A lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of lubricating oil processing technology, specifically to a lubricating oil hydrorefining device. It includes a tank containing a heating component. A circulation component is connected to the lower end of the tank, allowing the lubricating oil in the lower part of the tank to circulate through the heating component. Above the heating component, the tank contains, from bottom to top, a hydrodemetallizing agent chamber, a hydroprotecting agent chamber, and an adsorbent chamber. Above the adsorbent chamber, a hydrotreating device is located in the tank. Above the hydrotreating device, a mixing component is located in the tank. The upper end of the tank is connected to a condenser via a pipeline, and the condenser's exhaust port is connected to an exhaust gas treatment pipeline. This utility model's heating component combined with the circulation component achieves uniform and efficient heat transfer to the lubricating oil, ensuring even heating of the oil. The hydrotreating device accelerates the hydrogenation reaction and simultaneously promotes the conversion of low-boiling compounds such as sulfur-based and amino groups into easily treatable H₂S, NH₃, and HCl gases, reducing impurity residue at the source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lubricating oil processing technology, specifically to a lubricating oil hydrorefining device. Background Technology

[0002] After prolonged use, lubricating oil experiences decreased processing performance and increased wear. Therefore, it needs to be replaced with new oil after a certain period of use. Since the amount of waste lubricating oil replaced each year is quite large, the disposal of waste lubricating oil is receiving increasing attention.

[0003] Patent document CN113430045B discloses a separation device and method for removing impurities from waste lubricating oil, including an alkali neutralization settling tank, a reverse osmosis membrane module, a hydrorefining distillation tank, and a decolorizing refining tank. In this method, the oil phase enters a heating vaporization chamber, where a heating rod raises the temperature. A second geared motor drives a second stirring shaft and stirring frame to rotate, causing low-boiling components in the oil phase to vaporize and evaporate. High-pressure hydrogen gas is introduced into the hydrorefining distillation chamber through a hydrogen inlet. The high-pressure hydrogen gas undergoes a hydrogenation addition reaction with the vaporized unsaturated hydrocarbons, converting low-boiling compounds containing sulfur, amino, and chlorine groups into hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and hydrochloric acid gases, which are then discharged. The hydrorefining distillation tank includes, from top to bottom, a hydrorefining chamber, an adsorption chamber, and a heating vaporization chamber. A condenser tube is installed inside the hydrorefining chamber. The bottom end of the condenser tube has a cooling water inlet penetrating the wall of the hydrorefining chamber, and the top end has a cooling water outlet penetrating the hydrorefining chamber. Multiple liquid collection mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the hydrorefining chamber, and these mechanisms are connected to oil outlets penetrating the wall of the hydrorefining chamber. A hydrogen inlet and a pressure relief valve are located at the top of the hydrorefining distillation tank. In this hydrorefining distillation tank, the condenser tube is positioned between the low-boiling components vaporized in the oil phase and the hydrogen. The low-boiling components in the oil phase are cooled by the condenser tube upon contact with the hydrogen, thereby reducing the rate of the hydrogenation addition reaction between the hydrogen and the vaporized unsaturated hydrocarbons. Simultaneously, in this hydrorefining distillation tank, the mixing rate between the high-pressure hydrogen and the low-boiling components vaporized in the oil phase is low, which restricts the rate of the hydrogenation addition reaction between the hydrogen and the vaporized unsaturated hydrocarbons. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus that can increase the rate of hydrogenation addition reaction between hydrogen and vaporized unsaturated hydrocarbons.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A lubricating oil hydrorefining device includes a tank, a heating component inside the tank, and a circulation component connected to the lower end of the tank. The circulation component allows the lubricating oil in the lower end of the tank to circulate through the heating component. Above the heating component, the tank contains, from bottom to top, a hydrodemetallizing agent chamber, a hydroprotecting agent chamber, and an adsorbent chamber. The adsorbent chamber is filled with adsorbent, the hydroprotecting agent chamber is filled with hydroprotecting agent, and the hydrodemetallizing agent chamber is filled with hydrodemetallizing agent. Above the adsorbent chamber, a hydrotreating device is installed in the tank, and above the hydrotreating device, a mixing component is installed in the tank. The upper end of the tank is connected to a condenser via a pipeline, and the exhaust port of the condenser is connected to an exhaust gas treatment pipeline.

