A dynamic penetration test device for ultra-deep holes

Abstract

This utility model discloses an ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device, belonging to the field of geological exploration. It includes a sealed chamber, a deployment and retraction structure, a drive structure, a displacement monitoring structure, a guide rod, a probe rod, a hammer base, a lifting device, a hammer tip, and a hammer body. The deployment and retraction structure is connected to the sealed chamber. The sealed chamber contains the drive structure, displacement monitoring structure, guide rod, hammer body, and hammer base. The hammer body is a cylindrical structure. The drive structure enables the hammer body to rise and fall. The falling hammer body impacts the hammer base, driving the hammer tip downwards. The displacement monitoring structure measures the displacement of the guide rod relative to the sealed chamber, i.e., the downward displacement of the hammer tip. The specific construction steps are as follows: equipment preparation; pilot hole construction; lowering the ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device; dynamic penetration testing; and retrieving the ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device. This utility model ensures that the penetration depth does not exceed 20m by lowering the device into the hole, thus complying with current standards and regulations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of geological exploration, and in particular to a dynamic penetration test device for ultra-deep holes. Background Technology

[0002] Dynamic penetration testing (DPPT) is an in-situ testing method widely used in geological exploration, geotechnical testing, and foundation treatment. It obtains the physical and mechanical properties of the soil by driving a probe into the soil layer in the field, thereby assessing the soil's density, bearing capacity, and other engineering properties. The basic principle of DPPT is to drive the probe into the underground soil layer using a hammer. By recording the number of blows required to penetrate to a certain depth (e.g., per 10 cm) (generally called the blow count or penetration blow count N value), the relative density or strength of the soil layer is reflected.

[0003] Currently, existing standards provide clear correction factors for dynamic penetration tests (DPTs) within a depth range of 20m, but lack specific requirements for depths exceeding 20m. The current construction method for depths exceeding 20m involves pre-drilling, clearing the soil above the target layer, extending the probe rod to the depth of the target layer, and then driving a heavy hammer on the ground. This approach suffers from several drawbacks. As the penetration depth increases, the rod length increases, leading to increased frictional resistance and energy loss, making it difficult to effectively transfer hammer energy to the probe. The longer rod is also more prone to deflection, preventing the hammer blows from being transmitted along the axis, affecting the penetration direction and data accuracy. Furthermore, DPTs exceeding 20m require large equipment with high requirements for the strength and rigidity of the lifting device and guide rod, making on-site construction difficult. The friction between the probe rod and the borehole wall increases significantly during penetration, affecting the accuracy of the blow count, which reflects not only soil resistance but also significant frictional errors. In summary, for depths exceeding 20 meters, DPTs have poor applicability due to significant energy attenuation, equipment limitations, data distortion, and high construction difficulty. Based on this, this utility model proposes an ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems in existing technologies, this utility model proposes an ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration testing device, overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art. By lowering the device into the hole for construction, the penetration depth is ensured to be no more than 20m, thus complying with current standards. This also avoids energy loss due to the increased rod length, better guarantees verticality and data accuracy, further reduces equipment requirements, and significantly lowers construction difficulty. To ensure the reliability and stability of construction within the hole, a series of structures, including a sealed chamber and a drive structure, are incorporated.

[0005] An ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device includes a sealed chamber, a retraction structure, a drive structure, a displacement monitoring structure, a guide rod, a probe rod, a hammer base, a lifter, a hammer tip, and a hammer body. The retraction structure is connected to the sealed chamber, which includes a chamber body, legs, and a sliding sealing component. One end of the sliding sealing component is connected to the chamber body, and the other end is connected to the probe rod. A sealing membrane of sufficient length is reserved between the chamber body and the probe rod to ensure that the sealing membrane does not restrict displacement when the chamber body and the probe rod move relative to each other. The sealed chamber contains the drive structure, the displacement monitoring structure, the guide rod, the hammer body, and the hammer base. The hammer body is cylindrical. The hammer body has a hollow structure, with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the guide rod and a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the sealed chamber. The guide rod passes through the hollow structure of the hammer body and is connected to the probe rod via threads. At the connection between the probe rod and the guide rod, a hammer seat is provided on the probe rod section. The probe rod and the hammer tip are connected by threads. The end of the probe rod with the hammer seat is inside the sealed chamber, and the end connected to the hammer tip is outside the sealed chamber. The hammer body rises and falls through a drive structure. When the hammer body falls, it impacts the hammer seat, driving the hammer tip to move downwards. A displacement monitoring structure measures the displacement of the guide rod relative to the sealed chamber, i.e., the downward displacement of the hammer tip.

