An adjustable sleeve

Abstract

This utility model discloses an adjustable sleeve, including an assembly shaft, an adjusting knob, and a clamping mechanism. The assembly shaft has an assembly groove at its end. The clamping mechanism includes a ring-shaped array of locating keys and supporting springs. The locating keys are radially slidable and have an outer pressing surface and an inner locating surface. The adjusting knob is threaded to the assembly shaft and has a tapered opening at its end, which engages with the pressing surface of the locating keys to achieve adjustment and positioning. A locking mechanism is located inside the adjusting knob to lock its position. This sleeve achieves precise adjustment through the engagement of the tapered opening and the locating keys, while the locking mechanism ensures operational stability. Its modular design facilitates assembly and maintenance, making it suitable for automotive repair, mechanical assembly, and other fields, effectively improving work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of bolt and nut assembly, specifically an adjustable sleeve. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as mechanical assembly, automotive repair, and construction, socket wrenches are commonly used tools for tightening bolts or nuts. Traditional socket wrenches typically use fixed-size socket heads, which can only fit specific bolt or nut sizes. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently change sockets of different sizes during operation, which not only reduces work efficiency but also increases the complexity of tool management.

[0003] To address this issue, existing technologies have proposed several adjustable sleeve solutions, such as those employing telescopic gripper structures or variable-diameter sleeve designs. However, these solutions still suffer from the following shortcomings:

[0004] 1. Insufficient adjustment precision: Some adjustable sleeves use a simple spring clamping structure, which makes it difficult to stably clamp bolts or nuts of different sizes, and they are prone to slippage or loosening during the application of force.

[0005] 2. Complex structure and inconvenient operation: Some solutions use multi-stage adjustment mechanisms, which can adapt to various sizes, but the adjustment process is cumbersome and is prone to wear after long-term use, affecting the clamping effect.

[0006] 3. Poor locking stability: Some adjustable sleeves lack a reliable locking mechanism, which makes the sleeve easy to loosen during the tightening process, affecting work efficiency and possibly damaging the bolt or nut.

[0007] 4. Inconvenient assembly and maintenance: Some adjustable sleeves have low ease of assembly of parts when assembling various functional components, resulting in inconvenience for disassembly and maintenance.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an adjustable sleeve with a reasonable structure, convenient adjustment, reliable locking, and easy assembly and disassembly, in order to improve work efficiency and adapt to the clamping needs of bolts or nuts of different specifications. Utility Model Content

[0009] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an adjustable sleeve that, while ensuring adjustment accuracy and locking stability, significantly improves assembly convenience and maintenance ease, and can be widely used in many fields such as automobile repair and mechanical assembly, effectively improving work efficiency.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to achieve the above-mentioned objective is: an adjustable sleeve, including an assembly shaft and an adjustment knob and a clamping mechanism mounted on the assembly shaft.

[0011] The end of the assembly shaft is provided with an assembly groove. The clamping mechanism includes a positioning key and a support spring assembled into the assembly groove. The positioning keys are arranged in a circular array and slide along the radial direction of the assembly shaft. Each set of positioning keys is connected to the support spring. The positioning key is provided with a pressing surface extending to the outside of the assembly shaft and a positioning surface arranged inside the assembly groove.

[0012] The adjustment knob is screwed onto the outer wall of the assembly shaft. The end of the adjustment knob has a tapered opening, which cooperates with the pressing surface to adjust and position the positioning key.

[0013] It also includes a locking mechanism, which is assembled into the adjustment knob and acts on the outer wall of the assembly shaft to lock the adjustment knob.

[0014] Based on the above technical solutions, in order to ensure that the positioning key and support spring involved in the clamping structure can be stably assembled in the transfer groove, and to ensure that the support spring can apply a stable radial force to the positioning key, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0015] The assembly shaft is provided with a radial through-hole that communicates with the assembly slot. The positioning key is slidably installed in the radial through-hole. The assembly slot is provided with a positioning slot at its center.