[0007] Specifically, the heating assembly includes an outer jacket, with an inner jacket concentrically arranged inside the outer jacket. The lower ends of the outer jacket and the inner jacket are fixedly connected by multiple support rods, which are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank. The heat-conducting pipe is spirally coiled between the outer jacket and the inner jacket. The two ends of the heat-conducting pipe pass through the side wall of the tank and are connected to the outlet and inlet of the heat transfer oil heater, respectively. A gap is provided between the spirally coiled heat-conducting pipe and the inner and outer jackets.

[0008] Specifically, the circulation assembly includes a lower pipe connected to the lower end of the tank body, the lower pipe being connected to the inlet of the circulation pump, the circulation pump being located outside the tank body, an annular pipe being fixed to the upper end of the outer sleeve, an annular slit being opened at the lower end of the annular pipe, an inlet pipe being fixed to the tank body, one end of the inlet pipe being connected to the annular pipe, and the other end of the inlet pipe being connected to the outlet of the circulation pump through a pipeline.

[0009] Specifically, a fixed sleeve is fixedly and sealed at the lower end of the tank body. The fixed sleeve is connected to the lower pipe, and multiple flow-limiting holes are opened at the upper end of the fixed sleeve.

[0010] Specifically, the hydrogen refueling device includes a main pipe, one end of which is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen pipe, and the other end of which extends into a tank. One end of the main pipe inside the tank is sealed. A lower plate is fixed inside the tank below the main pipe. Multiple rows of lower holes are opened on the lower plate. Multiple branch pipes are arranged inside the tank above the lower plate. The multiple branch pipes are parallel to each other and are staggered with the lower holes. Gas holes corresponding to the lower holes are opened on the branch pipes. The axis of the lower hole is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the axis of the gas hole is parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0011] Specifically, the mixing component includes an upper plate, which is fixedly and sealed to the tank body. The upper plate has multiple upper holes, which are staggered with the lower holes. A vertical pipe corresponding to and communicating with the upper holes is fixed at the upper end of the upper plate. Multiple baffle rods are fixed inside the vertical pipe, and the multiple baffle rods are irregularly distributed inside the vertical pipe.

[0012] Specifically, the upper end of the tank is fixedly connected to an upper pipe, a pressure relief valve is installed on the upper pipe, and the upper pipe is connected to the condenser through a pipeline.

[0013] Specifically, a filling pipe is fixedly connected to the lower end of the tank, and a valve is installed on the filling pipe.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0015] 1. The heating component combined with the circulation component achieves uniform and efficient heat transfer of the lubricating oil, ensuring that the oil is heated evenly. The upper flow limit orifice design of the fixed sleeve restricts the circulation flow rate, prolongs the residence time of the lubricating oil at the lower end of the tank, provides sufficient vaporization and evaporation conditions for low-boiling components, avoids short-flow problems, and improves evaporation efficiency.

[0016] 2. The stepped layout of the hydrodemetallizing agent chamber, protective agent chamber, and adsorbent chamber utilizes an alkaline-modified support and Mo and Ni active components to efficiently adsorb metallic impurities, asphaltenes, and sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine compounds. The synergistic effect of the active components and the macroporous Al2O3 support significantly improves the selective addition reaction of hydrogen to unsaturated hydrocarbons, suppresses side reactions, and enhances the purity and stability of the refined lubricating oil products.

[0017] 3. The staggered hole structure of the main pipe, branch pipes, and lower plate in the hydrogenation unit creates motion interference, forcing hydrogen to collide and mix with the upwardly vaporized low-boiling components, achieving efficient initial mixing. This design accelerates the hydrogenation addition reaction and simultaneously promotes the conversion of low-boiling compounds such as sulfur-based and amino groups into easily treatable H2S, NH3, and HCl gases, reducing impurity residues from the source.

[0018] 4. The riser and irregular baffle of the mixing assembly apply a turbulent effect to the upward-flowing mixture, breaking down the laminar flow barrier and promoting secondary mixing. This structure significantly increases the contact area and reaction rate between hydrogen and low-boiling components, ensuring a more complete hydrogenation reaction, reducing unreacted residues, and making it suitable for high-refinement applications.