[0006] Preferably, the drive structure includes a motor, a winding shaft, a wire rope, and a lifting device. The motor and the winding shaft are both fixed on the sealed chamber. One end of the wire rope is connected to the lifting device, and the other end is wound around the winding shaft. The motor drives the winding shaft to rotate, thereby driving the lifting device to rise and fall.

[0007] Preferably, the lifting device has a hollow structure with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the guide rod. The lifting device moves up and down along the guide rod, and the lifting device and the hammer body are separated and engaged by a locking structure.

[0008] Preferably, the displacement monitoring structure includes a displacement measuring plate and a displacement meter. The displacement measuring plate is fixedly connected to the sealed chamber, and the displacement meter is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide rod via an extension rod. The displacement meter is an infrared rangefinder.

[0009] Preferably, the outer diameter of the sealing chamber is smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve, and the support leg is fixed to the sealing chamber by welding or bolts. The support leg has a cylindrical structure, and an enlarged end plate is provided at the end of the support leg away from the sealing chamber to increase the contact area with the ground.

[0010] Preferably, the retractable steel structure includes a wire rope, a guide plate, and a lifting ring. The lifting ring is connected to the sealing chamber by a thread, and the diameter of the guide plate is 2mm-5mm smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve.

[0011] The beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0012] By lowering the equipment into the borehole for construction, the depth of penetration into the soil is ensured to be no more than 20m, thus complying with the current standard system. This also avoids energy loss caused by the increased rod length, and better ensures verticality and data accuracy. The requirements for the equipment are further reduced, and the construction difficulty is greatly reduced. In order to ensure the reliability and stability of construction in the borehole, a series of structures such as a sealing chamber and a drive structure are set up. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device according to this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sealing chamber in an ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device of this utility model.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sliding sealing component in an ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the drive structure in an ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device of this utility model.

[0017] Among them, 1-sleeve, 2-cabin body, 3-retracting structure, 4-motor, 5-winding shaft, 6-displacement measuring plate, 7-displacement gauge, 8-wire rope, 9-guide rod, 10-lifter, 11-hammer body, 12-hammer seat, 13-sliding sealing component, 14-probe rod, 15-hammer tip, 16-support leg. Detailed Implementation Example 1:

[0018] like Figures 1-4As shown, an ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device includes a sealed chamber, a retraction structure 3, a drive structure, a displacement monitoring structure, a guide rod 9, a probe rod 14, a hammer base 12, a lifter 10, a hammer tip 15, and a hammer body 11. The retraction structure 3 is connected to the sealed chamber, which includes a chamber body 2, legs 16, and a sliding sealing component 13. One end of the sliding sealing component 13 is connected to the chamber body 2, and the other end is connected to the probe rod 14. A sealing membrane of sufficient length is reserved between the chamber body 2 and the probe rod 14 to ensure that the sealing membrane does not restrict displacement when the chamber body 2 and the probe rod 14 move relative to each other. The sealed chamber contains the drive structure, the displacement monitoring structure, the guide rod 9, the hammer body 11, and the hammer base 12. The hammer body 11 is cylindrical. The hammer body 11 is hollow, with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the guide rod 9 and a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the sealed chamber. The guide rod 9 passes through the hollow structure of the hammer body 11 and is connected to the probe rod 14 via threads. At the connection between the probe rod 14 and the guide rod 9, a hammer seat 12 is provided on the probe rod 14. The probe rod 14 and the hammer tip 15 are connected by threads. The end of the probe rod 14 with the hammer seat 12 is inside the sealed chamber, and the end connected to the hammer tip 15 is outside the sealed chamber. The hammer body 11 rises and falls through a drive structure. When the hammer body 11 falls, it impacts the hammer seat 12, driving the hammer tip 15 to move downward. The displacement monitoring structure measures the displacement of the guide rod 9 relative to the sealed chamber, i.e., the downward displacement of the hammer tip 15.