[0016] The clamping mechanism also includes a positioning bolt and a positioning seat and an assembly seat that are coaxially fixed. The positioning seat and the positioning groove are nested and engaged. The positioning bolt passes through the positioning seat and the assembly seat and is screwed onto the assembly shaft. The inner end of the support spring abuts against the outer wall of the assembly seat.

[0017] Based on the above technical solutions, in order to facilitate the stable assembly of the support spring in the space-constrained assembly groove and to achieve effective contact between both ends and the positioning key and the assembly seat, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0018] The locating key has mounting openings radially distributed along the assembly shaft. The clamping surface has mounting grooves that communicate with the mounting openings. The support spring is arranged in the mounting openings. The outer end of the mounting opening is screwed with a clamping bolt arranged in the mounting groove. The outer end of the support spring abuts against the clamping bolt.

[0019] Based on the above technical solutions, in order to ensure that the assembly shaft can be effectively connected with the ratchet wrench and other tools, so as to facilitate the tightening operation of the assembly shaft, the clamping mechanism and the fastened bolt head or nut, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0020] The end of the assembly shaft is also provided with a connecting groove, and the connecting groove and the assembly groove are respectively arranged at both ends of the assembly shaft.

[0021] Based on the above technical solutions, the following technical solutions are provided to facilitate the stable assembly of the locking mechanism on the adjustment knob.

[0022] The adjustment knob includes a rotating section and an actuating section that are coaxially fixed together. The rotating section is screwed to the outer wall of the assembly shaft. The tapered opening is located at the outer end of the actuating section. The rotating section and the actuating section are fixedly connected by connecting bolts.

[0023] Based on the above technical solutions, in order to ensure that the locking mechanism can effectively lock the position and posture of the adjustment knob, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0024] An arc-shaped groove is formed on the inner end wall of the rotating section or the action section; the locking mechanism includes an arc-shaped rigid member, a return spring, an outer pressure rod, and an inner pressure rod. The arc-shaped rigid member is arranged in the arc-shaped groove, the return spring is assembled into the arc-shaped groove and abuts against the arc-shaped rigid member, the outer pressure rod and the inner pressure rod are respectively fixed to both ends of the arc-shaped rigid member, the outer pressure rod is arranged on the outside of the arc-shaped rigid member and extends to the outside of the adjustment knob, and the inner pressure rod is arranged on the inside of the arc-shaped rigid member and extends to the inside of the adjustment knob.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0026] 1. High-precision and stable clamping: Six sets of positioning keys arranged in a ring array, combined with a tapered opening adjustment structure, can achieve synchronous and precise adjustment of the radial position of each positioning key, ensuring full contact with all sides of the bolt head and nut. Each set of positioning keys is equipped with a double support spring structure to provide balanced radial support force and effectively prevent slippage during the force application process. The optimized design of the wedge-shaped clamping surface and the tapered opening makes the clamping force distribution more uniform and improves the adaptability to fasteners of different specifications.

[0027] 2. Convenient adjustment operation: The adjustment knob design allows for simultaneous adjustment of all positioning keys with simple rotation. The separate screw section and action section design ensures adjustment accuracy while facilitating the installation and maintenance of the internal locking mechanism.

[0028] 3. A reliable locking mechanism: the arc-shaped rigidity allows for automatic locking via a return spring; the linkage design of the inner and outer pressure rods enables both quick unlocking and adjustment, while ensuring stable locking during operation.

[0029] 4. The optimized assembly structure uses standardized interfaces for components such as positioning keys and support springs, facilitating quick assembly and disassembly. The clamping bolt fixing method makes the installation of support springs more convenient and reliable, avoiding the drawbacks of traditional welding and riveting. The non-circular fit design of the positioning seat and the positioning groove effectively prevents misalignment during the installation of support springs. The limiting protrusion structure of the assembly seat ensures accurate spring positioning and improves assembly efficiency.

