conditions are often required, which significantly reduces the lifespan of supercapacitor modules. Currently, there is no lifespan data for supercapacitor modules under this condition. Once a supercapacitor reaches the end of its lifespan, it could potentially cause a disaster for the safe and stable operation of the controlled nuclear fusion device.

[0003] Therefore, ensuring the stable operation of the supercapacitor module in a controlled nuclear fusion device has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a supercapacitor module to solve the technical problem of how to ensure the stable operation of the supercapacitor module of a controlled nuclear fusion device.

[0005] This application provides a supercapacitor module, comprising: multiple supercapacitor cells arranged in a multi-row, multi-column array and connected in series via connecting bars; multiple voltage acquisition circuits connected one-to-one with each of the supercapacitor cells, used to acquire voltage information of each supercapacitor cell; a sampling chip connected to the voltage acquisition circuits, used to sample the voltage information of each supercapacitor cell to obtain voltage sampling data; a health management module connected to the sampling chip, used to receive the voltage sampling data; and multiple voltage equalization control circuits connected one-to-one with each of the supercapacitor cells, the control terminal of each voltage equalization control circuit being connected to the sampling chip.

[0006] Optionally, the voltage acquisition circuit includes: a voltage acquisition line, which is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor cell respectively, and connected to the voltage sampling port of the sampling chip.

[0007] Optionally, a sampling filter circuit is also provided between the voltage acquisition line and the sampling chip.

[0008] Optionally, the sampling chip includes an AFE chip.

[0009] Optionally, the voltage equalization control circuit includes a voltage equalization resistor and a controllable switch connected in series across the two ends of the supercapacitor cell, and the control terminal of the controllable switch is connected to the sampling chip.

[0010] Optionally, the supercapacitor module further includes a temperature sensor, disposed on at least one supercapacitor cell or at least one connection bar, connected to the sampling chip, for collecting temperature information of the supercapacitor module and transmitting the temperature information to the sampling chip.

[0011] Optionally, the temperature sensor includes an NTC resistor, which is attached to at least one connector bar.

[0012] Optionally, the supercapacitor module is characterized by further comprising: an input positive electrode array connected to the positive electrode of a plurality of supercapacitor cells connected in series and connected to the positive electrode of a charging power supply; and an input negative electrode array connected to the negative electrode of a plurality of supercapacitor cells connected in series and connected to the negative electrode of a charging power supply; wherein the charging power supply is used to charge the supercapacitor module with a constant current.

[0013] Optionally, the supercapacitor module further includes: an output positive terminal block, connected to the positive terminal of a plurality of supercapacitor cells in series and connected to a load; an output negative terminal block, connected to the negative terminal of a plurality of supercapacitor cells in series and connected to the load; and a discharge current acquisition circuit is provided between the output positive terminal block or the output negative terminal block and the load for acquiring the discharge current and transmitting the discharge current to the health management module.

[0014] The supercapacitor module also includes a host computer, which is communicatively connected to the management module.

[0015] This application has at least the following technical effects:

[0016] By connecting individual supercapacitor cells in series with a connection bar having the same voltage drop, and configuring a corresponding voltage acquisition circuit and voltage equalization control circuit for each supercapacitor cell, the voltage acquisition circuit and voltage equalization control circuit are respectively connected to a sampling chip, and the sampling chip is connected to a health management module. In this way, a supercapacitor module with hardware such as voltage drop equalization structure, voltage acquisition, voltage sampling, voltage equalization control and health management is constructed for multiple supercapacitor cells. In this system, multiple supercapacitor cells are connected in series via connecting bars; adjacent supercapacitor cells have opposite polarities; each connecting bar has the same material, thickness, and length to ensure that the voltage drop of each supercapacitor cell is the same during charging and discharging, avoiding differences in the equivalent internal resistance of each supercapacitor cell due to the connection structure, thus facilitating voltage equalization management among the supercapacitor cells. Based on this, when the supercapacitor module is in operation, the voltage information of each supercapacitor cell is collected one by one by the voltage acquisition circuit. The sampling chip samples the collected voltage information, converting the analog voltage signal into digital voltage sampling data, which is then sent to the health management module. The health management module can execute health management strategies according to the application scenario of the supercapacitor module based on the received voltage sampling data. Through the coordinated action of the voltage drop equalization structure and the hardware such as voltage acquisition, voltage sampling, voltage equalization control, and health management modules, the system achieves balanced control and health management of the supercapacitor module, ensuring stable operation under predetermined conditions and extending the lifespan of the supercapacitor module. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a supercapacitor module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the modular structure of a supercapacitor module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage equalization control circuit in a supercapacitor module according to an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure label:

[0022] 10. Supercapacitor unit; 20. Connector bar; 30. Voltage acquisition circuit; 31. Sampling and filtering circuit; 40. Sampling chip; 50. Health management module; 60. Voltage equalization control circuit; 70. Temperature sensor; 80. Charging power supply; 90. Discharge current acquisition circuit; 100. Host computer. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] According to an embodiment of this application, a supercapacitor module is provided, which can be used as a driving power source for magnets in a controlled nuclear fusion device, such as... Figure 1-3 As shown, the supercapacitor module includes:

[0025] Multiple supercapacitor cells 10 are arranged in a multi-row, multi-column array and connected in series via connecting bars 20; a voltage acquisition circuit 30 is connected to each of the supercapacitor cells 10 in a one-to-one correspondence, used to acquire the voltage information of each supercapacitor cell 10; a sampling chip 40 is connected to the voltage acquisition circuit 30, used to receive the voltage information of each supercapacitor cell 10; a health management module 50 is connected to the sampling chip 40, and receives the voltage information of each supercapacitor cell 10; multiple voltage equalization control circuits 60 are connected to each of the supercapacitor cells 10 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the control terminal of the voltage equalization control circuit 60 is connected to the sampling chip 40.

[0026] In this application, each supercapacitor cell 10 is connected in series using a connection bar 20 with the same voltage drop, and each supercapacitor cell 10 is configured with a corresponding voltage acquisition circuit 30 and voltage equalization control circuit 60. The voltage acquisition circuit 30 and voltage equalization control circuit 60 are respectively connected to a sampling chip 40, and the sampling chip 40 is connected to a health management module 50. In this way, a supercapacitor module with hardware such as voltage drop equalization structure, voltage acquisition, voltage sampling, voltage equalization control and health management is constructed for multiple supercapacitor cells 10. Multiple supercapacitor cells 10 are connected in series via connecting bars 20; adjacent supercapacitor cells 10 have opposite polarities; each connecting bar 20 has the same material, thickness, and length to ensure that the voltage drop of each supercapacitor cell 10 is the same during charging and discharging, avoiding differences in the equivalent internal resistance of each supercapacitor cell 10 due to the connection structure, thus facilitating voltage equalization management among the supercapacitor cells 10. Based on this, when the supercapacitor module is in operation, the voltage information of each supercapacitor cell 10 is collected one by one by the voltage acquisition circuit 30. The sampling chip 40 samples the collected voltage information, converts the analog voltage information into digital voltage sampling data, and sends it to the health management module 50. The health management module 50 can execute health management strategies according to the application scenario of the supercapacitor module based on the received voltage sampling data. With the coordinated action of the voltage drop equalization structure and hardware such as voltage acquisition, voltage sampling, voltage equalization control, and health management modules, the supercapacitor module achieves balanced control and health management, so that the supercapacitor module can operate stably under predetermined operating conditions and extend the life of the supercapacitor module.

[0027] The supercapacitor module, built upon hardware such as voltage drop equalization structure, voltage acquisition, voltage sampling, voltage equalization control, and health management, can execute different health management strategies for different applications. For example, in the scenario of supercapacitor module application in controlled nuclear fusion, short-term high-current (above 2kA) pulse discharge is required. The supercapacitor cell 10 can be a capacitor with parameters of 3V / 3000F or 3V / 3600F. Through aluminum or copper busbars as connecting busbars 20, N supercapacitor cells 10 are connected in series to form a supercapacitor module with a voltage of 3*N volts and a capacitance of 3000 / N farads. Typically, the equivalent internal resistance R of a 3V / 3000F or 3V / 3600F capacitor is around 0.3-0.6mΩ. Therefore, the peak current is (3V×N) / (R×N)=10KA to 5KA, thus meeting the requirements of high-current pulse discharge above 2kA in controlled nuclear fusion.

[0028] When charging the supercapacitor module, a constant current charging power supply 80 can be used to charge the supercapacitor module with a constant current. In this embodiment, the charging power supply 80 can charge the supercapacitor module with a constant current through the input positive terminal block 11 and the input negative terminal block 12. The input positive terminal block 11 is connected to the positive terminal of the multiple supercapacitor cells 10 connected in series and is connected to the positive terminal of the charging power supply 80. The input negative terminal block 12 is connected to the negative terminal of the multiple supercapacitor cells 10 connected in series and is connected to the negative terminal of the charging power supply 80.