[0019] Preferably, the drive structure includes a motor 4, a winding shaft 5, a steel wire rope 8, and a lifting device 10. The motor 4 and the winding shaft 5 are both fixed on the sealed chamber. One end of the steel wire rope 8 is connected to the lifting device 10, and the other end is wound around the winding shaft 5. The motor 4 drives the winding shaft 5 to rotate, thereby driving the lifting device 10 to rise and fall.

[0020] Preferably, the lifting device 10 has a hollow structure, and the diameter of the hollow structure of the lifting device 10 is larger than the outer diameter of the guide rod 9. The lifting device 10 moves up and down along the guide rod 9, and the lifting device 10 and the hammer body 11 are separated and joined by a locking structure.

[0021] Preferably, the displacement monitoring structure includes a displacement measuring plate 6 and a displacement meter 7. The displacement measuring plate 6 is fixedly connected to the sealed chamber, and the displacement meter 7 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide rod 9 through an extension rod. The displacement meter 7 is an infrared rangefinder.

[0022] Preferably, the outer diameter of the sealing chamber is smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve 1. The support leg 16 is fixed to the sealing chamber by welding or bolts. The support leg 16 has a cylindrical structure. An enlarged end plate is provided at the end of the support leg 16 away from the sealing chamber to increase the contact area with the ground.

[0023] Preferably, the retraction structure 3 includes a steel wire rope 8, a guide plate, and a lifting ring. The lifting ring is connected to the sealing chamber by a thread, and the diameter of the guide plate is 2mm-5mm smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve 1. Example 2:

[0024] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration testing equipment, compared to traditional dynamic penetration testing equipment, includes a sealed chamber, a drive structure, and a displacement monitoring structure. The sealed chamber is designed to maintain the stable operation of the drive structure; it provides a vacuum environment to reduce the impact of air resistance during the hammer's descent. Specific structural changes and construction methods are as follows:

[0025] An ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device includes a sealed chamber, a retraction structure 3, a drive structure, a displacement monitoring structure, a guide rod 9, a probe rod 14, a hammer base 12, a lifter 10, a hammer tip 15, and a hammer body 11. The retraction structure 3 is connected to the sealed chamber, which includes a chamber body 2, support legs 16, and a sliding sealing component 13. One end of the sliding sealing component 13 is connected to the chamber body 2, and the other end is connected to the probe rod 14. A sufficiently long sealing membrane is reserved between the chamber body 2 and the probe rod 14 to ensure that the sealing membrane does not restrict displacement when the chamber body 2 and the probe rod 14 move relative to each other. The sealing membrane is normally stacked at the contact point between the sealed chamber and the probe rod 14. The gap between the bottom of the sealed chamber and the probe rod 14 is 1mm-2mm, and the gap is sealed by the sealing membrane to prevent friction between the two. The sealed chamber contains the drive structure, the displacement monitoring structure, the guide rod 9, the hammer body 11, and the hammer base 12. The hammer body 11 has a cylindrical structure, and the mass of the hammer body 11 is determined according to... The survey requirements are divided into light, heavy, and extra-heavy types, weighing 10kg, 63.6kg, and 120kg respectively. The hammer body 11 has a hollow structure, and the diameter of the hollow structure of the hammer body 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the guide rod 9. The hollow structure of the hammer body 11 is designed to pass through the guide rod 9, and there is a certain gap between the two structures to prevent friction. The outer diameter of the hammer body 11 is smaller than the inner diameter of the sealed chamber. After the guide rod 9 passes through the hollow structure of the hammer body 11, it is connected to the probe rod 14 by threads. At the connection between the probe rod 14 and the guide rod 9, a hammer seat 12 is provided on the probe rod 14. The probe rod 14 and the hammer tip 15 are connected by threads. The end of the probe rod 14 with the hammer seat 12 is inside the sealed chamber, and the end connected to the hammer tip 15 is outside the sealed chamber. The hammer body 11 is raised and lowered by a drive structure. When the hammer body 11 falls, it impacts the hammer seat 12, which drives the hammer tip 15 to move downward. The displacement monitoring structure measures the displacement of the guide rod 9 relative to the sealed chamber, that is, the downward displacement of the hammer tip 15.