[0030] 5. Enhanced versatility: The standardized polygonal design of the connecting groove allows it to be used with various sizes of ratchet wrenches. The recessed groove design prevents bolt heads from being exposed, thus expanding the applicable space range.

[0031] 6. Ease of maintenance: The modular design allows for independent replacement of each functional module, standardized interface components reduce maintenance costs, and the entire component has no welding or bonding structure, facilitating the quick replacement of damaged parts. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram from another perspective of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the assembly shaft and clamping mechanism;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the assembly shaft;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping structure in its disassembled and cut state.

[0037] Figure 6 A structural diagram of the combination of the adjustment knob and locking mechanism;

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure in a disassembled state;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the locking mechanism.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Assembly shaft, 11. Assembly groove, 12. External thread, 13. Radial port, 14. Positioning groove, 15. Connecting groove, 16. Step groove, 2. Adjustment knob, 21. Tapered opening, 22. Tightening section, 23. Actual section, 24. Connecting bolt, 25. Internal thread, 26. Arc groove, 3. Clamping mechanism, 31. Positioning key, 311. Pressing surface, 312. Positioning surface, 313. Mounting port, 314. Mounting groove, 315. Pressing bolt, 32. Support spring, 331. Positioning bolt, 332. Positioning seat, 333. Assembly seat, 334. Limiting protrusion, 335. Accommodating groove, 4. Locking mechanism, 41. Arc-shaped rigid component, 42. Return spring, 43. External pressure rod, 44. Internal pressure rod. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0042] Please see Figure 1-8 An adjustable sleeve includes an assembly shaft portion 1 and an adjustment knob 2 and a clamping mechanism 3 mounted on the assembly shaft portion 1.

[0043] The end of the assembly shaft 1 is provided with an assembly groove 11. The clamping mechanism 3 includes a positioning key 31 and a support spring 32 assembled into the assembly groove 11. The positioning keys 31 are arranged in a ring array and slide along the radial direction of the assembly shaft 1. Each set of positioning keys 31 is connected to a support spring 32. The positioning keys 31 are provided with a pressing surface 311 extending to the outside of the assembly shaft 1 and a positioning surface 312 arranged inside the assembly groove 11.

[0044] The adjustment knob 2 is screwed onto the outer wall of the assembly shaft 1. The end of the adjustment knob 2 has a tapered opening 21. The tapered opening 21 cooperates with the pressing surface 311 to adjust and position the positioning key 31.

[0045] It also includes a locking mechanism 4, which is assembled into the adjustment knob 2 and acts on the outer wall of the mounting shaft 1 to lock the adjustment knob 2.

[0046] All the components mentioned above are made of metal. The assembly shaft 1 is cylindrical, with an assembly groove 11 at its end to ensure that the clamping mechanism 3 is stably assembled therein. External threads 12 that match the adjustment knob 2 are machined on its outer wall. When the adjustment knob is turned, the axial position of the tapered opening 21 on it can be adjusted, so that the tapered opening 21 can press and position the pressing surface 311 on each positioning key 31. The pressing surface 311 is designed as a wedge-shaped surface to effectively cooperate with the tapered opening 21 to achieve synchronous adjustment of the radial position of each set of positioning keys 31. With the support spring 32 inside, the positioning surface 312 on each positioning key 31 can be ensured to be in a specific position to effectively clamp and position bolt heads or nuts of specific models and sizes. The assembly shaft 1 is used to effectively tighten the bolt head or nut.

[0047] This adjustable sleeve is mainly used in the automotive repair industry, but it can also be applied to other industries such as machinery and decoration. By turning the adjustment knob 2, the opening size of the internal positioning surface 312 of each group of positioning keys 31 can be adjusted, and one end of the clamping mechanism 3 of the assembly shaft part 1 can be installed on a ratchet wrench or other similar tool. The clamping mechanism 3 can be inserted into the periphery of the corresponding nut or bolt head to tighten or loosen the nut.