[0019] 5. The condenser is seamlessly connected to the exhaust gas treatment pipeline, efficiently separating hydrogenation products such as naphtha and light diesel oil, condensing and recovering them as useful byproducts, while simultaneously treating harmful exhaust gases. The overall closed-loop design of the unit improves energy efficiency, reduces environmental impact, and meets sustainable production standards. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of region A in the middle.

[0022] Figure 3 A top view showing the positional relationship between the main pipe, branch pipes, and the downhole.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a bottom view of the fixed sleeve.

[0024] Figure 5 A bottom view showing the inner sleeve, outer sleeve, and multiple support rods connected together.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the ring pipe.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the riser.

[0027] The components in the attached diagram are named as follows: 1. Tank body, 2. Inner sleeve, 3. Outer sleeve, 4. Heat conduction pipe, 5. Support rod, 6. Fixing sleeve, 7. Flow limiting orifice, 8. Circulation pump, 9. Inlet pipe, 10. Ring pipe, 11. Slit, 12. Hydrogenation demetallizing agent chamber, 13. Hydrogenation protective agent chamber, 14. Adsorbent chamber, 15. Lower plate, 16. Lower hole, 17. Main pipe, 18. Branch pipe, 19. Upper plate, 20. Upper hole, 21. Riser, 22. Baffle rod, 23. Upper pipe, 24. Condenser, 25. Lower pipe, 26. Vent, 27. Filling pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0029] Example 1: Refer to Figures 1-6 As shown, a lubricating oil hydrorefining device includes a tank 1, with a filling pipe 27 fixedly connected to the lower end of the tank 1, and a valve installed on the filling pipe 27.

[0030] A heating component is installed inside the tank body 1, and a circulation component is connected to the lower end of the tank body 1. The circulation component allows the lubricating oil in the lower end of the tank body 1 to circulate through the heating component.

[0031] The heating assembly includes an outer jacket 3, with an inner jacket 2 concentrically arranged inside the outer jacket 3. The lower ends of the outer jacket 3 and the inner jacket 2 are fixedly connected by multiple support rods 5. The support rods 5 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank body 1. The heat conduction pipe 4 is spirally coiled between the outer jacket 3 and the inner jacket 2. The two ends of the heat conduction pipe 4 pass through the side wall of the tank body 1 and are connected to the outlet and inlet of the heat transfer oil heater. There is a gap between the spirally coiled heat conduction pipe 4 and the inner jacket 2 and the outer jacket 3.

[0032] The circulation assembly includes a lower pipe 25 connected to the lower end of the tank body 1. The lower pipe 25 is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump 8. The circulation pump 8 is located outside the tank body 1. An annular pipe 10 is fixed to the upper end of the outer sleeve 3. An annular slit 11 is opened at the lower end of the annular pipe 10. An inlet pipe 9 is fixed on the tank body 1. One end of the inlet pipe 9 is connected to the annular pipe 10, and the other end of the inlet pipe 9 is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump 8 through a pipeline.

[0033] A fixed sleeve 6 is fixedly and sealed inside the lower end of the tank body 1. The fixed sleeve 6 is connected to the lower pipe 25. Multiple flow-limiting holes 7 are opened at the upper end of the fixed sleeve 6. By setting the flow-limiting holes 7, the circulation flow rate of the lubricating oil can be limited, so that lubricating oil can remain in the lower end of the tank body 1, ensuring that the low-boiling components in the lubricating oil have enough time to vaporize and rise in the tank body 1.

[0034] During operation, the heat transfer oil circulates within the heat transfer pipe 4. When the circulation pump 8 is activated, the lubricating oil in the lower end of the tank 1 enters the space between the inner sleeve 2 and the outer sleeve 3 through the flow-limiting orifice 7, the fixed sleeve 6, the circulation pump 8, the inlet pipe 9, the ring pipe 10, and the slit 11. The lubricating oil then flows downwards into the lower end of the tank 1. The lubricating oil is circulated and heated by the heating components. The heating components, combined with the circulation components, achieve uniform and efficient heat transfer of the lubricating oil, ensuring even heating of the oil.