[0026] Preferably, the drive structure includes a motor 4, a winding shaft 5, a wire rope 8, and a lifting device 10. The motor 4 and the winding shaft 5 are both fixed to the sealed chamber. One end of the wire rope 8 is connected to the lifting device 10, and the other end is wound around the winding shaft 5. The motor 4 drives the winding shaft 5 to rotate, thereby causing the lifting device 10 to rise and fall. Traditional above-ground powered penetration tests use manual / mechanical lifting. Since manual lifting inside the borehole is difficult to control the lifting height and inconvenient to operate, a motor 4 is used to drive the system, ensuring stable operation.

[0027] Preferably, the lifting device 10 has a hollow structure, and the diameter of the hollow structure of the lifting device 10 is larger than the outer diameter of the guide rod 9. The lifting device 10 moves up and down along the guide rod 9, and the lifting device 10 and the hammer body 11 are separated and engaged by a locking structure. The separation and engagement structure of the lifting device 10 can take various forms, including but not limited to conventional variable diameter separation, hook separation, rotational separation, and electromagnetic attraction separation.

[0028] Preferably, the displacement monitoring structure includes a displacement measuring plate 6 and a displacement meter 7. The displacement measuring plate 6 is fixedly connected to the sealed chamber, and the displacement meter 7 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide rod 9 through an extension rod. The displacement meter 7 is an infrared rangefinder.

[0029] Preferably, the outer diameter of the sealing chamber is smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve 1. The support leg 16 is fixed to the sealing chamber by welding or bolts. The support leg 16 has a cylindrical structure, and an enlarged end plate is provided at the end of the support leg 16 away from the sealing chamber to increase the contact area with the ground. The sealing chamber is fixed to the ground by the support leg 16, and the weight of the entire structure acts on the ground. Only the hammer tip 15, probe rod 14, hammer base 12, and guide rod 9 are independent structures that are directly inserted into the ground. The hammer body 11 strikes the soil to penetrate to a deeper position.

[0030] Preferably, the retraction structure 3 includes a steel wire rope 8, a guide plate, and a lifting ring. The lifting ring is connected to the sealing chamber by a thread, and the diameter of the guide plate is 2mm-5mm smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve 1.

[0031] A construction method for an ultra-deep hole dynamic cone penetration test (UCPT) device is disclosed, comprising the following specific construction method:

[0032] Step 1: Equipment Preparation. Select a suitable casing diameter 1 based on the dimensions of the stratum or structure to be inspected. Determine the sealing chamber size based on the casing 1 size. Use measuring equipment to determine the inspection position and align the drill tip center of the pilot hole drilling rig with the inspection position. For example, when inspecting a crushed stone pile with a diameter of 1.0m, considering the stability of the crushed stone pile, it is not advisable to make the monitoring hole too large. Therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate casing size.

[0033] Step 2: Pre-hole construction. A drilling rig is used for pre-hole construction. During the pre-hole construction, casing 1 is advanced to protect the wall until the drilling distance to the soil layer to be tested is 0.5m-1.0m, at which point drilling stops. During the drilling process, ensure that the verticality of the pre-hole is within the design value. To ensure that the soil layer to be tested is not affected by the drilling, a portion of the soil is reserved.

[0034] Step 3: Lower the ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test equipment.

[0035] The retractable structure 3 is used to lower the sealing chamber and all the structures inside the sealing chamber to the bottom of the pilot hole. During the lowering process, the guide plate of the retractable structure 3 and the sealing chamber are simultaneously guided until the support leg 16 contacts the ground at the bottom of the hole. At this time, the hammer tip 15 contacts the ground at the bottom of the hole.

[0036] Step 4: Dynamic penetration test.