[0048] Correspondingly, the positioning keys 31 can be set into six groups in a circular array so that the positioning surfaces 312 on their inner sides can effectively fit and fasten with each surface of the bolt head or nut sidewall.

[0049] To ensure that the positioning key 31 and support spring 32 involved in the clamping structure can be stably assembled in the conversion groove, and to ensure that the support spring 32 can apply a stable radial force to the positioning key 31, the following technical solution is provided.

[0050] The assembly shaft 1 has a radial through-hole 13 that communicates with the assembly slot 11. The positioning key 31 is slidably installed in the radial through-hole 13. The assembly slot 11 has a positioning slot 14 at its center.

[0051] The clamping mechanism 3 also includes a positioning bolt 331 and a positioning seat 332 and an assembly seat 333 that are coaxially fixed. The positioning seat 332 and the positioning groove 14 are nested and engaged. The positioning bolt 331 passes through the positioning seat 332 and the assembly seat 333 and is screwed onto the assembly shaft 1. The inner end of the support spring 32 abuts against the outer wall of the assembly seat 333.

[0052] The positioning seat 332 is a structure with a non-circular outer contour. After the positioning seat 332 is inserted into the positioning groove 14, it can avoid invalid rotation and thus ensure that the support spring 32 can effectively abut on the outer side wall of the mounting seat 333. The positioning bolt 331 is axially fixed from the mounting groove 11 to the mounting shaft 1, which can effectively fix the positioning seat 332 and the mounting seat 333, and also facilitate their effective installation in the mounting groove 11.

[0053] Corresponding to the number of positioning keys 31, the mounting base 333 is configured as a hexagonal prism, with limiting protrusions 334 fixedly attached to each side wall, so that the inner end of the support spring 32 can effectively abut against the side wall of the mounting base 333, and the limiting protrusions 334 prevent it from falling off.

[0054] A recessed groove 335 for accommodating the head of the positioning bolt 331 can be provided on the outer end of the mounting base 333 to avoid the positioning bolt 331 being exposed and causing spatial interference to the clamped positioning bolt or nut.

[0055] To facilitate the stable assembly of the support spring 32 in the space-constrained assembly slot 11 and to achieve effective contact between both ends and the positioning key 31 and the assembly base 333, the following technical solution is provided.

[0056] The positioning key 31 has a mounting port 313 radially distributed along the assembly shaft 1. The clamping surface 311 has a mounting groove 314 that communicates with the mounting port 313. The support spring 32 is arranged in the mounting port 313. The outer end of the mounting port 313 is screwed with a clamping bolt 315 arranged in the mounting groove 314. The outer end of the support spring 32 abuts against the clamping bolt 315.

[0057] When installing the clamping mechanism 3 into the assembly shaft 1, first install each set of positioning keys 31 by inserting them into the assembly recess 11 and ensuring that their pressing surfaces 311 protrude from the radial opening 13. Next, fix the positioning seats 332 and assembly seats 333 by inserting them into the assembly recess 11. Then, install the support springs 32 by inserting them into the mounting opening 313 and abutting against the outer surface of the assembly seat 333. Finally, screw the clamping bolts 315 into the mounting openings 313 on the corresponding positioning keys 31 to press the outer ends of the support springs 32. At this time, the clamping bolts 315 are in the mounting recess 314 to prevent them from being exposed and causing spatial interference to the interaction between the positioning keys 31 and the adjusting knob 2. This achieves stable installation of each support spring 32 and enables the support springs 32 to apply a stable outward force to the positioning keys 31.

[0058] To ensure that the support spring 32 can stably push the positioning key 31 outward, two sets of support springs 32 arranged side by side can be installed on each positioning key 31 to apply a stable outward force.

[0059] To ensure that the assembly shaft 1 can be effectively connected with the ratchet wrench and other tools, so as to facilitate the tightening operation of the assembly shaft 1, the clamping mechanism 3 and the fastened bolt head or nut, the following technical solution is provided.

