Full-section tunnel convergence deformation measurement device

Abstract

This utility model relates to a full-section tunnel convergence deformation measurement device, including a target and a mounting base. The target is a circular flexible strip. The mounting base is used to fix it to the inner wall of the tunnel. A slot is opened on the front of the target, and a hole is opened in the center of the bottom surface of the slot, through which a fixing screw for driving into the inner wall of the tunnel is inserted. A locking block for embedding into the slot is provided on the side of the flexible strip facing the slot. The flexible target is arranged on the tunnel detection section to fit the section. The shape of the target is the shape of the detection section. Two points on the target covering the maximum width of the detection section in the X direction are selected, and the target between the two points is divided into m parts to form measurement points covering the entire section. The convergence deformation value of the detection section is determined by measuring the offset distance of the corresponding measurement points. It has the characteristics of multiple measurement points that can be added or removed as needed, high measurement efficiency and excellent accuracy. It can continuously and effectively track the convergence deformation of the tunnel, providing strong technical support for ensuring tunnel safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel deformation monitoring technology, and in particular to a full-section tunnel convergence deformation measurement device. Background Technology

[0002] Over the past decade, my country has added more than 38,800 kilometers of tunnels into operation, making it the country with the fastest-growing tunnel development in the world. By the end of 2024, the country had nearly 20,000 railway tunnels (total length over 20,000 kilometers) and nearly 30,000 highway tunnels (total length over 30,000 kilometers), ranking first in the world in terms of both total number and scale. Among them, there are as many as 2,050 extra-long tunnels exceeding 10 kilometers, achieving continuous breakthroughs in both technical difficulty and engineering scale.

[0003] With the intensive advancement of major projects, landmark water conservancy projects such as the Qinling Water Diversion Tunnel (98.3 km long) of the Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Water Diversion Project and the Xianglushan Tunnel (90.9 km long) of the Dianzhong Water Diversion Project have been completed one after another; key progress has been made in transportation projects such as the Fudi Tunnel of the Xi'an-Chengdu Railway (a single-bore double-track tunnel that traverses high-altitude and cold mountainous areas) and the Jintang Subsea Tunnel of the Ningbo-Zhoushan High-speed Railway (the world's longest subsea high-speed railway tunnel).

[0004] Tunnel engineering is developing towards larger spans, deeper burial depths, and more complex geological conditions. During construction, unpredictable accidents such as collapses, roof falls, and water inrushes frequently occur. Once an accident happens, it can range from affecting construction progress and damaging construction machinery to causing serious casualties, and the aftermath is extremely difficult to manage. Safety monitoring is a crucial technical means to ensure tunnel safety.

[0005] Among the many monitoring projects in tunnel safety monitoring, convergence deformation monitoring is the most intuitive, numerous, and important, but it suffers from drawbacks such as low monitoring efficiency and poor accuracy. Currently, tunnel convergence deformation monitoring is usually carried out manually by burying convergence piles and using convergence meters or total stations. Automated monitoring using machine vision, laser ranging, surveying robots, and fiber optic grating devices is also used, but these methods have not been widely adopted due to high equipment investment, poor instrument stability, and high failure rates. When monitoring with convergence piles, only 3-5 measuring points are often buried. Measuring changes between these points can easily lead to missed measurements due to the limited number of points, making it difficult to detect localized deformations.

[0006] Therefore, this case is brought. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a full-section tunnel convergence deformation measurement device, method, and system to solve the problems of multiple convergence deformation monitoring sections and low efficiency, and to provide strong technical support for ensuring tunnel safety. To achieve the above objective, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0008] A full-section tunnel convergence deformation measuring device includes a target assembly, which includes a target and a mounting base. The target is a circular flexible strip. The mounting base is used to fix it to the inner wall of the tunnel. A slot is opened on its front side, and a hole is opened in the center of the bottom surface of the slot and a fixing screw for driving into the inner wall of the tunnel is inserted. A locking block for embedding into the slot is provided on the side of the flexible strip facing the slot.