[0037] Start motor 4 to drive the winding shaft 5 to rotate, which in turn drives the lifting device 10 to lift the hammer body 11 upward until it reaches the designed height. Then the lifting device 10 releases the hammer body 11, which falls freely onto the hammer base 12, completing one strike. At the same time, the displacement monitoring mechanism detects the amount of sinking of the hammer tip 15 with each strike and drives the winding shaft 5 to rotate in the opposite direction, which in turn drives the lifting device 10 downward until it connects with the hammer body 11 that has fallen onto the hammer base 12, completing one retrieval. Repeat the above striking and retrieval process until the soil layer to be tested is hit, and start recording the number of hammer blows when the hammer tip 15 sinks 10cm into the soil layer to be tested.

[0038] Step 5: Propose an ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test device.

[0039] After the soil layer to be tested is measured, the sealing chamber is lifted by the retracting structure 3. The sealing chamber drives the internal structure to be lifted together until it reaches the ground. The drilling rig continues to carry out pilot hole operation. During the pilot hole operation, the casing 1 follows to protect the wall until the drilling distance to the next soil layer to be tested is 0.5m-1.0m. Drilling stops. During the drilling process, ensure that the verticality of the pilot hole is within the design value. Repeat steps three and four until all soil layers to be tested are tested. Lift the ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration test equipment and use the drilling rig to lift casing 1 to complete the test.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication of two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model through specific circumstances.

[0041] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present utility model are also within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An ultra-deep hole in-situ dynamic sounding device, characterized in that, The system includes a sealed chamber, a retractable structure, a drive structure, a displacement monitoring structure, a guide rod, a probe rod, a hammer base, a lifter, a hammer tip, and a hammer body. The retractable structure is connected to the sealed chamber, which includes a chamber body, legs, and a sliding sealing component. One end of the sliding sealing component is connected to the chamber body, and the other end is connected to the probe rod. A sufficiently long sealing membrane is provided between the chamber body and the probe rod to ensure that the sealing membrane does not restrict displacement when the chamber body and the probe rod move relative to each other. The sealed chamber contains the drive structure, the displacement monitoring structure, the guide rod, the hammer body, and the hammer base. The hammer body has a cylindrical structure and is a central... The hammer has a hollow structure, with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the guide rod and a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the sealed chamber. The guide rod passes through the hollow structure of the hammer and is connected to the probe rod via threads. At the connection between the probe rod and the guide rod, a hammer seat is provided on the probe rod section. The probe rod and the hammer tip are connected by threads. The end of the probe rod with the hammer seat is inside the sealed chamber, and the end connected to the hammer tip is outside the sealed chamber. The hammer rises and falls through a drive structure. When the hammer falls, it impacts the hammer seat, driving the hammer tip to move downwards. A displacement monitoring structure measures the displacement of the guide rod relative to the sealed chamber, i.e., the downward displacement of the hammer tip.

2. An in-hole dynamic penetrometer according to claim 1, wherein, The drive structure includes a motor, a winding shaft, a wire rope, and a lifting device. The motor and the winding shaft are both fixed on the sealed chamber. One end of the wire rope is connected to the lifting device, and the other end is wound around the winding shaft. The motor drives the winding shaft to rotate, thereby driving the lifting device to rise and fall.

3. The ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting device has a hollow structure with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the guide rod. The lifting device moves up and down along the guide rod, and the lifting device and the hammer are separated and engaged by a locking structure.

4. The ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The displacement monitoring structure includes a displacement measuring plate and a displacement meter. The displacement measuring plate is fixedly connected to the sealed chamber, and the displacement meter is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide rod via an extension rod. The displacement meter is an infrared rangefinder.

5. The ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the sealing chamber is smaller than the inner diameter of the casing. The support legs are fixed to the sealing chamber by welding or bolts. The support legs are cylindrical structures, and an enlarged end plate is provided at the end of the support legs away from the sealing chamber to increase the contact area with the ground.

6. The ultra-deep hole dynamic penetration testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retractable steel structure includes wire rope, guide plate, and lifting ring. The lifting ring is connected to the sealing chamber by threads. The diameter of the guide plate is 2mm-5mm smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve.

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