[0060] The end of the assembly shaft 1 is also provided with a connecting groove 15, and the connecting groove 15 and the assembly groove 11 are respectively arranged at both ends of the assembly shaft 1.

[0061] The connecting groove 15 can be quadrilateral (or other regular polygonal shapes) to facilitate docking with the ratchet wrench. A stepped groove 16 can be provided at one end of the connecting groove 15. The external thread 12 is provided on the inner end of the stepped groove 16 to facilitate the assembly of the adjustment knob 2 on the periphery of the mounting shaft 1 and the screwing connection with the external thread 12.

[0062] To facilitate the stable assembly of the locking mechanism 4 on the adjusting knob 2, the following technical solution is provided.

[0063] The adjustment knob 2 includes a screw section 22 and an action section 23 that are coaxially fixed together. The screw section 22 is screwed to the outer wall of the assembly shaft 1. The tapered opening 21 is located at the outer end of the action section 23. The screw section 22 and the action section 23 are fixedly connected by a connecting bolt 24.

[0064] The inner wall of the screwing section 22 is provided with an internal thread 25 that matches the external thread 12, so as to achieve effective screwing connection with the assembly shaft 1. The inner diameter of the action section 23 is larger than the outer diameter of the assembly shaft 1, which effectively avoids spatial interference between it and the external thread 12. Multiple sets of connecting bolts 24 are evenly arranged and inserted from the outer end wall of the screwing section 22 to the inner end of the action section 23 to achieve a fixed combination of the screwing section 22 and the action section 23.

[0065] The adjustment knob 2 is designed as a split structure, which makes it easier to assemble the locking mechanism 4 at the connection between the turning section 22 and the action section 23, thus improving the ease of assembly of the locking mechanism 4.

[0066] To facilitate the turning operation of the adjustment knob 2, the outer wall of the turning section 22 or the action section 23 can be knurled (anti-slip texture), or its outer wall can be set as a hexagonal structure.

[0067] To ensure that the locking mechanism 4 can effectively lock the position and orientation of the adjustment knob 2, the following technical solution is provided.

[0068] An arc-shaped groove 26 is provided on the inner end wall of the screwing section 22 or the action section 23; the locking mechanism 4 includes an arc-shaped rigid member 41, a return spring 42, an outer pressure rod 43, and an inner pressure rod 44. The arc-shaped rigid member 41 is arranged in the arc-shaped groove 26. The return spring 42 is assembled into the arc-shaped groove 26 and abuts against the arc-shaped rigid member 41. The outer pressure rod 43 and the inner pressure rod 44 are respectively fixed to both ends of the arc-shaped rigid member 41. The outer pressure rod 43 is arranged on the outside of the arc-shaped rigid member 41 and extends to the outside of the adjustment knob 2. The inner pressure rod 44 is arranged on the inside of the arc-shaped rigid member 41 and extends to the inside of the adjustment knob 2.

[0069] Both the arc-shaped groove 26 and the arc-shaped rigid member 41 are set as semi-circles, and the thickness of the arc-shaped groove 26 is greater than the thickness of the arc-shaped rigid member 41, so that the arc-shaped rigid member 41 can move radially along the assembly shaft 1 in the arc-shaped groove 26.

[0070] The arc-shaped rigid component 41 is made of metal and does not undergo significant elastic deformation when force is applied to it. Two sets of return springs 42 are respectively attached to both ends of the arc-shaped rigid component 41 to apply radial force in the same direction to the arc-shaped rigid component 41. This causes the outer pressure rod 43 to extend as far as possible to the outside of the adjustment knob 2, while the inner pressure rod 44 extends as far as possible to the inside of the adjustment knob 2 and presses against the outer wall of the mounting shaft 1, preventing the adjustment knob 2 from undergoing ineffective displacement, so that the adjustment knob 2 always keeps the positioning key 31 in the pressed state.

[0071] Both the outer pressure rod 43 and the inner pressure rod 44 are assembled onto the arc-shaped rigid part 41 by screwing, which facilitates the assembly of the locking mechanism 4 in the adjusting knob 2.