[0009] Furthermore, the card slot is an inverted trapezoid, and the card block is an inverted trapezoid that matches the card slot.

[0010] Furthermore, both the flexible strip and the card block are made of polyurethane.

[0011] Furthermore, the surface of the flexible strip is provided with a reflective layer.

[0012] The advantages of this utility model are:

[0013] Flexible targets are placed on the tunnel inspection section to fit the section. The shape of the target is the shape of the inspection section. Two points on the target that cover the maximum width of the inspection section in the X direction can be selected, and the target outline between the two points is divided into m parts to form measurement points covering the entire section. The convergence deformation value of the inspection section is determined by measuring the offset displacement distance of the corresponding measurement points. It has the characteristics of multiple measurement points that can be added or removed as needed, high measurement efficiency and high accuracy. It can continuously and effectively track the convergence deformation of the tunnel, providing strong technical support for ensuring tunnel safety.

[0014] Flexible targets can be flexibly arranged according to the specific shape and size of the tunnel, adapting to various complex geological conditions and construction environments. They are easy to install, disassemble, and maintain, reducing operating costs. The flexibility of the flexible strips directly reflects the convergence deformation of the detection section. Meanwhile, the polyurethane flexible strips have excellent flexibility and corrosion resistance, and combined with a stable installation method, ensure the stability of the device during long-term use. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the target component in the embodiment;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the target assembly installed on the tunnel detection section in the embodiment;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of dividing the target contour between A and B into m parts to form m+1 measurement points in the embodiment.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the convergence deformation distribution of the tunnel cross section in the embodiment.

[0019] Label Explanation

[0020] 1. Mounting base; 2. Flexible strip; 3. Fixing screws; 4. Clamping block. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" etc. indicated by the accompanying drawings are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0022] This embodiment proposes a full-section tunnel convergence deformation measurement device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a target assembly, comprising a target and a mounting base 1. The target is a circular, flexible strip 2. The mounting base 1 is used to fix it to the inner wall of the tunnel. A slot is formed on the front of the mounting base 1, and a hole is opened at the center of the bottom surface of the slot, through which a fixing screw 3 is inserted for driving into the inner wall of the tunnel. A locking block 4 is provided on the side of the flexible strip 2 facing the slot for embedding into the slot. This fixing method can secure the target while ensuring that the mounting base 1 does not obstruct the target.

[0023] During installation, first, fix the mounting base 1 to the inner wall of the tunnel detection section using fixing screws 3. At the detection section, fix one mounting base approximately every 20cm to ensure synchronous deformation of the tunnel and the target. Then, insert the locking block 4 on the flexible strip 2 into the slot of the mounting base to secure the flexible strip 2 to the inner wall of the detection section. Figure 2 As shown, the flexible strip 2 is almost in contact with the inner wall of the test section. The points on the flexible strip 2 can be equated with the points on the test section. The flexibility of the flexible strip 2 can directly reflect the convergence deformation of the test section.

[0024] Preferably, the slot in this embodiment is an inverted trapezoid, and the locking block 4 is an inverted trapezoid that matches the slot. Of course, other shapes such as an inverted T-shape can also be used. In addition, both the flexible strip 2 and the locking block 4 are made of polyurethane, which has good flexibility and corrosion resistance. Combined with the stable installation method, this ensures the stability of the device during long-term use.

[0025] To facilitate the system's ability to identify target outlines and improve monitoring accuracy and efficiency, this embodiment provides a reflective layer on the surface of the flexible strip 2. The reflective layer can be attached to the surface of the flexible strip in the form of luminescent paint or reflective film.

[0026] This embodiment also proposes a method for measuring the convergence deformation of a full-section tunnel, including the following steps:

[0027] S1. As Figure 2 As shown, several mounting seats are evenly fixed at the detection section of the tunnel, and the flexible strip is fixed on the mounting seats;

[0028] S2. An imaging device is set at a preset distance and height in front of the detection section, and the image of the detection section is acquired through the imaging device;

[0029] S3. Process the image to identify and calculate the target's position and contour; the specific processing steps are as follows:

[0030] S31. Image preprocessing: Median filtering or Gaussian filtering is used to eliminate image noise; histogram equalization is used to enhance the contrast between the target and the background; for uneven illumination, a local adaptive brightness and contrast adjustment algorithm is used to improve the visibility of the target in complex backgrounds.