[0029] The voltage acquisition circuit 30 can acquire the voltage information of each supercapacitor cell 10. In this embodiment, the voltage acquisition circuit 30 can use voltage acquisition lines to acquire the voltage information. These lines are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor cells. During constant current charging, the voltage information of the supercapacitor module is acquired through these lines. In this embodiment, a single-line voltage acquisition method can be used. The negative terminals of all supercapacitor cells 10 connected in series are connected together and then connected to the ground terminal of the sampling chip. The positive terminal of each supercapacitor cell 10 is connected to a voltage acquisition line, which is then connected to the sampling terminal of the sampling chip. Figure 3 The diagram shows the C(n) sampling terminal and the C(n-1) sampling terminal, where the C(n) sampling terminal corresponds to the voltage acquisition line connected to the nth supercapacitor cell 10, and the C(n-1) sampling terminal corresponds to the voltage acquisition line connected to the (n-1)th supercapacitor cell 10.

[0030] For example, the voltage acquisition line can be a flexible printed circuit (FPC) connection line. FPC connection lines can realize complex circuit connections in a limited space, and the internal resistance of each line is basically the same, which can ensure the accuracy of the acquired voltage information.

[0031] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, a data acquisition and filtering circuit 31 is also provided between the FPC connection line and the sampling chip 40. In this embodiment, the data acquisition and filtering circuit 31 may include a filter resistor R. F and filter capacitor C F An RC filter circuit is constructed. The filter resistor R... F and filter capacitor C F This is used to filter the collected voltage information so that the sampling chip 40 receives more accurate voltage information from the supercapacitor cell 10.

[0032] The FPC connection line is connected to the sampling port of the sampling chip 40, and the voltage information is sampled by the sampling chip. In this embodiment, an analog front end (AFE) chip integrating functional modules such as an analog-to-digital converter, amplifier, reference source, excitation circuit, and modulation / demodulation circuit can be used. The AFE chip digitizes the voltage information collected by the voltage acquisition line through its built-in analog-to-digital converter to obtain voltage sampling data. In this embodiment, the AFE chip can be an ADBMS1818 chip or an LTC86 series chip.

[0033] The health management module 50 can be an MCU. The AFE chip converts the analog signals from the supercapacitor cell 10 into digital signals and transmits them to the MCU for processing. The MCU can quickly process and analyze the received voltage sampling data, thereby realizing real-time monitoring and precise control of the supercapacitor module.

[0034] For example, in one embodiment, as a feasible health management strategy for the supercapacitor module 50, the health management module 50 calculates the voltage difference between the individual supercapacitor cells 10 using voltage sampling data to perform voltage equalization control on each supercapacitor cell 10. In this embodiment, when performing voltage equalization control, the health management module 50 can use the voltage sampling data to calculate the maximum voltage difference between each supercapacitor cell 10 as the voltage difference for performing voltage equalization control, or it can calculate the voltage difference between the voltage of each supercapacitor cell 10 and the average voltage of all supercapacitor cells 10 as the voltage difference for performing voltage equalization control. For example, the maximum voltage difference can be used as an example for explanation:

[0035] Δu=|max{ui}-min{ui}|

[0036] Where ui is the voltage of supercapacitor cell 10, and i = 1, 2, ..., N;

[0037] If Δu is within the first differential voltage range, the supercapacitor module operates normally; if Δu is within the second differential voltage range, voltage balancing control is required; and if Δu is within the third differential voltage range, a fault alarm is triggered. For example, the first differential voltage range can be Δu ≤ 0.2V, the second differential voltage range can be 0.2V < Δu ≤ 0.5V, and the third differential voltage range can be Δu > 0.5V. Of course, the specific values ​​for the first, second, and third differential voltage ranges can be defined according to actual needs. This embodiment does not impose any limitations.

[0038] During voltage equalization control, the health management module 50 outputs a voltage equalization control command to the sampling chip 40. The sampling chip 40 controls the voltage equalization control circuit 60 to perform voltage equalization control. In this embodiment, the voltage equalization control circuit 60 includes a voltage equalization resistor R connected in series across the supercapacitor cell 10. D And a controllable switch K1, the control terminal of which is connected to the sampling chip 40.