[0072] When the adjustment knob 2 is turned, the outer pressure rod 43 is pressed inward. At this time, the inner pressure rod 44 is separated from the outer wall of the assembly shaft 1, and the adjustment knob 2 can be turned normally.

[0073] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0074] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An adjustable sleeve characterized by: It includes an assembly shaft (1) and an adjustment knob (2) and a clamping mechanism (3) mounted on the assembly shaft (1); The end of the assembly shaft (1) is provided with an assembly groove (11). The clamping mechanism (3) includes a positioning key (31) and a support spring (32) assembled into the assembly groove (11). The positioning keys (31) are arranged in a ring array and slide along the radial direction of the assembly shaft (1). Each set of positioning keys (31) is connected to the support spring (32). The positioning keys (31) are provided with a pressing surface (311) extending to the outside of the assembly shaft (1) and a positioning surface (312) arranged inside the assembly groove (11). The adjustment knob (2) is screwed onto the outer wall of the assembly shaft (1). The end of the adjustment knob (2) is provided with a tapered opening (21). The tapered opening (21) cooperates with the pressing surface (311) to adjust and position the positioning key (31). It also includes a locking mechanism (4), which is assembled into the adjustment knob (2) and acts on the outer wall of the assembly shaft (1) to lock the adjustment knob (2).

2. An adjustable sleeve according to claim 1, wherein: The assembly shaft (1) is provided with a radial through-hole (13) that communicates with the assembly slot (11). The positioning key (31) is slidably installed in the radial through-hole (13). The assembly slot (11) is provided with a positioning slot (14) at the center of the shaft. The clamping mechanism (3) also includes a positioning bolt (331) and a positioning seat (332) and an assembly seat (333) that are coaxially fixed. The positioning seat (332) and the positioning groove (14) are nested and engaged. The positioning bolt (331) passes through the positioning seat (332) and the assembly seat (333) and is screwed onto the assembly shaft (1). The inner end of the support spring (32) abuts against the outer wall of the assembly seat (333).

3. An adjustable sleeve according to claim 2, wherein: The positioning key (31) has an installation port (313) radially distributed along the assembly shaft (1). The clamping surface (311) has an installation groove (314) that communicates with the installation port (313). The support spring (32) is arranged in the installation port (313). The outer end of the installation port (313) is screwed with a clamping bolt (315) arranged in the installation groove (314). The outer end of the support spring (32) abuts against the clamping bolt (315).

4. An adjustable sleeve according to claim 1, wherein: The end of the assembly shaft (1) is also provided with a connecting groove (15), and the connecting groove (15) and the assembly groove (11) are respectively arranged at both ends of the assembly shaft (1).

5. An adjustable sleeve according to claim 1, wherein: The adjustment knob (2) includes a rotating section (22) and an actuating section (23) that are coaxially fixed together. The rotating section (22) is screwed to the outer wall of the mounting shaft (1). The tapered opening (21) is located at the outer end of the actuating section (23). The rotating section (22) and the actuating section (23) are fixedly connected by connecting bolts (24).

6. An adjustable sleeve according to claim 5, wherein: An arc-shaped groove (26) is provided on the inner end wall of the screwing section (22) or the action section (23); the locking mechanism (4) includes an arc-shaped rigid member (41), a return spring (42), an outer pressure rod (43), and an inner pressure rod (44). The arc-shaped rigid member (41) is arranged in the arc-shaped groove (26), and the return spring (42) is assembled into the arc-shaped groove (26) and abuts against the arc-shaped rigid member (41). The outer pressure rod (43) and the inner pressure rod (44) are respectively fixed to both ends of the arc-shaped rigid member (41). The outer pressure rod (43) is arranged on the outside of the arc-shaped rigid member (41) and extends to the outside of the adjustment knob (2). The inner pressure rod (44) is arranged on the inside of the arc-shaped rigid member (41) and extends to the inside of the adjustment knob (2).

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