[0035] The tank 1 above the heating assembly is provided with a hydrogenation demetallizing agent chamber 12, a hydrogenation protective agent chamber 13 and an adsorbent chamber 14 arranged from bottom to top. The adsorbent chamber 14 is filled with adsorbent, the hydrogenation protective agent chamber 13 is filled with hydrogenation protective agent, and the hydrogenation demetallizing agent chamber 12 is filled with hydrogenation demetallizing agent.

[0036] The adsorbent in adsorbent chamber 14 is an inert SiO2-Al2O3 carrier modified with alkaline minerals, exhibiting a honeycomb structure and containing small amounts of molybdenum and nickel hydrogenation active components. The hydrogenation protective agent in hydrogenation protective agent chamber 13 is a macroporous Al2O3 carrier with a Raschig ring shape, prepared with Mo and Ni as active components. The hydrogenation demetallizing agent in hydrogenation demetallizing agent chamber 12 is a macroporous Al2O3 carrier with a toothed spherical shape, prepared with Mo and Ni as active components. The adsorbent, hydrogenation protective agent, and hydrogenation demetallizing agent effectively adsorb metallic impurities and asphaltenes. The combination of the metallic active components and macroporous Al2O3 enhances the selectivity of hydrogen addition to unsaturated hydrocarbons.

[0037] A hydrogenation device is installed inside the tank 1 above the adsorbent chamber 14.

[0038] The hydrogen refueling unit includes a main pipe 17, one end of which is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen pipe, and the other end of which extends into a tank 1. One end of the main pipe 17 inside the tank 1 is sealed. A lower plate 15 is fixed inside the tank 1 below the main pipe 17. Multiple rows of lower holes 16 are opened on the lower plate 15. Multiple branch pipes 18 are arranged inside the tank 1 above the lower plate 15. The multiple branch pipes 18 are parallel to each other and are staggered with the lower holes 16. A gas hole 26 corresponding to the lower hole 16 is opened on the branch pipe 18. The axis of the lower hole 16 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the axis of the gas hole 26 is parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0039] During hydrogenation, high-pressure hydrogen gas is discharged sequentially through main pipe 17, branch pipe 18 and gas hole 26. The hydrogen gas interferes with the low-boiling components that are vaporized and evaporated and rise through lower hole 16, thus causing the hydrogen gas and the low-boiling components to mix for the first time.

[0040] The upper end of the tank body 1 is connected to the condenser 24 via a pipeline, and the exhaust port of the condenser 24 is connected to the waste gas treatment pipeline. Specifically, the upper end of the tank body 1 is fixedly connected to an upper pipe 23, on which a pressure limiting valve is installed, and the upper pipe 23 is connected to the condenser 24 via a pipeline.

[0041] In operation, lubricating oil is added to the lower end of tank 1 through filling pipe 27. The heating and circulation components are then activated, circulating and heating the lubricating oil in the lower end of tank 1. After heating, the low-boiling components that vaporize within the lubricating oil rise within tank 1. High-pressure hydrogen is introduced into the main pipe 17 and, after exiting through vent 26, interferes with the rising low-boiling components that vaporize through the lower vent 16, resulting in the initial mixing of the hydrogen and the vaporized low-boiling components. After mixing, the high-pressure hydrogen undergoes a hydrogenation addition reaction with the unsaturated hydrocarbons in the vaporized low-boiling components, converting low-boiling compounds containing sulfur, amino, and chlorine groups into hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and hydrochloric acid gases. During operation, the temperature inside the tank is 330–365℃, and the pressure is 12–16 MPa.

[0042] After high-pressure hydrogen reacts with the low-boiling components from vaporization and evaporation, it enters the condenser 24 through the upper pipe 23. In the condenser 24, the naphtha and light diesel vapors generated by the hydrogenation addition reaction are condensed and liquefied. The exhaust gas in the condenser 24 enters the exhaust gas treatment pipeline for further treatment.

[0043] Example 2: Based on Example 1, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, a mixing assembly is installed inside tank 1 above the hydrogenation unit.

[0044] The mixing component includes an upper plate 19, which is fixedly and sealed inside the tank 1. The upper plate 19 has multiple upper holes 20, which are offset from the lower holes 16. A riser 21 corresponding to and communicating with the upper holes 20 is fixed at the upper end of the upper plate 19. Multiple baffle rods 22 are fixed inside the riser 21, and the multiple baffle rods 22 are irregularly distributed inside the riser 21.