[0039] For example, when the controllable switch K1 is closed, the supercapacitor cell 10 passes through the equalizing resistor R. D Voltage discharge is performed to achieve voltage equalization control of the supercapacitor module.

[0040] In one embodiment, the supercapacitor module may further include a temperature sensor 70, disposed on at least one supercapacitor cell 10 or at least one connection bar 20, and connected to the sampling chip 40. After the temperature sensor 70 acquires the temperature information of at least one supercapacitor cell 10, the sampling chip 40 acquires the temperature information to obtain temperature sampling data. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 70 may be an NTC resistor, a PTC resistor, a semiconductor temperature sensor, or other similar temperature sensor.

[0041] In one embodiment, the temperature sensor 70 uses an NTC resistor as an example. The NTC resistor is attached to at least one connection bar 20 and connected to an AFE chip via a transmission line. The AFE chip samples the analog signal of the NTC resistor to obtain temperature sampling data.

[0042] In one embodiment, as a feasible health management strategy for the supercapacitor modules 50, the AFE chip transmits the collected temperature sampling data to the MCU, which can then perform health management on the supercapacitor modules based on the temperature sampling data.

[0043] In this embodiment, the NTC resistor is attached to the connector 20. During charging or discharging of the supercapacitor module, the module generates heat, and the resistance of the NTC resistor decreases rapidly as the temperature rises, thus enabling real-time temperature monitoring of the supercapacitor module. For example, temperature data can be collected before and after pulse operation of the supercapacitor module. At least four temperature sampling points can be arranged on the supercapacitor module, and the temperature of the supercapacitor module can be determined from the temperature sampling data collected at these four points.

[0044] After receiving the sampled data, the MCU calculates the temperature rise of the supercapacitor module:

[0045] ΔT = |T(ia) - T(ib)|

[0046] Among them, T(ia) is the temperature value collected at the i-th temperature acquisition point before discharging, and T(ib) is the temperature value collected at the i-th temperature acquisition point after discharging.

[0047] In one embodiment, corresponding monitoring ranges can be set for the real-time temperature value T(i) of the supercapacitor module and the temperature rise ΔT before and after discharging. For example, the monitoring range of the real-time temperature value of the temperature acquisition point can be -40°C < T(i) < 60°C. When the real-time temperature value T(i) is within this range, it indicates that the supercapacitor module is working properly; the monitoring range of the temperature rise ΔT can be less than or equal to 5°C. When the temperature rise ΔT > 5°C, a temperature rise fault alarm is issued.

[0048] In one embodiment, as a feasible health management strategy of the health management module 50 for the supercapacitor module, the capacity of the supercapacitor module can be calculated and detected by the health management module. Exemplarily, when the supercapacitor module is charged with a constant current, the voltage acquisition circuit respectively acquires the voltages U1...UN before charging and the voltages U 11 ...U NN of each supercapacitor cell after charging, and after sampling by the sampling chip, it is transmitted to the MCU, and the capacity is calculated based on the voltage before charging and the voltage after charging.

[0049] The MCU calculates the voltage difference of the supercapacitor module before and after charging:

[0050] ΔU = (U 11 +... + U NN ) - (U1 +... + UN)

[0051] Through the charging duration T, the capacity of the supercapacitor module can be calculated as:

[0052] [[ID=,28]]

[0053] A capacitance capacity warning value is preset in the MCU. When it exceeds the warning value, the supercapacitor module needs maintenance. The specific way of presetting the warning value can be as follows through the following determination conditions:

[0054]

[0055] Judge the capacitance capacity drop of the supercapacitor module during the j-th operation. Among them, C(N) is the capacitance capacity of the supercapacitor module during the first charging, and C(j) is the capacitance capacity of the supercapacitor module during the j-th charging. If the capacitance capacity drop exceeds 20% of the initial value, a supercapacitor module life warning is issued.

[0056] In one embodiment, the supercapacitor module further includes an output positive terminal block connected to the positive terminal of a plurality of supercapacitor cells 10 connected in series, and connected to a load; and an output negative terminal block connected to the negative terminal of a plurality of supercapacitor cells 10 connected in series, and connected to the load; a discharge current acquisition circuit 90 is provided between the output positive terminal block or the output negative terminal block and the load, for acquiring the discharge current and transmitting the discharge current to the health management module 50. The discharge current acquisition circuit 90 can be a current acquisition circuit built using a shunt or a current acquisition device such as a Roco coil.