[0031] S32. Image grayscale conversion and binarization: Convert the RGB image to a grayscale image, and use the Otsu adaptive thresholding method to binarize the image to separate the target region from the background;

[0032] S33. Target Feature Extraction: Extract the target edge contour using the Canny edge detection operator or an improved morphological gradient method;

[0033] S34. Morphological processing: Perform closing operations on the binary image to fill edge breaks, perform opening operations to eliminate isolated noise, optimize the continuity of the target contour, and accurately calculate the target position based on the processed contour.

[0034] S4. For example Figure 3 As shown, points A and B are selected on the target in the image. The straight line connecting points A and B coincides with the X-axis, and the straight-line distance between A and B is not less than the maximum width of the tunnel. A is taken as the starting point of the X-axis. The tunnel cross-section structure in the attached figure represents most tunnel shapes. Generally, points A and B are located on both sides of the bottom of the tunnel inspection section. Since the target is closely attached to the inner wall of the inspection section, the points on the target can be equated to the corresponding points in the tunnel.

[0035] S5. Starting from point A, measure the pixel length between point A and point B along the target outline. Define the pixel length of the first measurement as L0, the pixel length of the second measurement as L1, and so on, with the pixel length of the nth measurement being Ln. Since the calculation is performed on the image, pixel length is used. The actual length of the pixel can be calculated (the actual length equals the pixel representation length × the pixel length, which is common knowledge and will not be elaborated here).

[0036] Along pixel length Ln, the target contour between points A and B is divided into m parts, forming m+1 measurement points, as follows: Figure 3 The measurement points shown are LnX0, LnX1, LnX2, ..., LnXm. The value of m determines the number of measurement points. That is, the measurement points can be added or removed as needed, which is convenient, efficient and accurate.

[0037] S6. Using the result of the first measurement as the initial value, calculate the distance between each measurement point in each subsequent measurement and the corresponding measurement point in the first measurement, and use this distance as the convergence deformation measurement value of the tunnel detection section;

[0038] S7. For example Figure 4 As shown, based on the calculated convergence deformation measurements, a convergence deformation distribution map of the tunnel inspection section is drawn.

[0039] In addition, this embodiment also proposes a full-section tunnel convergence deformation measurement system, including:

[0040] Imaging equipment used to acquire images containing targets at preset locations;

[0041] The image processing module is used to preprocess the acquired images, convert them to grayscale and binarize them, extract target features and perform morphological optimization, and identify and calculate the target position.

[0042] The deformation calculation module is used to calculate convergent deformation measurements based on changes in the target pixel position.

[0043] The data visualization module is used to generate and display the convergence deformation distribution map of the tunnel cross section.

[0044] The above embodiments are only used to explain the concept of this utility model, and are not intended to limit the protection of this utility model. Any non-substantial modifications made to this utility model using this concept should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A device for measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel, characterized by, The device includes a target assembly, which comprises a target and a mounting base. The target is a flexible strip in the shape of a round bar. The mounting base is used to fix it to the inner wall of the tunnel. A slot is opened on the front side of the slot, and a hole is opened in the center of the bottom surface of the slot and a fixing screw for driving into the inner wall of the tunnel is inserted through it. A locking block for embedding into the slot is provided on the side of the flexible strip facing the slot.

2. A device for measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel as claimed in claim 1, wherein The slot is an inverted trapezoid, and the block is an inverted trapezoid that matches the slot.

3. A device for measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel according to claim 1, wherein Both the flexible strip and the locking block are made of polyurethane.

4. The full-section tunnel convergence deformation measuring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the flexible strip is provided with a reflective layer.

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