[0045] When high-pressure hydrogen and low-boiling components from vaporization rise in riser 21, the turbulence rod 22 inside riser 21 can turbulentize and further mix the high-pressure hydrogen and low-boiling components from vaporization, thereby increasing the mixing rate and reaction rate of the high-pressure hydrogen and low-boiling components from vaporization.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus, comprising a tank (1), characterized in that, A heating component is installed inside the tank (1). A circulation component is connected to the lower end of the tank (1). The circulation component allows the lubricating oil in the lower end of the tank (1) to circulate through the heating component. From bottom to top, the tank (1) above the heating component is provided with a hydrogenation demetallizing agent chamber (12), a hydrogenation protective agent chamber (13), and an adsorbent chamber (14). The adsorbent chamber (14) is filled with adsorbent. The hydrogenation protective agent chamber (13) is filled with hydrogenation protective agent. The hydrogenation demetallizing agent chamber (12) is filled with hydrogenation demetallizing agent. A hydrogenation device is installed in the tank (1) above the adsorbent chamber (14). A mixing component is installed in the tank (1) above the hydrogenation device. The upper end of the tank (1) is connected to the condenser (24) through a pipeline. The exhaust port of the condenser (24) is connected to the waste gas treatment pipeline.

2. The lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating assembly includes an outer jacket (3), an inner jacket (2) is concentrically arranged inside the outer jacket (3), the lower end of the outer jacket (3) and the lower end of the inner jacket (2) are fixedly connected by multiple support rods (5), the support rods (5) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank body (1), the heat conduction pipe (4) is spirally coiled between the outer jacket (3) and the inner jacket (2), the two ends of the heat conduction pipe (4) pass through the side wall of the tank body (1) and are connected to the outlet and inlet of the heat transfer oil heater, and a gap is provided between the spirally coiled heat conduction pipe (4) and the inner jacket (2) and the outer jacket (3).

3. The lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The circulation assembly includes a lower pipe (25) connected to the lower end of the tank (1), the lower pipe (25) being connected to the inlet of the circulation pump (8), the circulation pump (8) being located outside the tank (1), an annular pipe (10) being fixed at the upper end of the outer sleeve (3), an annular slit (11) being opened at the lower end of the annular pipe (10), an inlet pipe (9) being fixed on the tank (1), one end of the inlet pipe (9) being connected to the annular pipe (10), and the other end of the inlet pipe (9) being connected to the outlet of the circulation pump (8) through a pipeline.

4. The lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower end of the tank (1) is fixedly sealed with a fixed sleeve (6), which is connected to the lower pipe (25). The upper end of the fixed sleeve (6) is provided with multiple flow-limiting holes (7).

5. The lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogenation device includes a main pipe (17), one end of which is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen pipe, and the other end of which extends into a tank (1). One end of the main pipe (17) inside the tank (1) is sealed. A lower plate (15) is fixed inside the tank (1) below the main pipe (17). Multiple rows of lower holes (16) are opened on the lower plate (15). Multiple branch pipes (18) are arranged inside the tank (1) above the lower plate (15). The multiple branch pipes (18) are parallel to each other. The branch pipes (18) are staggered with the lower holes (16). A gas hole (26) corresponding to the lower hole (16) is opened on the branch pipe (18). The axis of the lower hole (16) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the axis of the gas hole (26) is parallel to the horizontal plane.

6. The lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing component includes an upper plate (19), which is fixedly and sealed inside the tank (1). The upper plate (19) has multiple upper holes (20), which are offset from the lower holes (16). The upper plate (19) has a vertical pipe (21) that corresponds to and communicates with the upper holes (20) at the upper end. Multiple baffle rods (22) are fixed inside the vertical pipe (21), which are irregularly distributed inside the vertical pipe (21).

7. The lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the tank (1) is fixedly connected to an upper pipe (23), and a pressure limiting valve is installed on the upper pipe (23). The upper pipe (23) is connected to the condenser (24) through a pipeline.

8. The lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the tank (1) is fixedly connected to a filling pipe (27), and a valve is installed on the filling pipe (27).

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