[0057] In one embodiment, as a feasible health management strategy for the supercapacitor module 50, the health management module 50 can calculate the internal resistance of the supercapacitor module using the collected discharge current. Specifically: when the supercapacitor module discharges, the voltage across the supercapacitor module is V(t) = Vc(t) - i*R(ESR).

[0058] i is the discharge current, Vc(t) is the equivalent voltage of the supercapacitor module after deducting its internal resistance, V(t) is the output voltage of the supercapacitor module, and R(ESR) is the equivalent internal resistance of the supercapacitor module.

[0059] When the supercapacitor finishes discharging, the discharge current is 0; then V(t) = Vc(t);

[0060] The voltage difference before and after the discharge end time V(t) is the result of the interaction between the equivalent internal resistance R (ESR) and the discharge current i. The equivalent internal resistance of the supercapacitor module can be calculated using the following formula:

[0061]

[0062] Where V(t1) and V(t2) are the switching voltages across the supercapacitor module at the end of the discharge.

[0063] The equivalent internal resistance of the supercapacitor module is monitored using the equivalent internal resistance R(N) of the supercapacitor module measured during the first discharge and the equivalent internal resistance of the supercapacitor module during the j-th discharge. An example calculation can be performed using the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] When prolonged discharge causes the equivalent internal resistance to double, a fault alarm is triggered on the supercapacitor module.

[0066] In one embodiment, the supercapacitor module further includes a host computer 100, which is communicatively connected to the health management module 50 and the charging power supply 80. The host computer controls the charging power supply to charge the supercapacitor module. During this process, the health management module 50 acquires the temperature information of the supercapacitor module, calculates the capacity and voltage difference, and executes the corresponding health management strategy in the above embodiment. When the host computer controls the supercapacitor module to discharge, the health management module 50 calculates the internal resistance of the supercapacitor module and executes the corresponding health management strategy in the above embodiment.

[0067] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

[0068] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0069] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A supercapacitor module, characterized in that, include: Multiple supercapacitor cells are arranged in a multi-row, multi-column array and connected in series via connecting bars; Multiple voltage acquisition circuits are connected one-to-one with each of the supercapacitor cells to acquire voltage information for each of the supercapacitor cells. A sampling chip, connected to the voltage acquisition circuit, is used to sample the voltage information of each supercapacitor cell to obtain voltage sampling data. The health management module is connected to the sampling chip and is used to receive the voltage sampling data; Multiple voltage equalization control circuits are connected to each of the supercapacitor cells, and the control terminal of each voltage equalization control circuit is connected to the sampling chip.

2. The ultracapacitor module of claim 1, wherein, The voltage acquisition circuit includes: The voltage acquisition lines are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor cells, respectively, and to the voltage sampling port of the sampling chip.

3. The ultracapacitor module of claim 2, wherein, A sampling filter circuit is also provided between the voltage acquisition line and the sampling chip.

4. The supercapacitor module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The sampling chip includes an AFE chip.

5. The ultracapacitor module of claim 1, wherein, The voltage equalization control circuit includes a voltage equalization resistor and a controllable switch connected in series across the two ends of the supercapacitor cell, and the control terminal of the controllable switch is connected to the sampling chip.

6. The ultracapacitor module of claim 1, wherein, Also includes: A temperature sensor is installed on at least one supercapacitor cell or at least one connection bar and connected to the sampling chip. It is used to collect temperature information of the supercapacitor module and transmit the temperature information to the sampling chip.

7. The ultracapacitor module of claim 6, wherein, The temperature sensor includes an NTC resistor, which is attached to at least one connector bar.

8. The ultracapacitor module of claim 1, wherein, Also includes: The input positive electrode is connected to the positive electrode of the multiple supercapacitor cells connected in series, and then connected to the positive electrode of the charging power supply. The input negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the multiple supercapacitor cells connected in series, and then connected to the negative terminal of the charging power supply. The charging power supply is used to charge the supercapacitor module with a constant current.

9. The ultracapacitor module of claim 1, wherein, Also includes: The output positive terminal block is connected to the positive terminal of multiple supercapacitor cells connected in series, and then connected to the load; The output negative terminal block is connected to the negative terminal of the multiple supercapacitor cells connected in series, and then connected to the load; A discharge current acquisition circuit is provided between the output positive terminal block or the output negative terminal block and the load to acquire the discharge current and transmit the discharge current to the health management module.

10. The ultracapacitor module of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a host computer, which communicates with the management module.

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